1. What is Method of Statement?

It’s a document from the contractor to the client, explaining how a job will be done safely
and up to required standards.
2. What is the use of WMS?
WMS helps plan and complete tasks safely, clarifying codes and standards to follow.
3. What is JSA and its use?
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) is a process to identify safe work steps.
It includes:

 Observing the job

 Breaking it into steps
 Identifying hazards
 Defining control measures
 Implementing safety steps.

4. What is Work Permit?

A work permit is written approval for performing maintenance or construction tasks.
5. How many types of permits are used?

 Hot work permit

 Cold work permit
 Confined space entry permit
 Excavation permit
 Lifting permit
 Night work permit
 Radiography permit
 Others, depending on the job.

6. What is Safety?
Safety means reducing risk to an acceptable level to prevent harm to people or materials.
7. What is Near-miss?
A near-miss is an event that could have caused harm but didn't.
8. What is Confined Space?
A confined space is an area with limited access that may pose hazards like lack of
oxygen, toxic gases, or dust.
9. What is the oxygen level in a confined space?
The oxygen level should be between 19.5% and 23.5%.
10. In what circumstances can a confined space work permit be issued?
A permit is issued if the space is ventilated, gas readings are safe, barricades and
warnings are in place, a standby person is present, lighting and electricity are adequate,
and communication is ensured.
11. Who is a confined space attendant?
A confined space attendant monitors conditions, ensures safety, and reacts in
emergencies. They also maintain logs.
12. What are the hazards in a confined space?
Hazards include oxygen levels, toxic gases, fire, electrocution, falls, dust, extreme
temperatures, and being trapped.
13. What are the duties of a confined space attendant?
The attendant ensures worker safety, communicates, monitors conditions, prevents
unauthorized access, and evacuates workers if needed.
14. Give some examples of a confined space?
Examples include pipes, vessels, tanks, silos, trenches deeper than 4 feet, and ducts.
15. Name one hazardous job in a confined space?
Welding, grinding, chemical work, and gas cutting.
16. Who is a competent person?
A competent person is trained and authorized to safely perform tasks and recognize
hazards.
17. What is an accident?
An accident is an event causing harm, damage, or environmental impact.
18. What is a near-miss?
A near-miss is an event that could have caused harm but didn't.
19. Who makes an accident report?
The area supervisor or safety representative makes the report.
20. Who makes an accident investigation report?
A team of supervisors, safety managers, and other relevant officials.
21. What is the use of an accident report?
It identifies the cause, recommends actions to prevent it, and assesses emergency
response effectiveness.
22. What is waste management?
Waste management is safely disposing of work by-products without harming people or
the environment.
23. What is MSDS?
MSDS (Materials Safety Data Sheets) provide product details, hazards, safety measures,
and handling precautions.
24. What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom with the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons.
25. Why is an isotope hazardous?
Isotopes are hazardous because they emit radiation that can harm living tissue and cause
cancer.
26. What is radiography?
Radiography uses X-rays to inspect welds. Work stops if wind exceeds 32 km/h (20
mph).
27. What is radioactivity?
Radioactivity is the release of energy from an unstable atomic nucleus.
28. What is the unit for measuring radiation?
Radiation is measured in microSieverts (µSv) or milliRem (mRem).
29. In what conditions can work permits be issued for radiography?
Work permits are issued if the area is evacuated, barricaded, and has flashing warning
lights.
30. What are safety measures to be taken while doing radiography?
A competent person should be outside with a survey meter. The area should be
evacuated, barricaded, and have proper warning signs.

31. What is the controlled area?

A controlled area is where radiation dose exceeds 0.75 MREM/h (7.5 microsieverts).
32. What is a Geiger meter?
A Geiger meter measures radiation dose (Radiation Survey Meter).
33. What is the use of a film badge?
A film badge is worn by personnel exposed to radiation to measure their dose over a
month.
34. What is a decay chart?
A decay chart shows how an isotope’s radioactivity decreases over time.
35. Who is an authorized exposed person?
An authorized exposed person is trained to use sealed sources and X-ray equipment in
industrial radiography.
36. What are the requirements of a man basket?

 Made according to standards

 Has party certificates
 Two guide ropes
 Damage-free lifting gear
 Load capacity written on it
 Only shackles with cotter pins used

37. How are slings inspected?

 Inspect before each use

 Periodic thorough inspections
 Reject if one-third of wire diameter is worn
 Check for corrosion, kinks, and broken wires.

