COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

A Laboratory Report in
Microbiology and Parasitology

In partial fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Secondary Education
Major in Sciences

Submitted by:
JENWILREI A. CALUZA
BSED Science

Submitted to:

ENGELIE S. MARTINEZ, LPT, MAED

Science Instructor

First Semester
S.Y. 2024-2025

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am deeply grateful to my instructor, Engelie S. Martinez, for her invaluable

guidance and unwavering support throughout the course and laboratory activities in

microbiology and parasitology. Her expertise, insightful feedback, and encouragement have

been instrumental in the completion of this report. I also want to extend my appreciation to

my laboratory colleagues for their teamwork and collaboration, which made the research

process both enriching and enjoyable.

A heartfelt thanks to my family and friends for their emotional support and

understanding throughout this research journey. I would also like to acknowledge the

authors and researchers in the field of microbiology and parasitology, whose work has

greatly contributed to my study and enhanced my knowledge of these disciplines. Lastly, I

am sincerely thankful to my co-majors for their resources and contributions, which played a

significant role in the success of this report.

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DEDICATION

This narrative report is dedicated to all those who have significantly contributed to

the field of microbiology and parasitology, whose pioneering work has deepened our

understanding of the intricate relationships between microorganisms, parasites, and their

hosts.

I extend my heartfelt gratitude to my instructors for their invaluable guidance and

profound insights, which have greatly enhanced my learning and research abilities

throughout this course.

To my family and friends, I am deeply thankful for your unwavering support,

encouragement, and patience throughout this endeavor.

I also dedicate this work to the countless individuals impacted by infectious diseases,

whose experiences inspire my commitment to advancing knowledge in these vital fields.

This report is a testament to the collaborative spirit of my peers, whose shared ideas

and meaningful discussions have enriched the journey of completing this study.

Lastly, I hope this report serves as a modest contribution to the ever-growing

exploration of the microbial and parasitic world, fostering both academic growth and

practical applications in the field.

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................2

DEDICATION....................................................................................................................... 3

HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE..............................................................................5

PHILOSOPHY, MISSION, AND VISION.................................................................................7

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY, OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES.............................8

INTRODUCTION OF MICROBIOLOGY................................................................................10

DEFINITION OF TERMS.....................................................................................................13

DOCUMENTATION........................................................................................................... 16

PRAYER FOR TEACHERS....................................................................................................20

CURRICULUM VITAE.........................................................................................................21

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HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN COLLEGE

Northeastern College, originally founded as the Northeastern Institute in 1941, began

as a high school. It was the first secondary school in the province, and after three years, it

expanded to offer undergraduate college education. The institution was established by

visionary residents of Santiago, Isabela: Atty. Francisco E. Pascual, his wife, Doña Emeteria

Bautista Pascual, and Mr. Leon Cadaoas. In its early years, the Institute offered first- and

second-year secondary education, with Doña Emeteria B. Pascual serving as both the

classroom teacher and the principal.

However, when World War II broke out in December 1941, the school's operations

were temporarily suspended. Four years later, in August 1945, the school resumed classes,

now housed in a rented building in Barangay Dubinan. It began offering a complete

secondary education program. From 1945 to 1948, enrollment grew steadily, prompting the

Board of Trustees to approve the construction of a two-story building on the current site of

the school.

Encouraged by the success of the first few years of operation, the Board of Trustees

decided to expand the institution's offerings to include tertiary education, addressing the

higher educational needs of its high school graduates. This led to the creation of the college

department, initially offering Bachelor of Science degrees in Education, Commerce, and

General Associate in Arts. Mr. Vicente P. Salvador was appointed as the first college dean.

The establishment of the college's normal course also led to the creation of a complete

elementary education program, which served as a training ground for future teacher trainees.

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On April 25, 1949, the college held its first commencement exercises for the Normal

Department, followed by another ceremony on December 17, 1949. In the years that

followed, the college experienced significant growth, not only in terms of enrollment but

also in the success of its graduates. Many of its alumni found gainful employment, a

testament to the institution’s effective management and quality instruction.

Over the past five decades, the college has made substantial investments in faculty

development, improving educational facilities, and offering a broader array of academic

programs. Today, in response to the growing demand for more academic offerings, the

college provides fifteen undergraduate courses, including newly introduced programs such

as Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Midwifery Education, Bachelor of Science in

Information Technology, and Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering, as well as a

Bachelor of Arts in Mass Communication. In addition, the college offers five postgraduate

programs and six short-term computer courses.

