Sh e k c M m j

(a a
u M)

A d f L N m j A S j

pQf
pQf .................................................................................................................................................1
HLV Lguv....................................................................................................................................... 8
YL nql AlZ qmj .......................................................................................................................... 8
AlZcn faql............................................................................................................................... 8
cJue Bhcm hpal pb Oe pfL .................................................................................................. 9
eMm fsu Sjua fcnL Agp fe ............................................................................................... 9
hfL pwNWeL pgl ...........................................................................................................................10
mql eMm fLe pjme 1963.......................................................................................................10
pjme flQmel eajm fZue ..........................................................................................................11
pjmel Lkj ................................................................................................................................11
mql pjmel hajdj LjpQ.........................................................................................................12
jSmp nlu jJmel elf Cp ........................................................................................................13
1964 pml SeulJa Sjua hBCe Ooa......................................................................................13
mql Sm fyRmj............................................................................................................................13
jJmel Oe pd c'jp .................................................................................................................14
jJmel clp ....................................................................................................................................15
Sm Bjl hNa LjpQ ....................................................................................................................15
ena J Mhl Evph ............................................................................................................................15
Sm lkl jp ..................................................................................................................................17
mql Sm jSmp nll Adhne ........................................................................................................17
HLV R OVe...................................................................................................................................18
hQlfal pje qSl qmj .................................................................................................................19
YL lJue........................................................................................................................................19
YL Sm fyRmj.............................................................................................................................. 20
Sm e flhae ............................................................................................................................... 20
Sm flhl-flSel pb prv ..........................................................................................................21
YL Sm ps fyQ jp........................................................................................................................22
BVLcnl juc hl AjehL fa...................................................................................................22
Sm Bjl 4 iC ...............................................................................................................................22
LlNl eu; nrNl ........................................................................................................................... 23
Sm AdLl Bcu ............................................................................................................................ 23
LlNll qpfam........................................................................................................................... 24
Sm bL j ................................................................................................................................... 25
lnpel hl NZaL IL ........................................................................................................... 25
pjma hld cme fpXV fb jeeue .......................................................................................... 25
Sjual pje hlV pjp.................................................................................................................26
Sjual fr pfj LVl lu ........................................................................................................... 27
pl fLe CEeue ehQel asSl................................................................................................ 27
CEeue ehQel cn .......................................................................................................................... 28
fpXV ehQe ................................................................................................................................. 28
flr J far ehQe..........................................................................................................................29
fh- fLel Niel ............................................................................................................................29
jeuj Mel npejm .......................................................................................................................31
R Ae ppl pQe........................................................................................................................ 33

"65 pml HLV OVe.......................................................................................................................... 33

apMc OoZ.................................................................................................................................... 34
Lnl pjp ...................................................................................................................................... 35
apMc BCuh Mel LVeaL flSu................................................................................................... 36
BCuh-hld NZaL Bcme........................................................................................................... 36
fXHj NWe ...................................................................................................................................... 37
fXHj fn fh- fL BJuj mN dhiL .......................................................................................... 37
fXHj-Hl 8 .................................................................................................................................... 38
nM jShl ci ............................................................................................................................ 39
nM jShl 6 cg.............................................................................................................................. 40
6 cg J jJme ipe....................................................................................................................... 40
fXHj-Hl pwOWeL LWj ................................................................................................................41
fXHj-Hl 8 cg iL Bcme .........................................................................................................41
fXHj-Hl fQlike.........................................................................................................................41
Lju pd hWL................................................................................................................................ 42
Lcu eahcl pgl ......................................................................................................................... 43
fh- fLe Qlj lSeaL hri ....................................................................................................... 44
BCuh Mel cn hRll lnpel fau............................................................................................ 44
BNlam osk jjm.......................................................................................................................... 45
1968 pm fXHj-Hl EcN Bjl fQj-fLe pgl ........................................................................ 45
Sepiu Bjl k............................................................................................................................. 46
1968 pml Bcme ......................................................................................................................... 47
YLu DAC NWe ................................................................................................................................. 47
DAC-Hl 8 cg.................................................................................................................................. 48
Bcme a EWm............................................................................................................................ 48
BCuh Mel BapjfZ ....................................................................................................................... 49
lEVhm Leglp ........................................................................................................................... 50
NmVhm hWL Bjacl amL....................................................................................................... 50
NmVhm hWL l .............................................................................................................................51
HLpb YL fahae..........................................................................................................................51
8 jQ mql XLl hWL.....................................................................................................................51
jJme jJccl pb nM jShl prv ................................................................................................ 52
AeQa AhuC lJumf Nje ......................................................................................................... 53
lEVhm Llglpl hhlZ............................................................................................................... 54
pwhcLcl fu fsmj ................................................................................................................... 54
qm gl Hmj .................................................................................................................................. 54
NmVhml no hWL......................................................................................................................... 55
Bj NmVhm hWLl pj OoZ LlRz'' ........................................................................................... 55
NmVhm hWLl Qlj hba................................................................................................................ 55
jJme jJccl pb hWL .................................................................................................................. 55
YLu gl Hmj ................................................................................................................................ 56
BCuh Mel rja ql .................................................................................................................... 57
CuqCu Mel rja NqZ..................................................................................................................... 57
NZaL Bcmel pgm .................................................................................................................. 57
HLSe 6 cg fZal ch.................................................................................................................... 58
nM jShl pb Oe prv................................................................................................................ 59

CuqCu Mel lSeaL OoZ ............................................................................................................ 60

11 Seul BJuj mNl Sepi ......................................................................................................... 60
fVe juce Sjual Sepil fa ....................................................................................................61
aMeLl fVe juce............................................................................................................................62
18 alMl Sepi ..............................................................................................................................62
HLSe pwhcL Hme......................................................................................................................... 64
nql Agp Nje................................................................................................................................. 64
qpfam......................................................................................................................................... 65
19 alMl fL .............................................................................................................................. 65
19 Seul pu jJme jJcc pb prv ...........................................................................................66
hohf ehQe Aike ........................................................................................................................66
ehQe Sjua Cpmjl AwnNqZl p ............................................................................................ 67
Sjual eje hRC......................................................................................................................... 67
ehQe cys Llhl Se Sjua Aa kfZ J eueN fa Ahme Llz................................................ 68
Aee cm fb hRCul fa ............................................................................................................ 68
Sjual hRC Ll Bpe pwM ............................................................................................................69
ehQe Aikel Aia.....................................................................................................................69
ehQe Aee cml qm...................................................................................................................... 70
iV Lcl qm ................................................................................................................................. 70
ehQe gmgm....................................................................................................................................71
pl fLe ehQel gmgm ..............................................................................................................71
ehQe jhlLhc ............................................................................................................................... 72
CuqCu Mel Nsjp ......................................................................................................................... 72
H Nsjpl Bpl LlZ......................................................................................................................... 72
pjdel HLV jqv fQ.................................................................................................................... 73
ehQe flha fe ae jp................................................................................................................. 74
Sjual Lcu jSmp nll ehQel fbj hWL............................................................................... 75
3 jQ YLu Bqa NZflocl Adhne Bqel fau........................................................................... 76
YL Adhne jmah Lll fau....................................................................................................... 77
YLu 2 jQl qlam........................................................................................................................... 77
3 jQ fcnhf qlam....................................................................................................................... 77
fh-fLe plLl nM jShl euZ .................................................................................................. 78
7 jQ lpLp nM jSh .................................................................................................................... 79
Sjua Cpmjl ch ........................................................................................................................ 79
fQj-fLel 40 Se Sau pwpc pcp ............................................................................................. 80
CuqCu-jSh IaqpL pwmf ............................................................................................................ 80
pwmfl Mhl pwNq ..............................................................................................................................81
pwmfl no fku.............................................................................................................................. 82
Ah Sel BlJ Q ......................................................................................................................... 82
pwmfl LaL lafZ Mhl.................................................................................................................. 83
nM jSh L ihRme?....................................................................................................................... 83
fyQnl chNa la............................................................................................................................. 84
26 jQ pLm .................................................................................................................................... 85
nqll Ah NMa Nmj .................................................................................................................... 85
HMe L Ll? ..................................................................................................................................... 86
Qlj Aa LVR ............................................................................................................................. 87

jmi glc Bqjc Hme.................................................................................................................... 88

Selm V Mel pb prv............................................................................................................. 89
jlc pqhl pb fljn .................................................................................................................... 90
Seh elm Bjel ioZ.......................................................................................................................91
jmi glc Bqjcl ioZ...................................................................................................................91
ioZl fkmQe ................................................................................................................................91
no fk k p ea hd qmj...........................................................................................................92
Sephl HLV EcqlZ.........................................................................................................................92
CuqCu plLll lkLl hqe NWe ..................................................................................................... 93
SeNZl jeih ................................................................................................................................ 94
Bjl jepL fau .........................................................................................................................96
"71-Hl hs hs cV im ....................................................................................................................... 97
n LjV NWe ...................................................................................................................................99
n LjVl avfla...........................................................................................................................101
n LjVl Ll Ll Afavfla ......................................................................................................101
hcn pgl.......................................................................................................................................101
H pgl l qm hqlCe bL .............................................................................................................102
pgl pb cM qm L dl cm ez..................................................................................................103
hqlCel ip pwNq..........................................................................................................................104
hqlCe Bjl fNj........................................................................................................................104
YLu gl Hmj ...............................................................................................................................106
hqlCe j pqhl Lb.................................................................................................................106
hqlCe Bjl au EMkN fNj.................................................................................................107
pc Blh lJue .............................................................................................................................108
pc Blh pgll En....................................................................................................................108
H LS Le qa cmj?......................................................................................................................109
Aehcl LS l qm .......................................................................................................................110
elhm mMl flhn........................................................................................................................110
ip-pjpu fsmj ........................................................................................................................... 111
q Efmr Sl hCl 21 ce Ahe ................................................................................................ 111
Aehc fZ jekN cmj..................................................................................................................112
jce nlg kula ............................................................................................................................113
jpScl cV fde BLoZ..................................................................................................................114
jpSc ehh ....................................................................................................................................114
jpScl LuLV hn .....................................................................................................................115
lpm (p)-Hl jkl nlg ....................................................................................................................115
hh Shlm .....................................................................................................................................116
Bpqh pgg .................................................................................................................................. 116
lpm (p)-Hl Lhll fn BlJ c'Sel Lhl ......................................................................................... 116
Lhl kula......................................................................................................................................117
HL Cc Q..................................................................................................................................118
nM jShl Nl x BNl J fll Ah ...............................................................................................118
jkcl avfla ......................................................................................................................... 119
hpjlL Niel euN .......................................................................................................................119
Ccl Nl p.............................................................................................................................120
14 BN fLel dea chp fme.................................................................................................. 121

6 pVl fLe pwqa chp fmez ................................................................................................... 121

"71-Hl nocL ...............................................................................................................................122
Hhll q ......................................................................................................................................122
ipl SVmau fsmj .......................................................................................................................123
ju Ahe .....................................................................................................................................123
q Eckfel hno hh..................................................................................................................123
CSaju q ...................................................................................................................................124
jeu lJue ....................................................................................................................................124
Hhll CSaju q.........................................................................................................................125
qScl Se plLl hhfe..............................................................................................................125
q pjd qm..................................................................................................................................126
p-phm AhuC q Ll EQa............................................................................................................127
q decl L nMu..........................................................................................................................127
kLa deL nr cu........................................................................................................................128
q deL nMu ...............................................................................................................................128
pc Blh hwmcn ........................................................................................................................128
hhp-hZS hwmcn......................................................................................................................130
pc Blh hwmcncl pd ..........................................................................................................130
Sjual Ljfloc Bjl lfV .......................................................................................................131
fpXV CuqCul pb prv.............................................................................................................132
jjwpl fQ..................................................................................................................................132
X. S. XhE Qdl.............................................................................................................................133
AM fLel no ceml ijL ....................................................................................................134
YL lJue qmj ..............................................................................................................................136
Lm hje hcl AhalZ ..................................................................................................................137
S hje hcl AhalZ....................................................................................................................137
qVm Ahe ................................................................................................................................. 138
jJme nlL...................................................................................................................................139
qljl pjeu fyRl BN cChu ...................................................................................................140
cc qlj fyRmj..........................................................................................................................141
jpScm qlj fyRmj.....................................................................................................................142
Jjlq Ll qm.................................................................................................................................142
Bjl Jjlq Ll pj qm ................................................................................................................144
kjkjl fe.....................................................................................................................................144
kjkjl fel fQk ............................................................................................................................144
kjkjl fe fel hno euj ............................................................................................................146
Su Bjl jqjecl .....................................................................................................................146
jce nlg ......................................................................................................................................147
jqjeMel Lqe ............................................................................................................................148
HLV nl qcuhclL ja .................................................................................................................148
Sl fb hje..............................................................................................................................149
LlQa HLce.................................................................................................................................149
fLe Lbu bLh ......................................................................................................................149
fh- fLel Mhl ............................................................................................................................150
fh- fLel falr........................................................................................................................151
12 bL 16 Xpl ...........................................................................................................................151

16 Xpl .......................................................................................................................................152
ilau fmjV Ccl Nl hSu ioZ..............................................................................................152
BJuj mNl BcnL Adxfae...........................................................................................................152
16 Xpl hSu chp ........................................................................................................................153
16 Xpl Bjl Aeia ....................................................................................................................154
cnl Mhl e fJul Ala ..............................................................................................................155
CuqCu Mel pb prv...................................................................................................................155
fQj-fLe fau.....................................................................................................................156
pn hqea fau pma HLV hC.................................................................................................156
pn hqel fau .........................................................................................................................157
1971-Hl no fla........................................................................................................................158
fLe pnhqel eaa hic.........................................................................................................158
18 bL 20 Xpl...........................................................................................................................160
pjlL npL j. i ........................................................................................................................160
cV hs pjp .................................................................................................................................. 161
Lcu jSmp nll Adhne .............................................................................................................162
jJme jJcc Cjlal cua bL Ahqa QCme ...............................................................................163
Bjl Sjual ehQe fa ............................................................................................................163
ehQel Se fem NWe....................................................................................................................164
fLe Bjl hfL pgl .................................................................................................................164
Bjl me khl fQ.......................................................................................................................165
fLe uih hphpl fh..........................................................................................................166
Bkc-Lnl pgl..............................................................................................................................166
lXJ bL Bjl ha .....................................................................................................................167
fpXVl pb pSe prv .............................................................................................................168
Qg-pVll pb Cpmjhc prv ..................................................................................................168
fLe bL hl qhl dc ................................................................................................................170
ql fa......................................................................................................................................170
H Mhll hfL fau.....................................................................................................................171
jJme LJpl euS .......................................................................................................................172
LJpl euSl Adxfae ....................................................................................................................172
j. il pb pral En Cpmjhc Nje......................................................................................173
Bjl ej imhl lN ........................................................................................................................174
j. il pb prv..........................................................................................................................175
jJme jJccl pb hcu prv .......................................................................................................176
jJme bL hcu emj ...................................................................................................................177
Vjl BlqZ.................................................................................................................................177
Vjl 7 ce....................................................................................................................................179
jl Bjl ha ............................................................................................................................179
au ha......................................................................................................................................180
Cumjmj Cqlj hydA......................................................................................................................180
S hcl AhalZ............................................................................................................................181
hwmcn bL BNa qS ...................................................................................................................182
Sjua Cpmj hwmcn-Hl pwNWeL EcN..................................................................................... 183
Sjua Cpmj hwmcn-Hl Se Bjl LlZu .................................................................................... 183

HLV Lguv
BaShe mMl Bjl Le flLfe Rm e hm "Bjl She k cMmj' al lLX lMez papNl je LlC
BjL mMa qRz lSeaL abhm LuLV hC bL pwNq Llz Bl hL phC pal Efl eil Ll mMz
1930 pm kMe Bjl hup 8 aMe bL mM l Ll Bjl mM H fk 1964 pm fyRRz L paeil qJuu
Le hou hc fs Nm Bhl fRel LbJ EM Ll quz 1962 pml hno HLV hou EM LlR, k BN mM
quez

