Identifying Potential Business  Do you have the background and

Opportunities experience needed to run this

Needs and Wants: Business Opportunity particular business?
Basic needs are things that are essential for  Will the business be legal, not going
us and our wellbeing. These are the things against any existing or foreseeable
that we cannot do without. government regulation?
1. Basic commodities for consumption,  Is the business in line with your
2.Clothing and other personal belongings, interest and expertise?
3.Shelter, sanitation, and health Scanning Market
4.Education and skills-generation, Ed Crowley (2007) defined market scanning
5.Relaxation and leisure as the process of continually and actively
Wants are desires, luxury , and monitoring the external environment in order
extravagance that signify wealth and an to identify customer needs, anticipate
expensive way of living. competitive actions, and, identify
1. Fashion accessories, shoes, clothing, technological changes which will provide
2.Travelling around the world, new market opportunities or market
3.Eating in an exclusive restaurant, disruptions
4.Watching movies, concerts, and plays,
5.Having luxurious cars, Factors consider in Market Scanning
6.Wearing expensive jewelry, perfume, Pestle Factors:
7.Living in impressive homes POLITICAL FACTORS usually involve
Generating Ideas for your Business things that impact your business from a
Factors: government or legal standpoint.
1. Examine the existing goods and ECONOMIC FACTORS are financial
services. fluctuations that are typically out of your
2.Examine the present and future needs. control.
3.Examine how the needs are being SOCIAL FACTORS refer to the cultural
satisfied. norms and attitudes of your targeted
4.Examine the available resources around demographic and that of your employees,
you. partners, competitors, etc.
5.Read magazines, news articles, and TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS have a direct
other publications on new products and impact on the cost of doing business and the
techniques or advances in technology. efficiency of your business.
Selecting the Right Business Idea LEGAL FACTORS will directly influence the
Bautista (2014) stated that in screening your company’s operations of your service
ideas, examine each one in terms of the business right now.
following factors: ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS refer to
 How much capital is needed to put up anything that can impact your business from
the business? an ecological or environmental standpoint
 How big is the demand for the
product/service? Do many people Analyzing the Market through Business
need this product/service and continue Analysis Frameworks
to need it for a long time?
 How is the demand met? Who are To make sure that the business idea that
processing the products/services to you want to establish and utilize is viable
meet the need (competition or and achievable, you have to study the idea
demand)? How much of the need is further to make sure that it will be feasible in
now being met (supply)? terms of the market, operations, and
financials. You can utilize different business help identify the business’s risks and
frameworks and methodologies in analyzing rewards. It is also a means of identifying the
your business ideas and opportunities. In internal and external forces that may affect
this module, you will learn about the business. It is helpful in assessing new
environmental scanning and some business business ventures.
frameworks and how these can be useful in
planning and managing your business. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES: These
Environmental Scanning: An Introduction refer to the internal factors, and these are
the resources and experiences readily
It is essential to conduct environmental available to the business proponent.
scanning to identify the needs and wants of
people, the niche for your business mission, • Financial resources such as money
and to give attention to the trends and and sources of funds for investment;
issues. This may also serve as an evaluation • Physical resources, such as the
of the type of the entrepreneurial activity company’s location, facilities, machinery,
appropriate in the community. and equipment;
Bautista (2014) defined environmental • Human resources consisting of
scanning as the process of gathering, employees;
analyzing, and dispensing information for • Access to natural resources,
tactical or strategic purposes. The trademark, patents, and copyrights; and
environmental scanning process entails • Current processes, such as employee
obtaining both factual and subjective programs, department hierarchies, and
information on the business environments in software systems, sales and distribution
which a company is operating (Bautista, capabilities, marketing programs, etc.
2014).
Environment in the community can be OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS: These
viewed according to its technological, are the external forces that affect a
political, economic, and social aspects. For company, an organization, an individual, and
instance, in the past, people in the those outside their control.
community used personal computers but the
transmission of development in terms of • Economic trends including local,
technology was interrupted because people national, and international financial trends,
were not satisfied with what they have today. developments in the country’s stock market,
They still look for the changes in their life reforms in the banking system, growth in the
and the corresponding in their environment. Gross Domestic Product (GDP);
The SWOT Analysis • Market trends such as new products or
technology or evolving buyer’s profiles,
The SWOT analysis was created in the including changes in tastes and lifestyle
1960s by business gurus, Edmund P. behavior;
Learned, C. Roland Christensen, Kenneth • National and local laws and statutes
Andrews, and William D. Book in their as well as political, environmental, and
book titled, “Business Policy, Text and economic regulations;
Cases.” • Demographic characteristics of the
SWOT, which stands for Strengths, target market such as the age, the gender,
Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, the culture of the customers;
analysis is an analytical framework that can • Relationships with suppliers and co-
help a company meet its challenges and owners; and competitive ideas
identify new markets. This framework can
 Before an owner can plan for its mind these simple rules for successful
business’ future, he/she must first evaluate SWOT analysis:
the business by identifying and analyzing
internal and external resources and threats. • Be realistic about the strengths and
The SWOT Analysis is a tool that can help a weaknesses of your business when
proponent by enabling him/her to identify conducting SWOT analysis.