38. What are the types of cranes?

 Mobile Crane
 Crawler Crane
 Tower Crane
 Overhead Crane

39. What are the parts of a crane?

 Boom
 Slings
 Shackles
 Flying jib
 Anti-twoblock
 Outrigger
 Main hoist
 Auxiliary hoist
 Pulley
 Web slings
 LMI (Load Movement Indicator)

40. What are the requirements of crane lifting?

 Crane on firm, level ground with wood pads and steel plates
 Outriggers extended, tires off the ground
 Certified operator and rigger available
 Safe load indicator working
 Checklist completed by a competent person.

41. What is work radius?

It’s the maximum distance where lifting or rigging work is done.
42. What is SWL?
SWL (Safe Working Load) is the maximum load a lifting tool can safely handle.
43. What is a lifting plan?
A lifting plan details how a critical lift will be done safely, covering factors like
equipment, load chart, JSA, and safe loads for tools.
44. What is a tandem lift?
A tandem lift uses two cranes to lift a load.
45. What is excavation?
Excavation is a man-made cut or depression in the earth, like a trench.
46. What is a trench?
A trench is a narrow excavation, deeper than it is wide.
47. What is shoring?
Shoring is support placed around an excavation to prevent collapse.
48. What is the difference between a flashback arrestor and a check valve?
A check valve stops flow in one direction. A flashback arrestor prevents flames from
reaching cylinders if a flashback occurs.
49. How many types of fall protection systems are there?

1. Guardrail system
2. Safety net system
3. Personal fall arrest system (harness)

50. What are the classes of fire and which extinguishers are used?

 Class A (Ordinary combustibles): Water, DCP, Foam, CO2, Halon

 Class B (Liquids and gases): CO2, Foam, DCP
 Class C (Electrical): DCP, FM 200, Halon, CO2
 Class D (Metals): Metal X-type, Combustible metal type
51. What is the responsibility of a fire watch?
The fire watch identifies fire hazards, alerts people, and extinguishes fires. They are the
first to respond to a fire.
52. What is a color coding system?
A system for inspecting tools and equipment. Defective items aren’t color-coded and
should be removed.
53. Who can color code?
A competent person.
54. What is the maximum distance between two adjacent accesses in a long excavation?
A ladder must be within 25 feet of employees in an excavation.

 For open excavation:

o Every 30m if less than 1.2m deep
o Every 7.5m if more than 1.2m deep

55. When is an excavation considered a confined space?

When its depth exceeds 1.2m.
56. Who can erect scaffolding?
A certified scaffolder.
57. Who can inspect the components used for erecting a scaffold?
A competent and certified scaffolding supervisor.
58. What is a tag system?
A system to indicate scaffold condition:

 Red tag: Do not use

 Yellow tag: Use with 100% fall protection
 Green tag: Safe to use

59. Who can place a scaffold tag?

A competent person (scaffolding supervisor).
60. What are the details in a scaffold tag?

 Location
 Maximum load capacity
 Date erected and inspected
 Foreman’s name and signature

61. In which condition a scaffold cannot be erected?

 Extreme weather (strong winds, rain, or ice)

 Unstable ground
 Inability to maintain a minimum of 10 feet clearance from live wires
 Lack of certified workers or supervisor
 Permit not available

62. What is the minimum overlapping of two adjacent planks in a platform?

 At least 12 inches.

63. What is a guardrail system?

 A barrier consisting of a top rail, mid rails, toe board, and vertical uprights designed to
prevent falls from elevated work areas.

64. What is a toe board?

 A barrier along the sides and ends of a platform to prevent materials, tools, and other
objects from falling.

65. What is the minimum height of a toe-board?

 Minimum 4 inches.

66. What is the height of the top-rail from the platform?

 Between 38 inches to 45 inches.

67. What are the requirements for placing an access ladder on a scaffold?

 Provide access when platforms are more than 2 feet above or below access points.
 The bottom rung must not exceed 24 inches from the ground.
 Ladder should be placed at a correct angle (1 foot out for every 4 feet in height).
 Ladders must be tied at both sides (not by rungs).
 Ladder should extend at least 90 cm above the landing stage.
 Provide at least two access ladders if the horizontal distance exceeds 15 meters.
 Ensure ladders are free from damage and color-coded.
 Ladders must be tagged.