YL nql AlZ qmj

1962 pml Hfm Sau J fcnL BCe pil ehQel fl plLl Bjl Qmgll Efl euZ Blf Llmz
YL nqll hCl Bjl kJu eo Ll qmz LlZ 1961 pm BCuh Me Cpmjl flhlL BCe flhae Ll
k AXep Sl Lle, Hl hl Bj LlBe J qcpl k cu ah fahcjmL hh lMajz hi Smnqll Sepiu H hou Bjl ha h LlC plLll En Rmz
jJme jJccl EcN fQj-fLel 14 Se eaeu Bmjl hha Ec bL hwmu Aehc Ll fhfLel BmjNZl cMa pwNq Ll fLLl fQl Ll quz Cpmjl flhlL BCel Efl H SOe qjml
fahc E hhaa hm k cu fjZ Ll qu k, BCuh Mel gjm m' AXep LlBe J qcpl f
hldz
fLel Lcu BCe floc Seh Bp Bm Me H AXep haml Se hm fn LlRmez L BCuh Mel
AeNa jpmj mN fmjVl fV H hml hml Efl BmQe LlaC cuez
YL nql AlZ Lll BN fmnl fnm h Agp eu BjL HLV fnjm cmz fnml jd hn L'V
eaNa bLu Bj SJuh cJu fuSe je Llmj z cnl BCe J npe pfL Sjua Cpmjl ci J
jaja fLn Lll pkN qphC Bj mMa hh fn Llmjz fnm CwlSa Rm hm SJuhJ CwlSa
cmjz Bjl SJuhl Le hlf fau plLll fr bL Bjl eLV fyRez Bj Aeih Llmj k, plLl
pqp, Bahnp J Bcnhc mLl pb haL m qa Qu ez n fuN Ll Bcnl fald LlC plLl
eaz Bj k mMR, a Me Ll ph ek hm BjL SeNZl eLV bL hR lMl Ljamh Bjl Efl
AlZcn Sl Ll qmz
Bjl Ljl YL nqlC pjh qu Nm z Sepiu ha Ll eo qk Nmz ah YL nql Bjl Nahd
euZ Ll quez Ahn ph pju acl LE Bjl fRe mN bLaz Bj fa hl hi hs jpSc hh
fn Llaj z pq c'V jpSc clp LlBe Ahqa Rmz

AlZcn faql
fcnL BCe piu jJme Bhcp phqe hld cml XfV mXl Rmez cJue Bhcm hpa mXl Ah c
qES Rmez 1963 pm jJme Bhcp phqe BCe floc Bjl AlZcnl hl ah fahc Ll hmme,
""Ql, XLa J c mLcl cje Lll pd plLll eCz L AdfL Nmj Bkjl ja Qlhe J Bcnhc
mLL YL nql BVL Ll lMl L k bLa fl? ayl hl Sl Ll AlZcn Le Ahqa lM quR, a
cnhp Sea Quz'' mXl Ah c qES cJue Bhcp hpa p p SJuh hmme, ""Bj Ahmj H houV
8

cMh Hhw BNjLmC qES H hou hh ch''z fll ce cJue hpa flocl hWLl laC OoZ
Llme, ""AdfL Nmj Bkjl Efl bL plLl eod faql Ll euRz'' kc BCe floc Bjl fr Lb
hml LE e bLa aqm qua I eod AeLce hqm bLaz

cJue Bhcm hpal pb Oe pfL

cJue pqhl hX jmihSlz Bj pwNWeL pgl pMe Nmjz cJue pqh Bjl pb cM Ll ayl hs
khl cJua cmez pe-alM je eCz aMe ae plLl cua Rme ez Lb-hau Hje nlg jeo LjC cM
kuz cMaJ Aa pflo Rmez j bLLmJ ayl cs Rmz Nul lwJ Rm Em gp z ae Hje jqal
pb cJua cme k, pb pbC Lhm e Ll flmj ez ayl pb Bjl pfL HihC l qm Hhw Jl EcN
aylCz Bj jmihSl Nm Hhw ae hsa bLm ayl hsa kaC qaz
1974 pm ae j nlg ku uih bLl Q Llez aMe Bjl hdajmL ehpe She QmRz
Bjl Ahe meiL Rmz fahRl ql jJpj me bL pc Blh kajz Sjua Cpmj hwmcnl
cuanm J Cpmj R pwNWel pifa q Efmr kaez Cpmj Bcme pfL jaheju J fljnl Se
Bjcl pjha qhl HVC HLj pqS pkN Rmz j jlgC cM qu Nmz ae HL lLj Sl LlC ayl
hpu eu Nmez ayl ALj jqa imhl euz Sea QCmj, cn khe Le z hmme, ""pMe je jVC n
fC ez HMe cnl Se cu Ll n hd Llz'' Sea QCmj, pju LV Lih? hmme, ""kph hwmcn
gjm HMe bL Jcl hQcl mMfsl hh eCz Blh J hwm nMhl Se R HLV m flQme Llz''
1977 pm fk fa ql pju j nlg ayl pb cM qaz HLhl ae cn Qm Bpu cM quez H jeoVL
Bj Bql fu hc je LlC jqa Llajz
Bjl eNlLa jjm kMe qCLV Qm aMe Bj Smz hl c'Se hQlfa c'lLj lu cJuu aau hQlfal
LV jjm Qmmz aau hQlfal lu Bjl fr qJuu qCLV Bj Sa Nmjz Sm bL hl qhl fl Sea
flmj k, I aau hQlfa BeJulm qL Qdl cJue Bhcm hpa pqhl Sjaz Bjl jjmu H hQlfa
aau SS qph euNl Mhl fLu fs LuLSe Sm LjLa BjL jhlLhc Seu hmme, ""H hQlfal
eLV phQl fhez'' H hQlfa pfL fh Bjl LRC Se Rm ez

eMm fsu Sjua fcnL Agp fe

1958 pm pjlL npe Sl qm 205 ew eJuhfl lX Sjual fcnL Agp plLl pm Ll cuz hRl
c'HL fl I Oll jmL achl Ll al jmLe hqm Lla prj quz c'hRl hQl is fuez jmLL Ol hgu
chl pju Sjual hC, gCm J Bphhf plLl plu euz
1962 pml Se kMe pjlL BCe faql Ll qu aMe Sjual fcnL Agp fel fuSe cM cuz
fcnL Bjl jJme jqjc Bhcl lqj 1960 pm eMm fsu HLV pjfL hs Le hphp LlRmez YL
nql Sjual lLe Seh jqhhl lqje lq Hl BNC pMe hpa fe Llez aeC jJmeL hs Leu
pqkNa Llez acl c'Sel EcN J Qu eMm fsu HL M Sj Le pjfL Ol am fcnL Agp
fe Ll quz Bj pCLm jNhSl bL Agp kajz eLV Le jpSc e bLu HLV Ljl fyQ Jul
ejkl Se lM quz Agp pVl Rme Seh jqhhl lqje, ke haje YLl ljfl HmLu hphp Lle
Hhw qjJ Xl Llez

hfL pwNWeL pgl

pjlL npeLm Sjual ej fLn k Le Ljavfla hBCe Rmz L Cpmjl cJua Lkj qLjal
pb fme Llu HLcL kje pwNWei phC LS Lll pkN fuR, AflcL pwNWeL LWjJ hqm lM
ph quR aRs Cpmj Bcmel fihhmu pfpla quRz Cpmj pjel, plah pjme, agpl
jqgm Cacl hel H ph BuSe Sjual mLlC cN ijL fme LlRz Eccl eaa Hph mL
Cpmjl LS euSa bLu flfl Oe pfL Ns EWz
Sjua eaeih fLn pwNWeL avfla l Llm cuanmcl pb flQa I ph mLL pqSC pwNWepi
Ll Nmz LuL jpl jdC pjlL npel fhl pL pwMl Z, LbJ aeZ eae Lj kNs qmz
pjel, pjme J jqgm Sjual k LuSe eaeu h clp J ha cuRe, qSl qSl na acl
ej SeRe J acl hh BL quRez H flQa hNZl ej Sjual Sepi Aeel hfL LjpQ NqZ
Ll quz pjlL npel fhl ameu H ph Sepiu AeL hn SepjNj qa bLz
H LjpQ pgm Lll En fcnL pVl qph BjL plcn hfL pgl Lla quz fcnL Bjl
jJme jqjc Bhcl lqj Sjual pqa Ec bL hwmu Aehc hn pju cae hm pjC ayl pgl
Ha hn ph quez

mql eMm fLe pjme 1963

pjlL npe faqll 24 OVl jd Bjl Sjua jJme jJccl ecn fh J fQj-fLel ph
pwNWeL avfla l quz 1962 pml Se bL hfL Evpq-Efel pb cJua J pwNWe hl mi Lla
bLz Lcu Sjua 1963 pml Ahl mql eMm fLe pjmel BuSe Llz
BCuh Mel lnpel hl Sjual hmoW hh J "61 pm Sl Ll gjm m' AXepl hl fhm
Seja p Llu BCuh Me Sjual Efl r qez aye lj qhhq Me Sjual hl SOe BjZaL
hha ca bLez H Bn cM cm k, Sjual pjme qa ch Lez
Sjual fr bL pjmel Se kph jucel Aeja QJu qu Hl LeVuC Aeja cm e z Sjua mqllJumf jqpsLl fn fu HL LmjVl cO HmLu pjmel BuSe Lla hd quz I eV f Mh Lj
bLu cO Ha m HmL Ss ayh MVa quRz pha plLll dlZ Rm k, Hje Ahh J AphdSeL e
pjmel Aeja cm Sjua pjme Ll bL hla bLhz L Sjua kMe pjmel BuSe LlC gmm,
aMe HVL hb Lll Se plLl jCL hhqll Aeja ca ALl Llmz
H Sau Aeja chl CMaul fcnL plLllz 1956 pml npea Aeku fQj-fLel 4V fcnL
"fQj-fLe fcn" ej cu HLV fcn flZa Ll quz I pju p fcnl Niel Rme BCuh Mel hwnhc
eJuh Bjl jqjc Me ejL HL hlV Sjclz Lc kje fpXV BCuh pLm rjal jmL Rme, aje
fcnL NielJ fcn fZ rja iN Llaez
Bjl jqjc Me Aa pwLZje J qwp fLal Rmez Sjual fa cnje Lll k ecn al fi BCuh Me
bL fme a ae SOeihC fme Llmez SjuaL pjmel Aeja cJu pJ jCL hhql Lll Aeja
e cJuV La eL jel flQu hqe Ll a Aejuz

10

I pjme fh-fLe bL Bjl j 103 Se kN ca prj qCz pjmel Q HMe Bjl QM ipz
pjmemC faV pjpl jLhm Lll Se Lcu Ljflocl hWL p cJu qaz jJme jqjc Bhcl
lqj J Bj I flocl pcp Rmjz Niell hqe k Le pju BjZ Lla fl hm Bn bLu pj
fcn, hmQe J EfSa HmLl RphLNZ acl mCppdl hcL J fm eu fql cRez el mWdl
RphLNZ hlV pjme HmL OlJ Ll lMRez fla cM Bjl je qm ke kl juce BRz

pjme flQmel eajm fZue

pjme pgm Lll En Bjl Sjual eaa Ljfloc p ehl pju jJmel hpuLl pqp J cta
Hhw faV pjpl LkLl pjde chl kNa cM Bjl Al fau p qm k, Bq aBm H jeoVL HLV
hfh Bcme flQmel khau kNaC ce LlRez Ljflocl hi hWL ayl fha J Ljfloc LaL
Nqa ppjql LuLV hnoih EMkN x
1z pjme qjm Lla Bpm RphLNZ aclL OlJ Ll fmn pfc Llhez eSl aclL jlhe ez
acl En pjme f Llz aclL jlmC fmn acl fr qu qjm Llhz pjme pgm Lla qm
Qlj dkl pb H p je Qma qhz
2z pjmel XmNVNZ eS eS fm Bpe NqZ Llhez Ae k-C OVL jl fr bL ecn e fJu fk
phC Bpe Ahe Llhez LE eSl p cysu khe ez pjmel nMml Se H ecn fme Ll
hnoih Sllz
3z RphLNZ eS eS Ljlcl ecn haa Le LR Llhe ez XmNVlcl LE eSC RphLl LS
Llhe ez RphLNZL hi Nf hi Ll ec cua eJu quRz Le Nf eScl cual hCl
LR Llhe ez
Hph lafZ p jCL RsC pwn phCL Lje Ll fyRe ph qm Bjl eLV HMe a jqhpuz p
NqZLl hWL Bj Rmj hm Bjl plplC Se ph Rm z La hs pwNWeL nMm bLm Hph p hhue
ph a ihm AhL qa quz Bjl je quR k, Bjl khu Rmjz jJme jJccl ja pefal frC
Hje SVm flaa eSl peLclL pWL faa flQme Ll ph Rmz

pjmel Lkj
pjmel fbj LSC Rm Bjl Sjual Ede ioZz ae fhl laC ioZV mM lal jdC LuLn Lf
Rfu ehl hh Llmez pLm 10Vu Ede ioZ chl Lbz XmNVNZ hiNiL hi fm Ahe
LlRez faV fml jTMe HLV Ll Vhm lM quz jJmel ja ioZ Vhm cysu fs ehl hh
qmz j kMe jJme ioZ ce p pjuC HLkN pLm fm phC ioZ ka ea fl, p EnC Hje
Aa BuSez
fh-fLe bL kl NuRmj acl pwM Lj qJuu jl LR Lcu cuanmNZl pbC Bjcl hpl hh
qmz jJme jJccl Ll BJuS EQ Rm ez jCL Rs ae kbph EQxl ioZ l Llmez
LuL jeV flC Bjcl hlhl jqpsLl fnl ayha Be cM Nm Hhw ml n e Nm z pjmem
Qmgl Lll Se k l lM quR, p l dl 10/12 Se mL cs jl 40/50 qa LR Hp q Q l Ll
cmz mr Llmj k, RphLNZ aclL OlJ Ll I l dlC aclL plu eu kRz q-qj Lll pju

11

fh iou HLV Lb e Nm "jJcc ap Nl Hu' (jJcc aj Nl)z jJme cysu ioZ cRme,
jJmel elfu ek h QvLl Ll hmme, "jJme hp ke'z L jJme ioZ Qm lMa Nu hmme,
""BjC kc hp fs aqm cysu bLh L?'' jJme ioZce Ahqa lMmez
qjLlclL OlJ Ll lu Vqmla fmnl qa cJu qmz Xc HclL jlfV Ll qa aqm pjme
nfZih Qma fla ez Bj hpul pb mr Llmj, k ayha Be mNe quRm, p ayhl XmNVlJ
Al qu cysu kuez RphLl Be eiu gmmz Bl phC jJmel ioZ I fml fWLcl jM ea
bLmz
ml BJuS pfL Se Nm k, Bq hMn ej HLSe Lj nqc quRez OaLL RphLNZ dl fmnl
qa cu cmez nqcl J fnl jqm-Lf Rmez j nqcl jkc fhe Se ae HLcj n qu Nme
hm eRz Ede Adhnel fl hlal pju Bj Aeja eu nqcL cMa Nmjz pMe is Lla cJu
que hm pqSC cM Nmz Bjl L Hm Hhw jc BJuS Lyca mNmjz c'Se BjL pe cu L bju
cmez
Bjl Sjual ecn nqcl Se XmNVcl jd bL HL mM lful aqhm pwNq qu Nmz ae OoZ
Llme k, H Mel jjm ae Bq aBmq LV fn LlRez Bpm hQl a BMlaC qhz ceua Niel
Bjl jqjc Mel Aa AfjeSeL ja quz al RmC aL qa Ll mn NlS gm lMz al H fZal
Lb Se jJme Le jh Lleez
92.

mql pjmel hajdj LjpQ

Sjua Cpmjl pjme IaqNaih kph LjpQ bL H pjme jCL hhql Lla e cJuu p dlel LRC
Ll ph quez pjme clp LlBe, hi lafZ hou ha, hoL lfV, f hhm NqZ J pjfe ioZ
Cac LeVC ph quez HLj Ede ioZ k Aieh faa flhne Ll quflhne Ll quR, Aee
LjpQ pih fme Ll HLhlC Ahhz
ae cehf pjme c'ceC pj Ll qmz pjmel fr bL fuSeu fh NqZl En pjmel HLV
faedajmL hWL XL qu, kMe pLm Sml BjlNZ Efa qez Bjl Sjual pjfe ioZl ja Lf
Sm Bjlcl qa cJu qu, ka Sm bL BNa XmNVclL eu cJu kuz
pjmel c'ce lS 4 OV pju HL hajd LjpQ fme Ll quz fbj ce Ede Adhnel fl Hhw au ce
pLm 9V bL H LjpQ l quz qSl qSl XmNVclL mql nql Ol Ol, cLe cLe ku cJua
chl Se cua cJu qkz 8/10 Sel HL-HLV Nf NWe Ll mql nql Rsu cJul hh Ll quz BjJ
HL Nfl Bjl Rmjz
pjme nqll fn jqpsL qJuu nqlhpl Laqm a RmC; pjmel pb plLll hl BQlZl Lb
fLl jdj AeLlC Se Rmz gm cJua Nf phC pqeia fuR z Bjl Rm HL cmi Aiaz
Bjl LbJ hlf flal pjMe qCez SeNZ BjclL pcl NqZ LlRz LbJ LbJ Bfue Ll
Bjcl fa pje fcne LlRz
cJua Bjl aeV Lb hmRz Sjua Cpmj L Qu? plLl Le SjuaL hlcna Lla Qu e ? Sjua k
Qu a kc Bfel Qe aqm Sjual pjbL qez c'ce mql nql jV cs mM mL Sjual jgL
(pjbL) qez