From its modest beginnings, Northeastern College has grown to become one of the

leading educational institutions in the region, evidenced by the continual increase in

enrollment, ongoing faculty development, the enhancement of its educational infrastructure,

and its active involvement in the local community. This rich history highlights the college’s

enduring commitment to academic excellence and community service.

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PHILOSOPHY, MISSION, AND VISION

PHILOSOPHY

Northeastern College believes that quality education is affordable not only to those

who are economically capable but also to those who are economically efficient.

It believes that through quality education its educands could break the economic

barrier develop their God-given potentials attain maximum growth assume diversified social

duties and responsibilities and withstand the challenges that come along life’s varies

avenues.

VISION

Northeastern College was envisioned to stand as one “True Mint of Wisdom” this

part of the region could be proud of.

MISSION

To contribute to the literacy uplift of the valley; build up the social, moral, and

spiritual values of its educands; produce well prepared individuals for economic

responsibilities; and assist the community discover its potential towards enjoyment of

progressive and peaceful in its members

CORE VALUES

Nurtured and Competitive

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COLLEGE OF EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY, OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

The College of Education is one of the pioneer departments of the institutions it is

the nucleus of almost all campus activities spearheading during major celebrations of the

school.

PHILOSOPHY

The College of Education believes that every individual has the teacher instinct,

considering that everyone can become a teacher, however with proper training on the art of

science of teaching, one can be a better teacher ever. Processing the necessary knowledge,

skills, attitude and values, of future teacher can efficiency and effectively deliver the goods

to the educands. Thus the College of Education holistically prepares its students into the

reality of education for them not only to be transmitters of knowledge but also creators of

new knowledge.

OBJECTIVES

The College of Education aims to:

1. Developed the true mentor committed to the service and the profession;

2. Orient the prospective teachers on the trusts, developments, methodologies and

strategies responsive to the advancing global technology and trends.

3. Train students as future leaders and arm of government in the intellectual, social,

moral and professional values of the country.

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4. Develop skills on curriculum planning classroom management and effective

pedagogies conductive for their respective fields grounded and research-based

approaches and methodologies.

5. Incorporate the importance of professional development as part of their lifelong

learning in line with national and international qualifications frameworks; and

6. Provide varied and rich learn experiences that enhance students’ skills in

communication and teaching

OUTCOMES

A graduate of College of Education is:

1. A effective teacher who exhibit spiritual values and encompasses patriotic ideals.

2. A globally competitive educand who has mastery of research-based pedagogical

content and imbued with professional and wholesome personality.

3. An educand who possesses impressive communication and teaching skills and

exposed to authentic learning environment.

4. A lifelong learner who values hard work, professional ethics and commitment to

rendering services to others.

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INTRODUCTION OF MICROBIOLOGY

Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses,

fungi, parasites, and other microscopic organisms. This discipline encompasses specialized

fields such as bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and immunology, each

focusing on the unique characteristics, behaviors, and impacts of these microbes.

Microbiologists investigate the roles microorganisms play in various ecosystems and their

effects on human health. Using techniques such as microscopy, staining, and culture-based

methods, scientists study the structure, function, and genetic makeup of these organisms.

Microbiology is fundamental not only to medical advancements but also to a broader

understanding of the natural world.

Microorganisms play a crucial role in environmental and societal processes. They

are essential for nutrient cycling, soil enrichment, and the fermentation of food and

beverages. For instance, bacteria decompose organic matter and recycle nutrients, while

fungi and bacteria contribute to the production of foods like cheese, yogurt, and bread.

Despite their benefits, some microorganisms are pathogenic and responsible for diseases

such as tuberculosis, influenza, and HIV/AIDS. As such, the study of microbiology is vital

for both comprehending these organisms and developing strategies to prevent and treat

infections.

Beyond its relevance to health, microbiology intersects with fields such as

biotechnology, genetics, and pharmacology. Research on microorganisms has led to the

discovery of antibiotics, vaccines, and medical treatments that have saved countless lives.

