SLS Symposium on Quantum Magnetism

Tuesday, August 4, 2009 10:00 to 11:45, WBGB/019

Program 10:00 Measuring the Magnetoelectric multipoles of GaFeO3 Cinthia Piamonteze 10:30 Quantum two-dimensional weakly frustrated S=1/2 antiferromagnet on a square lattice in zero and applied magnetic fields Nikolay Tsyrulin 11:00 Coffee 11:15 Imaging of domain wall inertia in Permalloy half-ring nanowires by time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy Jan Rhensius

Measuring the Magnetoelectric multipoles of GaFeO3

U. Staub1, C. Piamonteze1, Y. Bodenthin1, M. Garca-Fernndez1, S. W. Lovesey2,3
1 2

Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH 5232 Villigen, Switzerland ISIS Facility, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK. 3 Diamond Light Source Ltd., Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, UK. Cinthia.Piamonteze@psi.ch

Multiferroic materials have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the exciting possibility of magnetic moments manipulation by an electric field. GaFeO3 is one example of this class of materials. It presents spontaneous electric polarization that coexists with a magnetic ordering below 200K. GaFeO3 is formally an antiferromagnet, but due to the unequal Fe population of Fe1 and Fe2 sites (see figure 1) it behaves as a ferrimagnet exhibiting a net magnetic moment. The magnetic moments are along the c direction and the polarization vector is parallel to b. GaFeO3 was found to present a large magnetoelectric effect in 1960, but a few years ago the study of this system gained new strength due to the observation of interesting phenomena as 2nd harmonic generation, non-reciprocal linear dichroism or magnetochiral dichroism effects. Such phenomena are due to parity odd events and can only be observed due to the particular symmetry inherent to magnetoelectric systems. Namely, the coexistence of electric polarization and magnetic ordering implies that both inversion and time symmetries are broken. That leads to an unusual response of the system to light, which in turn, can bring new information about its magnetoelectric multipoles. There are two possible parity odd events that can occur: interference between an electric dipole with a magnetic dipole (E1M1 event) or with an electric quadrupole (E1E2 event). In this talk we will present an introduction of which kind of information these parity odd events can bring in both absorption and resonant scattering spectroscopies. We will present resonant scattering data measured at the Fe L-edge of GaFeO3 at the RESOXS endstation in the SIM beamline. The scattering data was measured in a space group forbidden reflection, giving higher sensibility to parity odd events. The data is successfully fitted as due to a E1M1 event and shows unequivocally the presence of a magneto-electric quadrupole.
Figure 1 GaFeO 3 structure.

Quantum two-dimensional weakly frustrated S=1/2 antiferromagnet on a square lattice in zero and applied magnetic fields
N. Tsyrulin1,2, T. Pardini3, F. Xiao4, R. R. P. Singh3, F. M. Woodward4, P. Link6 A. Schneidewind6,7, A. Hiess8, J. Gavilano2, H. M. Rnnow5, C. P. Landee4, M. M. Turnbull9, M. Kenzelmann10
1 Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 2 Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland 3 Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA 4 Department of Physics, Clark University,Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA 5 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 6 Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Meier-Leibnitz (FRM II), D-85747 Garching, Germany 7 Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany 8 Institut Laue-Langevin, Bote Postale 156, F-38042 Grenoble, France 9 Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA 10 Laboratory for Developments and Methods, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland

We present a comprehensive study of the two-dimensional S=1/2 square-lattice antiferromagnet (AF) Cu(pz)2(ClO4)2 using neutron scattering techniques and series expansion calculations. In zero field the ordered AF structure investigated by neutron diffraction is a collinear arrangement. An only partly ordered magnetic moment indicates the presence of strong quantum fluctuations. Neutron spectroscopy reveals a gapped spin excitation at the AF zone center, which we interpret with the presence of an XY exchange anisotropy. Small AF next-nearest neighbor interactions enhance quantum fluctuations associated with resonating valence bonds. The ordered moment increases in applied magnetic fields providing evidence for the suppression of quantum fluctuations. Intermediate magnetic fields lead to a selective tuning of resonating valence bonds and a spectacular inversion of the zone-boundary dispersion, providing novel insight into the 2D AF in the quantum limit.
Fig.: Zone boundary spin dispersion at zero field and H ~ J. Color plot of the normalized scattering intensity I(Q; ) at T = 80 mK, showing the dispersion from (; 0) to (/2; /2) at zero field and H = 14.9 T under otherwise identical conditions.

Reference: N.Tsyrulin, T. Pardini, R. R. P. Singh, F. Xiao, P. Link, A. Schneidewind, A. Hiess, C. P. Landee, M. M. Turnbull, and M. Kenzelmann, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 197201 (2009)

Imaging of domain wall inertia in Permalloy half-ring nanowires by time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy
J. Rhensius , L. Heyne , D. Backes , S. Krzyk , L. J. Heyderman , L. Joly F. Nolting3 and M. Klui1
1 2 1,2 1 1,2 1 2 3

Fachbereich Physik, Universitt Konstanz, Universittsstr. 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland 3 SLS, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Using photoemission electron microscopy, we perform high resolution time-resolved magnetic imaging to probe the dynamics of a domain wall in a Permalloy nanowire. Field pulses are used to excite the domain wall (Fig. 1) and we find that there is a delay in the onset of the wall motion with respect to the excitation (Fig. 2). This corresponds to an effective inertia stemming from the energy stored in the deformed domain wall spin structure. The maximum displacement of 440nm leads to a domain wall velocity of 2200m/s (Fig. 3). After the field is switched off, the wall undergoes a damped oscillation around its equilibrium position(Fig. 2). From the oscillation frequency we -24 determine an effective domain wall mass of 1.310 kg which leads to the inertia. This inertia is depending on the spin configuration. The domain itself only shows very fast uniform spin rotation, whereas the domain wall reacts slowly to the applied field. A spatial map of the inerta is given in Fig. 4, where green corresponds to uniform spin rotation in the domain, yellow corresponds to a region inside the domain wall with inhomogenius spin rotation. The red area represents the domain wall, that decayed due to ist inerta.

Fig.1: Domain wall displacement

Delay: 11.2 ns

Fig. 2: Oscillation of the domain wall

Relative DW Elongation
Displacement [a.u.]
0.4
1.0 0.5 0.0 11 12 13 3.50 1.75 0.00

0.2

Delay: 11.4 ns

Delay Time [ns]

0.0

-0.2

12

13

2 m

Time [ns]

Fig. 3: Profile of domain wall without, before and while the displacement
2300

Fig. 4: Spatial map of inertia behavior inside the domain wall

Intensity [a.u.]

2200

2100

Displacement D x=440nm

2000

1900

Deformation
1800 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

Position [m m]

Field [mT]