12

NV nql Sjua SeNZl BmQ hou flZa quz SeNZl BlL pqeia BjclL E Llz pjmel H
OZ-cJual LjpQ pjmel Bpm pgm hm NZ quz

jSmp nlu jJmel elf Cp

pjmel Ede Adhne plLl hqel ph BjZ pfL pu pjmemC jSmp nll Adhne
hpz hWL Bjl Sjual elf pfL BmQe quz fh Ll qu k, lal hmV jJme eSl hsa
LVe, flce pLm Bhl pjmem Bphez jJme H fh faMe Ll hme, ""Bj HMeC Bfecl pb
bLhz pjmel hCl ku Bj je jVC nhd Llh ez''
pjmel fl jSmp nll Adhne Sjua Agp Aea quz HMe Bhl jJmel elfjmL L L hh
eJu fuSe, p hou BmQe Qm z jJme hme, ""Bjl Se kc Bq Le m ec LlC bLe aqm
Bfecl Le hhC LS Bph ez Bfel L BjlLl fpXVl elfl QuJ hn LkLl hh Lla
flhe? aC AihL LRC Lll fuSe eCz'' Hl LRce fhC fpXV LeX hmV fg Nsa hp Ahu
mh qu eqa qez Le LlZ I Nsl Sem pje Mm Rmz edla mV I gyL cu Hp LeXL qa
Llm z k qL Hlfl elfl En phdeajmL LR hh pfL p eJu quz

1964 pml SeulJa Sjua hBCe Ooa

1964 pml 4 Seul Bj J jJme jqjc Bhcl lqj Sjual Lcu jSmp Bjml (ehq floc) hW
kNcel Se mql Nmjz lj qhhq Mel Sjuahld BjZaL hh LuL ce bL fLu
fLna qJuu H dlZ fhm qu EWm k, SjuaL hBCe OoZ Lla flz
12 pcphn jSmp Bjml hWL p qu k, Ahm Sm fku fk pwNWel cuanmNZL LaL fuSeu
hou paLa Ahmel ecn ca qhz Sjual lLecl amLpq Sll gCmf Sjua Agp bL plu
lM, huam jml VL hwL bL am eJu Hhw Lcu jSmp nll pcp J Sm BjlNZL Nl qJul Se
jepLih fa bLa hm quz
Seull 5 alM no la aeVl pju Lcu Agp bL huam jm pVl Seh gLl qpCe Hp BjclL
Oj bL SNu Seme k, fmnl hlV hqe Sjual Agp HmL Ol lMRz LjLa bL Se Nm k,
plLl SjuaL 6 Seul bL hBCe OoZ LlJR Hhw Lcu jSmp nll pLm pcpL fll ecn
cuRz
Bjl J jJme Bhcl lqjl ejJ acl amLu BR hm Se Nmz aC BjlJ Sm khl Se fa qmjz
YL bL pgll Se k HeRmj, a pVLp Ru emjz
Bjl Sjual fr bL fmn LjLaL See qm k, gSll ejkl pju qmC Bjl SjBa ejk fs
acl Nsa EWhz jJmel Cjjaa ejk qmz Lcu Agpl phC SjBa nlL qmez jJme fum
lLBa pl hlS Hje BhNl pb amJua Llme k, HMe Hl faul Lb EM Ll quRz jJmel
jM amJua e je pe hd Llmj k, Bj a d Nl qRz kclL fsu kmjl jS EfiN LlR
acl a H AfldC Rm, k Afld BjclL Nl LlRz 1652 J 1955 pm Sm fp Lll fl Sml iu
a je RmC e; hlw cel LlZ Nl qJuu je lqe a hd Llmjz

mql Sm fyRmj

13

jJme jJccpq Bjl 8 Se mql Sm fyRmjz Seull fQ na fmnl Sf JilLV Nu cuC hpmjz
aMe h qRmz W hap nal aha hd Llmjz
mql Sml HLam HL cme eu BjclL EWmz Bl kl Bjcl pb Rme Bl qme, pVl Selm
ju agum jqjc, fMa Lh eDj pL, mql nqll Bjl qgk jJme eplq Me Bkk, nql
pVl Qdl Nmj Sme J Lcu nlu mql nql bL ehQa pcp jJme JumEqz
I cme 4V Ljlz HLV Ljlu HVV hblj J LjX bLu Bjl Sjual Se I LjlVC hl Ll qmz
Sml Xl R She Cpmj Bcmel Lj Rme hm Bjcl pb Mmjm Bmf Llaez al LR bL
Se Nm k, H Ljlu AeL lSeaL ea hi pju Rme ae c'Sel ej hmme, pj N ej flQa
Me Bhcm Nggl Me J pj fcnl phL fdej Me Bhcm LCuj Mez
Hl fnl Ljlu Bj, jJme Bhcl lqj J jJme JumEq Hhw hL c'Ljlu c'Se Ll lCmez LuL ce
fl ju agum jqjcL jmae Sm AfplZl fl jJme JumEq ju pqhl e Qm Nm Bjl c'Se
Ll fa Ljlu lCmjz
la faL Ljlu am mNe qa ez hlcu mql pL cJu Rmz aaC am mNe qaz aC Bjl 4
Ljll phC laJ SjBa ejk Bcu Ll, HLpb MJu, hlcu fuQl Ll, Ahd Bmf-pmf Lll
pkN fajz

jJmel
jJmel Oe pd c'jp
6 Seul bL 5 jQ fk fZ c'jp mql Sm Rmjz jJme jJccl cmi pd Bjl Shel HL hlV ASe
jSmp Bjml hWL no XL gl Bpl Lb Rmz mql BVL qu fsu fbj L'ce MlfC mNRzz L
jJmel pqQk LuLce flC Aeih Llmj k, HV Bjl Se HL jqekNz Sm Rs Hje pkN fJu Bl
LeihC ph qa ez
1z jJmel Ljlu gSll SjBaz nal lc kql J Bpll SjBaz jNlh J Cnl SjBaJ jJmel
Ljluz Bj jukke Bl jJme Cjjz
2z pLm BVVl fl e J kqll HLOV fl cf ll Mhl hlcl HLpbz Bl lal Mhl nal LlZ
jJmel Ljluz
3z kqll ejkl fl clp LlBe fn Llaez Bl Bpll fl, Le ce jNlhl fl clp qcp caez
4z 10V bL 12V fk jJme hCl CS Qul qme cu lc EfiN Llaez H pju Aeja eu fn
Qul hp jJmel pb Lb hml pkN eajz Bj fn Llaj, Bl ae SJuh caez Bjl BNq cM
ae clcl pbC SJuh cu BjL a Llaez jekN R fm im nrL kje kal pb nMhl
Q Ll, jJme aje BQlZ Llaez Bjl fnl houl Le pjpwM Rm ez Bpmj, LlBe, qcp,
lpm (p), Cpmj l, Cpmj Bcme, cnl lSea, Bcmel ihov, hn fla, Sjual
pwNWeL hou Cac pfL Q-ihe Ll Bj fnl amL al Ll eajz Bjl fnl pb pwn Le
Le Cp ae eSJ amaez
Efk ph houC jJmel mM fQl hC fsRz L d hC fs fZ a fJu ku e z fsl pjuJ je fn SNz
hCL a fn Ll ku ez jJmel pd fu Bj Aeih Llmj k, d hC-C kb euz fn Ll jel MlL
fJul ja el p e fm je a qu ez d hC fsC kc el fZa ASe Ll ph qa aqm Bq
aBm Lah ekm LlC kb je Llae, eh fWhl fuSe hd Llae ez Lah J eh cVC BhnLz

14

jJmel
jJmel clp
clp LlBel pju jJme LlBe nlgl hNa Lf pje lMaez jV Lfs jse hlV N V LR bL
cMmjz LlBel Bual ae fn (Efl, eQ J fn) 4/5 C fn Mm SuNz gljn cu al Ll Le Se
e z I Mm SuN phVL RV Arl qal mMu fZz hi agel Adue Ll fuV eV Ll lMRez HV eQuC
cO pdel gpmz agqjm lQel Se Hih ae fa eez
qcpl clpl SeJ ae HLV N pje lMaez Eiu clpl fl ae I pfL Bjcl fnl SJuh caez
clpl H jqgm Bjl eLVV ph QCa BLoZu je qaz

Sm Bjl hNa LjpQ

pjL lVel hCl Bjl j c'cg euja LjpQ Rmz HLV qm agqjm LlBe fs, AflV qm hRC Ll
plm jM Llz jT jT Sm mChl bL jJme Bhm Lmj Bkcl hC eu fsRz
Sm Bm Lj bLu la fs LLl Rmz aC LlBel kVL jM Ll qa a la hlcu yqV qyV BJXu
pjuV LS mNajz LlBe jM Lll Qu jM lMC hn LWez aC hn hn pju eu BJXela bL Sllz
no la ejk jM Ll plm fsa bLm jM lM pqS quz Sml AhLn Rs LjSheLlBp jM Ll
Hhw ejk J ejkl hCl Bh Lll pju fJu LWez
LlBel kph pl Hhw hi pll hRC Ll Awn Bjl jM Lll piN quR, Hl naLl 80 iNC Sml
puz 1992 J 93 pm "hcn eNlL' qph 16 jp YL pVm Sm bLLme AhLn Bjl qgk Ll phVL
ka paa aS bL p En HLV hh Ll fuSe je Llmjz
Bjl jM Ll plm Hhw hi pll Awnpjq ae iN iN Llmj, m LlBa, jTl LlBa J RV
LlBaz aqcl pju m LlBa Hhw pa J egm ejk jTl J RV LlBal amL al Llmjz Abl
cL cu jm Ll Ss Ssu pSmjz c' c' lLBa ejkl Se HL HL Ss ejk fsa bLm jM Ll
Le AwnC pfZ im khl Bn bL ez Sm al I eV Bjl fLVC bLz jpMeLl jd ejk ph
fs qu kuz H pJ jT jT BVL Nm LlBe cM ea quz jM lM paC LWez qgk pqhl ljke
pmaa alhl jd LlBe eu qgkL aS Ll eez
lpm (p) hmRe, ""hyd lM EV kje fmu ka Qu, LlBe pa bL Hl Qu a fmuz aC LlBel hno
ka eJz''
Sml pb pJme JumEq Ec J glp iol nrL Rmez H Lb kMe Semj aMe jpMeL pju Qm NRz
glp io nMl pkNV LS mNa flmj ez hm qmJ nM pcl my hCV (Ec alSjpq) hCl bL
Bemjz RV pju bL Juukcl jM glp hua e H ioV Mh j hm dlZ Rm z nMa l Llmjz
hLlZ pqSC je qmz L Sm c'jp jo qaC BjL YLu fWu cJuu glp io Bl nM qm ez

ena J Mhl Evph

Bjcl 6 Sel e J c'hml Mhl HLpbC cu kaz phC HLpb hp Mhl pju AeL MnNf qaz
qmL lpLal pb pb LMe LMe el LbJ QQ Ll qaz H ae pju Rs phC HLpb hp BmAf-pmf
Lll Bl Le Efmr Rm ez

15

Mhl flhne Lll cua BNql pb qa eme Qdl Nmj Smez ayL LE H cua ea hmez 6 Sel
jd ae hup Le Rmez jJme aL ESl aBj (Mcj) Efd cmez ae Aa kNal pb J flfV
pqLl Ru NqZ Ll cuaV fme Llez ayl kNal jm LlZ HVC Rm k, ae phQu Lj fljZ Maez
hlV hfl AdLl mLV Ha Lj Mu Lih a Rme, a Bjl eLV hpul houC Rmz phl cL Mum
lM e QCaC ae Mhl hVe Ll caez ayl H BlL Mcja phC Aa p Rmz
Sml Mhl je jVjV imC Rm z jT jT Sjual mLcl fr bL Sm gm Bpaz Bj J jJme
Bhcl lqj Rs hL QlSeC pflhl mql hphp Llaez aycl hs bLJ Mhl Bpaz H phC Bjl HL
pb iN Ll Majz
qmL lpLa J MnNfl LlZC Bjcl Mhl jqgmVL "Mhl Evph' nlej mMRz mqll nql Bjl
jJme eplq Me BkkC H Evphl jdjZ Rmez Aa BLoZuih ae hh lMaez apej fLl
pfcL qph al cO Aia Rmz aeC Bjcl Mc jqgmL fZh Ll lMaez qmL lpLa jqgmC
qlu kuz paa a dl lM qu e h lM ku ez pje k je fsR mMRz
ae Ec iol HL fgpll Nf hmmez I fgpl Aa plupm ch Llae k, CwlS iol h n Ec bL
Que Ll quRz HLV EcqlZ je BR Decoration nV eL "cM-l-ne' n bL hee quRz H lLj Bl
LaL nl Lb e Bjl jS eu qpmjz ae hmme k, al jM Hph Lb e al Rl qpmJ ae
NlihC hmaez
jpSc Sa Qll QjvLl HL OVe emez HL h al SaSs iyS Ll jpScl cuml pb lM HLV
fRu ejk fsRez Sa al pjeC pScl SuN hlhl lM BRz HL mL Sl Lb hma hma I Sa EWu
fRe eu lMm Hhw lMl BJuSJ fJu Nmz ejk no cM Nm k, I mLJ eC, SaJ eCz Sa
EWhl pju mLV hmRme, ""ejk fsa HpRe, e SaL pSc Lla HpRe''z
jJme eplq Me Bkk jT jT jmhe el Lb hmaez LlBe J qcpl Ea cu EV jaja fLnl
EcqlZ cu ae hme, ""HL pl Cmj WL ja hThl Se fyQ pl BLm-h clLlz Lj BLml mLl Se
Cmj hfeLz''
jJme jJccl lpLal dlZ pfZ iz Lh eDj pL hme, ""BmQel BLn, Lbl jOl gyL gyL
jJmel lpLal hcv QjLu''z Abv ae flhl al Le lpLal Nf Lle ez Lbl gyL Le fp ae
qmL Lbl AhalZ Llez kje Mhl fl gm Mhl Lbz Bfm J Ljm phC Mpj Ll HLf Sj LlRz
Ae f Mp lM qmz qWv jJme Mhl fV c'qa am H hm HNu cme, ""ja-Em mLj'' Hhw Mpia
fV cMu hmme, ""Jum-BeB-jLj''z LlBe gpm J gmcl EM Ll pl Be-ekBa hm quR,
""jaEm mLj Jum-Be B-jLj''z Abv Hph Sep ajcl Se J ajcl fma fl Sez jJme Qqa
Ll cMme k, HV ajcl, Bl JV fclz
Bj Q MC ez Qul Aip eCz Bl phC Q'u Hje Ai k, Q e fJu fk enaC ke qm ez Qul Se k
fljZ cd cu, aa HLLf cd bL kuz Bj hmmj, cdVL BjL ca flez fll ce Q flhnel pju
Qdl Nmj SmeL jJme hmme, ""cdl hQL BN ce''z e phC qp EWmez
HL pju jmael Bjl hLl Me mqe Sm Hmez hCl bL hLlMe lV Hmz Mhl pju jJme aeV
lV Bmc eu hLl MeL cu hmme, ""Bfel ae hLlMe''z phC Ca hT jS Ll qpmez LlZ hLl
Mel ae Rmez