and assess the internal and external forces • SWOT analysis should distinguish
that can affect the business. between where your business is today, and
where it could be in the future.
When used properly, this can serve as • SWOT should always be specific.
a guide for the company to attain success. It Avoid any gray areas.
is a guide to prepare for a new venture, • Always apply SWOT in relation to your
design business strategies, and identify competition, i.e., better than or worse than
areas of change and reform. The owner can your competition.
anticipate problems, including possible • Keep your SWOT short and simple.
solutions and take advantage of identified Avoid complexity and over analysis.
opportunities. The owner can maximize its • SWOT is subjective.
strengths and attempt to cut out its PORTER’S FIVE FORCES OF
weaknesses. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
The Five Forces of Competitive Analysis
When drafting a SWOT analysis, was developed in 1979 by Michael E.
individuals typically create a table split into Porter of Harvard Business School as a
four columns to list each impacting element framework or a guide for assessing and
side by side for comparison. Strengths and evaluating the competitive strength and
weaknesses won't typically match listed position of a business organization.
opportunities and threats verbatim, although Under Porter’s theory, he identifies five
they should correlate, since they are forces that determine the competitiveness
ultimately tied together (Schooley, 2019). and attractiveness of a market and which
seek to locate the power in a business
After you create your SWOT situation, its current competitive position,
framework and fill out your SWOT analysis, and the strength of a position that an
you will need to come up with some organization may enter into. These five
forces help in identifying if new products or
services are potentially profitable. Once the
area where power lies is identified, then
areas of strength can be pinpointed and
exploited, solutions to weaknesses may be
proposed, and possible mistakes avoided.
THE FIVE FORCES

1. SUPPLIER POWER – it is important to

assess how much power the supplier has in
his ability to drive up prices. A supplier
recommendations and strategies based on enjoys this power if there are a few suppliers
the results. These strategies should focus on of an essential input and they therefore
leveraging strengths and opportunities to control the supply of that input. Another
overcome weaknesses and threats. Bear in source of power is how unique the product
or service is. The more unique the product,
the easier it is for the supplier to drive up the 5. POSSIBILITY OF NEW ENTRANTS –
price. In the same manner, a supplier who when investors see that a market is
has relatively bigger size and strength in the profitable, they will desire to join the
market enjoys the power of driving up prices. bandwagon and get a share of the profits.
The magnitude of the cost of switching from But when new investors enter a market, the
one supplier to another is likewise a factor share of the participants in the market will be
such that when the cost of switching is high, divided among more people and will
buyers of suppliers would prefer to stick out therefore decline, thus, eroding profits.
with one supplier, thus giving the supplier However, if barriers to entry prevent new
the power of raising prices. participants from entering the market,
profits will be maintained among the existing
2. BUYER POWER – if a supplier can enjoy participants.
the power to drive prices up, it is also THE IMPORTANCE OF PORTER’S FIVE
possible for a buyer to drive prices FORCES ANALYSIS
down. An assessment needs to be
made on how easy it is for buyers to
drive prices down. The small the number of
buyers in the market, the greater is the
power enjoyed by the buyer. Likewise,
the more important an individual buyer is to
the organization, the greater his power is.
The buyer’s cost of switching from one
supplier to another is also a determinant of
the extent of the buyer’s power to bring
prices down. If cost is minimal, then it
will be easy for the buyer to switch to
another supplier and bargain on lower It is a significant tool for organizations
prices of the input. to understand the factors affecting
profitability in a specific industry and can
3. NUMBER OF COMPETITORS/ help to form decisions on whether or not to
COMPETITIVE RIVALRY – the number and enter a specific industry, whether or not to
capability of competitors in the market will increase capacity in a specific industry, and
also impact on the attractiveness of the also for developing competitive strategies.
market. If competitors are numerous and
offer basically similar products and services, Under this theory, a business becomes
the market will be less attractive. Low more attractive, the greater the supplier’s
capability of competitors to meet the power to drive prices up, the less the buyer’s
market’s current needs will serve as an power to drive prices down, the less the
attractive opportunity for the firm. number of competitors in the market, the
more differentiated the product or service is,
4. OSSIBILITY OF SUBSTITUTION – when the less the substitutability of the products
it is easy to substitute products in a market, for similar goods, and the more difficult it is
it is expected that buyers will switch to for new entrants to participate in the market.
alternatives in case of price increases. The
suppliers will enjoy less power to drive
prices up and the market will be less
attractive.
