QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

EXERCISE – 9

3n 4  6  3n 1
1. What is the simplified form of ?
3n 2  7
1 1
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 3n (d) (e)
3 6

2. If 3 32  2x find the value of x.

1 3 5
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) (d) (e)
3 5 3

3. Which of the following values of x satisfies the equation 5  3 x  3?

(a) 125 (b) 64 (c) 57 (d) 36 (e) 21

52 3
4. If  a  b 3 find the value of a and b.
74 3
(a) a = 11, b = 6 (b) a = 6, b = 11 (c) a = 6, b = 6
(d) a = 5, b = 6 (e) Cannot be determined

5. If 2x  2x1  4, find the value of x x .

(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 27 (e) 18

1 1 1
6. Find the value of  
2 3 1
216 3 256 4 243 5
(a) 13 (b) 27 (c) 72 (d) 103 (e) 181

7. If 2n = 4096 then n =
(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 18 (d) 24 (e) 30

2n  2n 1
8. Find the value of n 1 n
2 2
2 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) 8 (e) 12
3 2 6
2
21 1
9. If x    = 18, find the value of x  .
x x
(a) ± 3 (b) ± 4 (c) ± 2 (d) 4 (e) – 4

10. Which is greater 2400 or 4200?

(a) 2400 (b) 4200
(c) Both are the same (d) Cannot be determined
(e) Data Insufficient

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1
11. If x = 4, find the value of ?
1
x 1
x
1
4x
1 3 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 16 3
12. Find the numerical values of: (0.01)–3/2
Enter your answer in the given box.

13. Compare the two quantities to decide whether

Column A Column B
5 8
2 3

14. Compare the two quantities to decide whether.

Column A Column B

7  27 2  84

15. Compare the two quantities (given x and y are integers and x > y) to decide whether.
Column A Column B

3x  4y 3y  4x

16. Compare the two quantities to decide whether.

Column A Column B

2 3  2 3 2

17. Compare the two quantities (given ax + bx = cx) to decide whether.

Column A Column B
a+b c

18. Compare the two quantities (given x is a negative integer and a–x > b–x) to decide whether.
Column A Column B
a b

2n  6m1  10mn  15mn 2

19. What is the value of ?
4m  32mn  25m1
1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 3 3 5

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

1 1 1
 b  c  a b  c  a  bc  a b  ca
20. What is the value of  x ca   x a b   x x bc  ?
     
     
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) – 1 (d) – 2 (e) – 3

21. The value of x satisfying the equation 14  5 x  4 is _________.

(a) 16 (b) 32 (c) 64 (d) 79 (e) 84

2n  2n 1
22. Find the value of n 1 n
2 2
2 3 5 6 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
3 2 6 5 2

5n  53  (25)3
23. If  25, find the value of n.
5  (125)4
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7 (e) 8

0.081 0.484 2.5

24. Find the square root of  
0.0064 6.25 12.1
(a) 0.45 (b) 0.55 (c) 0.75 (d) 0.95 (e) 099

1
25. Find the value of 2 
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1 4 12 29 70
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
4 9 29 70 29

9n  35  (27)3
26. If  27, find the value of n.
3  (81)4
(a) – 1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3 (e) 4

27. Find the value of the expression.

 1  1  1   1
 1  3  1  4  1  5  .......  1  n 
     
n 2 1
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) (e) 2
2 n n
3y
1
28. If   = 0.008, find the value of (0.25)y.
5
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.26 (c) 0.27 (d) 0.28

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ALGEBRA

Basic algebra can be viewed as all extension of arithmetic. The main concept that disguises algebra from
arithmetic is that of variable. The letter x and y are often used as variables, although any letter can be used.

Operations With Algebraic Expression:

An algebraic expression has one or more variables and can be written as a single term or as a sum of terms.
Here are some examples of algebraic expressions.

1
2x y –   w3z + 5z2 + 6
4

1
In the examples above, 2x is a single term y –   has two terms w3z + 5z2 + 6 has three terms.
4

Rules Of Exponents:

In the algebraic expression xa. Where x is raised to the power a, x is called a base and a is called an
exponent. Here are basic Rules of Exponents, where the bases x and y are non-zero real numbers and
Exponents a and b are integers.

1. (xa )(x b )  (x)ab

(xa )
2.  (x)a b
b
(x )

3. (xa )b  (x)ab

4. (xy)a  (xa )(y a )

a
 x  (x)a 1
5.    a (y  0)
y
  (y)

6. x0  1(if x  0)

1
7. x a  (if x  0)
(xa )

a
8. (x1/a )  x1 called a th root x

b
9. (x)a/b  xa called bth root of x a

10. When the bases of two equal numbers are equal then their powers are also equal. Provided base
must not be 1 or 0.

11. When the powers of 2 equal numbers are equal then their bases are equal provide power must not be
‘0’.

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Linear Equations:

When we equate two algebraic expressions using the sign of equality it forms an equation. An equation
makes contain one or more variables.

The Following Rules are Important For Producing Equivalent Equations:-

● When the square constant is added to or subtracted from both sides of an equation. The equality is
pre requested and the new equation is equivalent to the original equation.

● When both sides of an equation multiplied or divided by the same non zero constant, the equality is
preserved and the new equation is equivalent to the original equation.

● A line equation is an equation involving one or more variables in which each term in the equation is
either a constant term or a variable multiplied by a coefficient.

Linear Equations In One Variable:

To solve a linear equation in one variable, simplify each side of the equation by combining like terms. Then
use the rules for producing simpler equivalent equations.

Linear Equation In Two Variables:

A linear equation in two variables x and y can be written in the form ax + by = c.

Where a, b and c are real numbers and a and b are not both zero. For example 3x + 2y = 8 is a linear
equation in two variables.

There are two basic methods for solving systems of linear equations, by substitution or by elimination. In
the substitution to express one variable in terms of the other. Then the expression is substituted in the
other equation.

For example, to solve the system of equation

4x + 3y = 13

x + 2y =2

x = 2 – 2y

4(2 – 2y) + 3y = 13

8 – 8y + 3y = 13

– 5y = 5

Y=–1

X = 2 – 2(– 1) = 4

In the elimination method, the object is to make the coefficients of one variable the same in both equations
so that one variable can be eliminated either by adding the equations together or by subtracting one from
the other.

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

In the example above multiplying both sides of the second equation by 4

4(x + 2y) = 4(2)

4x + 8y = 8

4x + 3y = 13

(–) (–) (–)

___________________________

You subtract 5y = – 5

Then, y = – 1

x=4

Quadratic Equations:

Any Equation that can be expressed in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 is called a quadratic equation in x. Where a,
b and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.

The solutions or roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 are

b  (b2  4ac)
X
2a

Where the notation ± is short hand for indicating two solutions. One that uses the + sign and other that uses
– sign.