16

93

Sm lkl jp
mql Sm c'jp bLLmC ljke jp Hm z jJmel LjluC alhql ejk fs quz He Cjja LlRe
uw jJmez L ae alhql Cjja Lla Arja fLn Llmez Qdl Nmj Sme jJme eplq Me
BkkL alhqa LlBe ehl Se Aeld Llmez ae k qgk a Bjl Se Rm ez c'ce HL fl Ll
emez BVL Nm h im qu Nm mLj chl Se fRe Le qgk eCz c'HL SuNu jJme mLj cmez
HL SuNu BVL kJuu lLa Qm Nmez pjj glhl fl LlBe cM emez aau ce Bl pqp fme ez
L alhq fshe H eu WmWm Qmmz jJme Bhcl lqjL LRaC lS Ll Nm ez jJmeL fuC hoZ
cM ka z c'Se HL LjluC bLz L Lbha LjC quz ae hn pju uC LVez Mh hn fsaJ cM e z
jJme JumEqJ lS qme e z no fk jJme BjL Bcn Llmez Bj Bcn fme Ll Lah je
Llmjz
Bjl fyS hn Rm ez R She pl hlS bL pl ep fk jM Rmz RV pju cc pl Cupe jM Llu
cuRmez 55 pm lwfl Sm c'jp bLLm pl Bl-lqje, pl jkkjm J Bl LuLV pl jM LlRmjz
mql Sm Bl LuV pl kN quz
Qcel jpSc Bl ecn jT jT alhq fsa qaz aC Bjl pqp qmz fbj pl Cupe M M Ll
fs hn lLBa fsmjz jJme Mh fRc Llmez ejk Buam iN Ll fsu Ai qJuu Aphd quez
pl alha LlBel nol cnV pl c'hl fsl hfL lJuk BRz HVL Bj cupl ejk je Llz aC k
Luce Bj Cjja Llmj, Bjl jM Ll ph L'V Ll hhql Lll Q LlRz jJmel fRcl LlZ pl Cupe
J pl Bl-hqjeC hn ce fsRz jT jT Me pqh J jJme JumEq Cjja LlRez

mql Sm jSmp nll Adhne

k Seelf BCe BjclL Nl Ll quR, p BCe Aeku c'jpl jdC qCLVl hQlfal pje
hcLC qkl Lla quz hehQl Hih BVL lMa qm hQlfal pja fuSez aC Sjual pLm hcLC
mql pjha Ll quz Bjl k cme Rmj al fn fZ ayh MVu bLl hh Ll quz kaVL je fs,
Lcu jSmp nll pcp pwM aMe nl hn euz fh-fLe bL j c'Sez OVej Bjl pMe qklz
fQj-fLel plLm nl pcpL mql Sjua Llu jSmp nll Adhne LlJ ph Rmz
jJmel pifaa h-Luc Le Adhn Ll e qmJ phl Efaa hWL qJuu Efl H nlej cmjz hWL
jJmel ecnC AdfL Mlnc Bqjc hh lMl cua emez
BmQ hou qm, BjclL Nl Lll fl HL pql jd Sjual hl plLll fr bL k AikN
mMa BLl cJu quR, p hou Sjual hh L qJu EQaz I AikNf cV AikN Ll quR x
1z Sjual Bjl jpL alSjem LlBel pfcLua fLel Oe h Cle plLll hl ho Rsu
c'cnl jc hld pl AfQ LlRez
2z Sjua HLV S pwNWe LjclL hfhl Vew cJu qu, ka n fuN Ll cnl plLl rja cMm
Ll kuz

17

fbj AikNl i qm, jpL alSjem LlBe jJmel c'V mMz jqlljl nr ejL fh CuScl
HLeuLal hl Cjj pCel Bfl houV Hje QjvLlih am dlRe, k BCuh Mel lnpel hl
h jm kuz BCuh Mel Lb plpl EM Ll e qmJ Hl BOa farih al Efl fsz fWLcl fr H
Lb hTa hN fJul Lb euz plLlAikNf H fhl EM eC hV; L Ha r quC k SjuaL
hBCe Ll quR a fz
AikNf jJmel pfcLuVl EM Ll quRz Ha jJme Cle plLll hl ah fahc SeuRez
Clel Cpmj Bcmel Efl cjeea Qm Llu Hhw Bcmel ea Buaq lq MjeL cn bL
hql Lll pjmQeuC jJme mMRez fLel hll hl ho Rsu c'cnl pfL he Lll
AikNV plLl lal pb EM LlRez
au AikNV pfZ iqe qmJ SjuaL hBCe OoZ Lll ja LWl fcrfL Suk Lll fuSe
Hje lal AikN ama quRz H c'V AikNl SJuh mMa BLl al Lll cua AdfL Mlnc
Bqjcl Efl Rmz ae LlQ Sm Rmez
mql Sm pjha nl pcpNZl hWL Mlnc pqh H mMVC fs emez jJmepq phC mMV QjvLl
quR hm jh Llmez LuLSe LR fuV kN Lll fh cme, Mlnc pqh a pcl NqZ Llmez
SjuaL hBCe OoZl hl YL J LlQ qCLV jjm cul Ll quz BCuh Mel ecn fh J fQjfLe fcnL plLl SjuaL hBCe OoZ Llz aC c'plLll hl c'qCLV jjm Ll quz Sjual
hl plLll AikNl SJuh qCLV Sjual hh fn Lll EnC I mMV al Ll quz

HLV R
R OVe
Sml 4 Ljlu Bjl j 6 Se Rmjz ph nl pcpL HMe Beu ayh MVu bLl hh Ll quz kl HLV
hu h kcl W mNl Bn aclL ae Ljlu NcNc Ll bLa quz Bjcl LjluJ hn LuLSe
Hmez hnoih EMkN c'Se qme, pj fcnl Bjl Me plcl Bm Me Hhw AdfL Mlnc Bqjcz
Bjl hRel LR Me pqhl hRe Hhw Hl flC Mlnc pqhz Ojl jd Mlnc pqhl eL XLl BJuS
Ha hn k, BjlJ LuLhl Oj iP Nmz kahlC Oj iPR mr Llmj, plcl Bm Me Suejk qu
cysk, e qu hp BRez ayL nu Ahu cMmj ez gSll pju Sp Llmj, ""pl la HLhlJ hReu
nu Ahu BfeL cMe''z SJuh hmme, ""Bfel Ljlu jqo Shq Ll lMRe, H hLV BJuS hReu
L Oje ph''?
pl hWL plLll AikNl SJuh Mlnc pqhl hh e Me pqh Ha p qme k, Ljlu gl
HpC BjL hmme, ""Nalal cxM im Nmj, iC MlncL jg Ll cmj''z HLb hmC Sl qpmez
Bjl eLV HV HL lqpC je quz Ha Sl kl eL BJuS qu, ae L Ll Oje? H BJuS L al Le YL
e? Hl hM HMeJ Bjl Aaz
Sjua Cpmj hwmcnl Bjl jJme jaEl lqje eSj Oj eL XLl QjvLl hM cez aylJ eL eL
XLz Sl, e B XL a Bjl Sel pkN quez ae hme, ""pE pf'' je "pf ECb pE'z eL XL
je L aqm Nil Oj? kcl eL XL e al L Nil Oj bL ha?

18

hQlfal pje qSl qmj

Bjcl faLL fbL fbLih mql qCLVl hi hQlfal pje qSl Ll qmz BjL hQlfa
CwlSa Sp Llme, ""Bfel BVLcn pfL Le hh bLm hme''z Bj CwlS iouC hh lMmjz
ih WL LlRmj k, BVLcnl hl Bf Seu Le mi qh ez qCLV jjm ke Qmh ae SmC
bLa qhz Bj hmmj, ""Bjl Ljm fh-fLez JMeLl plLl BjL Nl Llm BCe Aeku fa 15 ce
HLhl Bjl flhll mLl Sm cM Lla flaz Na c'jp Bj J Bjl flhl BCel cJu H AdLl
bL haz plLl H BCe Aje Ll Qlj Aeu LlRez Bj Hl faLl QCz fa 15 ce HLhl YL bL
Bjl flhlL He Bjl pb pral hh Ll qL''z
Bjl hh e hQlfa p p Bcn cme, ""AdfL Nmj BkjL Ahm YLu fWa qh''z
Sm gl Hp Se Nm k, Afl HL hQlfa jJme Bhcl lqjl hflJ Aelf Bcn cuRez

YL lJue
1964 pml 6 Seul Bj J jJme Bhcl lqj mql Nl qCz 5 jQ c'jp fZ quz flce 6 jQ Bjcl
c'SeL YL gla fWhl Lbz mql Sm nol 2/3 ce jel Hje Ah Rm, k ceul Shel Aa
Aiaz YL Sm Nm B-Bj, -f, iC-he J Aee BfeSecl cM fJul Mn, AflcL jJmel
pd bL jqlj qJul hce Bjl je Ala p Llmz HLC LlZ Bec J hcel jn Aei a HC fbjz H
Sau Aia Caxfh quR hm je fs ez
B-Bjl She H Sau OVel Lb je fsz juL pf hu ca fl c'SeLC Mh Beca J a cMRz
L LeL hcu Lll pju c'Sel L BjL hpa LlRz HLC OVe acl Se HLcL Bec J AecL
hcel LlZz
k qL, 6 jQ jJme jJcc bL hcu ehl pju Bjl QM fe Hmz jJme pe cme, ""Cen-Bq
Bhl cM qhz ceu rZu z cu Lle, ke Bq aBm BjcLL hqna HLa Llez JMe u jme,
pMe hRc eC''z
BjL J jJme Bhcl lqjL mql Sm bL plpl hjehcl eu Nmz Caxfh LMe plLl Nsa
Qsez HMe Bjl plLl jqjez hje hpu chl fl qa VLV am cmz LlQa fe hcm qhz hjel
pys bLC c'Se plLl mL BjclL eu YLNj fe EWu cmz mr Llmj, al eQ Afr LlRez
hje BLn Esl Se lJue chl fl qua acl XEV pj qhz
c'jp hdajmL BVL bLl fl YL kRz HV AhnC Mnl houz L Bjl Seaj k, Bjl j fCez
Caxfh hhl LlQ bL hje YL HpRz L Hhll fla pfZ iz Ae pju YL hje hcl ej hs
kCz Hhl hsl hcm YLl SmC ka qh, p hou eQa Rmjz aC YL kR hm k Bechd Lll Lb Hl
Le mrZC je amn Ll fmj ez f BC H'l hje BNJ HpRz L Hhll Aeial pb BNl Le jm
eCz AbQ HLC hjez HLC Ahe bL pJ jel Ahl flhae Aei a AhnC hcm kuz
fe hp BR l qu, L je La Lb k OlfL MR al qph eCz c'jp bL hsl pb kNkN eCz L
Lje BR Se ez hno Ll RV Rm cs hRll ejel Lb hn je fsmz fh-fLel Sjua eacl
L L Nl qme a pWL Se eCz Sjua Agp a eQuC pm Ll quRz Hph Lb hp hp ihRz

19

qWv cMmj, jukkj pCe Qdl pHpf jTl fpS cu HNu BpRez pha VumV kRmez Bjl LR
BpaC cysu qa hsmjz BjL cMC hpu fLn hlmez 1946-47 pm gSmm qL jpmj qm CEeue ae
if Rme Bl Bj SHpz ihLih Mh Oe pfLz ae Cpmjhc Lcu plLll pQhz RVa kRez ae
eQa Rme k, Bj Sm BRz L Lbu BR a Seae e z aL hmmj k, BjL hje-hcl bLC Sm
eu khz Bfe BL ge Ll Sem Aeja eu Sm cM Lla Bphez hsl ge e eV Ll emez
YLu hje bL hl ql pb pbC plLl jkhel BjclL Aibe Ll c'SeL c'Nsa ammez Hph
fmnl kl Nsa Rme acl flQu emjz Sjua L Qu J Le SjuaL hBCe OoZ Ll qm a
hmmjz BhJ hmmj k, Bfel BjL dl eu Hme hm Bj je LR Ll ez Bfel Bfecl XEV LlRez
BfeclL co cC ez Hih flhn Ns EWm alJ Bjl hs-Oll Mhl Sea QCmez aclL hmmj k,
BjL hsa HLV ge Lll pkN ce, ka al Sea fl k, Bj YL Sm BRz al SmNV bLC
BjL ge Lll pkN Ll cmez

YL Sm fyRmj
Sml ialJ Sm BRz Hl ej pmz 10 pm ejL cme c'SeL c'pm bLl hh Ll qmz pm je RV
HLV Ljlz aa HLV hRez fsl Se HLV Qul J Vhmz la fnh-fuMel Se Ljll ialC 3/4 gV
EyQ cum Ol SuNz Ljlu YLhl SuNu Le clS eCz mql pLl al NV BR, ka pl BNC am
mNuz pLm hn gp qJul fl am Mm cuz
I pju cnV pml jd c'Va Sjual c'eaLL fmj, YL nql Bjl Ceul Mllj jlc J fcnL
nll pcp AdfL jJme jqjc qmmez Bjl c'Se c'pm cMm Llmjz hL 6V pm aMe Mmz
Sml hi HmL EyQ cum Ol cJu BR, ka HL HmLl hcl Ae HmLu ka e flz Bjcl cn pm
hL SmMe bL pfZ iz cn pml fde NV fql bLz pMeJ la am mNe quz la Sm fmn
pml hCl Vqm cuz pml ial hcl L Ll e Ll a ka hCl bL f cM ku, p SeC pm Le
clS eCz
jlc pqh J qmm pqh bL Se Nm k, fh-fLe 11 SeL Nl Ll quRz H 11 Sel LE Lcu
jSmp nll pcp Rme ez ayl fcnL nll pcp Rmez fQj-fLe d Lcu nll pcpclL Nl
Ll quz L fh- fLe fcnL nll pcpclLJ BVL Ll quz
fh- fLel Sjua eacl k 11 Se Nl qme acl ej pwNq Lla jVl pgLq J jJme pgaql
pqkNa fuRz acl 10 Sel ej Seh Mllj jlc, jJme qmme, jVl ngLq, jJme pgaq,
AdfL Jpje ljk (Lu), jVl Bhcm Juqc (knl), Seh Bhcm MmL, jJme Bhcl lqje gLl, Seh
njpm qL (pmV) J jJme jj gkml lqjez Bl HLV ej pfL eQa Se kuez ae qu lwfl Sm Bjl
jJme Bhcm Ngl, Bl e qu Ae LEz

Sm e flhae
Bj J jJme Bhcl lqj 10 pm HL jp Rmjz jlc pqh J jJme qmmel pb cel hm HLpbC
Majz la kl kl pm amhz hLm jJme qmmel pb lw Mm h Mm qa huj Ll LVajz
HLce hw dla jJmel BPm hb fJuu hn L'ce Mm quez

