APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
TASK 7
SUBMITTED BY:
MUHAMMAD WALEED RIAZ
CLASS:
ST
BS-SE-1
SUBMITTED TO:
MAM SABA AKRAM
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a systematic
process used to design, develop, test, and deliver software
applications. It provides a framework for managing and
controlling the development process, ensuring quality,
reliability, and efficiency.
Phases of SDLC:
1. Planning: Define project scope, goals, timelines, budget, and
resources.
2. Requirements Gathering: Collect and document software
requirements through stakeholder interviews, surveys, and
analysis.
3. Design: Create architectural designs, data models, and user
interface prototypes.
4. Implementation (Coding): Develop software components,
integrate, and test.
5. Testing: Verify software meets requirements through unit
testing, integration testing, and system testing.
6. Deployment: Release software to production, configure, and
install.
7. Maintenance: Monitor, update, fix bugs, and enhance
software.
SDLC Models:
1. Waterfall: Linear, phase-by-phase approach.
2. Agile: Iterative, flexible, and incremental development.
3. V-Model: Combines waterfall and testing phases.
4. Spiral: Risk-driven, iterative approach.
5. Prototyping: Iterative development with continuous user
feedback.
Benefits of SDLC:
1. Improved quality
2. Reduced costs
3. Enhanced reliability
4. Faster delivery
5. Better project management
6. Increased customer satisfaction
SDLC Best Practices:
1. Define clear requirements
2. Use version control systems
3. Conduct regular testing
4. Implement continuous integration
5. Document changes and updates
6. Foster collaboration and communication
SDLC Tools:
1. Project management: Asana, Trello, Jira
2. Version control: Git, SVN
3. Testing: Selenium, JUnit
4. Agile planning: Scrum, Kanban
5. Design and prototyping: Sketch, Figma
Programming Languages
Programming languages are sets of instructions and rules used
to write software, apps, and websites. They serve as a bridge
between human ingenuity and computer understanding.
Types of Programming Languages:
1. Low-level languages (e.g., Assembly, Machine Code): Close to
machine language, used for operating systems and embedded
systems.
2. High-level languages (e.g., C, Java, Python): Easier to read
and write, used for applications, web development, and
scripting.
Programming Language Categories:
1. Procedural (e.g., C, Java): Focus on procedures and functions.
2. Object-Oriented (e.g., Java, C++): Organize code using objects
and classes.
3. Functional (e.g., Haskell, Lisp): Emphasize expressions and
recursion.
4. Scripting (e.g., Python, Ruby): Used for rapid development
and scripting.
5. Declarative (e.g., SQL, HTML): Focus on desired results, not
steps.
Popular Programming Languages:
1. JavaScript (web development)
2. Python (data science, AI)
3. Java (Android apps, enterprise)
4. C++ (games, systems)
5. C# (Windows apps, games)
6. Ruby (web development)
7. Swift (iOS apps)
8. PHP (web development)
9. Go (system programming)
10. Rust (system programming)
Characteristics of Programming Languages:
1. Syntax (structure)
2. Semantics (meaning)
3. Portability (compatibility across platforms)
4. Efficiency (performance)
5. Readability (ease of understanding)
6. Maintainability (ease of modification)
Programming Language Uses:
1. Web development
2. Mobile app development
3. Game development
4. System administration
5. Data analysis and science
6. Artificial intelligence and machine learning
7. Embedded systems
8. Network programming
Programming Language Tools:
1. Compilers (translate code)
2. Interpreters (execute code)
3. IDEs (Integrated Development Environments)
4. Text editors
5. Debuggers (identify errors)
6. Version control systems (e.g., Git)
Programming languages enable developers to create innovative
Comment [LT1]: Programming language
software solutions, making our digital world possible.
(smith, 2023)