MARKET RESEARCH
 Having accurate and thorough
information is a vital factor for the
success of a business venture
because it provides a wealth of useful
information about prospective and
existing customers, the competition,
and the industry in general. It allows
business owners to determine the
feasibility of a business before
committing substantial resources to
the venture.
 Entrepreneur Asia Pacific (n.d.) states
that market research provides
relevant data to help solve
marketing challenges that a
business will most likely face--an
integral part of the business planning
process. In fact, strategies such as
market segmentation (identifying
specific groups within a market) and
product differentiation (creating an
identity for a product or service that
separates it from those of the
competitors) are impossible to develop
without market research
RESEARCH DATA MAY BE DRAWN
FROM BOTH PRIMARY DATA AND
SECONDARY DATA:
1. Gathering data from primary sources
includes observation networking,
interviewing and experimentation. It means
that the person who needs the data does the
gathering himself or herself while gathering
data from secondary sources means that
somebody else has gathered the data and
you are a secondary user of said data.
PRIMARY DATA SOURCES INCLUDE THE
FOLLOWING:
 SURVEYS - In survey research, the the entire population of your target
researcher selects a sample of market, so by carefully sampling your
respondents from a population and demographic it’s possible to build an
administers a standardized accurate picture of your target market
questionnaire to them. using common trends from the results
 EXPERIMENTS - This is an Business Jargons (n.d.) provides some of
experiment where the researchers the sampling techniques that you can
manipulate one variable, and employ are:
control/randomizes the rest of the 1. Random Sampling Methods: The
variables. random sampling is also called as a
 OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH - probability sampling since the sample
Observational research (or field selection is done randomly so the laws of
research) is a type of correlational (i.e., probability can be applied.
non-experimental) research in which a  SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING — the
researcher observes ongoing most commonly used sampling
behavior. technique, and truly random, this
2. Secondary sources of data are those method randomly selects individuals
that have already been compiled and are from a list of the population, with every
available like those from business individual having an equal chance at
directories, demographic data from being selected.
government or private agencies, existing  STRATIFIED SAMPLING — this
market research, and those from the method is a conflation of Simple
internet. Secondary data include: Random and Systematic Sampling and
 Public Documents is often used when there are a
 Books multitude of unique subgroups that
 Journals And Magazines require full, randomized representation
 Internet across the sampling population.
 Internal Data Bases  SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING — rather
SAMPLING than randomly selecting individuals
 If you are to generate primary data from a population, this method is
through surveys, interviews, or based on a system of selecting
observations, you have to identify your participants. For example, a market
research sample or the people with researcher may select from a list of the
whom you are going to conduct population every 20th person. While
surveys, interviews, or observations this allows for a controlled way to
with. You can rely on various sampling select from a target population, it
techniques and methods to try and may be skewed depending on how
capture as wide range as possible the the original list is structured or
various types of customers a client is organized.
hoping to glean feedback from.  MULTISTAGE SAMPLING – it is the
 As a market research tool for probability sampling technique wherein
entrepreneurs and start-ups looking to the sampling is carried out in several
better understand their target market stages such that the sample size gets
or research the potential for new reduced at each stage.
business ideas, sampling can be a real 2. Non-Random Sampling Methods: In the
benefit. case of non-random sampling, the selection
 It would be extremely expensive and is done on the basis other than the
time-consuming to gather data from probability considerations, such as
judgment, convenience, etc. The non-  The data processing cycle is a
random sampling is subject to sampling sequential one that starts with inputs
variability, but however there is no certain and often ends with interpretation of
pattern of variability in the process. results – however, many organizations
add two stages for feedback and
 JUDGEMENT SAMPLING – it is the storage:
non-random sampling technique
wherein the choice of sample items 1. INPUT – The first part of the data
depends exclusively on the processing cycle involves collecting data as
investigator’s knowledge and well as entering it and then preparing it for
professional judgment. the next part of the cycle.
