1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

I ________ studying 10 years ago (To finish) ________ you my daughter? I can't find her (To see) I ________ a very interesting book about the Spanish Empire (recientemente) (To finish) I ________ the watch that my wife gave me on our honeymoon (To lose) This morning I ________ to the Spanish Embassy in Paris (To be) (todava es por la maana) They ________ five years ago in Naples (To get married) Today I ________ a programme on television about Africa (To watch) This is the first time I ________ to the Theatre (To be) Today I ________ tennis with my nephew (To play) My mother is not at home, she ________ to the school to speak to my teacher (To go) Where have you been this afternoon? I ________ to a restaurant with my wife (To be) When I ________ to London I visited the National Gallery (To go) A while ago I ________ a very interesting book about Islamic culture (To read) I ________ four men yesterday morning near my office (To see) This year I ________ my studies (To finish) When I was a child I ________ tennis with my dad (To play) Your boss ________ you yesterday evening (To phone) Today I ________ my father several times but I haven't been able to contact him (To phone) (todava es por la maana) Americans ________ to the Moon in 1969 (To go) A few days ago I ________ a very interesting programme on television about hunting(To watch) I went to the Russian Circus when I ________ Moscow (To visit) I already ________ too much. I should stop now because I have to drive later (To drink) Oh! I ________ my watch. Have you seen it? (To lose) Last Friday I ________ a lot at my friends wedding. I couldn't drive back home (To drink)

The present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished:I have seen three movies this week. (This week has not finished yet.) The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished:I saw three movies last week. (Last week has finished.) The present perfect is often used when giving recent news: Martin has crashed his car again. (This is new information.) The simple past is used when giving older information: Martin crashed his car last year. (This is old information.) The present perfect is used when the time is not specific: I have seen that movie already. (We don't know when.) The simple past is used when the time is clear: I saw that movie on Thursday. (We know exactly when.) The present perfect is used with for and since, when the actions have not finished yet: I have lived in Victoria for five years. (I still live in Victoria.) The simple past is used with for and since, when the actions have already finished: I lived in Victoria for five years. (I don't live in Victoria now.) Present Perfect Tense: Simple Past vs Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous

Simple Past 1. The simple past is used to talk about completed actions in the past 2. The simple past is often used with expressions that refer to points of time in the past At 4 o'clock/2.12/the end of year/Christmas On Tuesday/19th March/the 21st/New Year's Day In January/1999/the 1990s/summer no prepositions yesterday/yesterday morning/last Monday/next April/a few days ago/ the day before yesterday/when I was young

Present perfect simple 3. Present perfect is used to talk about a present situation which is a result of something that happened at an unspecified time in the past. Therefore we do not use specific time expression such as yesterday, last week, etc. I have given your article about networking to professor. (I gave him your article and he has it now.) 4. The present perfect is often used with the word just to talk about actions that have taken place very recently. The exact time is not mentioned. You cannot meet Mrs Jones. She has just left. Notice. The difference between have been and have gone I am afraid Mrs. Jones as not here at the moment. She has gone to the meeting in Brussels. (She is still at the meeting.) Anita has been to the travel agent. She has her tickets for USA. (She went to the travel agent and has returned.) 5. The present prefect is often used with the words ever and never to talk about general life experience. Have you ever worked abroad. (i.e., In all your life up to now?) I have never been to China. (i.e., Not in all your life up to now.) The present perfect with ever is often followed by the simple past. We use the simple past to give more information about completed action, when referring to a specific time or context. Have you ever been in Malaysia? Yes, I have. I was in Kuala Lumpur at INET'97 when I worked in KPI. 6. The present perfect is often used with already and yet. Already is used in positive sentences. It often indicates that something has taken place slightly earlier that expected. She has already printed this page. (Note. NOT: She has printed already...) Yet is used in negatives and questions. It shows that we expect an action will take place if it has not happened up to now.

