Ch:8 Plant Transport

Year 9 A/G Worksheet 2 [42] Date: ----/ 5 /23

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a cross section of part of a stem of buttercup, Ranunculus. Fig. 1.2 is an
outline drawing of one vascular bundle from the stem of Ranunculus.

Fig 1.1 Fig 1.2

(a) Draw and label the position of the xylem and the phloem in the outline of the vascular
bundle in Fig. 1.2. [2]
(b) Name the carbohydrate that is transported in the phloem.
_____sucrose ______________________________________________[1]
(c) Substances transported in the phloem are carried upwards in the stem at some times of
the year and downwards at other times.
Explain why substances are transported in the phloem upwards at one time of the year
and downwards at another.
_____________________________________________________________________ [4]
1.During growing season or when photosynthesizing, substances or food are transported
down, for example to the roots.
2.Transported up to the, growing points like flowers, fruits, seeds or new leaves.
3.Time of year when no photosynthesis or when the food is not made substances are
transported upwards from, roots or the storage organ.
4.Substances transported from source to sink.
(d) Define the term transpiration.
_____________________________________________________________________[3]
Diffusion or loss of water vapour from leaves of the plant.
The process by which plants remove excess water through stomata present on the
surface of leaves is called 'transpiration'.
Transpiration is basically evaporation of water from leaves of the plant.

(e) The rattan palm is a plant that climbs on rainforest trees to heights of about 40 metres.
Explain how water is moved to the tops of tall plants, such as the rattan palm.
____________________________________________________________________ [4]
Evaporation or transpiration causes movement of water in xylem
Reduces pressure at the top of the plant
Transpiration pull is maintained by cohesion between the water molecules
This maintains a continuous column of water to the walls of xylem
2. Water moves into plants from the soil and exits through the leaves.
(a) Explain how water moves from the soil into the root.
___________________________________________________________________ [4]
Water moves from the soil into the root with the help of root hairs.
Water moves from high water potential to low water potential down the potential gradient
by osmosis passing through partially permeable membrane in membrane.
Water reaches the leaves from the roots through the xylem. Fig. 2.1 shows images of
stomata on the lower surfaces of leaves of two varieties of olive plant, A and B. Both are
shown at the same magnification.

(b) (i) Describe the function of stomata.

_____________________________________________________________________[2]
Stomata allows the movement of water, gas such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, into and
out of leaf.
(ii) Compare the density of stomata between the two varieties of olive plant, A and B,
shown in Fig. 2.1.
____________________________________________________________________[2]
In variety A greater density because of more stomata. It is about four times more

(iii) Under identical environmental conditions the rate of water uptake in plant A is higher
than plant B. Explain why.
_____________________________________________________________________[3]
Water uptake in plant A is higher than plant B because of more stomata in variety A.
More chances for loss of water vapour through stomata in variety A.
Loss of water from leaf (cells) lowers water potential this creates tension (in water in
xylem)
Resulting the cohesion of water molecules.

(c) The density of stomata is an example of a leaf adaptation to the environmental

conditions. State two other adaptations of leaves for survival in a dry environment.
_____________________________________________________________________[2]
Succulent thick leaves and cuticle.
Small surface area
Few shedding of leaves

(d) Water lost from the leaves enters the atmosphere.

Describe how water is recycled from the atmosphere back to the roots.
_____________________________________________________________________[2]
Water vapour condenses to form clouds, fog or dew
Precipitation drains into rivers and seeps into the soil forming ground water.
(d) Loggers often cut down the tall trees in a forest.
Describe the effects on the forest ecosystem of cutting down trees.
________________________________________________________________________
[4]
Cutting down trees will affect abiotic and biotic equally such as:
1.Increase in carbon dioxide concentration and decrease in oxygen.
2.Increased soil erosion, reduced soil fertility, less soil water and faster flow of water
from the land.
3.Increase in flooding and landslips. Disrupting the water cycle.
4.Loss of habitat, disruption in food chain and food webs resulting in less biodiversity.

3. (a)What are the two main system of transport in plants?

________________________________________________________________________
___
[4]
The two-transport system in plants consists of xylem and phloem tissues.
Xylem tissue is responsible for the transport of minerals and water from the roots
to the leaves.
Phloem tissue transport sugars made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant.
(b)Why do plants need a transport system?
______________________________________________________________________
[2]
Plants need transport system to:
To do photosynthesis.
To move the products of photosynthesis in the plant.
(c)How transpiration is different than translocation?
[6]

No. Transpiration Translocation

1. Transpiration is the evaporation of Translocation is the transportation of
water from the leaves sugars in a plant.
2. Transpiration always occurs against Translocation does not always occur
the gravity [up words only] against gravity [in all directions].
3. Transpiration involve xylem Translocation involves phloem
[6]
(d) Complete the path of water movement in a plant using the following terms:
Air space, root hair, xylem, diffusion through stomata, root cortex, mesophyll cells.

[3]
(e)What are the factors that affect the rate of transpiration?
_________________________________________________ [4]
Four factors affect the rate of transpiration
 If temperature is high transpiration is high
 If humidity is high transpiration is low
 If air movement is high transpiration is high
 If light intensity is high transpiration is high
(f)What do you mean by diffusion?
_____________________________________________________________________[3]
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region
of lower concentration down the concentration gradient.
(g) Gas moves in and out from plant by diffusion. How it takes place in leaves and in
woody part of a plant’s bark.
_____________________________________________________________________[2]

It takes place in leaves through stomata

In woody part of a plant’s bark through lenticels.