If  and  are the roots of the ax2 + bx + c = 0 then

b
Sum of roots (  )  
a

 c
Product of the roots  )  
 a

Note: The quadratic equation whose roots are  ,  is

X2  (  )x    0

Nature Of Roots:

I. If b2 – 4ac > 0, then roots are real and unequal.

II. If b2 – 4ac= 0, then roots are real and equal.

III. If b2 – 4ac< 0, then roots are complex numbers.

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Inequalities: A mathematical statement that uses one of the following inequality sign is called an inequality

< less than

> greater than

≤ Less than or equal to

≥ greater than or equal to

Properties Of Inequalities:

1. If a > b and k is a positive constant then

a+ k > b + k
a–k>b–k
a  k  b k
a b

k k

2. If a > b and k is a negative constant then

a+k>b+k
a–k>b–k
a  k  b k
a b

k k

3. a > b and b > c, then a > c.

4. a < b and b < c, then a < c.

Functions:

An algebraic expression in one variable can be used to define a function of that variable function are usually
represented as f(x), g(x) and h(x).

Operations on function:

Functions can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided like any other quality.

For any two functions f(x) and g(x).

(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x).

(f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x).

(f × g)(x) = f(x) × g(x).

(f / g)(x) = f(x)/g(x), g(x) ‘— 0.

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Compound Function:

A compound function is a function that operates on another function. It’s Written out like their f(g(x)). To
evaluate a compound function first evaluate the internal function g(x), next evaluate the outer function f(x)
at the result of g(x).

Domain And Range:

The domain of a function is set of all permissible inputs, that is all permissible values of the variable x.

Finding The Domain Of A Function:

To find the domain of a given function first look any restrictions on the domain. There are two main
restrictions for function domain questions to look out for on the GRE general test.

1. Division By Zero:

Division by zero is mathematically impossible. A function is therefore undefined for all values of x for
which division by zero occurs.

2. Negative Numbers Under Square Roots:

The square root of a root of a negative number does not exist so if a function contains a square root,
such f(x)  x , the domain must be x > 0.

Range:

A function’s range is the set of all values of f(x) that can be generated by the function.

WORD PROBLEMS

Generally word problems in GRE related to Time, Speed and Distance, Time and Work and Ages.

Time, Speed And Distance:

Speed = Distance/Time

Time = Distance/Speed

Distance = Speed × Time

Conversions:

1 mile = 1609 meters = 1760 yards = 5280 feet

1 Km = 1000 meters

1 yard = 3 feet

1 feet = 12 Inches.

 5
1 km/hr =   meters/second
 18 

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Relative Speed:

CASE 1: Two bodies are moving opposite directions at speed v1 & v2 respectively.

The relative speed = |v1 + v2|

CASE 2: When two bodies are moving in same directions at speed v1 & v2 respectively the relative Speed
 v1  v2

Trains Based Concept:

1. When the train is crossing a moving object, the speed has to be taken as the relative speed of the train
with respect to the object.

2. The distance to be covered when crossing an object, whenever train cross an object will be equal to
length of the train + length of the object.

Let a train of length l miles moving with a speed of x miles/hr. then the distance travelled by the train to
cross a telegraph post or a stationary man or a tree is equal to the length of the train itself.

length of the train

Time taken by the train to cross a tree or a man standing on the platform 
speed of the train

5 Time taken by a train to cross a bridge or a tunnel or a stationary train

length of the train  length of the bridge


speed of the train

Boats And Streams:

Let u = Speed of the boat in still water

V = Speed of the stream.

While moving in upstream

Distance covered s = (u – v) T

Incase of down stream

Distance covered s = (u + v) T

Circular Motion:

The relative speed of 2 bodies moving around a circle taken as

(v1 – v2) while moving in same direction

(v1 + v2) while moving in opposite direction.

Average speeds :

Total distance travel

Average Speed =
Total time taken

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If a certain distance is covered at x miles/hr and the same distance is covered at y miles/hr. Then the
2xy
average speed during the whole journey is miles/hr.
xy

TIME AND WORK:

● If A can finished the work in n days then the work done by A in 1 day is 1/n th part of total work,
assuming A works uniformly.

● If A’s one day’s work is 1/n, then the time taken by A to finish the work is n days.

● If the number of men engaged to do a work be changed in the ratio m:n, then the time required for
the work will be in the ratio n:m

● If r and s are the number of hours taken by two workers A and B respectively to complete a job who
work alone and h is the no. of hours it takes A and B to do the job working together. then their one
hour work is

1 1 1
 
h r s

Pipes And Cistern:

Pipes and cistern problems are almost as square as those of time and work problems.

Inlet: A pipe connected with a cistern or a reservoir is called an inlet, if it filly it.

Outlet: A pipe connected with a tank is called an outlet, if it emptiest it.

Formula:

1
● If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours then the part filled uniformly in 1 hour =
x

1
● If a pipe can empty a tank in y hours then the part of the full tank emptied in 1 hour =
y

● If a pipe can fill tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the full thank in y hours, then the total
1 1
part filled in 1 hour when both pipes are opened =     .
x y

(xy)
Time taken to fill the tank, when both pipes are opened = .
(y  x)

● If a pipe can fill a thank in x hours and another can fill the same thank in y hours, then the part filled
1 1
in 1 hr when both the pipes are opened =   
x y

XY
Time taken to fill the tank = .
XY

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

● If a pipe fills a tank in x hrs and another fills the same tank in y hrs, but a third pipe is empty the full
1 1 1
tank in z hrs and all of them are opened together, the net part filled in 1hr =  
X Y Z

XYZ
● Time taken to fill the tank = hrs
YZ  ZX  XY

EXERCISE – 1

ab
1. If = 2 and b = 1 what is the value of a?
ab
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) – 1 (d) – 2 (e) – 3

2. The system of equations 7x + 3y = 12, and3x + 7y = 6 is given.

If x and y satisfy the system of equations given, what is the value of x – y?
2 3
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 4 (e) 6
3 2

3. 7p + 3 = r
3p + 7 = s

Quantity A Quantity B

r s

4. 4x – 5y = 10
– 3x + 6y = 22

Quantity A Quantity B

33 x+y

x 2
5. If  and x + y = 5,which of the following is greater than y?
y 3
Indicate all possible choices.
(a) 2 (b) 24 (c) 10

(d) 35 (e) 43

1x
6. If xy  0, 
xy
x 1 y 1 1
(a)  (b)  (c) 1
y x x x xy

1 x2 1 1
(d)  (e) 
xy y x y

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

7. x+y=7

Quantity A Quantity B

5x – y 3x + 2y

8. The sum of digits of a two-digit number is 12. If the units digit is one-half the tens digit, find the
two-digit number.
(a) 26 (b) 48 (c) 62 (d) 84 (e) 93

9. If the sum of x and x + 1 is greater than 7, find the value of x.

(a) – 4 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 3 (e) 4

10. The number p is 4 more than 3 times the number r. The sum of p and r is 10. Which of the following
pairs of equations could be used to find the values of p and r?
(a) p = 3r + 4; p + r = 10 (b) p = 3r + 4; pr = 10
(c) p = 3(r + 4); p + r = 10 (d) p + 4 = 3r; p + r = 10
(e) p + 4 = 3r; pr = 10

11. If 36 is expressed as a sum of two numbers, one of which is 15.5, what is the difference between the
two numbers?
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11 (e) 13