Have you talked to Peter yet? (Note. NOT: Have you talked yet to Peter?) I have not talked to him yet. (Note. NOT: I have not talked yet to him.) 7. The present perfect is often used with prepositions or prepositional phrases indicating periods of time that have not finished yet. Common examples are: today, this morning, this month, this year, so far, to date, over the last few weeks, up to now, etc. This week we have received a lot of enquiries about our new web site. (The week has not finished yet, and there may be more enquiries.) If we are speaking about a situation after one of these time periods, we use the simple past because we are referring to a period of time that has finished. Have you seen John this morning? (It is now 10.30 in the morning; and the morning has not finished.) Did you see John this morning. (It is now 3.00 in the afternoon; the morning has finished.) 8. Stative verbs + for and since The present perfect simple is often used with for and since and stative verbs to talk about things that began in the past and have continued up to now. I have known about the plans to spin off this service from the company. (And I know now.) 9. We use for to talk about the duration of a period of time and since to talk about when a period started For ten minutes/six days/two months/three years/ a long time/ages/etc.

Since 9.30/Monday/the 14th/last week/August/1998/I graduated from university/etc. I have been with my department for three years. I have been in Internet technologies since 1992. 10. How long ...?, for and since To ask questions about periods of time, we can use How long ...? + the present perfect How long have you been in Amsterdam? I have been here since September / for six months. Note. COMMON MISTAKE: We do not use the present simple tense with for and since to talk about something which began in the past and has gone on up to the present. WRONG: I am here since January. RIGHT: I have been here since January. 11. Negatives We can use the present perfect negative to talk about the amount of time that has passed between now and last time something happened. We haven't received any messages from him for several months / since the last working group meeting. 12. Completed actions over a period of time If we talk about a completed action (particularly if we give details about how much, how many, etc.), we can use the present perfect and since (but not for). We can also use other phrases of duration such as to date, recently, over the past two years, etc. The action itself is finished, but the period of time extends up to the present. The Commission has launched three new programs since December. Present perfect simple vs Present perfect continuous 13. Unfinished activities

Present perfect continuous is used with for, since, and How long ...? and other expressions of duration (e.g., all month), to talk about activities that started happening in the past and are still happening now. The activity may have been going on continuously or repeated several times. They have been coordinating network development for 5 years. (They started coordinating 5 years ago . They are still coordinating network developement.) However, we normally use the present perfect simple with the stative verbs, or about a situation we consider permanent. I have lived in Kiev all my life (NOT: I have been living ...) 14. Finished and unfinished activities We use the present perfect simple if we are talking about a completed action, particularly if we give details of how much or how many. we use the present perfect continuous when something is still going on. I've written a report for Peter. (It is finished.) I've been writing a report about international characters usage. (I am still writing it.) 15. Negatives: Present perfect simple vs Present perfect continuous In the negative, the focus on the present perfect simple is on the amount of time that has passed since something happened. The focus of the present perfect continuous is on the verb itself. I haven't met him for six months. (The last time was six months ago.) I haven't been feeling well recently. (This has been continuing for days.) 16. Recently finished activities We use present perfect continuous to talk about an activity that was in progress, but has just finished. Normally there is some evidence. The ground is very wet. It has been raining. Simple Past vs Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous The Simple Past We normally use the simple past to talk about actions that took place at a time that is separated from the present. It is used with expressions like yesterday, on Monday, last week, in 1998, etc. We can use the simple past and for to talk about something that happened during a period that has now finished. The present perfect is used to talk about the present result of past actions and recent events, and often used with words like ever, never, just, already, yet, and phrases of unfinished time such as so far. The present perfect can be used with for and since and stative verbs, or to refer to actions that are seen as long term or permanent. We use for to talk about the duration of the period of time and since to talk about the starting point of an action or state. It is also used in the negatives with for and since to talk about the last time something took place It is used with since to talk about completed action. The present perfect continuous can be used with for and since to talk about activities that have gone on Last month Vodafon launched a takeover bid for Airtouch. He did his PhD at Delft Technical University. He lived in Amsterdam for five years; then he came back to England. A2000 has cut installation price for Internet over TV cable network by 30%. Have you ever tried Swiss wine. I have been with my department for three years. I have been in Internet technologies since 1992.