68. When should a fall protection system be used?

 If the person could fall more than 1.8 meters (6 feet), for example, when working at an
elevation like scaffolding.

69. What is the minimum width required for a walkway?

 Minimum 18 inches.

70. What materials can be placed on a scaffold platform?

 Only construction materials related to the work.

 Ensure the load-bearing capacity is not exceeded.
 Use toe boards or nets to protect against falling objects.
71. What are the requirements for working on a moving scaffold?

 The scaffold must be plumb, level, and square.

 Move it manually only.
 No workers, equipment, or materials should be on the platform during movement.
 Lock castors except during movement.
 Ensure a stable and level foundation, even on uneven ground.
 Install outriggers if platform height exceeds four times the minimum base dimension.
 A complete guardrail system must be provided.
 Inspect and tag the scaffold before use by a competent person.

72. When should scaffolds be inspected?

 After erection and before each work period.

 Whenever altered, adjusted, or exposed to rain or wind.
 At least once every seven days.

73. What is the angle to fix the ladder?

 The ladder angle should be 75 degrees or a 1/4 ratio.

74. What is the space between two ladder rungs?

 The space between rungs is 12 inches (30 cm).

75. With what color can a ladder be painted?

 Aluminum and wooden ladders should not be painted.

76. What is a life-line?

 A flexible line connected to an anchorage, part of a personal fall arrest system. It can
hang vertically or stretch horizontally.

77. How can we calculate the safe anchorage of a life-line?

 Fasten the life-line to fixed points capable of supporting 2300 kg.

 Ensure anchorage points are independent and protected from sharp edges and abrasion.
 Safe points include structural members (minimum 4-inch diameter), not guardrails, vents,
or electrical conduit.
 Maintain a maximum sag of 30 cm per 10 meters of life-line length.

78. What is the lock-out/tag-out system?

 A safety procedure to prevent accidental energizing or release of energy during
maintenance or servicing of live equipment. Locks and tags are placed on isolating
devices to prevent uncontrolled operation and to document the lock-out schedule.

79. Abbreviations used for safety:

 STARRT – Safety Task and Risk Reduction Talk

 COSHH – Control of Substances Hazardous to Health
 OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration
 CFR – Code of Federal Regulations
 OHSAS – Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
 ELCB – Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker
 GFCI – Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
 BSI – British Standard Institute
 SWL – Safe Working Load
 ANSI – American National Standards Institute
 LTI – Lost Time Incident
 LMI – Load Movement Indicator
 MSDS – Material Safety Data Sheet
 TWA – Time Weighted Average
 STEL – Short Term Exposure Limit
 ERP – Emergency Response Plan
 ASTM – American Society for Testing and Materials
 JSA – Job Safety Analysis
 LEL – Lower Explosive Limit
 UEL – Upper Explosive Limit
 PEL – Permissible Exposure Limit
 REL – Recommended Exposure Limit
 PSI – Pounds per Square Inch
 WBGT – Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
 APR – Air Purifying Respirator
 ASR – Air Supplying Respirator
 SCBA – Self Contained Breathing Apparatus
 RSO – Radiation Safety Officer
 NFPA – National Fire Protection Association

80. What is the importance of a toolbox meeting?

 Workers are educated about safe work practices and procedures. It improves awareness
of specific tasks and safety measures.

81. What is an Emergency Evacuation Plan?

 A procedure with clear guidelines for evacuation during emergencies, identifying

potential scenarios and assigning roles to building custodians, fire wardens, and others.
82. What is a hydro-test?

 A test performed to check for leaks in pipes or equipment by filling them with water
under pressure and inspecting for leaks or breakages.

83. What is a hypo-test?

 An insulation leakage test performed on high-voltage electrical cables to detect any leaks.

84. What are the safety requirements for performing hot work?

1. Remove combustible materials within 10 meters of the work area, if possible.

2. Use fire blankets to protect immovable combustibles and catch welding slugs.
3. Cover the area with fire blankets to contain sparks.
4. Provide sufficient fire extinguishers.
5. Appoint a fire-watch with a red jacket, if necessary.
6. Barricade the area and post proper signage.
7. Use appropriate PPE.
8. Conduct a gas test if combustible gases are present before starting.