12. If a number is divided by 6, the quotient so obtained is the square of that number.
Find the number.
1 1
(a) 6 (b) (c) 36 (d) (e) 49
6 36

3
13. If a number exceeds another number by 13 and the larger number is times the smaller number,
2
find the larger number.
(a) 13 (b) 26 (c) 31 (d) 39 (e) 65

14. If s sandwiches cost c cents, how many dollars will fetch 20 sandwiches?
20C 5C
(a) 5cs (b) (c)
5 5S
C
(d) (e) Cannot be determined
5S

15. The sum of digits of a two-digit number is 10. If 18 is added to the number, the digits are
interchanged, find the original number.
(a) 64 (b) 46 (c) 37 (d) 35 (e) 26

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

16. 3x + 2y = 8
4x – y = 2

Quantity A Quantity B

x+y 4.632

17. Which of the following expressions represents the given situation?

Add 3 to x. Divide this sum by 4 and subtract 2 from the result.

x 5 x 1 x 3
(a) (b) (c)
4 4 2
3x  8 x 1
(d) (e)
4 2

18. If 2x + 3y = 31 and 3x + 4y = 43.

Quantity A Quantity B

x y

19. If one root of x2 – 20x + k = 0 is 9, compare the two quantities to decide whether.

Quantity A Quantity B

k 100

20. If one root of x2 – 9x + k = 0 is twice the other, compare the two quantities to decide whether.

Quantity A Quantity B

k 27

21. (x + 2y)(x – 2y) = 4

Quantity A Quantity B

x2 – 4y2 8

3
22. A certain recipe requires cups of sugar and makes 2 dozen cookies.
2

Quantity A Quantity B

The amount of sugar required for

2 cups
the same recipe to make 30 cookies

23. Y = 2x2 + 7x – 3

Quantity A Quantity B

X y

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24. For the quadratic equation (y – c) (y – d) + 2 = 0, where c and d are integers. For the above Condition
to be true, which of the following must be true?
(a) c and d should be even (b) c and d should be odd
(c) c – d = 4 or c – d = 0 (d) c and d should be consecutive integers
(e) c and d should be greater than 1

25. How many possible values are these for m such that the quadratic equation x2 + 16x + 4m = 0 has real
roots? It is known that m is non negative integer.
(a) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 13 (e) 17

26. For any positive integer value, which of the following expression is equivalent to (x2y)  (y2x)
expression?
(a) X2  y 2 (b) Xy  (2x  y) (c) X2  y

Xy(x2  y 2 ) Xy(x2  y 2 )
(d) (e)
xy (x  y)

1 1 1
27.    then what is the value of x?
x x 2 4
(a) – 2 (b) – 4 (c) 2 (d) 4 (e) 16

28. Which of the following is equivalent to 5x2  30x  45?

(a) 5(x2  6x  5) (b) 5(x  3)(x  5) (c) 5(x  3)(x  3)

(d) 3x(x  6  9) (e) 3x2  x(18  27)

29. What is the value of x(x2  y2  xy)  y(x2  xy  y2 )?

(a) x3  2x2y  xy2  y3 (b) x3  xy2  2xy  y2

(c) x2  y2  2xy2  x2y (d) x3  y3

(e) x3  y3

30.

Column A Column B

6x2  54
5x + 15
x 3

1  1
31. If z2   62, then value of  z  z  is?
z2  
(a) 1 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 9 (e) 10

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

1
32. The term must be added to to make it equal to x is?
x
(X  1) (X2  1) (X2  1)
(a) (b) (c)
(x  1) x x

(X  1) (X2  1)
(d) (e)
(x  1) (x2  1)

33. An equation equivalent to the quadratic equation x2  6x  5  0 is

(a) 6x2  5x  1  0 (b) X2  5x  6  0 (c) 5x2  6x  1  0

(d) |x – 3| = 2 (e) X2  5x  6  0

1
34. If one roots of the equation 3x2  10x  3  0 is ,the other root is
3
1 1
(a)  (b) – 3 (c) 3 (d) (e) 1
3 3

35. The positive value of m for which the roots of the equation 12x2  mx  5  0 are in the ratio 3:2 is
12 5 5
(a) (b) (c)
5 2 10 12

(d) 5 10 (e) 10

36. The quadratic equation whose one root is 2  3 2

(a) X2  4x  14  0 (b) X2  4x  14  0 (c) X2  4x  14  0

(d) X2  4x  14  0 (e) x2  4x  14

37. If a, b are the roots of the equation 3x2  6x  9  0, then the value of a2 + b2 is
(a) – 2 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0 (e) – 1

38. X2 + y2 = xy, then (x + y)4 = ?

(a) Xy (b) X2y2 (c) 9x2y2
(d) (x2 + y2)2 (e) X4 + y4

39. (2 + x)(2 + y) – (2 + x) – (2 + y) = ?
(a) 2y (b) Xy (c) X + y
(d) X – y (e) X + y + xy

40.

Column A Column B

2r r2 + 1

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

41.

Column A Column B

2ab a+b

42. X2 + y2 = 2ab and 2xy = a2 + b2 with a, b, x, y > 0 then x + y = ?

(a) ab (b) a – b (c) a + b

(d) a2  b2 (e) a2  b2

EXERCISE – 2
1. How many natural number pairs (x, y) satisfy the inequality 3x + 5y < 20?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 8 (e) 10
2. What is the best description of ‘x’, which satisfies the inequality x2 – 5x + 6 ≤ 0?
(a) 2 < x < 3 (b) x ≤ 2 (c) x ≥ 3
(d) 2 ≤ x ≤ 3 (e) x = {2, 3}
3. X – |x| is always
(a) < 0 (b) = 0 (c) > 0 (d) ≤ 0 (e) ≥ 0
4. What is the best description of P, if |P + 3| < 5?
(a) P < 8 (b) P < – 8 (c) – 8 < p < 2
(d) – 2 < p < 8 (e) – 8 < p < – 2

k
5. If f(k) = , for 0 < k < 1, which of the following is true?
k 1
(a) f(k) ≥ 0 (b) f(k) < 0 (c) 0 < f(k) < 1
(d) f(k) > 0 (e) f(k) ≥ 1
6. If – 3 ≤ x ≤ 4 and – 2 ≤ y ≤ 5, what is the minimum possible value of?
(a) 0 (b) – 243 (c) – 1024
(d) 1 (e) 125
7. How many integer pairs satisfy the equality |x| + |y| = 7?
(a) 16 (b) 20 (c) 24 (d) 28 (e) 32
8. If |x| ≤ 2 and |y + 3| ≤ 5, what is the minimum possible value of x + y?
(a) 12 (b) – 10 (c) – 7 (d) 0 (e) 7
9. Which of the following natural number pairs (x, y) satisfy/satisfies the inequality 3x + 5y < 20?
Indicate all such pairs.
(a) (2,2) (b) (4,3) (c) (3,4) (d) (4,4)
10. If |x – 2| < 4, which of the following is true?
(a) – 2 < x < 6 (b) – 4 < x < 4 (c) – 2 < x < 4
(d) – 6 < x < 6 (e) – 4 < x < 4

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11. If a > – 3, which of the following values can a + 4 take?