 CONVENIENCE SAMPLING – it is the 2. PROCESSING – During the second part
non-probability sampling technique of the cycle, data is manipulated according
wherein a proportion of the population to Instructions and parameters programmed
is selected on the basis of its into the processing application.
convenient availability. 3. OUTPUT – The form of outputs includes
 QUOTA SAMPLING – it is yet another common variations such as results that are
non-probability sampling method printed or displayed on a computer
wherein the population is divided into a monitor.
mutually exclusive, sub-groups from 4. INTERPRETATION – Assessing and
which the sample items are selected analyzing results: What does the data
on the basis of a given proportion. mean?
 SNOWBALL SAMPLING – it is a non- 5. FEEDBACK – Comparing output with
random sampling technique wherein desired results: How can data be
the initial informants are approached processed better?
who through their social network 6. STORAGE – Archiving the data (either
nominate or refer the participants that physically or electronically) for future use.
meet the eligibility criteria of the
research under study. Thus, this
method is also called as the referral STEPS IN BUSINESS DATA
sampling method or chain sampling PROCESSING
method.
DATA PROCESSING  In a complete data processing
 After generating your needed data operation, you should pay attention to
from your sample, you can now what is happening in five distinct
process and analyze it. Lumen (n.d.) business data processing steps:
described analysis of data as a
process of inspecting, cleaning, 1. EDITING – What data do you really need?
transforming, and modelling data with Extracting and editing relevant data is the
the goal of highlighting useful critical first step on your way to useful
information, suggesting conclusions, results.
and supporting decision making. Data 2. CODING – This step is also known as
analysis has multiple facets and bucketing or netting and aligns the data in a
approaches, encompassing diverse systematic arrangement that can be
techniques under a variety of names in understood by computer systems.
different business, science, and social 3. DATA ENTRY – Entering the data into
science domains (Lumen, n.d.). software is a step that can be performed
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE efficiently by data entry professionals.
4. VALIDATION – After a “cleansing” phase,
validating the data involves checking (and
preferably double-checking) for desired
quality levels.
5. TABULATION – Arranging data in a form
that facilitates further use and analysis.
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS AND
FORMULATING RECOMMENDATIONS
 Thus, you have to generate your
conclusions and recommendations
based on the data you have
generated, processed and analyzed.
These conclusions and
recommendations are critical in
determining success or failure of your
business venture. If an otherwise
excellent research is summarized by a
weak conclusion or recommendations,
the results will not be taken seriously.
 3. Create new knowledge through
researches about humankind and behavior
SOCIOLOGY
ANTHROPOLOGY  The study of society, patterns of social
ANTHROPOS: Human Being interactions, social life, social change,
LOGOS: Study of and social causes and consequences
ANTHROPOLOGIA: Study of Humanity of human behavior.
 The study of human beings and their  Sociologie = Companion
ancestors through time and space in  Ology = Study of
relation to physical character,  Family background, Social Classes,
environmental, social relations, and Belief, Gender, Traditions, Ethnicity,
culture Religion
FRANZ BOAS BRANCHES OF SOCIOLOGY
 Father of American Anthropology 1. SOCIAL ORGANIZATION
 Historical Particularism (approach to  pattern of relationships between and
understanding the nature of culture among individuals and social groups
and cultural changes of specific 2. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
populations in a particular region  study of how thoughts, feelings, and
ETHNOGRAPHY behaviors are influenced by the real or
 Research method of long term- imagined presence of other people or
participant observation by social norms
BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY 3. APPLIED SOCIOLOGY
1. BIOLOGICAL OR PHYSICAL  application of sociological ideas,
ANTHROPOLOGY concepts, theories and models to
 Study of the past and present address everyday problems or
evolution of the human species situations.
2. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 4. HUMAN ECOLOGY
 study how people who share a  the study of the interactions between
common cultural system organize and human and non-human nature in
shape the physical and social world different cultures
around them, and are in turn shaped PROPONENTS OF SOCIOLOGY
by those ideas, behaviors, and AUGUSTE COMTE
physical environments  Positivism/Scientific Method
3. ARCHAEOLOGY EMILE DURKHEIM
 The study of the human past using  The Division of Labor in the Society
material remains. KARL MARX
 Communist Manifesto
4. LINGUISTICS OR ANTHROPOLOGICAL (proletariats vs bourgeois)
LINGUISTICS MAX WEBER
 The place of language in its wider  Bureaucracy (system of government,
social and cultural context, and its role ruled by non-elected officials
in making and maintaining cultural POLITICAL SCIENCE
practices and societal structures.  analysis and implementation of
GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY systems of governance and its impact
1. Observe the common things among on societies
people (traditions, language, and others) BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE
2. Discover what make people different from PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
each other
 Academic discipline that studies civil  the power of an individual to change
service and governance society or form a new one
POLITICAL THEORY BELIEFS
 It deals with the accumulation of  specific ideas that society holds to be
principles identifying with the basis, true
structure, conduct, and operations of IDENTITY
the state  the set of perceived qualities that
PUBLIC LAW make an individual unique from the
 pertains to laws or ordinances which rest
control the framework of public NORMS
governance  rules and expectations by which a
POLITICAL DYNAMICS society guides the behavior of its
 an aspect of Political Science which members
are concerned with the relationship of POWER
different societal forces that dictate  the ability to influence others
political opportunities and actions. SYMBOL
GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS  anything that carries a particular
 gives importance to the regulatory and meaning recognized by people who
governmental function to corporate, or share a culture
business entities concerning the WHAT IS CULTURE AND SOCIETY?