The Present Perfect Simple The Present Perfect Simple + for andsince

The Present Perfect

I haven't met him for six month. I haven't been feeling well recently. The Commission has launched three new programs since December. The Commission has been coordinating network development for 5

Continuous

repeatedly or continuously for a period of time, and are still going on.

years.

Present perfect continuous (Remember that British and American English have different rules for the use of the present perfect. The comments and the exercises here refer to correct grammar for British English. In American English, it is often considered acceptable to use the past simple in some of these examples.)

The past simple is used to talk about actions in the past that have finished. It talks about 'then' and definitely excludes 'now'. The present perfect simple to look back on actions in the past from the present. It always includes 'now'. These sentences are in the past with no connection to the present.

y y y

I first got to know him 10 years ago. I started work here in 1989. I had too much to eat at lunchtime.

Now look at these same situations seen from the present.

y y y

I've known him for 10 years. I've worked here since 1987. My stomach hurts. I've eaten too much.

We use time expressions like 'yesterday', 'ago', 'last year', 'in 1999' with the past simple.

y y y y

We spoke to him yesterday. He came in a few moments ago. We made our last purchase from them over a year ago. She joined the company in 1999.

We use time expressions like are 'ever', 'never', 'since' with the present perfect.

y y y

I've never seen so many people here before. Have you ever been more surprised? I've done a lot since we last talked about it.

Typical time expressions used with the present perfect in British English but often used with the past simple in American English are 'already', 'just', 'yet'.

y y y y

I haven't done it yet. (UK) I didn't do it yet. (US) I've just done it. (UK) I just did it. (US) I've already done it. (UK)

I already did it. (US)

We can use the time phrase 'for' with both forms, but with different meanings. I lived in Paris for a couple of years before I moved here. I've lived in Paris for a couple of years and still love it. Gramtica Ambos tiempos describen acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, si bien presentan ciertas diferencias: a) Past Simple

y y

y y y

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

- Accin que se desarroll y finaliz en el pasado, sin que se de ninguna informacin sobre cual ha sido su repercusin en el tiempo presente. When I was young I played tennis (no nos da ninguna infomacin sobre si en la actualidad sigo jugando al tenis o no) - Accin que se desarroll y complet en un periodo de tiempo ya finalizado. This morning I had a very tense meeting with my boss (ya es por la tarde, la maana ha finalizado) Yesterday I went to the cinema with my friends b) Presente Perfect - Accin que se inici en el pasado y que an contina desarrollndose. I have worked in this bank for ten years (todava contino en el banco) - Accin que acaba de finalizar. I have missed my train (lo acabo de perder) - Accin que se ha desarrollado en un periodo de tiempo que an no ha terminado. This morning I has had a very tense meeting with my boss (an es por la maana) Today I have visited my parents (el da todava no ha finalizado) - Accin desarrollada en el pasado pero cuya repercusin an se manifiesta en el tiempo presente. My brother has broken his glasses (las gafas se han roto recientemente y siguen rotas) Comparar con la siguiente oracin: My brother broke his glasses (no sabemos si las gafas ya estn arregladas o no) Para terminar, sealar que en ocasiones las diferencias entre estos dos tiempos no son muy ntidas, y de hecho en algunos casos cabra utilizar cualquiera de ellos.