85. What are the benefits of near-miss reporting?

1. Helps analyze incidents to prevent recurrence.

2. Identifies causes of near misses before they turn into accidents.
3. Identifies safety deficiencies and implements corrective actions.
4. Improves safety by reducing accidents and incidents.

86. What is a risk assessment?

 A method used to evaluate the risks of an activity by assessing the potential consequences
and deciding on mitigation measures to reduce risks.

87. In what situation is ear protection needed?

 Ear protection is required in areas where noise exceeds 85 dBA.

88. What is the emergency evacuation procedure in the event of a gas release?

1. Do not panic.
2. Observe the wind direction and move crosswind to the plant boundary fence, then
upwind.
3. Follow instructions from the emergency response team.
4. Only resume work after clearance.

89. What is an “Assembly Muster Point”?

  A designated and marked area where workers gather in case of an emergency.

90. What is meant by “Head Counting”? What is the purpose?

 Workers assemble at the "Assembly Muster Point" during an emergency. The supervisor
checks the attendance list to ensure everyone is accounted for. The purpose is to confirm
safety and identify anyone needing rescue.

91) What is heat stroke? What are the different stages a person goes through
before experiencing heat stroke?

Heat stroke is a severe heat-related illness that occurs when the body’s temperature rises above
104°F (40°C), disrupting the body’s ability to regulate heat. It can cause the body to stop
sweating, resulting in further overheating. If not treated promptly, heat stroke can lead to organ
failure, unconsciousness, or even death.

Stages before heat stroke:

1. Heat cramps: Muscle cramps caused by dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

2. Heat exhaustion: Symptoms include dizziness, weakness, nausea, and elevated body
temperature (up to 102°F).
3. Heat stroke: The body temperature exceeds 105°F, leading to confusion,
unconsciousness, and organ failure if not treated urgently.

92) How is soil classified? What is the slope to be given for each type of soil while
excavating?

Soil Classification:

 Type A: Cohesive soils with unconfined compressive strength ≥1.5 tsf (e.g., clay, sandy
clay).
 Type B: Cohesive soils with strength >0.5 tsf but <1.5 tsf (e.g., gravel, silt).
 Type C: Granular soils with unconfined compressive strength ≤0.5 tsf (e.g., sand, loose
gravel).

Maximum Allowable Slopes:

 Stable rock: Vertical (90 degrees).

 Type A: ¾:1 (53 degrees).
 Type B: 1:1 (45 degrees).
 Type C: 1½:1 (34 degrees).

93) What are the precautions to be taken while handling and storing compressed
gas cylinders?

1. Store in a well-ventilated area, preferably outdoors.

 2. Keep away from sources of heat, ignition, or fire.
3. Ensure cylinders are stored upright on a level surface.
4. Segregate full and empty cylinders.
5. Oxygen and oxidizing gases must be stored separately from flammable gases.
6. Properly label cylinders with details such as product name, manufacturer’s mark, and test
date.
7. Use fire extinguishers in the storage area.
8. Prohibit smoking in storage areas.
9. Ensure cylinders are transported securely and are checked for leaks.

94) What are the types of fire extinguishers commonly used? Briefly explain each
one.

1. Multipurpose Dry Chemical: Used for Class A, B, and C fires. It smothers fires by
cutting off oxygen and is effective for solid, liquid, and electrical fires.
2. Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Used for Class B and C fires, it displaces oxygen, extinguishing
the fire.
3. Halon: Effective for Class A, B, and C fires, mainly used for electrical fires in confined
areas. It works by smothering the fire and was phased out due to its ozone-depleting
properties.
4. Wet Chemical or Foam: Used for Class A and B fires. It cools the fire and forms a foam
blanket, which prevents re-ignition.

95) What is the formula for the incident rate?

Incident Rate formula:

Incident Rate=Number of Recordable Injuries×200,000Number of Employees×Hours Worked\

text{Incident Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of Recordable Injuries} \times 200,000}{\
text{Number of Employees} \times \text{Hours Worked}}

This formula gives the incident rate per 100 full-time employees, based on 40 hours a week for
50 weeks per year.

96) What is First Aid and CPR?

 First Aid: Immediate medical treatment provided to an injured or ill person, typically by
a trained individual until professional medical help arrives.
 CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation): A life-saving technique used when a person’s
heart stops beating or they stop breathing. It involves chest compressions and rescue
breaths.

