St.
Gabriel Academy
ORAL COMMUNICATION
IN CONTEXT
GABRIELANS
UNIT I:
UNDERSTANDING
COMMUNICATION
lesson I:
EXPLORING
THE
NATURE
OF
COMMUNICATION
WHAT DO YOU THINK OF
WHEN YOU HEAR THE
WORD
COMMUNICATION ?
COMMUNICATION
Is about one person talking with another such as with a
sibling, a parent, a teacher, or a friend, face to face or
even via the Internet.
It is also a group of people talking to one another to solve a
problem, for example, discussing with classmates about how
a report should be done.
Even buying a snack from a vendor outside the school
campus is considered communication.
COMMUNICATION
Is stirring up ideas in the mind of another. It is sharing of
ideas among a group of people. It is imparting concepts
to an audience.
Monroe and Ehninger (1974) described it as the sharing
of experiences publicly for the common good.
Criteria in grading the essay:
ACTIVITY # 1
Content – 5 points
Cohesiveness – 3 points
Sentence construction – 2 points
Reflective Essay:
What is communication?
ACTIVITY # 2
Mind Mapping:
Create a mind map to summarize all “communication”
COMMUNICATION
WEEKLY TASK
FIVE GROUPS
- role playing, Students presentation will be grade
based on the following criteria:
- tableau,
Content – 50 points
- song, Organization of Ideas and Clarity of the
subject matter – 20 points
- dance, and Cohesiveness – 20 points
Appearance and Presentation – 10
- reporting about COMMUNICATION points
- Create a 3 – 5 minutes presentation
MODELS
OF
COMMUNICATION
WHAT IS THE BEST WAY
TO COMMUNICATE?
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Who was a teacher of rhetoric
and who even put up an
academy to produce good
speakers.
Focuses on the speech or
the message which is
dictated by the setting.
SHANNON-WEAVER’S
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Involves the concept of “noise” that interferes with communication.
WILBUR SCHRAMM
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
Transformed the message into the signal which passed from the
source to the destination.
EUGENE WHITE’S
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
The concept of feedback which is the response of the listener as
monitored by the speaker.
SEATWORK #1
1.In Eugene White’s Model of Communication, he introduces the
concept of ______ which is the ___________ of the Listener as
monitored by the Speaker.
2.Schramm’s Model transforms the Message into the ________ ,
which is passed from the Source to the ___________ .
3.Aristotle’s Model of Communication focuses on the Speech or
the Message which is distracted by the ___________ .
4.The Telephone Model of __________ and ________ talks about the
concept of “noise” which inteferes with communication.
5.The best way to understand ___________ is to see it __________ .
ACTIVITY #2
DRAW THE MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION IN A SHORT BOND
PAPER.
GROUP ACTIVITY
Students presentation will be grade based on the
following criteria:
Content – 50 points
Organization of Ideas and Clarity of the subject matter –
20 points
Cohesiveness – 20 points
Appearance and Presentation – 10 points
ELEMENTS
OF
COMMUNICATION
SPEAKER
Chooses his or her purpose
Crafts the message accordingly
Decides how to deliver it
MESSAGE
Is what needs to be delivered or
imparted to somebody else.
Central to the process because
the point of communicating is to
say “something”
The message to be sent is based
on why the speaker wants to say
it (to inform or to persuade)
LISTENER
Receives the message
CHANNELS
Means by which the message
is sent or received.
Ears, Eyes, Skin, Mouth and
Nose.
A message is sent and
received via the senses.
RESPONSE
Is the only way the speaker
knows that the message has
been received.
The response is, of course,
based on the interpretation of
the message by the listener.
FEEDBACK
Is the result of the speaker’s
monitoring of the listener’s
response.
NOISE
Is any barrier to communication.
Physical Noise – actual noise
Physiological Noise – the body
becomes a hindrance to good
communication.
Psychological Noise – occurs
when one is thinking deeply
about something or is suffering
from an emotional condition.
COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION
Physical location –
chosen for the purpose it
will serve.
Psychological setting –
depends on who the
participants are.
A.What is the B.Who/What C.What is the D.Who is the E. Is “noise” F.Is feedback
communicati is message intended possible?
ve situation? speaker/sour being sent? listener or
ce of the receiver?
message?