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Advances in genetic engineering and bioremediation also stem from microbiological

studies, addressing industrial challenges, waste management, and environmental

sustainability. In the face of challenges such as antibiotic resistance, emerging diseases, and

global health threats, microbiology remains a critical area of research, contributing to the

improvement of human well-being worldwide.

RESULTS

During the laboratory experiment on bacterial culturing, samples were collected from

rice water, canal water, and urine to observe microbial growth. Agar plates inoculated with

these samples were incubated at 37°C, and bacterial colonies became visible within 24-48

hours.

The rice water sample exhibited significant bacterial growth, characterized by small,

round colonies, indicating the presence of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The canal water sample showed diverse bacterial growth, including larger, irregular

colonies, reflecting contamination by environmental microorganisms.

The urine sample demonstrated growth of both Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative

rods, suggesting potential urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by opportunistic pathogens.

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These observations revealed varying bacterial diversity across different environments.

The rice water and canal water samples displayed higher levels of microbial contamination

compared to the urine sample, which showed fewer but distinct bacterial colonies. These

findings emphasize the importance of water and waste sanitation in preventing bacterial

infections and highlight the risks associated with untreated water sources.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Alcohol Swabs – Are used to clean the skin before blood collection. The alcohol

disinfects the skin to reduce the risk of infection at the puncture site.

Bacteriology – It’s a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of bacteria.

Bacteria – A large group of single-cell microorganisms. Some cause infections and

disease in animals and humans.

Centrifuge – Is used to separate bacterial cells from liquid culture by spinning the

samples at high speeds. This process, called centrifugation, helps isolate bacterial cells

from the surrounding medium.

Colony Counter – Is an instrument used to count bacterial colonies on an agar plate. It

can be a manual device or an automated system that helps quantify bacterial growth in

research or diagnostic applications.

Inoculating Loop – Is a small, wire loop used to transfer bacterial samples to agar

plates or liquid media. It is sterilized by heating with a Bunsen burner before and after

use.

Inoculating Needle – Similar to the inoculating loop, an inoculating needle is a thin,

straight wire used for transferring bacteria, especially when stabbing solid media in a

test tube (e.g., for deep inoculation).

Laminar Flow Hood – Provides a sterile environment for bacterial culturing by filtering

air and preventing airborne contaminants from entering the workspace. It is essential for

maintaining aseptic conditions.

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Microscope – Is an optical instrument used to observe microorganisms, such as bacteria,

which are too small to be seen by the naked eye. It allows the study of bacterial

morphology, motility, and other features.

Microorganism – Includes eukaryotic cell types (protozoa, fungi, algae, and parasites)

and prokaryotic cell types (bacteria and archaea).

Needles – Are sharp, hollow metal tubes used to pierce the skin and blood vessels to

access blood for sampling. Various sizes are used depending on the type of blood draw

and patient needs (e.g., venipuncture or capillary sampling).

Nutrient Broth – Is a liquid medium used to culture bacteria. It contains nutrients that

support the growth of a wide range of bacteria and is typically used for growing bacteria

in suspension or for inoculation.

Petri Dishes – Are shallow, flat, transparent containers used to grow bacterial cultures

on agar plates. They provide a sterile environment for the growth of microorganisms.

pH Meter – Is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a medium. Adjusting the pH

of the medium may be necessary for the optimal growth of certain bacteria.

Syringe – Is a medical instrument used to draw blood from a vein. It consists of a

plunger and a barrel, and it is used in conjunction with a needle to extract blood samples

for diagnostic testing.

Sterile Pipettes – Are used to transfer liquids, such as bacterial cultures or media,

without introducing contaminants. They are available in both glass and plastic forms and

are often disposable.

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Sterile Swabs – Are used for collecting samples from surfaces, wounds, or bodily fluids

for bacterial culture. They are typically disposed of after use to prevent contamination.

Test Tubes – Are cylindrical glass containers used to grow bacteria in liquid medium.

They are used for various types of bacterial culturing, including broth cultures and

streaking methods.

Vacutainer Tubes – Are special blood collection tubes used for holding blood samples.

They are pre-labeled and may contain additives (such as anticoagulants) to preserve the

blood sample for different types of tests.

Viruses – Are infectious agents that are submicroscopic and can only survive in living

organisms

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DOCUMENTATION

The microbiological analysis of the canal water sample

identified the presence of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas

aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus species. These findings suggest

contamination by environmental and potentially pathogenic

microorganisms, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring

and the implementation of appropriate water treatment measures

to maintain water quality standards and safeguard public health .