20

Bl kl Sm Rme al Ae SuNu bLu acl pb cM qa ez HLjp fl Seh Bhcm MmL J jJme

Bhcl lqje gLl Rs Ae 9 SeL j cJu qmz fbj c'jpl Se BVLcn cJu quz Hlfl HLjp
HLjp Ll BVLl juc hse quz Ll Ll juc HLpb c'jp h ae jp hse qu bLz ae jp juc
no qhl fl 9 Se j fmez mql bL Bp Bjl c'Se J I c'SeL HL Ll qm Bjl 4 Se HLpb qmjz
He cmJe Rmj, HMe kMe Be qm HV cuml Efl 4 Qm HLV hs Olz Hl ej Rm "cJue'z hVn
Bjm bL H ej Qm luRz gScl BCe kl pS fu al pnj Lucz cJue BCe kl pS fu acl
Sm qmJ Slje cu j faz Slje ca ArjclL H Ol hxl M qaz al eSl MlQ bLaz cJue
jjm qu pf euz aC Bpjl Nlh euz aC Slje cu Sm bL j fu kaz
Bjl cJue'a EWhl fl Sm LjLacl LR bL Se Nm k, H OlVHa jJme Bhcm qjc Me ipe J
nM jShl lqje hi pju Rmez "72 pm nM jSh rape qJul fl H OlVL Mm Ll "jSh-p a' qph
lM quz haje OlV L Ahu BR Se eCz
6 Hfm Bjl H OlVJa EWz 10 pm cum Ol Rmj hm hCl LRC cMa faj ez cJue cum Ol
euz Oll pje SmMel AilZ lz ll Afl fn cum Ol fNmNlcz plla fNmcl QvLl J qQ
e kuz cJuel eS BPeu R pcl HLV hNe BRz hNel pje fl qmC hn hs phS jW, kl fn
20 pml Ahez
Bjcl Oll jT hn EyQz hRel fn Qul-Vhmz hpm hCl AeL cl fk Sml HmL cM kuz pLmhLm hNe HLV csC, Mm qa huj Llz fn hlcu kql, Bpl J jNlhl ejk SjBa fsz Cn J
gSl Ol amh Ahu Sjua Bcu Ll z HLob MCz e J Mhl pju fQl pju eu Bmf-pmf Qmz
Bmf MmL pqhC phl Qu fVz ae Bjcl jSmp Sju lMez

flhl--flSel pb prv
Sm flhl
mql bL YL Sm fyRl 3/4 ce flC B, Bjl J cs hRll Rm ejeL eu, LlNl Bpmez
B qml Bjl Nl J Sm c'jp bLl Lqe emez Bj 6 jQ SmNV bLC Bl pb Lb hmRz
B Seme k, jukkj qpe Qdl pHpfJ fll ce ge Ll SeuRez Qdl pqh Lb lMu Mh Mn
qmjz
ejeL Bcl Ll Lm ea QCmjz p Bjl cL aLu bLmz L Lm Bpa LRaC lS qm ez j
c'jpC p BjL im Nm? hn Mlf mNmz RV peC hn Bcll quz p Bcl ea lS e qJuu hpul
Qu hceC hn hd Llmjz
Bl pbC hn Lb qmz fmnl mL pral pju Efa bLmJ Bj LlLll hl hml bLm hm kCz
acl eV Lll bLm Llh, AikN Lla QCm Llh, L Bjl Le Lbu Bf Lll Le AdLl Bj
Ll Ll ez SjuaL hBCe OoZ Ll J Bjcl pLm eaL Nl Ll k plLll SOe Afld, p Lb
Bl pje hm Bn fLn Llmj k, qCLV jjmu Bjl Cen-Bq hSu qhz OVMeL fl al hcu qu
Nmez LR Mhl J gm cu Nmez 15 ce fl Bhl Bphe hm BjL pe cmez
k BCe Bj Nl qC, p BCe Aeku Lafrl Aeja eu Bau-Se Hp cM Lla flz p qph euja
prv qaz fahlC J RV Rm Bpaz Aecl jd B, Bj, Rml, iC-he, nl-ns, nm-pel
Bpa flaz ah HL pb 5 Sel hn euz hccl Se H pral ceV phQu hn BLoZu J BeccuLz
HLhl pral ce cnL flC ce NZe l quz ec alMV Hm fa jq a Afru bL LMe Mhl Bphz

21

Bjl lShcz aC Bjcl jkc Bmcz Sm Lafr J Sm fmn (JuXe) Bjcl pb Aeu BQlZl pqp
fu ez JL pdlZ Luccl pb acl Bau-Se cM Lla Hm Oo hdajmLz LR Mhl eu Hm Ool
fljZ hsz aC fqlcll NV XEV fm phQu Mnz
94.

YL Sm ps fyQ jp
1964 pml 6 jQ YL Lcu LlNl fyR BNl jTjT j fCz fu ps 5 jp H Sm LVCz Hl jd
fbj 1 jp 10 pm Rmjz hL ps 4 jp "cJue'a 4 Se HL pb bLz
pha Se jp YL qCLV Sjual fr Hhw mql qCLV plLll fr lu cuz aC plLl YL qCLVl
lul hl fLe pfjLV Bfm Ll Hhw Sjua mql qCLVl lul hl Bfm Llz
YL qCLVl fde hQlfa puc jqhh jlnc SjuaL hBCe OoZ LlL BCel ca Ahd hm hm
lu cez H lul fl YL qCLV Bjcl 4 Sel BVLcnl hl qhup Lfp jjm quz qCLV jl
Bcn cm Bjcl LlShel Ahpe quz

BVLcnl juc hl AjehL fa

abLba elf BCe lSeaL En he hQl BVL Ll expcq AjehLz hwmcn H Sau LmLeel ej qm fnm fJulp AXep, k nM jSh 1974 pm lSeaL hldclL cjel En Qm
Llez Hlncl Bjm, Hlfl hHef Bjm, Hlfl BJuj mN Bjm Hhw haje SV plLl BjmJ he hQl
I BCe BVLl Iaq hqm BRz hld cm bLLm ph cmC H BCel hl pQl quz rjau Nm Bhl
ph cmC H BCeVl gkma Efm Llz
H AjehL BCel fuN Bl AjehL BQlZ Ll quz fbj HL jucl Se BVLcn chl fl juc no
qhl HL h c'ce fh Bhl juc hl Bcn cJu quz hc kMe fhm Bnu jl cerZ eR aMe qWv juc
hl Mhl cu je iP chl hh Ll quz pq c'pq BN Sem H jehL kae bL lr fJu kaz
juc no qhl LRLR pju hc jl Se kMe Bnea qu aMe Bn i Ll plLl LjLal qua jS
EfiN Llez
Bjcl 4 Sel H a AiaC quRz YL Sm fbj c'jpl BVLcn cJu qmz Hlfl EflE faaC
Bhl c'jp juc h Ll qmz qCLVl lu Sjual fr qJuu 4b jp no qm j fh hm MhC Bnea
qmjz L juc nol BNl ce Bhl c'jpl Bcn fmjz aC jl Se no fk qhup Lfp jjml Bnu
ea qmz

Sm Bjl 4 iC
HLC Bcn hnp, HLC Bcmel cuanm Hhw HLC Seedlu Ai Bjl 4 Se ps 4 jp HLOl Hjeih
LVmj, k LMe Bfe iCcl pbJ ph qu EW ez ihLihC Bjcl jd Nil imhpl pfL Rmz
faLC faLl LmZLjz jSS J Aip ha ha fbL a bLCz H LlZ Bjcl jd Le pjp
cM cuez

22

Bj J MmL pqh pjhupz jJme Bhcl lqj J jJme Bl lqje gLl Bjcl Qu kbj 5 J 3 hRll
hsz MmL pqh lpL jeo Rmez Bj ayl lpLau fZlf nlL qaj Hhw AhceJ lMajz gLl pqh
lpLa EfiN Llae, Ahce lMae ez jJme Bhcl lqj Nl fLal jeo Rmez Bjcl lpLau LMe
hl qae ez RV iCcl hQma je Ll HLV qpaez jJmel pb lpLa Ll ps fJu ku e hm aL
Bjl hl Llaj ez pwNWeL cL cu a ae Bjcl Bjl Hhw hupl cL cuJ jlz cel Cmjl
hfl aL Ec qphC n Llajz MmL pqh Rme Bjl Aa Al hz
hLm Eiu jJme hNe LRrZ fuQl Llaez MmL pqh hLml Mml pbJ Rmez hXjVe Mml ja
fn jW bLm Bjl c'Se Mma flajz HLj lhll lw Bce-fcel jd Bjcl c'Sel Mm pjh
Rm z Sm Le flnjl LS e bLu lShcl jV qu kuz aC Bj pLm-hLm euja huj Llaj J
csajz hV Lfel Lfsl fVp Sa fl, pc qg pV J fuSj fl L e qJu fk nllQQ Llajz
jJme Bhcl lqj MJku hn BNq Rmez aC alalLl fbj al pje cJu qaz ae ehl fl Bjl
eajz Sml Xl jJmeL Qh Ma eod Llez L jJme hR hR QhmC fum eez Bj Xll
cqC cm ae hme, ""Xll Hje hmC bLz kV jS mN pVC l Se im je Ll''z
I ps 4 jpl LlShel pa Bjl eLV HMeJ Aje luRz Bjcl flflL Nil imhpl fh ih
BSJ Bj Aeih Llz Bjl Afld qph Sm Rmj ez BjclL Aeuih BVL lM plLlC Afld
LlR; H jeih Bjcl Sm She flZ kNuRz

LlNl
LlNl eu; nrNl
lShcclL fbj nZl Lucl jkc cJu quz phC pje Llz im jel Mhl J bLl hh Ll quz AbQ
24 OVC Ahplz LE kc H Ahpl pjuVL pWLih LS mNa fl aqm Hje LR ASe Ll ph, k Ae
Leih pqS euz
1992-93 pm YL Lcu LlNl 16 jp bLLm pjuV kih LS mNuRmj, fh pih fle hm Bj
Bgpp Llz I pju Cpmj Rnhll Rml hlhl Nl qRmz jp bL dl eu Sm BVL LlRmz
Hcl a Sml Le Aia eCz aC Jcl Lb Mum LlC HLV QV hC mMmjz ej lMmj "jjel SmMe'z
Le jje k Le LlZC qL, kc hc Shekfe hd qu aqm Sm She Lih LVm im qu, H hou
fLVa kb fljn cJu quRz
LlNlL nrNl flZa Ll phz hno Ll lSeaL LlZ kl hc bL acl H hdajmL AhLn cn J
Sal Se jmhe Ahce lMl pkN cuz hfL Adke J hC mMl Se fQl pju fJu kuz hNa EvLo
pdel Se pMe pdel eln pkN luRz Sm mMfs Ll hnhcmul XN ehl EcqlZ AeL BRz
Sm Shel pl ASe Bq aBml pb Oe pfLl Efmz BfeSecl bL hR Ahu HJje HLSeL
Bfe hm Aeih Ll ku, kL eSeC LR fJu ph Apqu Ahu a aeC HLj pquz hfc fsmC a
aL fZil XL quz 64 pm QlSe HLpb bLu eSeal c aje fJu kuez 92-93 pm 16 jp HLVe
pm HL bLu eSea EfiN Lll piN qmz

Sm AdLl Bcu
Sm LX Bjcl Se BCeNaih kph pkN-phd cJu BR, a chl hfl Sm Lafr ka Le V e
Ll pcL Bjl pSN c Rm z Hl Se Le Qf cJul fuSe quez LX Qu eu fs fuSeu eV eu

23

gla cmjz LX bL ph Lb Se Nm hm ch Ll RsC phLR fajz jT jT l plZ Llu cJuC

kb Rmz L HLV hou l pQhl eLV hl hl Sl ch Sea quRz
"cJue' Ol Bjl 6 Hfm EWmjz Nlj fs l qu NRz cfl gel fuSehd qRz euj Aeku l
pQhL mMmj 4 Sel Se 4V pmw gel hh Llaz Sm Lafrl jdj See qm k, fbj nZl
Luccl SeJ ge chl hde eCz aC clM jl Ll ph qm ez
Bhl mMmjz k k, Bjl phC ge hhql Aiz aC Nlj Mh L fRz Bjl pSf Luc eCz plLl
eS fuSe BjclL BVL lMRez BjclL Nlj cqL ekae iN Lla hd Ll Aa BfLlz
Hhl pgm cM Nmz gel hh qu Nmz Sm LjLacl bL Se Nm k, jJme ipe, nM jSh J
Bjl Rs Caxfh Bl LE ge Bcu Lla flez Ha Sm Lafrl eLVJ Bjcl jkc h fmz Bl
Le AdLll Se ch Sehl fuSe quez
Bjl Sm LjLacl pb pfL jdl lMl Q Llajz BjclL nlg jeo qphC al pje Llaez L
HLV hfl Bjl pb pje aa cM cmz cJue OlVl HmLu ll fn LuLV gm NR BRz HLV
NR mNhl ja Mm SuN bLu Bj hs bL HLV Sj NRl Ql Bemjz Bjl pb pral Se Bp
Bjl pcl QlV BjL chl pju Efa XfV Sml hmme k, XBCS pqhl Aeja eu fl chez H
Lb hm QlV eu emez B jQL qp jh Llme, ""aj NR mNJ, ajl Rml ka ajl ja Sm
Hp gm Ma fl''z
hNe jml cua euSa LucL cu QlV mNhl SuN Na Ll lX Ll qmz L Sm Agp bL QlV
cR e z LlZ Se Nm, LlNl Le lShcl mNe NR al pa hqe LlL, a plLl Qu e hm hVn Bjm
bLC eL Hih NR mNhl Aeja cJu qu ez pjpu fs Nmjz
pq HLhl XBCS pqh flhne Bpm Bjcl pbJ cM Ll kez Bj al BNjel Afru lCmj z
XBCSl pb aL kl fl ae NRV mNhl Aeja cmez Bjl euja ka QlV hn hs EWa mNmz jp
c'uL fl Sm bL j fmjz fl Mhl eu Semj, QlV am gm quRz qua Aeja chl pju gm
chl H p euC Bjl Aeld lr Ll quz

LlNll qpfam
pha SmC jp Bjl Cgu qmz hhl H Sl iNRz L Hje ah hb LMe quez Sm qpfam ia Ll
qmz Xl hmme, HV YLl hnfZ Slz pl nll Hje fQ hb k, je qu qs fk su cRz jb a
amC ku ez qpfam Xl pqh Mh ka emez ae cel jdC Efnj hd Llmjz qpfam ejkl Se
HLV SuN bLmJ H Luce ka flez hReuC ejk Bcu Lla hd quR z LRV p hd Llu ejkl
SuNu Nmjz Am Bqc pqhl pb cM qm z ayl lSeaL flQu k Seaj aa ae ejk fse hm dlZ
Rm ez 3/4 ce qpfam HL pb ejk Bcul pkN ayl pb Oea Sjz lnpel hl NZaL
BcmeL ANpl Lll hfl jaheju quz
1952 pml io-Bcme Seh Am Bqc hm ijL fme Ll lSeaL Ae hno jkc qpm Llez ayl
pb Caxfh Bjl aje flQul pkN que hnhcmu ae Bjl pjpjuL R Rme Le je fsR ez k
qL SmC ayl pb Bjl fbj Oeal pkN quz Bjl jl jp MeL fl ae Sm bL j fez

24

Sm bL j
1964 pml BNl jTjT qCLVl ecn Bjl 4 Se j fCz c'jp mql Hhw ps fyQ jp YLk jm
fu ps 7 jp Ll iNl fl hsa gl Hmjz phQu Mn qme Bjz HVC jul hnz Bj pha HLhl
j Sm NuRmez Bjl Apa Efmr HLhl LuL OVl Se "flm' hsa HpRmez flml Aeja
fa hm qJuu hsa Hp BjL p fu hn Bec fmjz LuL OVl Ahlj pra RV Rm eje
BjL Qea l Llz Sm bLLm Jl eLV bL fal La fCez

lnpel hl NZaL IL
Bjl Sm BVL bLLmC 20 SmC (1964) YLu MS eSjel hpihe BJuj mN, jpmj mN (LEpm),
ekj Cpmj fV, enem BJuj fV J eo Sjua Cpmjl faedcl hWL quz E hWL Sjual
faeda Lle Sjual 4 Se HjHeHz H fbj hWL jJme CEpg AwnNqZ Llez Bl L L Sjual fr
bL Efa Rme a jJme lZ Lla flme ez hWL I 5V cml pjeu COP (Combined Opposition
Parties) ej HLV ILj NWe Ll qu Hhw eucg LjpQ OoZ Ll quz
H ILl En Rm BCul Mel lnpe bL cnL El Lll Se NZaL faa ANpl qJuz BCuh Me
1965 pm 2 Seul fpXV ehQe, jQ Sau floc J Hfm fcnL flocl ehQe qh hm OoZ cez
E 5 cm SVh qu H ehQe faca Lll p euz
Bjl Sm bL hl qu Bpl fl COP-a fcnL Sjual faedal cua Bjl Efl Afa quz fa cm
bL 5 Se Ll faed eu fcnL LjV NWa quz fLe Sau LjVa faL cml 6 Se faed lMl
p quz fh-fLe bL jJme Bhcl lqj, Bj J jJme CEpg Sjual faed ek qCz
fcnL LjVa BquLl cua AfZl hfl p qu k, HL jp Ll HL-HL fVl faed H cua fme
Llhz p qph Sjual fr bL Bj HL jp H cua fme Llz 1965 pml Seula Aea fpXV
ehQe BCuh Me hSu qJul fl COP-Hl avfla qu kuz

pjma hld cme fpXV fb jeeue

17 J 18 pVl LlQa fLe BJuj mN pifa eJuhkc eplq Mel pifaa Sau LjVl hWL
hpz BJuj mNl Ahpwhca ea qpe nqc pqlJuc 1962 pml 5 Xpl hlal HL qVm flmL
Nje Llez ayl ja HLSe hs ea eSe hcnl qVm Hih ja hlZ Ll ihL je quez ayl pb BauSe cl bL, cmu Le hJ Rme ez HV paC lqpjuz pqlJucl jal fl eJuhkc BJuj mNl
pifa qez
E hWL Sjual fh- fL faed qph jJme Bhcl lqj J Bj Efa Rmjz Sjual jjm aMe
pfjLV QmRz jJme jJccpq Sjual AeL ea aMe LlNlz LlQ nqSl Sjual Bjl Qdl
Nmj jqjc fQj-fLe Sjual faeda Llez fpXV ehQe BCuh Mel hl faca Lll Se
fbj Selm Bkj Mel ej fh Ll quz Le fVl fr bL H f hV Bp a plZ Lla flR ez ah k
ka H fhV Efe Ll qu, Hl JSe AeLC Ll Llez Bkj Me fh-fLel phQu Sefu Niel
qph pMeLl iV BCuh Me bL AeL hn fhe hm dlZz Bl pjl BCuh Me bL fhl Bkj Me
fQj-fLeJ kb iV fa flez