national economy  Culture consists of the beliefs,
LEGISLATURES AND LEGISLATION behaviours, objects, and other
 It tries to explain the process, characteristics common to the
composition, and organization of members of a particular group or
legislature. society.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS  Society as the people who interact in
 includes inquiries into the nation- such a way as to share a common
states' foreign policy in their mutual culture.
ties on the various forces-geographic,  Culture and
technological, psychological, and society defined, culture consists of the
political that contribute to shaping such beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other
policy characteristics common to the
INTERNATIONAL LAW members of a particular group
 system of agreements and treaties that or society.
entails responsibilities of one state into MAJOR ELEMENTS OF CULTURE:
another 1. SYMBOL- it is anything that is used to
COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT stand for something else.
 discipline that studies and analyzes 2. LANGUAGE- it is a system of words and
the general structure of governments symbols used to communicate with other
of all countries people.
GOALS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 3 .VALUES- are culturally defined standards
1. Make people better citizens. for what is good or desirable.
2. Keep social order and harmony among 4. NORMS- it is a standard of social
different groups of people. behaviour that is expected of a person or
3. Protect the rights of an individual. group of people.
4. Avoid conflict and promote cooperation. 5. ARTIFACTS- are such valuable tools for
exploring the past and using them to
AGENCY understand the past.
CULTURAL ARTIFACT OR ARTEFACT is Barangay and SK officials involving the
a term used in the social sciences, locals in policy-making through
particularly anthropology, ethnology, and consultations.
sociology for anything created by humans WHAT CAN YOU SAY ABOUT FILIPINO
which gives information about the culture of CULTURE AND SOCIETY?
its creator and users. CULTURE
HUMAN VALUES are essential in our life  the ways of thinking, the ways of
because they help us to grow and develop. acting, and the material objects that
SOCIAL AND CULTURAL NORMS are together form a people’s way of life
rules or expectations of behaviour and ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
thoughts based on shared beliefs within a (MACIONIS, 2016)
specific cultural or social group. A. Symbols
SOCIAL CHANGE - variations or B. Language
modifications in the patterns of social C. Values
organisation of sub groups within society D. Norms
CULTURAL CHANGE - refers to all d.1. Mores
alterations affecting new traits or trait d.2. Folkways
complexes and changes in a cultures SOCIAL DYNAMICS
content and structure.  According to Panopio (2007), changes
DO WE CREATE OUR OWN IDENTITIES? in culture bring in society and human
 Our identities are said to be socially- beings; likewise, changes in society
constructed. and human beings bring change in
 According to the social-constructionist culture and politics.
view, one’s identity is formed through SOCIAL CHANGES
our interaction with others and in  the alteration in the structure or
relation to social, cultural, and political organization in the society, may it be in
contexts. (Rice 2021) status, class, etc. (Encyclopedia
HOW DOES SOCIETY INFLUENCE Brittanica)
INDIVIDUALS (IDENTITIES)? CULTURAL CHANGES
1. SOCIAL GROUPS AND NORMS  the modification of a society through
 the social groups that an individual innovation, invention, discovery or
belongs to also affect one’s creation contact with other societies (Merriam
and maintenance of identity as social Webster).
groups and their members practice POLITICAL CHANGES
specific norms.  the change in the governmental and
2. CULTURAL AND SOCIOPOLITICAL political system of a state through
CHANGES/PHENOMENA transition of leadership, clash of
 events that happened in history have ideologies, etc.
been continuously shaping the society HOW CAN INDIVIDUALS INFLUENCE
and subsequently, the individuals in it. SOCIETY?
3. NATIONAL POLITICAL EVENTS 1. EXERCISE OF POWER
 Examples: 2. AGENT OF CHANGE
American-Filipino Relationship
ABS-CBNs shutdown after the denial of
franchise

4. LOCAL EVENTS
 Examples:
 ART ADDRESSES HUMAN NEEDS
 because it addresses needs of people
from all over the world. Gives you
comfort (ex.bahay mo), entertainment
and education, which would somehow
lead us to self-fulfillment and
satisfaction.