(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) – 6 (e) – 1

12. If y = 1 + 1/x and x > 1, y could be equal to

12
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) -2 (e)
7

13. Compare the two quantities

Column A Column B

x 1 x 1
2
x x2

14. If x > y, compare the two quantities

Column A Column B

Xy Yx

15. Compare the two quantities

Column A Column B

X2 2x

16. If x is a natural number, compare the two quantities

Column A Column B

1
2–x
x

17. If x and y are two different positive numbers, compare the two quantities

Column A Column B

x! + y! (x + y)!

18. Compare the two quantities to decide whether. X and y are two distinct positive numbers.

Column A Column B

X Y
 2
Y X

19. If x and y are positive numbers, compare the two quantities to decide whether

Column A Column B

x+y xy

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

20. Compare the two quantities to decide whether

Column A Column B

x2 + 2 x–2

21. If 2 < x < 3 and – 6 < y < – 5, compare the two quantities to decide whether

Column A Column B

x4y xy4

22. If 2x = 3y, compare the two quantities to decide whether

Column A Column B

|x| |y|

23. If |x – 3| > 2, compare the two quantities to decide whether

Column A Column B

|x| 2

24. Compare the two quantities to decide whether

Column A Column B

|x| + |y2| |x + y2|

25. If w > x > 0 > y > z, compare the two quantities.

Column A Column B

w+y x+z

26. Compare the two quantities in A and B.

Given, 3 – x > 2 and y – 2 > 4

Quantity A Quantity B

x–1 y–6

27. Compare the two quantities in A and B.

a>b>c>d

Quantity A Quantity B

ab bd
c c

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EXERCISE – 3

1. If 4 < a < 9 and 7 < b < 13, which of the following represents all possible values of ab?
(a) 114 < ab < 13 (b) 9 < ab < 21 (c) 28 < ab < 117
(d) 27 < ab < 110 (e) 30 < ab < 100

g(x)
2. Consider the functions; f(x)  xa  a x and g(x)  xa  a x . Find , when x = 2 and a = 3.
f(x)
1 1
(a)  (b) 17 (c) – 17 (d) (e) 17
17 17

3. If f(0, y) = y + 3, f(x, 0) = f(0, x + 1), f(x, y) = f(x, 0) + f(0, y) – f(x – 2, y – 2), find f (4, 6).
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 9 (d) 5 (e) 8

 2x  3, x is odd
4. F(x)   and g(x) =. Find the difference between f{g (4)} and g{f (3)}.
2
 x  4, x is even
(a) 400 (b) 401 (c) 402 (d) 403 (e) 404

5. Let f be the function defined on the counting numbers 1, 2, 3…… so that f(t) = t + 1. If t is odd and
f(t) = t – 1 is even, find the value of f (t2 + 1)2 + t2 – 1)2).
(a) 2 – 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 + 1
(d) 2 + 2 (e) 2 + 3

6. If f (x) =, f(f(x)) will be

1 1
(a) 2x – 1 (b) 2x + (c) x 
2 2

x
(d) (e) 2x – 5
43

x
7. If f (x) = x3 and g(x) = , the value of f(g(– 2)) + g(f (– 2)) will be
2
(a) – 4 (b) – 5 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 6

8. What is maximum value of f(x) = 3 – (x + 5)2?

(a) – 5 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) 5

9. If f(x) = X2 – X and if f (a + 2) = 0, the values of a are

(a) 1, 2 (b) – 1, 2 (c) 2, – 1
(d) – 1, – 2 (e) 3, – 1

10. If f(x) = (x  1)(6  x), the domain of f is

(a) (1,6) (b) [1,6] (c) [1,–6]
(d) [–1.6] (e) [–1,–6]

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

x
11. Range of , x  0 is
x
(a) {–1,1} (b) [–1,1] (c) R – (–1,1)
(d) (0,0) (e) (1,1)

g(2)  g(3)  g(0)

12. If f (x) = x2, g(x) = – 5x + 6, then 
f(0)  f(1)  f( 2)
2 5 6 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) 2 (e)
5 6 5 2

13. If f is a function such that f(0) = 2, f(1) = 3 and f(x + 2) = 2 f(x) – f(x + 1),
Find the value of f (5).
(a) – 3 (b) – 7 (c) 4 (d) 7 (e) 13

x 1
14. If f(x) = , f(2x) is
x 2
f(x)  1 3f(x)  1 f(x)  3
(a) (b) (c)
f(x)  3 f(x)  3 f(x)  1
f(x)  3 3f(x)  1
(d) (e)
3f(x)  1 f(x)  3

15. The following functions have been defined for three numbers X, Y and Z:
A (X, Y) = average of X and Y
P (X, Y) = product of X and Y
D (X, Y) = X divided by Y
Answer the question with the above data.
If X = 3 and Y = 5, the value of A (D(P(X, Y), X), X) would be
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 6.5 (e) 8

16. Let ‘f’ be a function defined on the set of integers. Assume that ‘f’ satisfies the following properties:
1. F(0) = 0;
2. F(1) = 3; and f(2) =7.
3. F(x) f(y) = f(x + y) + f(x – y)
Find the value of f (7) for all integer x and y.
(a) 123 (b) 322 (c) 843
(d) 1126 (e) 1284

17. If f(x) = xx, find the value of [f(– x)]2 in terms of f(x).
1 1
(a) [f(x)]2 (b) (c)
[f(x)]2 f(x)

(d) f(x2 ) (e) [f(x)]

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18. If f(x) = x3 – x2 – x + 1 and g(x) = x2 – 2x + 1, which of the following is true?

(a) f(x) = (x + 1) g(x) (b) f(x) / g(x) = 1
(c) f(x) – g(x) = x3 – 2x2 (d) f(x) + g(x) = 2x + 1
(e) f(x) = g(x)
19. If f(x, y) = 3x2 – 2xy – y2 + 4, find f (1, – 1).
(a) 8 (b) 60 (c) 80 (d) 86 (e) 95

pqr
20. If |p – 2| = 7, |q – 3| = 5, |2r – 1| = 7, |3s| = 9, what is the maximum possible value of ?
s
(a) 48 (b) –96 (c) 96
160 160
(d) (e)
3 3
21. F(x) =x2, g(x) = x + 2 then f(g(2)) = ?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16 (e) 32
22. If f(1) = 1 and f(n) – f(n – 1) = 3, find the value of f(100) – f(50).
(a) 50 (b) 75 (c) 100 (d) 150 (e) 300
23. If f(x) = 1 + 2 + … + x, what is the value of f (1) + f (2) + … + f (20)?
(a) 1200 (b) 1540 (c) 400
(d) 210 (e) 2048
22. If f(1) = 1 and f(n) – f(n – 1) = 3, find the value of f(100) – f(50).
(a) 50 (b) 75 (c) 100 (d) 150 (e) 300
23. If f(x) = 1 + 2 + … + x, what is the value of f (1) + f (2) + … + f (20)?
(a) 1200 (b) 1540 (c) 400
(d) 210 (e) 2048
24. If x is a positive number, the minimum value of the expression 3x + 12/x is
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 15 (d) 6 (e) 4
25. For the linear function g(x) = mx + c, g(1) = – 2 and g (– 2) = 11. The change in the value of g(x), when
x increases by 2 is
13 26
(a) (b) (c) –12
2 3
39
(d) –13 (e)
2
26. If f(x/y) = f(x) – f(y) and f(2) = 3, find the value of f(64).
(a) 32 (b) 18 (c) 48 (d) 128 (e) 64
27. The least value of 3x + 3–x is
2
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) (e) –2
3