25

ef ea jJme Bhcm qjc Me ipe Hl fahc hme k, Bkj Me cn pjlL npe Luj BCuh Mel
cpl Rmez aC eaNaih H fh pjbe Ll EQa euz jJmel H k Mel LE Q Lleez jJme
ipe Luc Bkj jqjc Bm Sql he Hhw fLe Bcme al Oe pb gaj Sql ej fh hlez
BmQeu cM Nm k, Sjua Cpmj Rs Bl ph cml faedNZ HL HL H fhl fr jaja fLn
Lla bLez BCuh MeL flSa Lll Se gaj Sq Rs Bl Le ha fLe eC hm BjlJ Aeih
Llmj z enal hlal pju Sjual faedNZ fbLih fljn Ll p em k, H hou Qdl Nmj
jqjc ej hh hWL fn Llhez
""H hou BjlJ HLja k, jqalj gaj Sql Le hLf eCz L ae jqm qJuu BjclL noeu
BmjNZl jaja ehl Se HLce pju cJu qLz BS hWL jmah qLz BNj cel hWL Sjual fr
bL H hou jaja fn Ll qh''z
pifa eJuhkc eplq Me H k je eu hWL jmah Lla pja qmez BlJ HLV LlZ Qs p
eJu HMe ph euz jqalj ehQe faca Llhe Le a Bjcl Se eCz aC Bjcl fr bL HLV
XmNne BSC jqaljl pb pral Se kJu BhnLz eJuhkcl eaa HLV XmNne NWe Ll quz
flce pLm 10V fk hWL jmah quz cfl csVu hWL jmah OoZ Ll quz XmNne Sjual Le
faed Rm Le je fsR ez

Sjual pje hlV pjp

5 cmu pjma hld cml (COP) 4 cmC jqalj gaj SqL fpXV fcfb qph cys Llhl fr
HLja qu NRz ekj Cpmj fVJ Le Aphd hd Llez L noeu BmjNZl jaja e eu Bjcl
fr Qs lu cJu ph qm qm ez jJme jJcc Sm BVL bLk Bjl jq-pjpu fsmjz
Qdl Nmj jqjc fLel jgau Bkj jJme jqjc ngl pb la 9Vu pral pju emez lal
jdC Sm Ahela jJme jJcll lu kNs Lll hh emez
pl BNC pjma hld cml XmNne gaj Sql pb prv Ll ayl pja pwNq LlRez ae HLV
na ehQe fb qa pja quRez naV qm, fLel fpXV qph 5 hRl juc fZ Ll cua fme Ll
Bjl fr LRaC ph euz HL hRll jd Bhl fpXV ehQe Lla qhz BCj lnpe bL NZaL npe
cnL glu Bel Se j HL hRl cua fme Lla lS BRz
la 9Vu Qdl Nmj jqjcl eaa Bj J jJme Bhcl lqjpq 5 pcphn HL XmNne jga pqhl
hpihe fyRmjz pjpV ae hTmez gaj Sq k na Blf LlRe, HV ae Aa lafZ hm jh
Llmez fu OVMeL pju jaheju Qml fl ae lu cme k, jqalj fLel fpXV qph 5 hRl l
flQmLl cua ea Qe ez lnpe bL NZaL npe fhael Se HLV jdha plLl fdel ijL
fme Lla pja fahael Se HLV jdha plLl fdel ijL fme Lla pja quRez Luj Ll qR hm
hm ku ez HV HLV Aha
Lme hh (Transitional Arrangement) jz Bfel H fh pjbe Lla
flez Bjl flce pLm COP-Hl hWL l qll fhC Sm bL jJme jJccl luJ fu Nmjz Bjl hpu
J Becl pb mr Llmj k, aeJ jga jqjc ngl ja HLC ka H fh pjbe Ll ku hm Semez
hWL Qdl Nmj jqjc jga ng J jJme jJccl jaja fLn Llm pLm HL hL "Bmqjcmq' hm
Bec fLn Llmez Aa Evpq J Efel jd p NqZ Ll qmz flce pLm fLu 8 Lmjhf Mhl hl
qm hfL ps fs Nmz
fpXV ehQel fQlike QmLm jJme jJccl HLV jh fLu hfLih fQla qu Hhw SeNZl jM
jM EQla qu x
26

""flo qJu Rs BCuh Mel Bl Le Z eCz Bl jqm qJu Rs gaj Sql Bl Le co eC''z

95.

Sjual fr pfj LVl lu

BNC hmR k, fLe pfj LV Sjua CpmjL hBCe OoZ pfLa jjm aMe QmRz fMa BCehc
H.L. hq Sjual fr ELma LlRmez Bl 53 Se BCeSh hq pqhl pb pqkNa LlRmez
leaL jqm H jjmV hn la hqe LlRmz
pha 1964 pm pVl jpl no cL pfj LVl IaqpL lu OoZ Ll quz fde hQlfa Lemup ayl
lu f J hm iou hme, ""Sjua CpmjL hBCe OoZ LlVC hBCe Rm''z H lu fLna qhl fl
jJme jJccpq Sjual pLm ea Llj quz
hQlfa Lemup Saa CwlS Hhw dj Me Rmez CwlS BjmC ae hQlfa qez fLe Luj qhl fl
ae eS cn Qm e Nu fLel eNlLa NqZ Llez kN J euhQlL qph ae kb pMa ASe Llez
Ahpl NqZl flJ ae Sjija gl kee fLeC ae jahlZ Llez
ju agum jqjc HXiLV H.L. hql jh Ea Ll hme k, hQlfa Lemup Cpmj BCe Adke
Ll p fyRe k, Ae Le BCeC Hl pjLr euz Cpmj BCel Mcjal Bn euC ae fLe uih
bLl p eez L jpmj ejdl lSeaL eacl LlZC Cpmj BCe hh Qm qa fle Hhw ae
Lwra Mcjal pkN feez

pl fLe CEeue ehQel asSl

eu plLl qph CEeue LEpm ehQe hVn Bjm bL Qm BRz H cn CEeue hX hm qaz fQjfLe fua hh Qm Rmz BCuh Me Bjm NV fLe CEeue LEpm ej Qm Ll quz 1964 pm
CEeue ehQe HLV hno LlZ nql-hcl-Njl pLm nZl el-flol eLV Aa lafZ Rmz Ahl jp
H ehQe quz
fh J fQj-fLe 40 qSl Ll jV 80 qSl CEeue jel SeNZl plpl iV ehQa qhl fl al hX
jel (Basic Democracy Member) qph fpXV, Sau pwpc J fcnL flocl ehQe iV chez
1962 pm BCuh Me fZa npea Aeku Sau ehQe SeNZ farih iV ca flh ez SeNZ CEeue
fku iV cu 80 qSl Cmlm LmS pcp ehQa Llhz Hl HLcL CEeue LEpml pcp qph cua
fme Llhez AflcL fLel fpXV, Sau J fcnL BCpil pcpclL ehQa Llhez
H hhl gm CEeue ehQeC Sau ehQel jkc fmz 1964 pm Aea CEeue ehQe pLm lSeaL cm
plpl ijL lM fuSe je Llmz Cajd fpXV fc BCuh Me J gaj Sql fb qhl Lb fLn
fJul fl pLm hld lSeaL cm SeNZL E Llm k, lnpe bL j fa qm Hhw SeNZl
iVdLl fehqm Lla qm Hje mLclL iV ca qh, kl gaj SqL iV chl f Juc Llhz

27

CEeue ehQel cn
hVn Bjm bL CEeue ehQe iV cuRz eu eaal fdeC pph ehQel hn Rmz lSeaL cml
plph Le ijL aa cM kuez L HhlLl ehQel flhn pfZ iz aC ehQe fh-fLel Q ph
HLC lLj Rmz kl fb acl phCL SeNZ fLn Juc Lla hd LlR k, ehQa qm al gaj
SqL iV chez ehQe pi-pjhnl Juc kb je e Ll SjBl ce jpScJ Juc eJu quz
I ehQe SeNZl far pfa acl lSeaL pQaealC flQu hqe Llz al ehQel jdj acl
iVdLl gl fJul Bnu HaV pu ijL fme Ll Lah je LlRz Le fb BCuh Mel pjbL ch
Lll pqp LlR hm Le fjZ eCz
ph fbC gaj Sql pjbL ch Llu ehQe lSeaL facal Ef mr Ll kuez LaL fb kc BCuh
Mel LjbL qph Aike Qma aqm lSeaL ESe cM caz ph fbC lSeaL cL cu HLf
qJuu iVl SeNZ eu hhQeu fbcl jd bL hRC Lll pkN fmz
hfm Evpq-Efel jd cu ehQe pf qmz ehQa pcpl gaj SqL RV ch hm SeNZ eQa qmz
ehQa pcpcl plLl flQu qm hX jl (Basic Democracy Member). hpL Xjp h heuc
NZa fLa
fr NZa qal QjvLl hhlC ejz

fpXV ehQe
1964 pm eilC fpXV ehQel fQlike l qu Nmz LV LV SeNZl jd j 80 qSl hX
jll iV H ehQe qhz fQlikel plLl hhfeJ Rmz plLl hiNiL h fcniL hX jlcl
pjme fbclL hh lM J fnl El chl pkN cJu quz Hph pjme BCuh Me J gaj Sq ha
LlRe Hhw fnl El cuRez
BCuh Me ehQe En Sepi Lll fuSe hd Lleez d hX jlcl pjhnLC kb je LlRez L
pjma hld cm gaj SqL eu pLm fcn Sepi Lll jdj hX jlcl Efl fhm Sejal Qf p
Ll fuSe je LlRz
BCuh Me LlLlfde J lfdel AiaL LS mNu hX jl pjhn hh J fnll jdj H dlZ
ca prj qe k, cn flQmel Se al kNa gaj Sql Qu hnz pjhn plLl hhfeu Hje ph fn
am qu, kl poSeL SJuh chl Le Aia gaj Sql bLl Lb euz
hld cm SeNZl iVdLlL ehQe Cp qph emJ BCuh MeL cn npel kNa hhQel houL Cp
heez H hQeu AhnC BCuh Me kNal z L Bpm Cp k iVdLl pcL bL c glu iVlclL
h LlC al Enz iVllJ ehQe Juc i Lll Se HLV ASqa fmz H hou Le pcq eC k, kl
BCuh MeL VV cuRe cnfj E qu eu, eNc fl hejuC Juc i LlRez haj LE LE qua
bLa flez gaj Sq cn npel cua ehl Se ehQe fb qeez NZaL fa J SeNZl iVdLl
hqm Lll k jqe En h hup ae ehQe Tjm fqa lS quRe, bfl iVlcl eLV Hl Le jm
eCz
H pJ gaj Sq fh- fLe 18,424 iV J fQj-fLe j 10,244 iV fez Bl BCuh Me fhfLe 21,012 J fQj 28,921 iV fu hSu qez

28

flr J far ehQe

flr ehQe k Sejal pWL fagme qu e, p Lb Hjeih fjZa qm k, SeNZl far iVdLl ch
BlJ Slcl qmz flr ehQe iVl pwM Lj bLu aclL hi dlel bl heju Mlc Ll pqS quz
far iV lSeaL VEV J hi r faa Luj bl pquau iVlcl HLwnL h Ll ph qmJ
SepdlZL VL cu Le ku ez hno Ll SeNZ kMe Le lSeaL CpL hT pjbe Ll aMe al ehQe
lu ca im Ll ez
BCuh Mel pjlL npe Sll fh SeNZ ehQe far iVdLl fuN Ll Ai Rmz hld cmm
pcL SeNZl c BL Lla prj qJuuC al CEeue ehQe Hje hfh ijL fme Llz BCuh Me J
gaj Sql H ehQe kc SeNZ farih iV chl pkN fa aqm gaj Sq k hfm iV hSu
qae H Lb phC Ll Lla hdz H LlZC BCuh Me rau u qll Ljamh phSee iVcLl hh Evpa
Ll abLba heuc NZa Qm Llez

fh- fLel Niel

1962 pm hX pVj ehQel fl BCuh Me fh-fLe bL ehQa pcpcl IL gVm dla prj qe Hhw
ayl AeNa J hn hpjlL plLl Luj Llez Ha Leiene jpmj mN BCuh Mel eaa pwqa qu Hhw ayl
rjaJ eln quz
Sjua Cpmj, BJuj mN, LEpm jpmj mN, ekj Cpmj fV J ef hld cml ijL fme Lla
bLz
pJf-Hl flQmeu fh-fLe gaj Sql fr hlV fQlike Qmz H En fpXV fcfb qph
ae fh-fLe pgl Bpez fh-fLel phL Sefu Niel Bkj MeJ pb Bpez I fQlikel HLV
MQ HMe fn LlRz
p qu k, QNjNj YL jCm Ve gaj Sq QNj khe Hhw mmcO juce Sepiu ioZ chez gV
Lp J pL Lp LfVjVm lSi Ll qmz Bj k hNa Rmj aa BlJ kl Rme acl jd nq
Bkkl lqje, McLl jnaL Bqjc, Am Bqcl Lb je fsz Bj elfc Ojhl En hwL Bnu emj z
la 10 Vu YL bL Ns lJue qmz
Lb Rm, fb hrZhsu, Lj J gea gaj Sq fVgj eja j bL ioZ chez Bjcl LfeuJ
Rl e k, SeNZ Ha Evpq-Efe eu gaj SqL cMl Se lal hm plfb Ve BVL Lla bLhz
ilh Le fNj cJu quez L Ns fyRl fl cM Nm, qSl qSl jeo Vne J hm mCe cMm Ll
BRz gaj SqL al cMa Quz fVgj j cysu Lb hmmez
hrZhsua hlV Sjuaz Bkj Me j hh lMez SeNZJ fQ Ep fLn Llz gaj Sq LuL
jeVl Se j Bpez Aedlaih hi lm-Vne pjha Sea lmfb Ahld Ll Ve bja hd Llz
Hih Lj fyRaC la c'V hS kuz
H Sau fla pfL gaj Sql Le Aia Rm e SeNZ ayL hfmih pjbe LlR H Aei aa ae
p Rmez L Hje hnMm flhn cM ae hl fLn Llmez Lju ae j ka hm Llu Bkj Me,
nM jSh, nq Bkk Hhw BlJ LuLSe ha Llez AeL Q Ll gaj SqL j ka pja Ll Nm H
na k, Bl LbJ ae Ns bL hl qhe ez