Simple Past Present Perfect Simple Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

irregular verbs: see 2nd column of irregular verbs Example: I spoke

irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken

regular verbs: infinitive + ed Example: I worked

regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked Exceptions

Exceptions when adding 'ed':

when the final letter is e, only add d Example: love - loved

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled Example: admit - admitted

final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English) Example: travel - travelled

after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - worried but: play played See also explanations on Simple Past and Present Perfect Simple

Use In British English, the use of Simple Past and Present Perfect is quite strict. As soon as a time expression in the past is given, you have to use Simple Past. If there are no signal words, you must decide if we just talk about an action in the past or if its consequence in the present is important. Note that the following explanations and exercises refer to British English only. In American English, you can normally use Simple Past instead of Present Perfect. We cannot accept this in our exercises, however, as this would lead to confusions amongst those who have to learn the differences. Certain time in the past or just / already / yet? Do you want to express that an action happened at a certain time in the past (even if it was just a few seconds ago) or that an action has just / already /not yet happened?

Simple Past

Present Perfect Simple

certain time in the past Example: I phoned Mary 2 minutes ago.

just / already / not yet Example: I have just phoned Mary.

Certain event in the past or how often so far? Do you want to express when a certain action took place or whether / how often an action has happened till now?

Simple Past certain event in the past Example: He went to Canada last summer.

Present Perfect Simple whether / how often till now Example: Have you ever been to Canada? / I have been to Canada twice.

Emphasis on action or result?

Do you just want to express what happened in the past? Or do you want to emphasise the result (a past action's consequence in the present)?

Simple Past

Present Perfect Simple

Emphasis on action Example: I bought a new bike. (just telling what I did in the past.)

Emphasis on result Example: I have bought a new bike. (With this sentence I actually want to express that I have a new bike now.)

Signal Words Simple Past Present Perfect Simple

    

yesterday ... ago in 1990 the other day last ...

       

just already up to now until now / till now ever (not) yet so far lately / recently

Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple). 1. 2. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you / wash) ______________ the dishes yet? Daughter: I (wash) _________________ the dishes yesterday, but I (have / not) ______________ the time yet to do it today. 3. 4. 5. 6. Mother: (you / do / already) ________________________ your homework? Daughter: No, I (come / just) __________________________ home from school. Mother: You (come) ______________________ home from school two hours ago! Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) __________________ when I (arrive) _______________ and I (finish / just) _______________________ the phone call. 7. 8. Mother: (you / see / not) ____________________ Lucy at school in the morning? Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not) ____________________________ time to talk then.

1.

Mother: I want to prepare dinner. Have you washed

the dishes yet?

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Daughter: I washed the dishes yesterday, but I have not had Mother: Have you already done Daughter: No, I have just come Mother: You came your homework? home from school.

the time yet to do it today.

home from school two hours ago! the phone call.

Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy called when I arrived and I have just finished Mother: Didn't you see Lucy at school in the morning? time to talk then.

Daughter: Yes, but we did not have

Present Perfect and Past Simple tenses

We use the Past Simple tense to talk about a definite finished time in the past. For example: when, yesterday, last week, when I was at school, then, after etc. Examples I finished university three years ago. Where did we first meet? I didn't study French at school. We use the Present Perfect tense with time references that refer to the time up to now. For example: today, this week, this month, ever, never, already, recently, yet etc. Examples I haven't seen her today. Have you ever smoked a cigarette? I have never been abroad before. Present Perfect and Past Simple - time references Exercise. Do we usually use the Present Perfect or the Past Simple tenses with the following time references? a long time ago since we last met Yet after I got married Lately this month the day before yesterday

last night since last weekend at the weekend

Present Perfect and Past Simple - Practice Exercise. Chose the most suitable tense - the Present Perfect or the Past Simple.

She has studied very well at school. She studied very well at school. Have you ever visited Italy? Did you ever visit Italy? Thomas Edison has invented the light bulb. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. How long have you had this job? How long did you have this job? I have never smoked a cigarette ever since. I didn't smoke a cigarette ever since. Charlie Chaplin has made a lot of films. Charlie Chaplin made a lot of films. When have you last been to the cinema? When did you last go to the cinema? It's the best car I've ever had. It's the best car I ever had. How many times have you been married? How many times were you married? We haven't had lunch yet. We didn't have lunch yet.