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EXERCISE – 4

3
1. The highest cricket score in an innings was of the total and the next highest score was of the
11
remainder. If these scores differ by 9, what is the total score?
(a) 130 (b) 121 (c) 110 (d) 102 (e) 140
2. A is older than B by 29 years, B is older than C by 3 years and D is younger than C by 2 years. Two
years later, A’s age will be twice the combined age of B, C and D together. Find the present age of A in
years.
(a) 34 (b) 36 (c) 39 (d) 41 (e) 42
3. Robin is younger than his father by 25 years. His father was 45 years old 5 years ago.

Column A Column B

Age of Robin 5 years, from now 30 years

4. Patricia’s present age is 5 years more than Hilary’s present age. The difference between the squares
of their age, 3 years ago, was 25 years. What will be Hilary’s age five years from now?
(a) 35 years (b) 30 years (c) 25 years
(d) 8 years (e) 5 years
5. Jacky is twice as old as Ruby. Three years ago, his age was greater than Ruby’s present age by two
years. How old is Ruby now?
(a) 11 years (b) 10 years (c) 8 years
(d) 7 years (e) 5 years
6. A sum of $8.25 is made up of 100 coins, which are of either 10 cent or 5 cent denomination. Find the
number of 10 cent coins.
(a) 65 (b) 55 (c) 40 (d) 35 (e) 30
7. If an integer y is subtracted from an integer x and the result is greater than x, the value of y is
(a) equal to x (b) less than 0 (c) less than x
(d) greater than 0 (e) greater than x
8. Steve is taller than Alice but shorter than Bob. If the heights of Steve, Alice and Bob are a, b and c feet
respectively, which of the following options is true?
(a) a < b < c (b) b < c < a (c) b < a < c
(d) a < c < b (e) Cannot be determined
9. In a bag, there are coins of two dollar, one dollar, 50 cent and 25 cent value. If the coins of each type
are equal in number and the total value of coins is $1125, find the number of two-dollar coins.
(a) 250 (b) 300 (c) 350 (d) 400 (e) 450
10. After 15 years, Ralph’s age will be five times his age five years back. What is the present age of Ralph?
(a) 10 years (b) 15 years (c) 20 years
(d) 22 years (e) 25 years

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11. A’s age is 6 times B’s age. Fifteen years later, A’s age will be 3 times B’s age. Find the present ages of B
and A.
(a) 8 years and 64 years (b) 10 years and 60 years
(c) 12 years and 72 years (d) 18 years and 26 years
(e) 15 years and 55 years

5
12. Kate got married six years ago and her present age is times her age at the time of marriage. Her
4
1
son’s age is times her present age. What is her son’s age?
10
(a) 2 year (b) 3 year (c) 4 year
(d) 5 year (e) 6 year

13. Mary and Ket are cousins. Mary’s present age is 9 times what Ket’s age 12 years ago was. When Ket
will be 17 years older than Mary’s present age, the sum of their ages will be 100. The present ages of
Mary and Ket, respectively are
(a) 27 years and 15 years (b) 36 years and 18 years
(c) 18 years and 14 years (d) 30 years and 16 years
(e) None of these

14. Rony had x number of candies. Later, he started to divide the candies equally among 5 friends, but after
giving each friend z candies, he decided to keep the rest. How many candies did Rony keep for himself?
x
(a) x – 5z (b) x – 6z (c)
5z
x 5x
(d) (e)
6z z

15. There are x exposures on a certain roll of film. The cost of the roll of film is d dollars and the cost of
developing the film is c cents per exposure. What is the cost, in dollars, to purchase and develop the
roll of film?
cx cdx
(a) d (b) (c) cx + 100d (d) 100dx + c
100 100

16. Which of the following equations represents the given situation? 8 more than 9x is 3 times the sum of
6 and x.
(a) 9x + 8 = 3x + 6 (b) 8 + 9x = 3(x – 6) (c) 9x + 8 = 3(x + 6)
(d) 3(8 + 9x) = 6x (e) 9x + 8 = 3 + 6 + x

17. A hacker has as many codes as is the number of sites to be hacked. Each code hacks exactly one site. It
takes 20 seconds to determine whether a given code hacks a given site. If after a total of 5 minutes
spent exclusively on determining whether or not the first x of the total codes fit a given site, 20% of
the codes have been tried, find the total number of codes.

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18. The temperature in New York rose by 15ºC, then fell by 21ºC and then again rose by 11ºC. If the
temperature before the changes was t degrees, which of the following options was the temperature,
in ºC, after the changes?
(a) t – 5 (b) t – 3 (c) t + 6
(d) t + 5 (e) t + 3
19. The Dean gave Martha b books. He gave Sally two books more than he gave Martha and he gave Jim
three books less than he gave Sally. In terms of b, how many books did the Dean give Sally, Martha
and Jim altogether?
(a) 3b + 1 (b) 3b (c) 3b – 1
(d) b – 1 (e) b + 1
20. In a full series of seminars, there are 3 to 5 lectures in each seminar and 30 to 40 students attend
each of these lectures. If in one full series, 20 percent of the students failed to attend, what is the
greatest possible number of students who never attended the seminars?
EXERCISE – 5
1. If an object travels at five feet per second how many feet does it travel in one hour?
(a) 30 (b) 300 (c) 720
(d) 1800 (e) 18000
2. Helpers are needed to prepare for the cake. Each helper can make either 2 large cakes or 35 small
cakes per hour. The kitchen is available for 3 hours 20 large cakes and 700 small cakes are needed.
How many helpers are required?
(a) 10 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25 (e) 30
3. The distance from the town A to town B is 5 miles. C is six miles from b. Which of the following could
be the distance from A to C? indicate all such distances
(a) 11 (b) 7 (c) 1 (d) 5 (e) 6
4. Sheila works 8 hours per day on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and 6 hours per day on Tuesday
and Thursday. She does not work on Saturday and Sunday. She earns $324 per week. How much does
she earn in dollars per hour.
(a) 11 (b) 10 (c) 9 (d) 8 (e) 7
5. A machine puts c caps on bottles in m minutes how many hours will it take to put caps on b bottles?
60bm bm bc
(a) (b) (c)
c 60c 60m
60b b
(d) (e)
cm 60cm
6. The beach resort is 2 km from the city and the sports complex is 10 kms from the city. The city resort
and sports complex all lie at sea level.
Column A Column B

The distance from the beach resort

7 km
to the Sports complex

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7. Pedro travels by bus to school at an average speed of 40 km/hr. He is driven home by the same route
in a friends car at as average of 50 km/hr.