For the rice soup sample, the analysis focused on microbial

quality, particularly bacterial and fungal contaminants.

Elevated bacterial counts or the detection of specific

pathogens may indicate spoilage or compromised safety,

highlighting the importance of proper storage and handling

practices to ensure food safety.

Microbiological analysis of the urine sample revealed the

presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Further clinical investigations are essential for accurate

diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Note: This is a simplified and general example. Actual reports may

differ depending on specific laboratory protocols and findings. Accurate
interpretation and diagnosis should always involve consultation with a

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medical professional.

The addition of canal water to Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA) can promote the
growth of a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, present in the
water. BHIA is a nutrient-rich medium that supports the cultivation of both fastidious and
non-fastidious organisms. This setup can be used to: Isolate and identify microbial
species, assess microbial diversity, and Evaluate contamination levels.

Using Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) with rice water or rice soup allows for the growth
and analysis of microorganisms, revealing potential contamination or spoilage. It can
identify bacteria like Bacillus spp. or Escherichia coli and assess microbial safety.
Additionally, MHA can be used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to determine
the effectiveness of antibiotics against isolated bacteria. This process is essential for
evaluating food safety and environmental contamination.

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Using Plate Count Agar (PCA) with urine is a standard method to estimate the total viable
bacterial count. PCA supports the growth of diverse bacteria, and counting the colonies that
form provides an estimate of the bacterial load in the sample. This technique is commonly
used in clinical settings to monitor urinary tract infections or in research for general
microbial analysis.

The canal water is inoculated onto Brain Heart

Infusion Agar (BHIA) and sealed in a container for a
week, microbial growth has flourish due to the
nutrient-rich medium, with visible colonies or
biofilms forming. Oxygen has depleted as aerobic
microorganisms consumed it, creating conditions
favorable for anaerobes. Gas production from
microbial metabolism had led to pressure buildup and
unpleasant odors, while pH changes has occurred due
to metabolic byproducts.

The rice water is inoculated onto Mueller-Hinton

Agar (MHA) and sealed in a container for a week,
significant microbial growth has occurred,
forming dense colonies or biofilms. Oxygen
depletion by aerobic microbes have created
conditions favorable for anaerobes, while gas
production from metabolism had led to pressure
buildup and unpleasant odors. Metabolic
byproducts have also altered the pH of the
medium.

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The urine was inoculated onto Plate Count Agar

(PCA) and sealed in a container for a week,
significant microbial growth occurred, with dense
colonies forming. Aerobic bacteria depleted oxygen,
creating conditions suitable for anaerobes, while
metabolic activity produced gases like CO₂ or
ammonia, causing pressure buildup and odors. pH
changes in the medium also occurred, and if the
container was not airtight, contamination or
biosafety risks may have arisen, emphasizing the
need for proper handling.

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PRAYER FOR TEACHERS

"Dear Creator,

Bless our teachers, the guiding lights who illuminate the path of knowledge.
Grant them patience as they nurture curious minds and hearts eager to learn. Endow
them with wisdom to inspire, motivate, and instill a love for learning in those they
teach.

May they find strength in challenging moments, compassion in their hearts,

and joy in every breakthrough and success of their students. Provide them with the
energy to uplift, encourage, and support those in their care, guiding them through
both academic and personal growth.

Grant them the resilience to overcome obstacles and the ability to adapt to
the ever-changing needs of education. Bless them with a spirit of dedication that
fuels their commitment to shaping the future through education.

May their efforts be acknowledged, their dedication appreciated, and their

impact cherished by all whose lives they touch.

In your name, we pray for the well-being and continued inspiration of our
teachers. Amen."

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name Jenwilrei A. Caluza

Date of Birth January 04, 2004

Place of Birth Villa Santiago, Aglipay, Quirino

Educational Attainment

Collegiate Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Sciences

Northeastern College
Villasis, Santiago City

Secondary Victoria High School (SHS)

TVL/ICT - 2022
Victoria, Aglipay, Quirino

Victoria High School (JHS)

Year Graduated - 2020

Elementary Villa Santiago Elementary School– Grade School

Year Graduated - 2016
Villa Santiago, Aglipay, Quirino

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