29

Bj H qjju flhn Apqu hd Llmj z fla euZl Le Efu eCz SeNZl BhNl eLV k flz
hwL u u Bj phC hTa flRz L LlZu LR eCz nq Bkk BjL j ha Lll Se ka hmm Bj
pheu Ahqa QCmjz Bj Bkn Mel Agl Shen cM j qmjz ae ph jC Nme Hhw pl fbC
Tjm pCa prj qmez
Ve pLm 5Vl hcm 1Vu QNj fyRmz QNj Vnel cn hpuLlz pcLC QM ku d jeol jb cM kuz
NR, cmel Rc, lu d jeo Bl jeozz 3Vu mmcO juce Sepi pJ HMel jJ gaj SqL
EWa qmz Ve pLm fyRh hm H j al Ll quRmz
hLm 3Vu Sepil qm hZeaaz hnm j 5 cml Lcu, fcnL J eu eahc Efaz mmcO juce
hlV eu; ah H c'cL l, HLcL eQ fqs, ll fn hcl fk pLm cmel Rc J hlcu jeo Bl
jeoz pLm cml ealC ha LlRez BjLJ ha ca quz L I flhn nacl elh ha ehl jX
bL ez aRs al gaj SqL cMa J al Lb ea Adk qu BRz
gaj Sql BN Selm Bkj Me ha Llez QNj Bkj Mel hlV eaL fih Rmz hcleNl J
Qlfnl hlV HmL OZTs J SmRp Qljih hd quz cNa jeol phu Bkj Me eS qSl qu k LWl
flnj J Nil jeh clcl flQu cuRe, p Lb LE ama fl e z ayl H jkcl LlZ ayl pwr ioZl pju
SeNZ elh qu ez
jqalj gaj Sq kMe cysme aMe 2/3 jeV Sepj Em qu lCmz pNe J nlNm Ll ayL Na
Semz fio qphC ae Maz Af pjuC ae jm hh Ec iou fLn Llez jeo Aa nih al Lb
ez ae ioZ no Llm Bhl nNel BJuS NV HmL jMla quz ayl Lbl plwn Rm x
""SeNZ iVdLl fuN LlC fLe Luj LlRmz fLe npe Lll AdLl d acl, kclL SeNZ
ehQa Llz 1958 pml Ahl fk H faa cn flQma qu HpRz 1959 pml 15 ghul eae npea
Aeku ehQe qhl Lb Rmz pefa BEuh Me cn lrl cual flha cn npe Lll Aeu p NqZ
Llez ae "q' h "e' iVl fqpe Ll fpXV fc cMm Ll BRez ayl pLm AfLjl SOeaj qm SeNZl
iVdLl Ls eJuz kl iVl jdj fLe Luj Llm al eL npLclL ehQa Lll kN euz
SeNZL Hih Afjea Ll ae Oo J ceal jdj hX jlcl iV L Ll BlJ 5 hRl rjau ByLs
bLa Qez
Bj H h hup Bfecl iVdLl gl fJul Bcme nlL qa hd quRz Bj fLe Bcme Luc
Bkjl pb Rmjz fLeL lnpLl qa Rs cu Bjl fr Ol hp bL ph euz Bj cn npel
clcua hqe Lla QC ez Bj ehQe hSu qm HL hRll jd SeNZl iVdLll ia ehQe Aee Ll
SeNZl ehQa faedcl qa cua am ca QC''z
Bj plZ Lla flR e k, gaj Sq YL J QNj Rs Bl LbJ NuRme Lez Ahn HVL je fs k,
qWv MS eSje qclN B qu CLm Llu pgl pwr LlC gaj Sq LlQ gl kez
MS eSje pJf flQma NZaL Bcmel efb ea qph NZz ae pgl e NmJ phcL cu
Bcmel ffoLa LlRmez qWv ayl CLm Bjl phC hha qu fsmjz aC gaj Sql pgl Ahqa
lM pjQe je Ll qm ez pfj LV HmLl kMe nl hwm J nqc pqlJucl Lhl luR, pMeC MS
pqhL cge Ll quz JMe cge Le Le jqm bL Bf ammJ pjma hld cml Aeaj ea qph
ayL JMe Lhl Ll ph quz

30

96.

jeuj Mel npejm

1962 pml Ahl Bhcm jeuj Me fh-fLel Niell cua NqZ Llez j LuuL jp Lcu j
qph cua fme Ll ae BCuh Mel c BLoZ Lla prj qez "62 bL "69-Hl jQ fk ae 7 hRl cfVl
pb lSa Llez
fnu ae ELm Rme Hhw jpmj mNl Sm fku pu ea Rmez Bjmcl ja SehR Rme ez ae
pwNWL Rme z aC ae fhha Nielcl ja plLl NaeNaL cua fme LlC kb je Llae ez
ae plcn plLl EcN BuSa hlV hlV Sepiu ha Ll aeV hou Seja Ns amhl phaL Q
Llez
1z fpXV BCuh MeL Sefu Llz
2z BCuh Mel eaa flQma Leiene jpmj mNL pwNWa Llz
3z hX pVjL LmZLl hm NqZ Lll Se SeNZL E Llz BCuh Mel fpwo Lla Nu ae hedu
OoZ Llae, ""BCuh Me fpXV BRe hm Bjl ja LoLl pe Niel qa flR''z
ae HV Efm Lla flee k, cnl lSea pQae jqm (R pjSpq) BEuh MeL NZal cnje je
Llaz SeNZl iVdLl qlZ Ll Aeuih ae lnpe Qm lMRez SeNZL iV chl pkN cm gaj
SqC fpXV ehQa qaez hVn Bjm bL SeNZ iVdLl iN Ll HpRz acl iVC fLe Luj
quRz AbQ hX pVj Qm Ll npe eQa Lll qe-En ae SeNZL iVdLl bL ha LlRez
ihLihC Niel jeuj MeL lSeaL jqm BCuh Mel HLeuaal HSV qphC NZ LlRz fpXV
ehQe hfL avfla QmuR, p hlV Sen Niell ae cg LjpQl Qlj hld qhlC Lbz pLm lSeaL
cml fQu SeNZ fpXV ehQel jdj BCuh Mel lnpe bL jl Bnu hX ehQe pu ijL
fme Llz aC BCuh MeL Sefu Lll fQ Qmu NZaje phCL Niel jeuj Me hr Ll amez
1953 pm bL 1969 pm fk Niel qES 15 Se Niell HXp qph Ljla jSl (Ah.) HpS Sme lQa
CwlSa mMa hCul Aehc bL Bj Ea cRz AehcL jg cmaz fLnL pMe fLnez Aeca hCVl
ej "hihel 15 Niel'z Niel jeuj Me pfL mMV h fn LlR x
""Lcu j qJul fh fk jeuj Me jujepwq nqll HLSe AMa ELm Rmez al Niel qJuV pLml Se
hpul hfl Rmz ae eS H fcl Se BNq a RmeC e, hlw Niel ekl Lb e ae hl hl BCuh
Mel LR rj QRme, ka ayL H fc ek Ll e quz
Bj ecn Aeku ekf, HL mM VL ia HLV hgLp Hhw ia p NielL eu 27 Ahl lJumf
bL LlQ Qm Bpz fb jeuj Me hn LuLhl hgLpV Mm cM eue, VLm WLWL BR Lez fll
ce pLm Bjl YLl En LlQ aN Llz YL hjehcl plLl LjLa, LVeaLhc Hhw Leiene jpmj
mNl eahN ayL pwhde fe Llez
jeuj Me ayl ihL plLl cua fme Rs ehfhaa jmL NZaL Sefu Ll am Hhw ehNWa
Leiene jpmj mNL pwNWa Lll LS BaeuN Llez ae fcnl pLm Smu pgl Lll LjpQ fZue
Llez ae BCuh Mel fnwpu fjM qmez ayl pj Lbha Hhw LjLl fRe HLV En unm,
Lih Selm BCuh Mel ihjaL fcnhpl AmL u fa cJu kuz

31

1964 pml jQ fpXV fh- fLe pgl Bpez jeuj Me Hhl jujepwq, emgjl Hhw Aee SuNu
hlV hlV Sepil BuSe Lle, ph BCuh Mel SuSuLl dea quz Lka pjN fcn jeuM Me ab
plLll euZde hm flmra quz HjeL, Qpml qph Niel jeuj Me lSnq hnhcmul
LeiLne kNce Ll pecf halZ Llez pMe Le fahc h NNm quez Ahn YLpq hi nql
BCuh-jeujl hl Rl jT jd nNe EQlZ qlaz
YL hnhcmul LeiLnel alM edla qu 22 jQ 1964z e LSe qm, pju pLm 10Vz BdOV BN
Niel pqh fmnl elfpq LSe qml En lJue qmez fde NVl pje LR Rl hlf nNel de
ne Nmz Bjl acl fn LVu qml Ljlu fhn Llmjz Niel pMe LeiLnel lJuS Aeku
fnLc, NEe, Vf, Cac fl emez Rcl Nahd, hlf nNe Cac cM-e Bjl fjc emjz iCp
Qpml X. Hj J Nel Qql jme qu EWmz fnm hl XBCS jH qL HNu Hp NielL fm ka
eod Llme Hhw Aee ham Lll Se fljn cmez e Niel jeuj Me clZ Npp J Ej fLn Llmez
XBCSL hmme, Bfel WLja cua fme LlRe ez LeiLne pih Aeel Se pLm hdl jLhm
Lla qhz
HC hm ae, iCp Qpml, hnhcmul AdfLhc Hhw Bja Aabhc pjihql fml cL lJue
qmez Bj Hhw Niell jmVl pVl Lem HjBC Llj ayl fRe fRe Qmmjz fm fhn LlaC
hTa fmj Ah hNaLz fml HL LZ bL Rl nNe ca mNm Hhw p p Qul iPQl l Ll
cmz HC pe flal jdC jeuj Me Qpmll ec Bpe Nu hpmez iCp Qpml X. Ne asOs
Ede ioZ plmez LE lm L em e, hT Nm ez Qpml jeuj Me cysu ayl mMa ioZ fsa
l Llmez ESa Rl hCll cL bL fde clS cu fm YLl Se s-qj l Llmz pn fmn
Le lLj acl WLu lMl Q LlRmz HL fku al mWQS Llm Hhw no fk Vul Np Rysa hd
qmz Npl fauu fml ial AiNacl ljm cu QM jRa cM Nmz X. Hj J Ne BjL XL
hmme, Bj k NielL ayl ioZ pwrf Lla hmz Bj Niell Lel LR Nu iCp Qpmll LbV hmaC
ae BjL HL lLj d cu plu cme Hhw ioZl no nV fk fs alfl hpmez hCl aMe q-Q,
qj Hhw nNe QmRmz
H pju Bjcl fde Lah ph qm, NielL fm bL elfc hl Ll Niel qES fyR cJu z Bjl
LuLSe Niell pje pje Qmmj, ka CV-fVLm k LR Bjcl Efl cu kuz Bjl ha HLV Hhw Lem
Lljl jbu Bl HLV fbll VLl Hp fsz iNp Leml jbu Vf Rm, eCm HLV "Me-Mlh' qu kaz
Niel qES fyRC jeuj Me NmkN pLlcl nhdel Se LWe Bcn Sl Llmez palw pC laC
Bcmel OyV CLhm qm (haje Slm qL qm) OlJ Ll qmz CEeipV h Ll cJu qmz Rcl jlfVu qm bL hl Ll cJu qmz QlSe RL CEeipV bL hql Ll qm Hhw cCSel HjH XN ham
Ll qmz
1965 pml Seul jp 80 qSl hX jll iV fLe fpXV ehQe Aea quz HLcL Selm
BCuh Me Hhw AecL pjma hld cml fb jp gaj Sqz BCuh Mel hfm iV Sumil r
Niel Bhcm jeuj Me fia
Ahce lMez
fLaL ckNLm jeuj Me fbj h Rme, ke cNa HmLu fyRaez al Bjm hn LuLhl OZTs
pjL fhe fcnl Efl BOa qez dwpmml cL bL 11 j 1965-Hl OZTsl Lb phN EMkNz HC
alM hlnm J QNjl EfLmu Ampjq faL ckNl ahmm pwuOVa quz Nhcfpq qSl qSl
jeo pjL SmRp ip kuz HL qph 10,941 Se eqa Hhw aadL Bqa quz Niel jeuj Me
SmRpl flha c'jp dl cNa Am Ol Ol Z J El LS aclL LlRez ae LMe fln qae ez 70

32

hRl hupJ, L Z J fehpe LS, L lSeaL LS Abh fnpeL LS, ae HL eNs ceil Qmu ka
flaez
jeuj Me MeLV hcjSS Rmez HacpJ Bj hmh, ae djil Hhw cnfjL Rmez ae BlLih
fh- fLel SeNZl LmZ Lje Llaez
1969 pml 12 ghul fpXV BCuh Me cnhf lSeaL NmkN J hlf Bcmel jM OoZ Lle,
BNj fpXV ehQe ae fb qhe e Hhw H p Qsz OoZV lXJa nej Niel jeuj Me lN,
NppuNlNl Lla mNmez AeLrZ Ol "TV jhcl' hl hshs hlme HL fku f Ll hmme, BCuh
Me BjL no Ll cuRz BjL Sh Lhl cuRz
Niel jeuj Me Aa fhm fafl pb 7 hRl H fcn npe Llez ae Aa LjW J ctpwLfl flQu cez
k Lla QCae, k Le EfuC qL a pf e Ll r qae ez 1969 pml nocL ae BCuh Mel
npel "pgml HL cnL' Aa SyLSjLl pb fme Bl Llez Cajd NZaL Bcme Slcl qJuu
1969 pml ghula BCuh Me fR qVa hd qez gm pgml cnL fme hb qu''z

R Ae ppl pQe
Niell HXpl mM bL Se Nm k, jeuj Mel ja, huch RclL nu Lll Se X hhql Ll
fuSez L n fuN Ll Rcl cje Lll ea jVC pWL euz SuEl lqjel pbJ hnhcmul Rl
Ai BQlZ LlRmz fmn n fuN Ll cje Lla QuRmz ae fmnL Ha e cu pv pqpl flQu ce
Hhw Rcl LR HLC Qm Nmez Rl Bl huch Llm ez
Niel lnpehld J NZaLj R pwNWeNml jLhml Se HeHpHg (enem VXVp gXlne) ej
HLV R pwNWe Ns ame HlC phfbj mW J qLVL hhql Ll n fuNl Lfb Qm Llz LuL hRl
Aee R pwNWe acl pp eal cfV cje qu bLz plLl ffoLa fu al Lfp fde hl
Lla prj quz
ihL LlZC Hl fauu fafr BalrjmL hh NqZ fuSe je Llz HihC R Ae pp avfla
Qm quz aMe BNu pqSmi Rm e Hhw Hl fQmeJ l quez "71-H jkl jdj BNu Rcl qa
fyRz haje mW J qLVL HLhlC pLm hm NZz pp HMe Aeilz Lh k cn H jpha bL j
fh L Se? HLV Lfb Qm Ll pqS; L h Ll hsC LWez euja Rcl jSSl pb A Mf Ma fl
ez aC Aeil R pwNWe pn ARcl fuSez quz A flql Lla flm ARcl Le fuSe bLh ez

"65 pml HLV OVe

1965 pml 6 pVl ila fLe BjZ Llz 24 OVl jd mql cMm Ll nmjlhN hSuvph Lll
OoZ cu z hlV V hqe HNu Bpz fb Le ec eC hm mfb pqSC HRz Hahs V hqel
jLhml Se Selm V Me Aieh hh Llmez 50 Se peL Ljl XejCV hyd ll c'fnl Sm
bLh Hhw V hqe Bpl pb pb al VwLl eQ Tyfu fshz Hih Baa ca E Lll Se ae
OoZ cme k, ae eSJ BaaN Llhez peLl SelmL hlZ Llme Hhw cnlrl Ej She EvpN
Lla pja qmez