Column A Column B

Average speed for both legs of the

45
journey

8. Farm x is 8 miles distance from farm y and farm z is 7 miles the distance from farm y.

Column A Column B

Distance between x and z 10 miles

9.

Column A Column B

1 1
The time required to cover mile The time required to cover mile at
2 3
travelling at 20 miles per hour travelling 30 miles per hour

10. Jonas takes 5 hours to paint a fence, mark takes twice as long to paint the same fence working
together, how long will it take them to complete the fence?
5 10
(a) 72 hrs (b) hrs (c) hrs
2 3
(d) 5 hrs (e) 7.5 hrs

11. If takes 6 people 6 days to do a job. How many days add it take 2 people working at the same rate to
do the job?
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 16 (e) 18

12. A can do a work in 15 days and B in 20 days. If they work on it together for 4 days, then the fraction
of the work that is left is
1 1 4 8 9
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
4 10 15 15 15

13. If A can do the work in 30 days and B can do the same work in 45 days, then how many days will be
taken by them working together to complete the work?
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 14 (d) 18 (e) 22

14. If 12 men can do a piece of work in 36 days. In how many days 18 men can do the same work?
(a) 18 (b) 20 (c) 24 (d) 36 (e) 42

15. A can do a work in 10 days. What is A’s 1 day work?

1
(a) 1 (b) (c) 10 (d) 2 (e) 3
10

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16. Two people can do a work in 10 days. what is 1 day 1 man work?
1 1
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) (e) 20
10 20

17. If 9 men working 6 hrs a day can do a work in 88 days. Then 6 men working 8 hrs a day can do it in
how many days?
(a) 80 (b) 88 (c) 90 (d) 99 (e) 108

18. If pipe A can fill tank in 9 minutes and B can empty the tank is 18 minutes. In what time the tank be
filled if both pipes work simultaneously ?
(a) 9 minutes (b) 4.5 minutes (c) 18 minutes
9
(d) 6 minutes (e) minutes
4

19. An Inlet pipe can fill the tank in 30 minutes. An outlet pipe can empty the tank in 45 minutes. In what
time the tank be filled if both pipes work simultaneously?
(a) 60 min (b) 90 min (c) 120 min
(d) 160 min (e) 180 min

20. Working together at a constant rate, machines L,M and N can produce a total of 200 bolts in 4 hours.
If machine L can produce 20 bolts in 30 minutes and machines M and N work at the same constant
rate as each other, how many bolts can machine M produce in 1 hr?
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 20 (d) 30 (e) 50

21. If 2 pipes work simultaneously, the reservoir fills in 12 hrs. One pipe fills the reservoir 10 hrs faster
than the other does. How many hours does the faster pipe take to fill the reservoir alone?
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40 (e) 50

EXERCISE – 6

1. To run a car costs 3 dollars per hour and to run a bike costs 1.2 dollars per hour. For how many hours
should the car be run for the cost to be the same as the cost of running a bike for 8 hours?

2. Jim is older than Jonathan by 5 years. Myra is older than Melissa by 7 years. Jonathan is older than
Melissa by 3 years.

Quantity A Quantity B

Jim’s age Myra’s age

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3. The relationships among the heights of 5 basketball players

A, B, C, D and E are as follows:
A is shorter than B; C is shorter than B
D is taller than C; E is shorter than D.

Quantity A Quantity B

The height of A The height of D

4. Thirty five tickets for a play were sold on a day. If the cost per ticket were $80 and $160 and the total
collection was $3600, find the number of tickets cost $160 each sold.

5. Total expenditure for a class trip is $450. If there had been five students more for the trip, the
expenditure per student would have been less by $1. Find the number of students who went for the
trip.
(a) 44 (b) 45 (c) 50 (d) 54 (e) 55

6. A number formed by two digits exceeds the number formed by reversing the digits by 18. Three
times theproduct of digits of the number exceeds by 5, five times the sum of the digits. Find the
number.
(a) 35 (b) 45 (c) 53 (d) 54 (e) 55

7. Mr. Sam went for shopping to total of 4 shops. In each shop he spent half the amount he has and 2
more. After visiting the last store he has total of $10 in his hand. How many dollars before entering
the first shop?
(a) $212 (b) $416 (c) $104 (d) $220 (e) $52

8. A famous cricketer Mr. Micheal went with to purchase certain of balls. There were two types of balls
in the shop: tennis balls and leather balls. The leather ball was 70 cent costlier than the tennis balls. If
it is known that they purchased total of 30 balls and they spent $32 on purchasing the balls, what
could be the possible cost of tennis balls?
(a) 60 cents (b) 70 cents (c) 80 cents (d) 90 cents

9. In the class 2012 of IIMC, 20 students has taken the management as major subject. The remains
students who represent the 8 times the square root of class has taken finance as major. Which of the
following is the possible number of students in the class?
(a) 441 (b) 100 (c) 225 (d) 196 (e) 400

10. When a certain positive number is increased by 4 and then squared, the resulting number is 144
more than the square of the number which of the following is the possible value of number?
(a) 16 (b) 26 (c) 34 (d) 62 (e) 97

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11. A man rides at the rate of 11 miles an hour and stops for 5 minutes to change horses at the end of
every 7th mile. How much time will he take to cover a distance of 94 miles?
(a) 9.02 hours (b) 9.38 hours (c) 9.54 hours
(d) 9.65 hours (e) 0.38 hours

12. The speed of a boat in still water is 10 m/s and the speed of the stream is 6 m/s. If the boat first goes
upstream and later goes downstream, what is the ratio of the time taken to cover a particular stretch
of distance in each direction?
(a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 3 : 1
(d) 3 : 4 (e) 4 : 1

13. A, B and C together can finish a piece of work in 3 days. A alone can do it in 9 days and B alone can do
it in 6 days. In how many days can C do it alone?
(a) 21 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 18 (e) 20

3 th
14. Rambo finished of a work in 9 days. Then Shaun joined him and they together finished the
5
remaining work in another 4 days. In how many days can Shaun alone finish the work?
(a) 30 day (b) 35 day (c) 22 day
(d) 28 day (e) 25 day

15. A and B can do a piece of work in 21 days and 28 days respectively. They began the work together,
but A left after some days and B finished the remaining work in 14 days. After how many days did A
leave
(a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 3 (e) 2

16. A, B and C together earn $150 per day while A and C together earn $94 and B and C together earn
$76. The daily earning of C is
(a) $75 (b) $56 (c) $34 (d) $20 (e) $18

17. At present, the sum of the ages of father and his son is 100 years. Five years ago, their ages was in the
ratio 2 : 1. What will be the ratio of their ages after 10 years?
(a) 5 : 3 (b) 13 : 16 (c) 17 : 7
(d) 18 : 3 (e) 20 : 7

18. A train 280 m long is moving at 60 kmph. Find the time taken by the train to cross a tunnel 220 m
long.
(a) 20 sec (b) 25 sec (c) 30 sec
(d) 35 sec (e) 40 sec

19. A train 125 m long passes a man, running at 5 kmph in the same direction as that of the train, in 10
seconds. Find the speed of the train.
(a) 50 km/hr (b) 45 km/hr (c) 40 km/hr
(d) 34 km/hr (e) 32 km/hr

