WAVE OPTICS gm,
Covpuscle — Tiny balls
2. These Cospuscles ewih Lym Soyer.
of light ond tavel with high. velovity
Note > I+ could onl Exblaim Rerlecti
It iy
ond Retrachion, J “
Huygen wave theory-
* In 1678, huygen suggested that light travels in the form of longitudinal waves
just as sound
propagates through air.
* He proposed that there pervades an hypothetical medium in whole universe alled
Ether)But
later on it was proved wrong a5 nature or light is transverse.
« This theory could successfully explain Reflection, refraction, diffraction,
interference &
Polarization of light.
Failure of wave theory
According to huyjgen wave theory light is a longitudinal wave
but in reality it is a transverse wave.
SS
According to this theory speed of light is greater in denser
medium than rarer medium but
wavefront
wave front is defined as the locus of all such particles which are
oscillating in same phase.Normal to the wave front gives the direction of
propagation of wave.at same time
aS
Huy gen’ Ss Seto
wavele? Thea (Most Lrportont
1: me boivt act
qv wave Lyant ot ar tr Aource of disturbance
One) fess its own wave (olleel & wavele? oy wavele?.
2. In home oqenaus_wediues medium Secondary wavelet Spsead with same.
Speed mM
aL Ainjecdvon.
3. Tangent drawn in fewer dijudio om Steonderny wavelet ives
Types of wave front
@ Spherical Wavefront —> Point source
—_—_—_—_—_——___ —_—_—
@ Plane wavefront -— _ Source at infinity
@ Cylindrical wavefront —» Thin rectangular strip /
linear source
_—_
Lintes Source
i
“ojo
Prove law of Reflection of light on the basis of Huygeris, wave theory.
Deviole eg V by @
sini = A y Bs
Bo Sint Ae ck
LOS N
P fein ae Q Suni 17
hire. AA'= c} I Tin 2
Bp' = ch “on BARB Sum) = oin¥
RBB'= Vit
AA‘ = Vo}
Prove law of Refraction on the basis of Huygens Wave theory. (from Rarer to Denser)
AAl= Volt (ean) Deide ea 0) by (2)
V, >My i x
—_
wet Be
BB! = Vit
Supa ositoy rincple of Wave
The vesultomt displacement due to nue etwas is the vector
Tum dh laceement roduced
4 d= 4 rt A3t--- +t, (o~"
wrals
Iutojamee of hight
Duper posthon|meetng) of Same fequence ak Sore amp ty de wave w
Same duecoon. ae fA
Crest + Crest |
Necessary condition for constructive Interference
phase difference |o ,27, __.. Gn Di by Viz 0,1,2, 3
path difference “fo. 4, 2A.34- np <—_
,2,3
aie
27 400 CT
Necessary condition for Destructive ora
phase difference O 37, Si.
path difference _, Os 5A ee
— O,1,2 2 2.
Prove that Intensity of light at any point vary from 0 to
Lt Tnjensity of both souvas i& Same Se,[T)=I2=7
Ty = It Tat 2 {T, IT, Cos
ar eer”
Ip = I[tZt2]I osx
te = 21(|tus¢)A)
(Minimum ) | am
or es pu tire intenportence [B= TT
Ip => 27 (I+@srr)
Jj +i+t 21 Cos
te
Ig= YI os
wa
Interference of wave by young's Double slit experiment
Fringe iol E=4p
on im mons YDSE apporvatwe a
iktbaa
\ ni
(
Necessary condition for YDSE-
* The conditions for the interference of light are as wonder. )
(i) In interference the source of light should be monochromatic. —
(ii) Here waves should be of the same frequency. .-— ®
(iii) Direction of waves should also be the same.-~ }
liv) The amplitudes of both the waves should also be the same. .-—~
iv} The slits of both the sources should be thin.
‘_Coherent Sources (~~ .
* Coherent source of light are those sources which emit a light wave having the
same frequency,
wavelength and in the same phase or they have a constant phase difference
K If one of the slit width is\four times|of another then find the ratio
of maximum and minimum Intensity of fringe s
a.We
Twa _ Oe
Iie. : o+ | a
a ~ y—)
Win,
2+|\>
Oma x = =r)
Om q: }
Timox _ 9
Diffraction of light-
+ Diffraction of light is the phenomenon of bending of light around the corners of
an obstacle and
t th trical shad
entering in the geometrical sha n. nt iby
* Diffraction of light is more effective or noticeable when opening or obstacle is
of order of wavelength
of light. Senn . _
« Alternate pattenn of bright and dark fringe is formed on screen of decreasing
intensity \.
* Central fringe is brightest of all, . Le
we
At
(3) Total linear width
og Condra) maxina
2x= 2AD
Q
