CANDLE TER

Principle:
Oxygen is displaced by Carbon dioxide

displacement method.
CANDLE JAR
 wintoch and tune's Jar

o
g

Principle:
It catalyses the combination of hydrogen and
recidual oxygen to create complete
conditions. It is the most reliable and widely
used anaerobic method.
Chemical indicator used: Reduced
blue
 AS

methylene blue
indicator strip
anaerobe
jar

GasPak:

Principle:
Contains chemical such as
bicarbonate and sodium borohydride
which react chemically in presence of

water to produce Hand CO gas.

 SArD,
-S Dignitar

GAS PAK

methylene blue
indicator strip
anaerob
ja
GasPak
GasPak
9

is
→
① Robertson
cooked meat
broth
( Glutathione
valllfhlfdteyl equip;
lower redox
environments
② candle jar
 BLOOD AGAR

Enriched medium.

To study haemolysis eg. alpha - partial haemolysis like

Streptococcus pneumonia, beta- complete haemolysis like

Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, gamma-

no haemolysis like Enterococcus spp.

Nutrient agar\ broth is sterilized by autoclaving and sterile 5%

sheep blood is added to it under aseptic conditions.

 CHOCOLATE AGAR
MacConKey Agar

Enriched

Differential media
It provides factor x and for growth of fastidious
• Differentiates between lactose H.
pink colour eg: E. coli) and lactose non- Sterilise agar by autoclaving and cool it to
fermenters (pale or no colour colonies egi -75°c. Add 10% sterile sheep blood and mix gently till the
turns chocolate brown. Pour it into petridish and allow
Salmonella
settl
• Sterilised by autoclaving.
 MUELLER HINTON AGAR

Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method on Mueller

Hinton Agar (MHA), showing
zones of inhibition (susceptible) and no zone or
smaller zones (resistant), according to zone size
interpretative chart recommended by Clinical
and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
 Thiosulphat Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar
Wilson And Blair (TCBS

Selective media Selective media.

Selective for Salmonella Selective for Vibrio cholera (yellow coloured
Sterilised by autoclave. colonies)
Sterilised by autoclave.
 ROBERTSON'S COOKED MEAT BROTH.

Anaerobic media
Contains minced beef, heart that creates
anaerobic condition.
Sterilised by autoclave.
ROBERTSON'S COOKED MEAT BROTH.
 START'S MEDIA

Transport
Contains reducing agent and charcoal to
prevent oxidisation and to neutrilise bacterial
inhibitors.
• Used to transport microbial specimen.
 LOWENSTEIN- JENSEN MEDIA

Select ye / Enriched media

Prima isolation of mycobacterium
Conta hen's eggspecies.
for enrichment.
net hay inspissation.
LOWENSTEIN- JENSEN MEDIA
 S
E

A
d

Liquid asal medium

lying bacterial growth curve.
• For preparing bactertal innoculum
1
1 :
NUTRIENT BROTH
 33
1Em

1I

Enrichment broth.
E

Used for Vibrio Cholerae.

Sterilised by autoclaving.
 SOLID MEDIA AND LIQUID

SOLID MEDIA-

Bacteria have distinct colony morphology.

• Charecteristic'feautres can be identified such as
hemolysis or pigmentation.
• • Colony- bacteria shows macroscopically
collection of millions of bacteria originating from a single
bacterial cell.
Examples- Blood agar, Nutrient agar.
a

LIQUID MEDIA-

Bacteria shows diffused growth.

Charecteristic feautres cannot be identified.
Difficult to isolate the bacteria.
Examples- Nutrient broth.

0
 viral particles → intracellular particles
within DNA on RNA

need na cell
for replication
•

coronavirus Influenza Rhinovirus

flu
,
,

①
,
RS .
→
Para Influenza ,
swine ,

Influenza ,

Nasal Swat .BA 1 Nasal

[ secretions]
.

Avram f- In

Juapvarveae Encephalitis
Hsv
② CNS
.

CCSF serum samples ]

, Polio
③ GI 1- → Help AIE Rotavirus ,
postcode
.

.
serum ]

stool serum
*⑧ Poliomyelitis → .

HSV csereivm)
Hepatitis
.

⑨ STD → Hiv ,
,

HPV HSV
Rubella
③ Teratogenic
,
,
→

cytomegalovirus
⑥ vector borne
-

→ checkengivnioei
( Serum ) Dengueencephalitis ,

Japanese
⑦ Exanthematous → msv ,

( Solum )
smallpox ,

chickenpox ,

HPV
Transport :
Kensal transport
medium Ckcl icarly .
,

nbaclnlpbasma ]

stored @ 4°C adage

<

> s days
@ -70°C

c.) Electron size + Morphology

com
microscopy
.

fluorescent Rabies
Microscope
riountcsaue
light microscope samples ,

conclusion bodies
← can be seen
aggregate of virions
of nexus
particles
# Inclusion Bodies →

d
I Both
Imtoeacytofabasmic
Intranuclear
 Intooacytofataarmic

→ Molluscan Bodies

→
Rabies

Variola
pvasaenibodilk →

Intranuclear Bolts

rcoueduy A

Cowdrey B
Hsv →
lckshcitg Brody

appearance
→
cytomegalovirus
and eye
 ( Influenza)

Rose virus

Japanese Encephalitis
chlamydia spuocketkaioe
1 Beatty
( Influenza vaccine
molecular methods

{ b) RTPCR
G) Biofilm Bedtime Assay
→
virions

monolayer of cells)
Plaque:( confluent

Each plague
is counted as a woolen
Plagues →

-
Plaque Plate
 Vishal Auntbody vdekectton
-

Ing a →
plus Aog
Ing M
→
too snug I
detection
Vuowal antigen

used)
MEL IF A C Fluorescent dye is
 Elisa Pilate
→
Scanned with CamScanner
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ancylostoma diwdenale
Scanned by TapScanner
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Hanging specimen
 2N staining Paul Ehrlich modified by Riehl Meeker

aka acid fast acid Acid fast bae

staining mycolic
Procedure heat
Carbo1 fuschin heat till steam rises

heat 5 8 mins
cool
Rinse
decolourising agent HN03
20 Hz Soe 1 min
Rinse more acid till no colour seer
Rinse
malachite green
Loeffler Methylene Blue 30 40 sec
counter stain Bg
Rinse blot dry oil

principle Mycobacteria coat made of semi permeable

unsaponified lipid material
acid
mycolic
Basic fuschin binds to it imparting Red co
peptide glycolipid trapping

Acid fast MTB e

org M bovis
Acid fast y
M Leprae bae
Nocardia I 1
L I
Actinomycetes pus
cells
r

Importance a diff
diagnosis of Tuberculosis
m leprae be cultivated
cannot in lab
prognosis of a disease
E LEt

IN METHYLENE 207. H2 $04

CARBOL
FUCHSIN BLUE

Acid Fast Staining

Acid fast bacili
actinomyocyte
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 Bas

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 →

Test ( Tests
.pk Shofar
Too
Iron
ability ,

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 ,
%
:{
e:! ,÷¥
Scanned by TapScanner
mycetoma
actinomyocyte
Aspergillus Niger
 cap
writing
on
has
→

Aspergillus Fumigatus
Candida
Rhinosporidium

>Sporangjospore

sporangjum
 NEAST CeLLS
D DING4

CAPLt
CRPDrOecus NtofcRMANS
(tDIA INK PRE PARATI oN)
cryptococcus
Scanned by TapScanner
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Positive and
control
Negative
← →
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Scanned by TapScanner