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20. Three taps A, B and C can fill a tank in 12, 15 and 20 hours respectively. If A is opened all the time and
B and C are opened for one hour each alternately, the tank will be full in
2
(a) 6 hours (b) 6 hours (c) 7 hours
3
1
(d) 7 hours (e) 8 hours
2

21. Three printers R, S and T, each working by itself and at a constant rate, require 4, 8 and 12 hours
respectively to print 240 pages. If there are 240 pages to be printed, how many pages will be left after
1
each of the printers has worked by itself for exactly hour?
2
(a) 0 (b) 55 (c) 110 (d) 185 (e) 215

22. Working at constant rates, Machine R completely presses x records in 0.2 hour and machine S
completely presses x records in 0.4 hour.(x > 0)

Quantity A Quantity B

The number of records Completely The number of records completely

pressed by R In 3 hours pressed by S in 6 hours

23. P, Q and R rent a pasture. P puts 10 oxen for 7 months, Q puts 12 oxen for 5 months and R puts 15
oxen for 3 months for grazing. If the rent of the pasture is $175, how much must R pay as his share of
rent?
(a) $45 (b) $50 (c) $55 (d) $60 (e) $65

24. A railway passenger counts the telegraph posts along the line while passing by them. If the posts are
50 meters apart and the train is moving at 48 km per hour, how many posts will he cross per minute?
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 22 (e) 24

25. Janet puts $10,000 and Kevin puts $15,000 in a business. The time for which these sums are invested
in the business is in the ratio 1 : 4. The business generates $49000 as profit. If she gets another 5% of
the profit to manage the business, what total amount will Janet receive?
(a) $700 (b) $9450 (c) $9500
(d) $9800 (e) $9850

EXERCISE – 7

1. Compare the two quantities.

2x + 3y – 5 = 0 is the equation of line P.

Column A Column B

2
Slope of P 
3

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2. Compare the two quantities.

A(0, 0), B(0, 4) and C(– 3, 0) are the co-ordinates of the vertices of ABC.
Column A Column B
Area of ABC 4

3. Compare the two quantities.

y = 3x – 2 and 3y = 2x + 5 are equations of lines p and q respectively
Column A Column B
Product of slopes of p and q 1

4. Compare the two quantities.

Points A(– 4, 3) and B(4, – 3) lie on the a line P.
Column A Column B
Measure of AB 10

5. Find the distance of the point of intersection of the lines 2X – 3Y + 13 = 0 and 3X + 7Y – 15 = 0, from
the point (4, – 5).
(a) 10 (b) 10 (c) 68
(d) 20 (e) 98

6. Find the equation of the straight line passing through point (– 2, – 3) and perpendicular to the line
joining the points (– 2, 3) and (– 5, – 6).
(a) X + 2Y + 8 = 0 (b) X + 3Y + 11 = 0 (c) X – 3Y = 7
(d) X + 3Y = 11 (e) X + 8Y = 11
7. Which of the following lines has a point of intersection with line y = 4x – 5?
9
(a) y = 4x – 6 (b) y = 4x + 6 (c) y = 4x +
2
1
(d) 2y = 8x (e) y = x+ 2
2
8. A line l1 contains points (0, 2) and (2, 3). If line l2 passes through (1, 2) and is perpendicular to l1,
then equation of l2 will be
(a) 2x + y = 4 (b) 2x + y = 3 (c) 2x + y = – 3
(d) 2x + y = – 4 (e) 2x + y = 5.
9. Equation of the line passing through (1, 0) and parallel to line 3x + 4y + 12 = 0 is
(a) 4y + 3x = 3 (b) 4y – 3x = 5 (c) 3x – 4y = 3
(d) 3x – 4y = 5 (e) x + y = 1
10. Equation of the line, which passes through (3, 4) and has 14 as sum of its intercepts on co-ordinate
axes, will be
(a) – 4x + 3y = 24 (b) 4x – 3y = 24 (c) 6x + 6y = 42
(d) 4x + 3y = 24 (e) Both (c) & (d)

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11. If P (2, 1), Q (6, 4), R (7, 5) and S (x, y) are the vertices of a parallelogram PQRS, then
(a) x = 3, y = 4 (b) x = 3, y = 2 (c) x = 2, y = 3
(d) x = 4, y = 3 (e) x = 2, y = 2
12. Which of the following lines is perpendicular to y = 2x + 3 and has the same intercept as y = 2x – 3?
x x x
(a) y = + 3 (b) y = – – 3 (c) y = – 3
2 2 2
x x
(d) y = – + 3 (e) y = – 4
2 2
13. Find equation of the line passing through (– 2, 4) and having equal intercepts on the x-axis and the
y-axis.
x y
(a) x + y = –1 (b) x + y = 2 (c) + =2
2 2
(d) x + y = 1 (e) Cannot be determined.
14. If points A (a, – 3), B (3, 1) and C (2, 9) are collinear, find the value of a.
(a) 1.2 (b) 2 (c) 2.6 (d) 3.5 (e) 5
15. Determine the point bisecting the point of intersection (4, – 5) and (12, 11).
(a) (–11, 3) (b) (8, 11) (c) (3, 7)
(d) (2, 10) (e) (8, 3)
16. The co-ordinates of four points P, Q, R, S are P (0, – 3) Q (6, 1) R (– 4, – 4) and S (5, 2). Which of the
following is correct?
(a) PQ || RS (b) PR || QR (c) PS || SR
(d) PQ || QR (e) PR || QS
17. A line segment containing the points (0, 0) and (12, 8) will also contain the point
(a) (2, 3) (b) (2, 4) (c) (3, 2)
(d) (3, 4) (e) (4, 3)
18. Find the equation of a line, parallel to y axis, containing point (4, 5).
(a) x = – 4 (b) x = 4 (c) x = 5
(d) x = 2 (e) x + y = 4
19. A straight line passing through the point (3, – 4) and having intercepts, which are equal but of
opposite signs, is represented by
(a) x – y = 7 (b) x + y = 7 (c) x – y = –1
(d) x – y = –7 (e) x + y = 1
20. The distance between C(7,3) and Z(–5,–2) will be
(a) 12 (b) 11 (c) 13 (d) 14 (e) 15
21. The distance between origin and midpoint of A(9, 6) and B(7, 8) will be
 113   113   113 
(a)  8  (b)  4  (c)  2 
     
 113 
(d)  3  (e) 113
 

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GEOMETRY

The Review of Geometry begins with lines & Angles and progresses to other plane figures, such as
polygons, triangles, quadrilaterals and circles along with some basic three dimensional figures.