ART IS NOT NATURE
 because ART is man-made, NATURE
is natural/evanescent (conctant
transformation of change), beauty of
nature, innate and silent. It is given, it
doesnt need/ask attention.
ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
 representation of our experiences, it
demands attentiom.
ARTIST VS. ARTISAN
ARTIST
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART  a person who performs all forms of
 assumptions - wised guess smart creative arts. (art for art lang ndi
guess ibebenta) serves social function
ART IS UNIVERSAL blablabla. Were born that way (as
 it transcend cultures, races, and artist)
civilization. As long as human beings  NO FUNCTIONAL VALUE, WORK
exist, art is feasible, alive and ONLY FOR THE ENJOYMENT AND
dynamic. (it keeps on changing) APPRECIATION.
ART AS A MEAN OF COMMUNICATION ARTISAN
 expressing their thought and feelings  worker who practices a trade or a craft.
that is through art like music, dances, (Gumagawa ng art para kumita) ex.
etc .These forms of art are utilized to shoemakers (natuturuan)
establish and strengthen
communication.
 ART is also used to call for unity and
reconciliation. And to communicate
mutiny and rebellion.
 Timeless because it goes beyond the
time of our own existence (it
continually evolves).
ART IS TIMELESS
 ART defines TIME
 style of directing and filming, the
clothing and bearing of the characters
etc. that would make the viewers
guess the period when it was
 TIME also defines ART identifies
artwork that would "click" in a
particular time for the particular
audience (trend).
  A mark with length and direction. A
continuous mark made on a surface by
a moving point.
 May be vertical, horizontal or diagonal,
curved, straight, zigzag, or show
emotion.
 CONTOUR LINES- outline the edges
of forms or shapes
 GESTURAL LINES- indicate action
and physical movement
FORM
 A 3-dimensional object; or something
in a 2-dimensional artwork that
appears to be 3-dimensional
 Shows an object in space, the mass or
positive space it occupies.
 For example, a triangle, which is 2-
dimensional, is a shape, but a
pyramid, which is 3-dimensional, is a
form.
 Form can be 2D
 Form can be 3D
COLOR
 Consists of Hue (another word for
color), Value (lightness or darkness)
and Intensity (brightness).
 COLOR HAS THREE PROPERTIES:
1. HUE: this is the name of the colors
2. VALUE: refers to the lightness or
darkness of
a hue.
2. INTENSITY: refers to the purity of the hue
(called "chroma")
 NEUTRAL COLORS - these colors are
made by adding a complimentary color
(opposite on the color wheel) to a hue.
Neutralized hues are called tones.
 TINTS - adding the color white to
lighten a hue
 SHADES - adding black to darken a
hue
ELEMENTS OF ARTS AND PRINCIPLES  WARM COLORS: Red, Orange &
OF DESIGN Yellow
 COOL COLORS: Green, Blue, &
ELEMENTS OF ART Violet
 The building blocks or ingredients of SPACE
art. They structure and carry the work.  The distance or area between, around,
1. LINE above, below, or within things.
 Foreground, Middleground and complements, because green is made
Background (creates DEPTH) of blue and yellow. When
 Positive (filled with something) and complementary colors are mixed
Negative (empty areas) together, they neutralize each other to
VALUE make brown.
 INTENSITY (also called chroma or  Analogous colors are next to each
saturation) is the brightness or other on the color wheel
dullness of a color. A color as we see it
on a color wheel is at full intensity
(bright).
 When we mix it with gray, black, or
white, it becomes dull. Colors also lose
intensity when mixed with their
complement (the opposite color on the
wheel).
 Secondary colors are two primary
colors mixed together (green, orange,
violet). TEXTURE
 White is pure light; black is the  The surface quality or "feel" of an
absence of light. object, its smoothness, roughness,
 Primary colors are the only true colors softness, etc.
(red, blue, and yellow).  Textures may be actual or implied.
 All other colors are mixes of primary  IMPLIED - texture that has been
colors. simulated in drawing and painting on a
 INTERMEDIATE COLORS, smooth surface
SOMETIMES CALLED TERTIARY  ACTUAL - texture that you can feel
COLORS, are made by mixing a with your sense of touch
primary and secondary color together. SHAPE
 Some examples of intermediate colors  An enclosed area defined and
are yellow green, blue green, and blue determined by other art elements; 2-
violet. dimensional.