97) What is fire?

Fire is a chemical reaction of combustion, involving:

 1. Fuel: A substance that burns (e.g., wood, paper, oil).
2. Heat: The temperature at which the fuel ignites.
3. Oxygen: A component that supports the combustion process.

98) How can fire be extinguished?

To extinguish fire, one of the three elements must be removed:

1. Remove the fuel: Taking away the material that’s burning.

2. Cut off the oxygen: Using a fire blanket or foam to cover the fire.
3. Reduce the heat: Applying water or CO2 extinguishers. Never use water on electrical
fires.

99) What common type of fire extinguisher is used for fires?

The ABC Dry Chemical Powder Fire Extinguisher is the most commonly used type. It is
suitable for fighting fires in solid materials, liquids, gases, and electrical fires.

100) What is a Work Permit?

A work permit is a formal authorization that permits workers to carry out specific tasks. It
includes details about the potential hazards, safety measures, and required personal protective
equipment (PPE) for the job.

101) What is a Confined Space?

A confined space is a space with limited entry or exit and could pose hazards such as low
oxygen, toxic gases, or physical risks. Examples include tanks, pits, and pipelines.

102) What is (a) THLV (b) LEL (c) UEL?

 THLV (Threshold Limit Value): The maximum concentration of a substance in the air
that is considered safe for long-term exposure in the workplace.
 LEL (Lower Explosive Limit): The lowest concentration of a flammable gas or vapor
that can ignite in the presence of an ignition source.
 UEL (Upper Explosive Limit): The highest concentration of a gas or vapor in air that
can form a flammable mixture.

103) What are Asphyxiants?

Asphyxiants are gases or chemicals that deprive the body of oxygen, either by displacing
oxygen in the air or by interfering with the body's ability to absorb or use oxygen.

104) What is SCBA?

SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus) is a type of protective gear that provides
breathable air in environments with low oxygen or harmful gases. It is commonly used in
confined spaces or during firefighting operations.

105) What is a Toxic Material?

A toxic material is any substance that can cause damage to the body’s organs or systems
through exposure. These materials can be inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin.

106) What are Flammable and Combustible Liquids?

Flammable liquids have a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C), while combustible liquids have a
flash point above 100°F. Both types can ignite and cause fires when exposed to heat or sparks.

107) What is MSDS?

An MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) is a document that provides detailed information about
a chemical substance, including its properties, hazards, handling instructions, and emergency
response measures.

108) What is a Risk Assessment/Hazard Identification Plan?

A Risk Assessment involves identifying hazards associated with a job, evaluating their potential
consequences, and implementing controls to minimize the risks. The goal is to ensure that work
is done safely.

109) What are the basic components of scaffolds?

1. Base Plate
2. Sill Boards
3. Screw Jack
4. Couplers
5. Vertical Tubes (LEDGERS)
6. Horizontal Tubes (STANDARDS)
7. Transoms
8. Handrails and Mid Rails
9. Toe Boards
10. Platforms
11. Ladders
12. Diagonal Bracing

110) What are the different types of slings used for lifting?

1. Wire Rope Slings: Made from strands of steel wire, they are strong and durable.
2. Synthetic/Nylon Webbings: Lightweight, flexible, and strong, often used for delicate or
sensitive loads.
 3. Chain Slings: Composed of metal links, these are used for heavy-duty lifting in rough
environments.

111) When is a sling considered unsafe for use?

 If 10 wires are broken in one rope lay.

 If 5 wires are broken in one strand.
 If 1/3 of the original diameter is worn or scraped.
 If there is damage like kinks, crushing, bird-caging, or distortion in the wire.
 If there is heat damage.
 If end attachments are cracked, worn, or damaged.
 If hooks are open more than 15% of their normal throat.
 If twisted more than 10 degrees from its original position.

112) What safety measures are required for safe crane operation?

 Crane must be on level ground.

 Outriggers should be fully extended.
 Use stability mats.
 Barricade the swing radius and keep people away from suspended loads.
 Ensure the area is clear of obstacles.
 A load chart should be in the cabin.
 A qualified operator and rigger must be present.
 Only one rigger should signal the operator.
 Don’t lift beyond the crane's rated capacity.
 Wind speed should not exceed 20 mph (32 km/h).
 The anti-two-block system should be operational.
 The load monitoring indicator should work.
 The telescopic boom should be free to move.
 The operator’s cabin should have an unobstructed view.