The The alarm The message The intended In this case, Feedback from
communicati clock ringing being sent by listener or the sound the alarm clock
ve situation is is the source the sound of reciever is of the is not possible
(hearing and) of the the alarm the person alarm is without
waking up to message. clock is that it for whom the not intervention or
the sound of is time to alarm clock considered action from the
an alarm wake up. was set. noise person who
clock. because it heard the sound
is what is (unless the
needed for alarm is set to
the person turn off
to wake up. automatically)
a. a, a. a. a. a.
b. b. b. b. b. b.
QUIZ # 1
1. WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
2 – 10. EXPLAIN THE MODELS OF COMMUNICATION.
(2 POINTS EACH)
11 – 18. WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION?
19. EXPLAIN WHAT IS NOISE?
20. WHAT ARE THE TWO COMPONENTS OF
COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION?
EXPLAINING THE
DIMENSIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
WHY DO YOU THINK
MISUNDERSTANDINGS
OCCUR IN
COMMUNICATION?
VERBAL/NONVERBAL DIMENSIONS
-encompass the use of language
-the words chosen (verbal dimension)
-facial expressions, gestures, and bodily
movement (nonverbal dimension)
ORAL/WRITTEN DIMENSIONS
-spoken communication
(oral dimension)
-transcription of thoughts and ideas
(written dimension)
FORMAL/INFORMAL DIMENSIONS
-speak of the factors that may or may not highlight
traditional and conventional communication.
-The formal dimension usually means the meticulous
observation of appropriateness in attire, language, and
setting, while the informal dimension is the opposite.
INTENTIONAL/UNINTENTIONAL
DIMENSIONS
-rely on the fact that messages always have
a purpose.
-There is an intention when people
communicate with others.
CONSIDERING
THE INFLUENCE OF
CULTURE
ON THE
DIMENSIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
WHY CULTURE IS
IMPORTANT IN
COMMUNICATION?
VERBAL/NONVERBAL DIMENSIONS
In the Philippine society,
when to talking to someone, especially a
person of authority, a slight nod or bow and
downcast eyes are signs of courtesy.
Looking straight at them is considered rude
and frowned upon.
VERBAL/NONVERBAL DIMENSIONS
In Western society,
avoid looking at people in the eye or looking
down or around while talking to them is often
taken to mean that one is not telling the truth or
hiding something.
VERBAL/NONVERBAL DIMENSIONS
In Thailand,
The King’s chair is higher than everybody
else’s.
Teachers’ chairs are also higher than those
of the students. This is to show their authority
and to command respect.
ORAL/WRITTEN DIMENSIONS
Culturally, Filipinos are fond of being very
wordy in written communication, often times
beating around the bush, even in formal
letters and sometimes in e-mail.
We tend to be just as wordy and employ
circumlocution when writing and giving
speech.
ORAL/WRITTEN DIMENSIONS
Many like to use highfalutin and
polysyllabic words. Westerners are more
direct in speaking and write simpler
letters because they find longwinded
letters and circuitous speeches tedious
and boring.
FORMAL/INFORMAL DIMENSIONS
Filipinos, a speech still depends on
whether one views the communicative
situation as formal or informal.
Knowing this helps one to act accordingly
in the preparation of the message and in
responding to it.
FORMAL/INFORMAL DIMENSIONS
When a student is speaking to the
principal, calling the principal by his or
her first name is not likely to be
preferred or appreciated; neither is
speaking with the principal as though he
or she is of the same age as the student.
FORMAL/INFORMAL DIMENSIONS
Some priests and professors, of
course, give permission to be called
by their first names, and they
encourage people to talk to them as
though they are their friends.
INTENTIONAL/UNINTENTIONAL
DIMENSIONS
Scenario:
Burning up with fever and hardly able to
stand, you took the last seat in the MRT,
even as an old woman was trying to take
that seat, too. The woman and other
passengers look at you sharply.
INTENTIONAL/UNINTENTIONAL
DIMENSIONS
In the Philippines (even in other countries),
your act shows discourtesy that reflects
badly on you (and your parents). But you
only intended to sit down (and you did
because you really needed to), and it was
unintended that you took the seat of the old
woman.
SEATWORK
State if the following use verbal, nonverbal, oral, written, formal, informal,
intentional or unintentional dimensions.