 COMPLEMENTARY COLORS are  Shapes can be geometric or organic.
located directly across from each other  GEOMETRIC: square, triangle,
on the color wheel (an arrangement of rectangle, rhombus, circle, cone
colors along a circular diagram to  ORGANIC: free form shapes, shapes
show how they are related to one in nature; for example: leaves, trees,
another). animals
 Complementary pairs contrast
because they share no common PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
colors. For example, red and green are  What we use to organize the Elements
of Art, or the tools to make art.
 They are concepts that affect content
and message.
BALANCE
 The way the elements are arranged to
create a feeling of stability in a work.
 SYMMETRICAL BALANCE- the parts
of an image are organized so that one
side mirrors the other.
 ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE  Artwork that is created by today's
 When one side of a composition does contemporary artists and has a world
not reflect the design of the other. view, and is sensitive to changing
UNITY times.
 When all the elements and principles
work together to create a pleasing APPROPRIATION
image.  Existing artworks are appropriated to
 The feeling of wholeness or the parts produce another artwork.
belonging together.  Usage of prints, images, and icons to
EMPHASIS produce another art form.
 The focal point of an image, or when  When art inspires other art.
one area or thing stand out the most. PERFORMANCE
 Can be created through the use of  Performance evolved to "emphasize
many different elements and principles spontaneous elements of chance.” -
like...CONTRAST PROPORTION Walker Art Center
COLOR  Performance Art is art that has to
VARIETY acted out live in front of an audience.
 The use of differences and change to This means that people have to be
increase the visual interest of the work. watching.
CONTRAST
 A large difference between two things SPACE
to create interest and tension.  Arts transforming space.
PROPORTION  Flash mobs
 The comparative relationship of one  Art installations in malls and parks
part to another with respect to size,  Site specific art forms
quantity, or degree; SCALE.  Art form that is performed and
MOVEMENT & RHYTHM positioned in a specific space such as
 A regular of elements to produce the public places
look and feel of movement.
 MOVEMENT - The motion created in a HYBRIDITY
work of art. Often uses the principle of  Usage of unconventional materials,
rhythm to achieve this. mixing of unlikely materials to produce
 RHYTHM - The repetition of lines, an artwork.
shapes, or colors to create a feeling of TECHNOLOGY
movement.  Usage of technology in the creation
and dissemination of art works.

"ART MADE AND PRODUCED BY

ARTISTS LIVING TODAY"
-J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM

WHAT IS CPAR?
 Not restricted to individual experience
but it is reflective of the world we live
in.
 Events in the world having an effect to
the Philippines.
RECREATION
 it is an activity done for enjoyment
when one is not working
 derived from a latin word “recreare”,
which means “to be refreshed”.
 Relating or denoting activity done for
enjoyment during free time.
 Personal satisfaction and enjoyment
 To be in touch with nature
 For personal pursuit
 Environmental
 Education
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
 It will help you to take a break from
monotony and diversion from the daily
routine
 are experiences or organized activities
that you actively participate in with
others.
 help you to take a break from
monotony
 It gives people the benefit of a positive
change
 Provide source of joy and relaxation
 Enjoyment
 Source of Joy
 Relaxation
LEISURE ACTIVITIES
 things that you do primarily for
relaxation and pleasure.
OUTDOOR RECREATION
 Is an organized activities done during 3. Social Benefits
one’s free time for his/her personal  Family bonding
reasons.  Allows one to meet and interact with
EXISTENCE TIME others
 Is time spent for biological needs  Promotes stewardship
SUBSISTENCE TIME 4. Economic Benefits
 Refers to the hours spent for economic  Productive
purposes  Tourism / Eco-tourism
FREE TIME 5. Spiritual Benefits
 ALL the remaining time  can stir up spiritual values.
DIFFERENT OUTDOOR RECREATIONAL HEALTH – RELATED FITNESS
ACTIVITIES  is all about psychology, personal
LAND health and how activity influences us
 Mountaineering Trekking / Hiking as person.
 Camping Backpacking  This is important for anyone who
 Picnic Bird-watching wants to live a physically active
 Mountain Biking Rock Climbing lifestyle to support a higher quality of
WATER life.
 Swimming Diving  Fitness is a complex subject. In fact,
 Surfing Kayaking there are many definition and
 White water Rafting Sailing explanation about it.
 Fishing Bamboo Rafting  Health – related fitness speaks about
 Snorkeling the components of fitness, which
AIR composed our health condition.
 Parasailing BODY COMPOSITION
 Skydiving  is the percentage of body fat and lean
 Paragliding body tissue in an individual, Lean body
TYPES OF RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES tissue is composed of water, blood,
 Physical Activities skin, muscles and bone.