Lines: A line is defined as a straight line that extends in both directions without ending

Line Segment: A line segment is a part of line that is bounded by two distinct end points and contains
every point on the line between its end points

Intersecting lines: When two lines intersect at a point they form four angles, the angles opposite to each
other are called vertical angles and they are equal. Sum of adjacent angles is equal to 180º

a = c, b = d

a + b = 180, c + d = 180

Parallel Lines:- The lines that lie in a same plane and they never intersect are called parallel lines

If a pair of parallel lines is cut by a transversal

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(i) All the four acute angles are equal

a=d=e=h

(ii) All the four obtuse angles are equal

b=c=f=g

(iii) The alternate interior angles are equal

c = f, d = e

(iv) The alternate exterior angles are equal

a = h, b = g

(v) The vertical angles are equal

a = d, b = c
e = h, g = f

(vi) Sum of adjacent angles is equal to 180º

If a pair of parallel lines is cut by a transversal that is perpendicular to due parallel lines then the all angles
are 90º

Angle:- An angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the sides of the angle, sharing a common end
point, called the vertex of the angle.

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Acute Angles:- The angle that is less than 90º is called acute angle

Obtuse Angles:- The angle that is greater than 90º but less than 180º is called obtuse angle

Right Angle:- An angle that is exactly 90‡ is called right angle.

Straight Angle:-An angle that is exactly 180 is called a straight angle.

Reflex Angle:- an angle that is greater than 180° is called as reflex angle

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Complementary angles:-two angles are called complementary angles if the sum of their measurements
equals 90° degrees

Supplementary Angles:- Two angles are called supplementary angles if the sum of their measurements
equals to 180º degrees.

Angle Bisector:-An angle bisector is a ray that divides an angle into two equal angles.

Polygons:-A simple closed curve made up of only line segments is called a polygon

No. of Sides Vertices Classification Sample figure

3. Triangle

4. Quadrilateral

5. Pentagon

6. Hexagon

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7. Heptagon

8. Octagon

9. Nonagon

*The sum of all interior angles in a polygon is (n – 2)180°.

where n= no. of sides

(n  2)180º
*Each interior angle in a regular polygon is
n

*In a regular polygon all sides and all angles are equal.
*No. of diagonals from one vertex = (n – 3)

n(n  3)
*Total no. of diagonals in a polygon =
2

*Sum of all exterior angles in a polygon is 360º

360º
*Each exterior angle in a regular polygon is =
n

Triangles:

A triangle is a 3 sided polygon formed by intersection of three mutually non-parallel lines

Triangle Properties:-
*Sum of interior angles in a triangle =180º

*Sum of exterior angles = 360º

*Smallest side is always opposite to the smallest interior angle

*Largest side is always opposite to the largest interior angle

*Angles lying opposite to the equal sides are also equal and vice versa

*Sum of any two sides of triangle is always greater than the 3rd Side

*Difference of any two sides of a triangle is always less than the 3rd side.

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*Altitude: An altitude is the perpendicular line drawn from a vertex to its opposite side.

*Median: A median is the line drawn from a vertex to the midpoint of its opposite Side.

Types of Triangle

Equilateral Triangle:- An equilateral triangle is one in which all three sides are equal. All angles in an
equilateral triangle are equal and each angle is 60º

3a2
Area of an equilateral triangle =
4

Isosceles triangle:

The triangle having two sides of equal length is called isosceles triangle.

The angles opposite to the equal sides are also equal.

Scalene triangle:

A triangle having three sides of different lengths is known as scalene triangle. Angles are also unequal.

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Area of a triangle s(s  a)(s  b)(s  c)

a bc
Where s =
2

Acute triangle:

A triangle having three acute (< 90) angles is known as Acute triangle.

Obtuse triangle:

A triangle having an Obtuse angle is known as Obtuse triangle.

Right angle triangle:

if one angle of a triangle is 90°. Then the triangle is known as right angle triangle.

Pythagoras theorem

A right angle triangle has the special property that the sum of the squares of the legs equals the square of
the length of the hypotenuse.

a2 + b2 = c2

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QUADRILATERAL:

Quadrilateral is any 4-sided polygon.

Square:

A square is any quadrilateral with four right angles and four equal sides.

If ‘s’ is side and ‘d‘ is diagonal of the square

Perimeter = 4s
2
d
Area = s2 or
2
Each diagonal of a square is the perpendicular bisector of the other.

Each diagonal have same length. Each diagonal divides the square into two congruent isosceles right angle
triangles.

Length of the diagonal in terms of side = 2S

Rectangle

A rectangle is any quadrilateral with four right angles.

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The diagonals bisect each other and those are of same length.

Area = a × b

Diagonal d = a2  b2

Parallelogram:- A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides is called as parallelogram

Each diagonal cuts the other diagonal into two equal parts

Area = h × b

Perimeter = 2(a + b)

Rhombus:- A quadrilateral with four equal sides is called as rhombus.

Opposite sides are parallel

Opposite angles of a rhombus are equal

The diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right angles

d1d2
Area =
2

Trapezoid:- A quadrilateral with one pair of parallel sides is called Trapezoid.

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Perimeter = a + b + c + d

1
Area = (a + b)h
2

The attitude (h) of a trapezoid is the perpendicular distance between the two bases

Kite:-two pairs of adjacent sides of kite are equal in length

*one pair of opposite angles are equal in size

*one diagonal bisects the other

*diagonal intersect at right angles

(f  g)
Area of kite 
2

Trapezium:- a quadrilateral with no parallel sides is called a trapezium

CIRCLES

Definition:- A circle is the locus of all points equidistant from a center point (which is called origin of a
circle)

Radius(r):- Distance from center of circle to any point on it

Diameter(d):- The longest distance from one end of a circle to the other

(or)

A line segment joining any two points on the circle and passing through the center of the circle

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Chord:- A line segment within a circle that touches to points on the circle the distance around the circle

Circumference = 2r or d

Area = 2r2

Arc:- A cured line that is part of the circumference of a circles

Tangent:- A line that touches the outer boundary of a circle at a single a tangent is always 1st to the radius
at that point

Properties of circles:-

*The diameter of a circle is the longest chord in the circle

*Perpendicular bisector of the chord passes through the center of the circle

*Equal chords subtend equal angles at the center

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*The product of the intercepts of intersecting chords are equal

*equal chords are equal distance from the centre.

* when two circles intersects, the line joining their centers bisects the common chord at right angle.

*The angle at the center is twice the angle at the circumference standing on the same arc

*The angle in s semi circle is a right angle.

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*Angles on the circumference standing on the same arc are equal

*The angle between a tangent and radius drawn to the point of contact is 90º

*Two tangents drawn to a circle from a point outside are equal an length

Sector:- The area between two radius and an arc of the circle


Length of the arc   2r
360


Area of the circle =  r2
360

*The opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral one supplementary

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*The exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to its interior opposite angles

*The angle formed by a tangent with a chord drawn to the point of contact is equal to any angle in the
alternate segment

THREE DIMENSIONAL FIGURES

3D geometry deals with volume and surface area of different 3D–figures the question related on 3D
geometry is mainly on cube, cuboid, cylinder and sphere

Cuboid:-

*Cuboid has six rectangular surfaces called faces

*Each line segment that is the intersection of two faces is called an edge

*each point at which the edges intersects is called vertex

*There are 12 edges and 8 vertices

The dimensions or a cuboid are the length l, breadth b, height h

Volume of cuboid = l * b * h

Surface area = 2(lb + bh + lh)

Diagonal (l2  b2  h2 )

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