1. Pointing your lips at something or someone. (N/V)
2. Talking on your mobile phone as though you can be seen by the
listener. (O/W)
3. Chatting online with a parent who is overseas. (F/I)
4. Presenting a group project that you finished by yourself. (I/U)
5. Whispering to a child to be respectful to and elderly visitor. (I/U)
CONSIDERING
THE INFLUENCE OF
GENDER
ON THE
DIMENSIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
VERBAL/NONVERBAL DIMENSIONS
Men think they should be “macho” in
language and action.
Women are expected to be non-
confrontational in their language, especially
with men.
They are supposed to talk only about certain
topics that are within the world of women.
VERBAL/NONVERBAL DIMENSIONS
But today, women can be loud
and assertive, live comedian and
political activist Juana Change,
who does not mince her words
when it comes to politics.
On the other hand, men can talk
about their feelings, even cry in
public, like Christian pop singer
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
9z7ygKd7Pkk/Uafucbb2npI/AAAAAAAAQV0/dFIZPAoyf3Y/s40
0/mae+paner.jpg
Gary Valenciano. https://asset.onemusic.ph/assetsonemusicph/media/arti
cles/1566989190_viber-image-2019-08-27-15-28-54.jpg
ORAL/WRITTEN DIMENSIONS
Written messages by Filipino
women are supposed to be
indirect and circuitous.
At present, with access to mass
media and social media-both as
reader and writer-Filipino
women write beyond what once
thought to be safe topics for
http://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/1004/9308/articles/16.jpg?v
=1588816241
women. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/be/Flor_co
ntemplacion_story_movie_poster.jpg
FORMAL/INFORMAL DIMENSIONS
In many cases, a female
teacher rather than a male
teacher will be the choice of
students when disclosing
their problems because
students probably feel that
female teachers are more
sympathetic. https://i.pinimg.com/originals/e9/ca/db/e9cadbe461880de401d83cfa33d
a860b.png
https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTlIokxgxfkh8eiimT5TIgGq7
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INTENTIONAL/UNINTENTIONAL DIMENSIONS
Filipinos love to smile a lot.
However, smiles may express
different emotions, not just
happiness. A student smiling
during an exam may make the
teacher think that the exam is
easy. On the contrary, that smile
may mean nervousness about
being able to answer all the https://turismomismo.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/smiling_filipino_kids-
1.jpg
questions or not. https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/happy-island-family-picture-
id136253787?k=20&m=136253787&s=612x612&w=0&h=3qvR04IR
PkMfIvzP2LvCv4YgNKSwHPDD_ecvftKcfKs=
Explain how culture and gender affects dimensions of
communication.
CULTURE GENDER
DIMENSIONS OF COMMUNICATION
VERBAL/NONVERBAL DIMENSIONS
ORAL/WRITTEN DIMENSIONS
FORMAL/INFORMAL DIMENSIONS
INTENTIONAL/UNINTENTIONAL
DIMENSIONS
NONVERBAL
MISCOMMUNICATION
TYPES OF NONVERBAL MISCOMMUNICATION
Paralanguage
Language of flowers
Language of colors
Language of time (chronemics)
Language of space (proxemics)
Language of touch (haptics)
Language of gestures
Facial expression
Posture and personal appearance
TYPES OF NONVERBAL MISCOMMUNICATION
Paralanguage
- is about the “how” something is said, not what is said.
Language of flowers
- Flowers say, for many of us, what we cannot say ourselves. These
meanings are also influenced by culture and gender.
Language of colors
- have certain meanings based on the dictates of culture and gender.
TYPES OF NONVERBAL MISCOMMUNICATION
Language of time (chronemics)
- shows how time is viewed differently in various countries.
Language of space (proxemics)
- use of space provides us with ideas about how close or how far
people are from the center of power or where a person is in the
social ladder.
Language of touch (haptics)
- use of touch is one of the most powerful of the types of nonverbal
communication.
TYPES OF NONVERBAL MISCOMMUNICATION
Gestures
- the most often used type of nonverbal communication. Speech, to be
understandable and interesting to a listener, must be accompanied by different
gestures.
Facial Expression
- assists the listener in understanding the message better.
Posture and personal appearance
- how one stands or sits in communicative situations tells the
people around how one sees oneself as a speaker, one’s attitude
toward the message, and how one looks at the listener.
UNDERSTANDING VERBAL
MISCOMMUNICATION
Miscommunication has been observed to occur
along the dimension of communication.
