Fill-in-the-Blank Questions (7 Questions)

1. Plants primarily absorb water through their _______.

o Answer: roots
2. The process by which water vapor exits the leaf is known as _______.
o Answer: transpiration
3. Water moves up through the plant via the _______ tissue.
o Answer: xylem
4. The openings on the leaf surface that allow for gas exchange are called _______.
o Answer: stomata
5. The _______ is a waxy layer that helps reduce water loss from plant surfaces.
o Answer: cuticle
6. High temperatures can increase the rate of _______ in plants.
o Answer: transpiration
7. When water arrives at leaves, it moves out of xylem and enters into _______________
Answer:leaf cells

8. The primary organ responsible for filtering blood and producing urine is the __________.

Answer: kidney

9. The functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine is called a
__________.

Answer: nephron

10. The urine flows out of the bladder through ___________

Answer:urethera
11. Urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via the __________.

 Answer: ureters

12. The __________ is the muscular sac that stores urine before it is excreted from the body.

 Answer: bladder

13. The process of expelling urine from the body is known as __________.

 Answer: urination (or micturition)

14. Urea is removed from the kidneys by the _____________

Answer:kidneys

2-Mark Questions
1. What is transpiration?
o Answer: Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is lost from the plant to the
atmosphere, primarily through stomata in the leaves.

2. Explain the role of stomata in plants.

o Answer: Stomata are small openings on the leaf surface that regulate gas exchange.
They allow carbon dioxide to enter for photosynthesis and enable water vapor to exit
during transpiration.

3. How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

o Answer: Higher temperatures increase the rate of transpiration by increasing the
evaporation of water from leaf surfaces, leading to more water vapor being lost.

4. Draw the xylem in roots and stem

5. What is wilted ?

A condition in plants characterized by the drooping or limp appearance of leaves and

stems due to loss of turgor pressure, often resulting from insufficient water uptake or
excessive water loss. This indicates a state of dehydration that can affect the plant's health if
not addressed promptly

6. What is renal system?

Urea is removed from the blood by the kidneys in the excretory . this system is called
renal system.
7. What is urine?
The solution made of urea dissolved in water is called urine.
7. What is a fetus?
A fetus is the developing stage of a human or animal after the embryonic stage, starting
around the 9th week of pregnancy until birth. During this time, the fetus grows and
develops important organs.
 8. Describe the function of xylem in plants.

o Answer: Xylem is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and dissolved
minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, supporting both hydration and nutrient
uptake.

3-Mark Questions (2 Questions)

1. Describe the process of transpiration and its importance to plants.

o Answer: Transpiration is the process where water vapor is released from the plant’s
leaves into the atmosphere through stomata. This process is crucial for maintaining
turgor pressure, which keeps plant cells rigid and supports their structure. Additionally,
transpiration helps to cool the plant and facilitates the upward movement of water and
nutrients from the roots to the leaves, which is essential for photosynthesis and overall
plant health.

2. Explain how environmental factors can influence the rate of transpiration.

1. Answer: The rate of transpiration is influenced by several environmental factors,
including temperature, humidity, wind speed, and light intensity. Higher temperatures
increase evaporation rates, while lower humidity can enhance water vapor loss. Wind
can remove the humid air surrounding leaves, promoting more rapid transpiration, and
increased light intensity usually causes stomata to open wider, allowing more water to
escape. All these factors interact to determine the overall rate of transpiration.

3. Describe the primary functions of the human excretory system.

Answer:

1. The primary function of the human excretory system is to remove waste products
from the body, particularly those generated from metabolic processes, such as
urea and creatinine.
2. It helps regulate the body's water and electrolyte balance by filtering blood and
forming urine, which is excreted through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and
urethra.
4. What are the nutrients a pregnant woman should eat?
Answer: 1. proteins
2.carbohydrates
3. Vitamins and minerals
 5. what are the substances excreted by human
Answer: 1.carbon dioxide
2.urea
3.Excess water

5-Mark Question (1 Question)

1. Draw a diagram to explain how water is transferred through root and label its parts.
2. Draw and explain how water is transported in leaves?
 Uptake by Roots: Water is absorbed from the soil by the roots. This water travels through the
plant’s vascular system, specifically through specialized tissues called xylem.
 Movement through Xylem: The xylem vessels carry water upward from the roots to the leaves.
This movement is driven by a combination of capillary action, root pressure, and the cohesion and
adhesion properties of water molecules.
 Transpiration in Leaves: Once the water reaches the leaves, it moves into the leaf’s interstitial
spaces. Water evaporates from the surface of mesophyll cells into the air spaces within the leaf and
then exits through tiny openings called stomata.
 Water Vapor Loss: The evaporation of water from the stomata creates a negative pressure
(tension) that pulls more water upward from the roots through the xylem, maintaining a continuous
flow.
 Photosynthesis: The water that reaches the leaves is also essential for photosynthesis, where it
combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen.

2. Discuss the importance of water for plant survival and the role of transpiration in maintaining
plant health.
o Answer: Water is essential for plant survival as it participates in key physiological
processes, including photosynthesis, nutrient transport, and maintaining cell turgidity.
During photosynthesis, plants use water to produce glucose and oxygen, essential for
their energy needs. Transpiration plays a vital role in cooling the plant and regulating
internal temperature, especially during hot conditions. It creates a negative pressure in
the xylem, enabling the upward movement of water and dissolved minerals from the
roots, which are crucial for growth and development. Moreover, transpiration helps
maintain turgor pressure in plant cells, preventing wilting and ensuring structural
 integrity. Thus, water and transpiration are critical for healthy plant functioning and
survival in diverse environments.
3. Why water is important for plants

Plants need water for several important reasons:

Support : plants need wate to stand in a upright position. If there is no water, the plant
would wither and fall.
Photosynthesis: Water is a key component in the process of photosynthesis, where
plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This
process is essential for producing energy for the plant.
Nutrient Transport: Water helps transport nutrients from the soil into the plant. It
dissolves minerals and nutrients, allowing them to move through the plant's vascular
system (xylem and phloem).
Cell Structure: Water is crucial for maintaining cell turgor pressure. It helps keep plant
cells rigid and supports the overall structure of the plant. Without enough water, plants
can wilt and become less healthy.
Temperature Regulation: Water helps regulate the plant's temperature through
processes like transpiration, where water evaporates from the leaves, cooling the plant.
Metabolic Processes: Water is involved in various metabolic processes within the plant,
helping to facilitate chemical reactions necessary for growth and development.

4. Draw and label the human excretory system.

Question: Discuss the factors that contribute to the health of a developing fetus during
pregnancy. (5 marks)

Answer:

5. Nutrition: A balanced diet rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, and healthy fats is
crucial. Nutrients like folic acid help prevent neural tube defects, while calcium and iron
support fetal development.
6. Prenatal Care: Regular check-ups with healthcare professionals ensure monitoring of
the fetus’s growth and development, allowing for early detection of any potential issues.
7. Avoidance of Harmful Substances: Pregnant individuals should avoid smoking,
alcohol, and recreational drugs, as these can lead to developmental issues and
complications.
8. Physical Health: Maintaining overall physical health, including managing chronic
conditions (like diabetes or hypertension), is essential for a healthy pregnancy and fetus.
9. Emotional Well-being: Reducing stress and ensuring mental health can positively
impact fetal development. Supportive environments contribute to healthier pregnancies.