 Social Activities  From a health viewpoint, it is very
 Outdoor Activities significant to have a low level of body
 Arts and Crafts fat,
 Musical Activities MUSCULAR STRENGTH
 Drama and Theater  Strength is the ability of a particular
 Service Activities muscles or group of muscle to put forth
BENEFITS OF OUTDOOR force in a single maximal contraction to
RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES conquer other form of resistance.
1. Physical Health Benefits MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
 Prevents a person from having  involves the muscle in building a
sedentary life. number of continuous movements.
 It allows people to move  Muscular strength and endurance are
2. Psycho-Emotional Benefits advantages in the capability to carry
 Helps people to rest, relax, de-stress / out daily activities such as lifting,
unwind and feel revitalized. carrying, pushing and pulling without
 Improves self-esteem, confidence and tension or unwarranted exhaustion.
creativity BMI (Body Mass Index)
 Contribute to one’s personal and FLEXIBILITY
spiritual growth
 is capacity of a particular joints such
as our knee, to move during a
complete range of motion.
 It is the ability of the joints to move.
 Each joint (location where your bones
join together) in your body is designed
to move in a certain way.
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE
 is the ability to exercise your entire
body for a long time without stopping.
CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM
 It includes the heart, blood vessels and
blood.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 is made up of your lungs and the air
passages that brings air, including
oxygen, to your lungs from outside of
your body.
 Oxygen enters the red blood cells.
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ENDURANCE
 refers to the ability to sustain effort.
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY ASSESSMENT PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
 These are test to assess the fitness of Growth/Development
your cardio respiratory system. BOYS
 The test may be done in two settings:  Rapid growth of bones and muscles
the laboratory and the field. ages 11 to 14
 The two types of laboratory test are GIRLS
the maximal oxygen uptake test (also  Rapid growth of bones and muscles
referred to as the VO₂ max test) and ages 9 to 12
the graded exercise test CHANGES OBSERVED
BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES BOYS
PERSONAL  Oilier skin and some acne
 Lack of Interest  Increase sweating especially
 Fear of Injury underarms
 Lack of Skills and ability  Growth of pubic and underarm, facial
 Lack of Motivation and chest hair
 Non-enjoyment of active recreational  Masturbation and fantasies about
activities sexual intimacy
ENVIRONMENT  Enlargement of testicles, erections,
 Lack of Support or encouragement first ejaculation, wet
 Lack of resource dreams,deepening of voice
 Lack of time
 Non-availability of physical activity GIRLS
area  Oilier skin and some acne
 Bad weather  Increase sweating especially
underarms
 Growth of pubic and underarm hair
 Masturbation and fantasies about  Strong desire to conform to and be
sexual intimacy accepted by a peer group
 Breast budding, increased vaginal MIDDLE ADOLESCENTS (AGES 14-16)
lubrication and the beginning of  Peer groups gradually give way to
menstruation one-on-one friendships and romances
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT  Dating begins
GROWTH/DEVELOPMENT  Less conformity and less tolerance of
BOYS/GIRLS individual differences
 Dramatic shift in thinking from concrete LATE ADOLESCENTS (AGES 17-19)
to abstract  series of intimate relationships begin to
 Appreciate hypothetical situation. develop
 Ability to think about future, evaluate SOCIAL GROUP
alternatives, and set personal goals  Family
EARLY ADOLESCENTS (AGES 9-13)
CHANGES OBSERVED  Increasing conflict between
BOYS/GIRLS adolescentsand their parents
 Become more independent  Family closeness is most important
 Take on increased responsibilities protective factor against high-risk
such as babysitting, summer jobs, behavior
orhousehold chores LATE ADOLESCENTS (AGES 17-19)
 Shift their focus from playcentered  family influence is in balance with peer
activities to academics. influence
 Begin to consider future careers and BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT
occupations. GROWTH/DEVELOPMENT
 Begin to develop social conscience; BOYS/GIRLS
manifest concern about social issues  Shaped their identities
 Develop sense of values and ethical  Tried out their new decisionmaking
behavior, recognizing the importance skills
of traits such as honesty, helpfulness,  Developed realistic assessments of
caring for others them Gained peer acceptance and
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT respect (Ponton,1997; Jessor, 1991)
GROWTH/ DEVELOPMENT
BOYS/GIRLS
 Establish identity, new cognitive skills,
ability to reflect on who they are and
what makes them unique
CHANGES OBSERVED
BOYS/GIRLS
 Different ways of appearing, sounding
and behaving
 Increased social relationship
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL GROUP
 Peers
EARLY ADOLESCENTS (AGES 9-13)
 Center of social world shifts from
family to friends
 Peer group tends to be same-sex