113) Why should electric tools be used with safety measures?

To prevent electric shocks in case of current leakage.

114) What is the sign of a portable electric tool with double insulation?
It has a double square symbol.
115) Why must tools with broken insulation not be used?
To avoid the risk of electric shock.

116) What is a meager test?

It’s a test to check the insulation breakdown of electric tools.

117) Why is a meager test necessary for electric tools?

Electric tools must be tested to ensure insulation is intact, preventing electric shock.

118) Why should a "dead man" switch be used on electric tools?

To cut off the power if an emergency occurs.

119) Why is safety training required?

It helps employees understand job risks, how to protect themselves, and how to reduce accidents.
Safety training improves safety, prevents harm, and ensures work is completed on time without
interruptions.

120) Why Safety Training is required?

Safety training helps employees understand risks and how to protect themselves. It includes
safety orientation and specific training to identify and reduce hazards. A safe environment
ensures timely, accident-free project completion.

121) What is LOTO?

LOTO stands for Lock Out Tag Out. It’s a safety procedure used to lock equipment during
maintenance to make sure it is safely shut down.

122) What is GFCI?

GFCI stands for Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter. It’s a safety device that cuts off the power to
prevent electric shocks if a ground fault occurs.
123) What is Excavation and Ditches?
Excavation is digging the ground, either by hand or with machines. Ditches are narrow
excavations, usually for drainage or other purposes.

124) What is Confined Space?

A confined space is a place with limited entry or exit, but big enough for a person to work in.
Examples include pits, tanks, and boilers. Hazards include:

 High temperature
 High noise
 Risk of falling
 Low oxygen
 Risk of suffocation

125) What are Scaffolds and their types, and what do they consist of?
Scaffolds are temporary structures that support workers working at height.
Types of Scaffolds:

 System scaffolding
 Underhang scaffolding
 Mobile scaffolding
 Bracket scaffolding
 Tower scaffolding
 Tube and coupler scaffolding

Components of scaffolds include:

 Sole boards
 Base plates
 Posts
 Ledgers
 Couplers (right angle, double, end to end, adjustable, and girder)
 Top rail
 Mid rail
 Toe board
 Bracings (zigzag, transverse, longitudinal, cross)

126) What is KENAPI?

KENAPI nets and catch platforms are used to protect workers from falling objects.
127) Which Permit is used for Vehicles?
Hot Work Permit.

128) What is Risk Assessment?

Risk Assessment is about identifying what could go wrong, understanding the causes, and
finding ways to prevent it.

129) What is Evacuation?

Evacuation involves stopping work, turning off equipment, and heading to the nearest assembly
area. Walk against the wind. If driving, stop, turn off the engine, and go to the assembly area,
leaving the key in the ignition. A safety officer will take a headcount. Don’t return to work until
the all-clear alarm sounds.

130) How many types of accidents occur in construction areas?

 Fatality
 Last work day case
 Restricted work case
 Medical treatment case
 First aid case
 Near miss incident (an incident that could cause harm but was stopped)

131) What is Toolbox Talks?

Toolbox talks are safety meetings that raise awareness about potential risks and issues in the
workplace.

132) What is DBA?

DBA (Decibels A-weighted) measures noise levels. Ear protection is needed when noise reaches
85 DBA.

133) What are LEL and UEL?

 LEL: Lower Explosive Limit

  UEL: Upper Explosive Limit
These refer to the range of flammable or toxic gases. Oxygen levels should be between
19.5% and 23.5%.

134) How many scaffolding tags are used in scaffolding?

 Green tag: Scaffold is safe.

 Yellow tag: Harness required with double lanyard.
 Red tag: Scaffold is unsafe. Only scaffolders can work on it.

135) What are the precautions for Welding?

 Hot work permit required.

 Barricade the area and place warning signs.
 Clear area of combustibles (at least 8 meters away).
 Have fire extinguisher, fire blankets, and fire watchman.
 Welders must use full PPE.

136) What is Safety?

Safety means minimizing risks to a level that is acceptable.

137) What is Fire?

Fire is a chemical reaction where fuel burns, needing three elements: fuel, oxygen, and heat.

