Exercise 2A: Mechanics- Kinematics DISPLACEMENT AVERAGE SPEED AND VELOCITY INSTANTENEOUS VELOCITY ACCELERATION MOTION GRAPH EQUATION

FOR MOTION WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION FREE FALL ACCELERATION Question 1: A toy car is moving at a constant speed of 0.40 ms-1 on a circular track of radius 2.0 m. After moving half a circle, what is a) b) c) d) The distance travelled by the car The displacement of the car The change in velocity of the car The acceleration of the car

Solution: a) Distance travelled = length of the arc AB = R = (2.0)m = 6.28 b) Displacement = AB = 2R = 4.0 m in the direction north of A c) Change in velocity = v u = (0.40) (-0.40) = 0.80 ms-1 to the left d) Time taken to travel from A to B, t = left
  

ms-2 = 0.051 ms-2 to the

Question 2: A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly. After 10.0s. its displacement is 25.0 m. Calculate a) The velocity of the car after 10.0 s b) The acceleration

c) The displacement in the next 10.0 s if the car continuous its motion with the same acceleration.

Solution: a) Using s = (u + v) t 25.0 = (0 + v) (10.0) v = 5.0 ms-1

b) Acceleration, a =

ms-2 = 0.50 ms-2

c) After t = (10 + 10)s = 20s v = u + at = 0 + (0.50)(20) = 10.0 ms-1 Displacement in the second 10.0 s of the motion, s = (u + v)t = (5.0 + 10.0)(10.0)m = 75.0 m

Question 3 When a driver of a car jams on the brakes, the wheels are lock and the car skids across the road. In an accident, the brake marks on the road is 64 m. Assuming that the dynamic friction between the tyres of the car and the road is half the weight of the car, estimate the speed of the car just before the wheels are locked. Solution: Dynamic friction retard the car, hence Dynamic friction = 0.5mg = -ma a = - 0.5g

Let speed of car just before the wheels are locked = u, final velocity v = 0, s = 64 m. Using v2 = u2 + 2as 0 = u2 2(-0.5) (9.81) (64) u = 25.1 ms-1

Question 4 A driver leaves his car without applying the handbrakes on a road inclined at an angle of 25o. the car starts roll down the road with the driver chasing after it. After moving a distance of 20 m, the speed of the car is 5.0 m s-1. The mass of the car is 1200 kg. Calculate the static friction between the tyres and the road. Solution: Initial velocity, u=0 Final velocity, v=5.0 m s-1 S = 2.0m Using v2 = u2 + 2as Acceleration, a = ms-2 = 0.625 ms-2

Component of the weight mg of the car y y Along the inclined road is mg sin 25o Perpendicular to the inclined road is mg cos 25o = normal reaction R.

Applying F = ma , mg sin 25o - Fs = ma Friction, Fs = mg sin 25o ma = (1200)(9.81) sin 25o (1200)(0.625) = 4.23 x 103 N

Question 5 Three forces of 5.0 N, 7.0 N and 9.0 N acting on a particle are in equilibrium. Calculate the angles between the forces. Illustrate your answer in a diagram.

Question 6 A force of 4.0 N and another force of 20.0 N act on a body of mass 6.0 kg at the same time. Calculate a) The maximum acceleration

b) The minimum acceleration of the body.

Question 7 A load of 3500 kg is lifted vertically by a cable attached to a crane. The cable can support a maximum tension of 4.5 x 104 N. a) Calculate the tension in the cable when a. The load is lifted vertically at a constant speed of 2.5 ms-1 b. The load is lowered down at a constant acceleration of 1.5 ms-2 b) Explain quantitatively how the cable may break when lifting the same load.