Moreover, in the verbal dimension, the words
chosen and used for the message and the context
in which they are used also to communication
being effective or not.
The first barrier is the people
themselves who are participating in the
interaction.
They may have physical infirmities such as
poor hearing, bad eyesight, or stuttering; they
have personal opinions and belief; they follow
cultural mores (the accepted customs, values,
and behaviors of a particular group); or they
adhere to society’s attitudes towards gender
and sexuality, business practices, religious
belief, and so on. These can lead to their
inability to deliver, listen to, and respond
appropriately to the message.
OPINIONS & BELIEFS
affect our message or response.
TOPIC
may also present possible barriers to
communication because of its vagueness or
ambiguity, complexity, emotional pull, and hidden
agenda.
COMMUNICATIVE SITUATION
there is “noise” in the physical setting and in the
participants themselves.
LEARNING
THE FUNCTIONS
OF
COMMUNICATION
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
REGULATION/CONTROL
if the speaker’s purpose is to control others by
managing their behavior
SOCIAL INTERACTION
the most familiar and the primary reason why
people communicate
Conversing with one another pleases and
entertains them while passing time.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
MOTIVATION
speaker’s purpose is to persuade or try to
persuade another person to change his or
her opinion, attitude, or behavior .
where the speaker simply directs others
and insists on his or her own agenda.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
INFORMATION
used when the speaker wants to make others aware
of a certain data, concepts, and processes –
knowledge that may be useful to them.
This may be something as serious as knowing what
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
virus is and how to avoid getting it.
FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
the speaker appeals to the listener’s
feelings and emotions to encourage him or
her to act in particular direction.
ASSIGNMENT
1. (FAMILY MEMBER)
a. Interaction with ______________________
b. Interaction about _____________________
c. Function used was ____________________
ENHANCING COMPETENCE IN USING
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
the speaker appeals to the listener’s
feelings and emotions to encourage him or
her to act in particular direction.
ENHANCING COMPETENCE IN USING
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
Communication is divided into certain level
based on the number of participants in the
process.
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION means
one person (yourself) is both communicator
and receiver.
ENHANCING COMPETENCE IN USING
COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION involves
more than one person, from two (such as
in dyadic communication) to many
persons (such as in group discussion or
public communication)
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
communicating with oneself
the speaker and the listener are the
same: you
You send the message to yourself and
you yourself receive that message.
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
communication which involves more
than one person
Communication is always intentional
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
1. DYADIC COMMUNICATION
Involves only two participants forming
a dyad.
one speaker and one listener come
together to exchange thoughts, ideas,
opinions, and information
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
2. SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION
Requires from 3-15 people to study an
issue, discuss a problem, and come up
with a solution or a plan.
The group has an agenda, a leader, and
an outcome to accomplish.
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
3. PUBLIC COMMUNICATION
Is different from dyadic or small group
communication in that one speaker
addresses many listeners, collectively
known as an audience.
Public communication events are
formal
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
4. MASS COMMUNICATION
Used to mean only radio and
television, which reached more people
with the use of technical systems.
Social media serves as a platform for viral
videos as well as webcasts/podcasts that
can reach more people
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
5. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Interaction of members along the
links in an organizational structure
Formal organizational communication
uses the proper channels graphically
illustrated by an organizational chart.
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
6. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
Exchange of concepts, traditions,
values, and practices between and
among people of different
nationalities and ways of life.
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES
1. INTIMATE STYLE
Is a non-public speech style that uses
private vocabulary and includes
nonverbal messages
Without “correct linguistic forms”
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES
2. CASUAL STYLE
Used among friends and
acquiantances that do not require
background information
Use of slang is common and
interruptions occur often
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES
3. CONSULTATIVE STYLE
Is the opposite of the intimate style because
this style is used precisely among people who
do not share common experiences or meaning
Does not preclude disclosure of background
information later to become the basis of
shared meaning
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES
4. FORMAL STYLE
Is used only for imparting information.
The speech is well-organized and correct in
grammar diction
Technical vocabulary and exact definitions are
important in the formal style, such as
presentations
LEARNING THE TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES
5. FROZEN STYLE
Is a formal style whose quality is static,
ritualistic, and may even be archaic.
Is exemplified by prayers that have been
recited in same way for years
Allegiance or Panatang Makabayan
Oath of Office of any officer (Student Council or Philippine Government)