138) What is Fuel?

Fuel is any material that can burn, like solid, liquid, or gas.

139) What is Oxygen?

Oxygen is the air we breathe (about 21%), and fire needs at least 16% oxygen to start.

140) What is Heat?

Heat is energy that raises the temperature of fuel enough to cause it to ignite.
142) What is Flash Point?
Flash Point is the lowest temperature at which fuel can release vapors to ignite.

143) What is Dust?

Dust is small particles created by grinding or sieving materials.

144) What are Fumes?

Fumes are tiny solid particles, especially from melting metals, and can be toxic.

145) What are Gases?

Gases are chemicals like chlorine that don't have a fixed shape and can be toxic.

146) What is Mist?

Mist is tiny liquid droplets created from gases or liquids.

147) What are Vapors?

Vapors are gases from liquids or solids that evaporate when heated, like organic solvent vapors.

148) What is Liquid?

Liquid is a substance that flows, such as water or oil.

149) What is Very Toxic?

Very toxic substances can cause death or serious harm even in small amounts.

150) What is Toxic?

Toxic substances cause harm in small amounts when inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed.
151) What is Corrosive?
Corrosive substances can destroy living tissues when in contact with them.

152) What is Density?

Density is the mass of a material per unit volume. Formula: Density = Mass/Volume

153) What is Specific Gravity?

Specific gravity compares the density of a liquid to water. Liquids with specific gravity greater
than 1 sink, and those less than 1 float.

154) What is Heat?

Heat is energy produced by chemical reactions, mechanical actions, or electricity (e.g., electric
heaters).

155) What is an Element?

An element is a substance made of one type of atom, like Carbon.

156) What are Molecules?

Molecules are made when atoms bond together, such as Oxygen or Water.

157) What is a Compound?

A compound is a substance made of more than one type of molecule, like Water.

158) What is Combustion?

Combustion is a chemical process where oxygen combines with fuel. It can be smoldering or
flaming.

159) What is Organizational Culture?

Organizational culture is when workers, supervisors, and managers meet to discuss safety issues
affecting the company.
160) What is Attitude?
Attitude is how a person thinks or feels about something.

161) What are Mistakes or Errors?

Mistakes happen when someone does the wrong thing, thinking it's the right thing.

162) What is the Influence of Peer Group?

A peer group is made up of people with similar ages or backgrounds who interact and influence
each other.

163) What is a Workplace Group?

A workplace group refers to employees' collective behavior and norms in the workplace.

164) What is Communication?

Communication is sharing information through speech, writing, or graphics.

165) What is Written Communication?

Written communication is exchanging information through written forms like notices or letters.

166) What is Oral or Verbal Communication?

Oral or verbal communication happens through speaking, like interviews or phone calls.

167) What are Notices, Posters, and Films?

These are used to highlight hazards, risks, and safety measures. They must be clear and relevant.

168) What are Toolbox Talks?

Toolbox talks are short safety briefings on specific workplace issues.
169) What is the Employee Handbook?
The employee handbook outlines company policies and procedures, useful during induction
training.

170) What is Investigation?

An investigation aims to find the cause of an incident to prevent it from happening again, not to
assign blame.

171) What is Reactive Monitoring?

Reactive monitoring is done after an accident or incident to find the cause.

172) What is Proactive Monitoring?

Proactive monitoring checks if safety practices are being followed to prevent issues before they
occur.

173) What are Maintenance Inspections?

Maintenance inspections involve checking and fixing equipment based on guidelines.

174) What is a Safety Inspection?

A safety inspection checks if safety standards are being met, like checking hazards and fire
equipment.

175) What is a Safety Survey?

A safety survey is a detailed review of specific safety procedures or equipment.

176) What is a Chemical Hazard?

Chemical hazards are risks from substances like liquids, dust, fumes, or mists.
177) What are Biological Hazards?
Biological hazards involve risks from bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

178) What is a Physical Hazard?

Physical hazards include mechanical risks, noise, radiation, heat, and ergonomic problems.

179) What are Psychological Hazards?

Psychological hazards refer to stress and its impact on workers' mental health.

180) What is a Safe Work System?

A safe work system is a procedure created by analyzing a task to control all related risks.

181) What is a Permit to Work?

A permit to work is a formal document that allows work to proceed, ensuring all safety
conditions are met beforehand.