CLASS: X
SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE (GEOGRAPHY) 2022-23
CHAPTER-5: MINERALS AND ENERGY RESOURCES
Q1. Define the following terms
1) Rocks (page-51)
2) Minerals (page-50)
3) Ores (page-51)
4) Igneous rocks (glossary)
5) Sedimentary rocks (glossary)
6) Metamorphic rocks (glossary)
7) Rat hole mining (page-52)
8) Shaft mining- Deep bores with vertical wall or shafts are made to reach mineral deposits that lie at
great depths.
9) Quarrying- Minerals that lie near the Earth surface , which are simply dug out by the process of
quarrying.
10) Anticline, (glossary)
11) Oil trap, (glossary)
12) Geothermal Energy (page-63)
Q2. Describe various forms in which minerals occur on or below the Earths surface. (Give 2 examples for
each)
Ans. Minerals generally occur in the following forms-
(i) Igneous and Metamorphic rocks- In Igneous and Metamorpic rocks mineral occur in cracks,
crevices, faults and joints. The smaller occurrence are called veins and the larger occurrence are
called lodes. Major metallic minerals like tin , copper, zinc and lead etc are obtained from veins
and lodes.
(ii) Sedimentary rocks- In sedimentary rocks minerals occur in beds and layers. They have been
formed by deposition , accumulation and concentration in horizontal strata. Coal sand some
form of iron ore, gypsum, potash, salt are found.
(iii) Residual mass of weathered rocks- Another mode of formation involves the decomposition of
surface rocks, and the removal of soluble constituents, leaving residual mass of weathered
materials obtaining ores. EG- Bauxite
(iv) Alluvial deposits- Sometimes minerals occur in sands of valley floors and the base of hills and
are called placer deposits and generally contains mineral which are not corroded by water Eg.
Gold, Silver, Tin and Platinum
(v) Ocean beds- The ocean water contains vast quantities of minerals, but they are mostly
scattered. Magnesium and bromine are largely derived from ocean.
Q3).Differentiate between – Metallic and Nonmetallic minerals.
METALLIC MINERALS NONMETALLIC MINERALS
[Link] with the metal content are called 2. The minerals with the absence of metallic
metallic minerals. minerals are called non-metallic minerals
[Link] minerals are malleable, ductile [Link]- metallic minerals are non malleable,
and are good conductor of electricity. . Ex- brittle and bad conductor of electricity. Ex-
Iron, Copper Mica, Limestone
Q4). Mention the factors which make the extraction of mineral ore commercially viable.
Or
Evaluate the conditions which play an important role in affecting economic viability of a mineral
resource.
A4).The major factors are-:
[Link] relative ease with which mineral is mined.
[Link] of mineral in the ore.
[Link] to the market.
Q5). Describe the human hazard and environmental hazard caused by mining.
Or
Why is mining called a killer industry?
Q6).Why is conservation of mineral resources is essential?
Conservation of minerals is necessary because-
(i) The geological processes of mineral formation are slow in comparison to the rate of
consumption.
(ii) They are finite ,i.e. limited in nature.
(iii) The strong dependenc of industry and agriculture upon minerals and the substances
manufactured from them.
(iv) The total volume of workable mineral deposits is one percent of the Earth's crust.
(v) They have to be preserved for our future generations because they are very important for
industrial development the nation. Distinguish between metallic and non metallic minerals.
Q7).Why do you think solar energy has a bright future in India ?
Ans7).Solar energy has a bright future in Indi because-
(i) Being a tropical country ,India is blessed with plenty of solar energy.
(ii) India has developed technology to uses solar energy for cooking, water heating etc.
(iii) It is an abundant, inexhaustible and universal source of energy.
(iv) It is fast becoming popular in rural and remote areas.
(v) It is easy to establish solar plants in urban and rural areas.
. Map Work
I. IDENTIFICATION
Iron-ore mines : Mayurbhanj , Durg , Bailadila , Bellary , Kudremukh
Coal mines : , Bokaro, Talchar , Raniganj , Neyveli.
Oil Fields : Digboi, Naharkatia, Mumbai High , Bassien , Kalol , Ankeleshwar.
II. LOCATING AND LABELLING-:
Power Plant Thermal : Namrup, Singrauli, Ramagundan.
Nuclear : Naraura, Kakrapara , Tarapur , Kalpakkam .