33

ilau V hqe H Sau Bjel Lb LfeJ Llez pjMl cLl 50V V hd qu Nm a dhje
fRel Vm HLVl Efl Bl HLV jX Mu fsmz V Ahela ilau peL hlV pwMu eqa qm z
mql hSul f cmpv qu Nmz
Ahl jp Sjual Lcu jSmp nlu kNcel En mql Nm Bjl AeLC Iph hd V cMR z
BlJ kph HmLu k quR pMeJ Bjl NuRz I k hwmcn pe-Agpl J Suel kNa J hla
fcne Ll kb pej ASe LlRz
17 ce k Qml fl SapwOl fQu 22 pVl chNa nola khla ph quz Qel iu ila fhfLel Efl qjm Qmuez qjm Llm ilal jLhm Lll Se fh- fLe Le pjlL fa Rm ez
k QmLm Niel jeuj Me pLm lSeaL cml eaclL Niee qES pjha Llez k plLlL pjbe
Lll Se HhP ilal hl Seja NWe Lll Se ae Bhce Seez ilal BjZl hl ph cmC Cajd
hha cuRz ilahld fQlZ Bl Slcl Lll EnC Niel pqh Bqe Seez
lSeaL eahcl fr bL hn LuLSe ah fau h Ll hmme k, fh-fLel falrl Le hh
eC Le? kc ila fh-fLe qjm Qmu aqm L fQj-fLe bL Hl jLhm Ll ph? H Lb aMe
fQma Rm k, BCuh Me J fQj-fLe Selmcl falr ea HVC Rm k, fh-fLe qjm Llm
fQj bL ila qjm Ll a WLe khz H eal hl pMe hr jaja fLn Ll quz Niel A
Apquahd Lle Hhw H hou pjmL hh ca prj e qJuu aL hn hha je qkz
ri fLnLlcl phl ej je eCz nM jShC phQu hn pQl Rmez H hou Bjpq ph cml ealC
HLC lLj hh lMez Niell I Apqu hu Bj hmmj, ""k fLe hSu qL HV Bjl phC QCz Bjl
hT k, H ja Niel pqh Bjcl ril faLl Lll fSne eCz L fpXVl eLV Bjcl ch Ahm
kbkb lal pb am dlhe hm Bn Ll''z
Bjl hhl hfl LE Le Bf amee hV; L Ha jeuj MeL Apqu Ah bL El Ll qR je
Ll LE LE Ap quRe hm ihia hT Nmz
H OVel fl Niel pqh Vmge Bjl fljn QCaez BjJ Le Le pju ge Lb hmajz Le hou c
BLoZ Llm ae la caez Baual pfL
BljeVm al jpSc pwmN jlfe jekml Seh Sql jqjc Bcm jeuj Mel Sjaz Bl BCcm
pqhl Bfe c'QQa hel j Bjl c'iCz H phc Niel pqhl pb BL cJua cae Hhw
pkNja HL Bmf Llaez
Bl LR bL Semj k, HLV AekNl pl Niel pqh Bjl je jh Llme, ""je qu Nmj Bkj
eSL hs je Llz p Le pju Bjl LR Bp ez Bjl La clpfLl Bau Hp La pkN phd eu kuz''
e BL hmmj, ""kc Bj ayl cul LPm qaj aqm ayl eLV Bjl Le jmC bLa ez cnl b
plLll pjmQejmL Le hha cJuJ Bjl ph qa ez Bj k Bcme Ll a BjL Ll AeNq ir
Lll Aeja cu ez'' H Lb e B jc qpmez

apMc OoZ

34

fL-ila k 23 pVl h qmJ kl flZaa kph pjpl p qau, Hl jjwpl Se aaufrl jdal
fuSe quz lnul fpXV LpNe p ijL fmel En jd-Hnul jpmj cn EShLel lSde
apMc (aMe piuV CEeuel Ai Rm) fLel fpXV BCuh Me J ilal fdej mm hqcl
nl jd BmQel hh Llez
Eiu fr khc luRz k Eiu frC Afl cnl LR HmL cMm Ll euRz k Lnl pjp fL-ila
hldl jm LlZ, p hou pjTa fuSez Hph hou 1966 pml 6 bL 10 Seul LpNel jdau k
Q qu a "apMc OoZ' ej fQla quz H OoZu rlcel flflC mm hqcl n apMcC qVgm Ll
ja hlZ Llez
H OoZ pfL fLel lSeaL jqm hlf faul p quz pLm hld cm kph jh Ll Hl plLb
qm, pn hqe J SeNZ k Sumi LlRz L fpXV BCuh apMc ilal eLV flSu Ll Ll
HpRez
H jhl k Aa fz Lnl Cp 1948 pm bLC SapwOl jdj jjwpl houz fa eqll fh
AekuC Lnl cMm eu fL-ila khla LkLl Ll SapwO NZiVl jdj Lnl pjpl pjdel p
cuz apMc OoZu ila-fLe frL BmQel jdj jjwpl Lb EM bLu LVeaL cL cu ilal
pgm J fLel hba fjZa quz

Lnl pjp
houV phl eLV pf Lll En Lnl pjpV am dl fuSe hd LlRz Bjcl eae fSjl eLV houV
HLhlC Afz gme pjpl Qu Lnl pjp jpmj Ejql Se Lj lafZ euz 1947 pm ilaho hi
qu fLe J ila ej c'V de l flZa quz kph fcn jpmjcl pwM hn p fcnm fLel
Ai qhl Lbz p qph hcn J fh Ahi AhuC fLe njm qJu EQa Rmz L hcY CwlS
npLcl pja fu H cV fcn Ajpmjl hi Lla prj qkz gm fLel BLl AeL RV quz
hVn npejm ilaho RV-hs AeLm unpa lS Rmz H ph lSL CMaul cJu qu k, al eSl
p eu fLe h ila kNce Llh Abh de bLhz RV lSm Qf fs ila njm qa hd quz
SeNs lSL ila Sl LlC eu euz cV lSC hs RmA, Sj J Lnl Hhw crZa quhcz OVej
Sj Lnl naLl 90 Se jpmj qmJ npL Rme qc-jqlS ql pwz AflcL qc pwMNl quhcl
npL Rme jpmjz
quhcl npL ekj fLe kNcel OoZ cm ila pn hqe hhql Ll quhc cMm Ll euz
Lnll Ahpwhca ea nM Bhcql f eqll Oe h Rmez eqll hsJ Lnlz nM Bhcql pjbe
eu jqlS ql pw Sj J LnlL ila njm Lll OoZ cuz Lnll SeNZ Qlj fLef qJuu "47
pmC fLe pehqe SeNZl far pqkNa eu Lnl cMm Ll EcN euz gm fL-ila k l qu ku
Sj J Lnlz ilau hqe Sepjbe e fJuu fR qVa hd qu Hhw fLhqe Ha bLz fLhqe Sj J
Lnll ae iNl HLiN cMm Ll gml fl ilal fdej fa eql SapwO dle ce, ka khlal
hh Ll quz fLe fl Lnl cMl Lla prj bLu khlal fr Rm ez L SapwOl pdlZ floc
phpja qk fh fp Ll k, Sj J Lnll SeNZ lXljl (NZiV) jdj p eh k, al Le cnl
Ai qhz SapwOl Qf fLe khlaa pja qkz
eqlC SapwOl eLV dlZ cu khlal hh Llz AbQ efwnL SapwO eqll npejmJ NZiVl Se
ilaL pja Lla hb quz fLe J Lnll SeNZ Na 50 hRl bL NZiVl f h hhua Lll ch Seu
HpRz no fk eln qu SeNZ 1988 pm bL pn k pwNj l Llz fahncl pb falZ Ll J Juc
i Ll ilal LVeaL Iaqz Na fn hRl bL ila Sl LlC Sj J Lnl cMm Ll BR Hhw "88 pm
35

bL j pwNjL cje Lll Se NZqa QmRz SapwO LuL jpl jdC Ccenul fh-ajl NZRVl
jdj dea ce Lla flm, AbQ Lnl eScl fhJ hhuel hh Lla flm ez

apMc BCuh Mel LVeaL flSu

apMc fL-ila kl pb pwn houl pjTa qJul fl ila Aa Qalal pb hcafZ flhn p Ll
BCuh MeL H Lbl Efl pja Llm k, frL BmQel jdj Lnl pjpl pjde Ll qhz eqll pju
bLC ila Ahlj OoZ Ll BpR k, Lnl ilal "AVV A' (AhRc A)z Bl fLel ch qR k,
SapwOl jdj NZiV Hl gupm qa qhz
BCuh plLll fllj SmgLl Bm i apMc OoZl fahc fcaN Ll Sau hl qhl Se BCuhhld Bcme l Llmez
97.

BCuh-hld NZaL Bcme

apMc OoZl fauu pLm lSeaL cmC Aa pQl iaL fme Llz BCuh Me AeL EuejmL LS
Ll kVL Sefua ASe Llme, apMc OoZu LVeaL flSu hlZ Llu a clZih qp fa bLz aMe
bLC BCuh Mel fael pQe qu Hhw NZaL Bcmel flhn p quz
I pju jJme jJccl HL hha lSeaL jqm Aa fnwpa quz ae hme, ""XLVVll eSl cn kaC
hqcl cML, BSaL Ae al chm ijLC fme Llz LlZ acl fRe SeOel n LkLl bL e Hhw
al kMe p eu aMe SeNZl eLV SJuhcqal flJu Ll ez SeNZl ehQa plLlfde cn Sepjbel
LPm hm cfV cMu ez L BSaL juce Aa nnm ijL fme Lla prj quz BCuh Me J mm
hqcl nl jd HVC hlV fbLz''
apMc OoZl fl HLjpl jdC lSeaL cmpjq lnpel hl NZaL Bcme Slcl Lll Se
ANpl quz
1964 pm k LuV lSeaL cm ILhih fpXV ehQel Se COP (pjma hld cm) NWe LlRm,
pph cml eahc 1966 pml 5 ghul mql HL pjme jma quz Sjua Cpmj fLe, fLe
BJuj mN, fLe jpmj mN (LEpm) J fLe ekj Cpmj fVl eahc E pjme apMc CpL
Lc Ll lnpel hl NZaL Bcme Bhl Slnl Bl Lll p eez fll ce 6 ghul
Bcmel pwNWeL LWj J NZchl amL al Hhw cnhf Aikel LjpQ NqZ Ll qh hm p eu
pjme jmah Ll quz COP-Hl Lcu Qulje J fLe BJuj mN pifa eJuhkc eplq Me
pjme pifaa Llez
5 alM pu Sjual Lcu Ljflocl hWL hpz jJme jJcc pifaa LlRmez ae VCf Ll HLV
LNS Bjl pje HNu cu hmme, fh-fLe BJuj mNl pifa nM jShl lqjel fr bL H LNSV
hm Ll quz
jJmel ecn CwlSa VCf Ll LNSVl hh Ljflocl pcpclL fs emjz Ha 6 cg ch fn Ll
qu Hhw pjme kNceLl pLm cmL a pjbe Lll Se Bqe See quz

36

jJme flocL Seme k, fLe BJuj mNl pifa eJuhkc eplq Me ge Aa hha qu
jJmel eLV cxM fLn Llmez cml fcnL pifa Lcu pifaL Efr Ll H ph ch fn Llu
phcmu pjme hb qhl Efj qm Nmz
flce pLm cnVu 4 cmu pjmel hWL Bcmel hfl lafZ p ehl Lbz L pLm cM Nm,
plLl pjbL pLm CwlS J Ec fLu nM jShl pwhcL pjme fn Ll 6 cg ch phQu lapqLl
gm J Ll fLna quz Ha hT Nm k, hld cmpjql pjma Bcmel fQL epv Lll Se 6 cg
Aa LkLl ijL fme Llh je LlC plLl Hih gmJ Ll Sll je LlRz Hih nM jShl ijL
pjmeL heQm Ll cmz fLe BJuj mNl pifa eJuhkc qmJ fQj-fLe H cmVl Le la
Rm ez BJuj mN fh-fLeC nnm Rm z 6 cg fh eJuhkcJ pjbe e Llu Hhw Ae Le cml
pjbel Le phe e bLu eJuhkc pjme ham OoZ Llez gm BCuh-hld Bcme pjmaih l
Ll ph qm ez BCuh Me l exnp gmez

fXHj NWe
BCuh Mel lnpe-hld Bcme pjmaih Ll ph e qmJ pLm lSeaL cmC SeNZl iVdLl
hqm Lll cha pQl quz NV fLeC NZaL Bcme Sefua mi Lla bLz
fh- fLe nM jShl eaa BJuj mN 6 cg cha Bcme Lla bLz 1966 pml ghula BCuh
plLl lSeaL cmml ILfQ heQml Se 6 cg gmJ Ll fQl LlmJ 8 j nM jShL Nl Ll
fuSe je Llz lSeaL NlS hsC hmCz 6 Ngl Bcme BlJ Slcl qm BJuj mNl LuLSe noea
Nl qez H Ahu Bje hNjl eaa 6 cg Bcme Ahqa bLz
H flaa fh J fQj-fLe SeNZl lSeaL SNlZl fra ILh NZaL Bcmel la Aeia

quz 1967 pml 30 Hfm phL fcnL jMj Seh BaEl lqje Mel hpihe 5V cml eahcl HL
hWL quz cmm qm, fLe BJuj mN, fLe jpmj mN (LEpm), fLe ekj Cpmj fV, Sjua
Cpmj fLe J HeXHg (enem XjVL V)z
E hWL "fLe XjVL jijV' (PDM) ej lSeaL SV Luj qu Hhw faL cm bL aeSe Ll
faed eu Lcu LkLl floc NWa quz
1z
2z
3z
4z
5z

HeXHg bL phSeh elm Bje, qjcm qL Qdl J BaEl lqje Mez

jpmj mN bL ju jjak jqjc Me cmae, Seh agm Bm J MS Mulez
Sjua Cpmj bL ju agum jqjc, jJme jqjc Bhcl lqj J AdfL Nmj Bkjz
BJuj mN bL eJuhkc eplq Me, HXiVL Bhcp pmj Me J Nmj jqjc Me mcMlz
ekj Cpmj fV bL Qdl jqjc Bm,a Seh glc Bqjc J HjBl Mez

E hWL EflE pLmC Efa Rmez

fXHj fn fh- fL BJuj mN dhiL

fXHj NWel pb pbC fh-fLe BJuj mN c'iN hi qu kuz 6 cgf BJuj mNl jLhmu
fXHjf BJuj mNl 24 pcphn fbL HXqL LjV NWa quz fLe BJuj mNl JuLw LjV 1967
pml 23 BN H LjVl ej OoZ Llz LjVl pifa qe jJme Bhcl lnc aLhNn, pq-pifa knll

37

HXiLV jnul lqje, pVl lSnql HXiLV jShl lqje J Lodr elm Cpmj Qdlz pcpcl
jd EMkNcl ej x
Bhcp pmj Me HXiLV (glcfl), ju Bhcl lnc (knl), Bhcl lqje Me (Lj), jaEl lqje (lwfl),
lqje Bqjc (ceSfl), pc Bqjc HXiLV (Lu), mLaq (hlnm), jjee Bqjc (Mme), SmmEe
Bqjc (pmV), elm qL HXiLV (lwfl), LVe jepl Bm (fhe), Smja Bm Me HXiLV (jujepwq)z

fXHjfXHj-Hl 8
fXHji cmml ct hnp Rm k, ilal ja pfplZhc cnl jLhmu jpmj cn qph jkcl pb
VHL bLa qm fh J fQj-fLel jkha IL fuSez I ph cml fh-fLe eacl ci Rm k,
NZaL npehh hqm Ll qm pwMNl fcn qph fh- fLel fde HL pju AhnC hqm qhz Le
cn pwMNl HmL fbL qhl Q Ll ez pwMmO HmLC H Sau Q Ll bLz fu QlcL ila l
ha Ahu fh-fLe Bmc qm ilal Bdfal nLl qhl fhm Bn luRz
BJuj mNl HLwnpq fXHji cmpjq 6 cg chL lu pwqa flf je Llz fQj-fLe bL fh-
fLeL fbL Lll flLfeuC 6 cg lQa hm dlZ quz aC Hl hLf qph fXHj ej 8 cg ch fn
Ll, ka fcnL plLl fZ unpe iN Lla fhz
1z npea ej hdepjql hh bLh x
(L)
(M)
(N)
(O)
(P)

fmjVl fal gXlm plLl;

1956 pml npea jahL fhucl far iV ehQa BCe flocl fde ;
fZ jmL AdLl;
pwhcfl Ahd BSc;
hQl hiNl eQa deaz

2z gXlm plLl ej houpjql Efl rja fuN Llhe x

(L)
(M)
(N)
(O)

falr (Xgp);
hcnL hou;
j J Lcu Abhh;
BxfcnL kNkN J hZS Hhw ILja edla Ae k Le houz

3z fZ BmL unpe Luj Ll qCh Hhw Lcu hou Rs plLll Ahn khau rja npea fa
BmL plLll eLVC e bLhz
4z Eiu fcnl jd hlSje AbeaL hoj 10 hRll jd cl Ll fLe LlLll npeaL cua qChz
(L)
(M)
(N)

HC pjul jd cnlr J hcnL hou hu Hhw haje J ihov hcnL GZcepq Lcu
plLll ceu fh-fLe hua Abl BefaL Awn Bcul fl fh-fLe ASa pfZ j
elnih HC fcnC hu Ll qChz
Eiu Aml ASa hcnL j fcnL plLlul eln LaadeC bLhz
AbeaL oj cl e qJu fk fLe plLl hcnL pqk J GZl r fh- fLeL ANdLl
fce Llhe Hhw Hje BbL ea NqZ Llhe kqa fh-fLe qCa jmde fQl pfZ h Ll
38

kuz HC En hwLl jJSc Ab J jeg, hjl fjuj Hhw nfl jeg pfL kbpju Efk
BCe fZue Ll qChz
5z (L) j, hcnL j J Lcu hwLw;
(M) BxBmL hZS;
(N) BxBmL kNkN;
(O) hcnL hZSz
EflE houpjql faLV fh J fQj-fLel pjpwML pcp mCu NWa HL HLV hX l flQma
qChz Sau flocl faL fcnl pcpNZ eS fcnl Se E hXpjql pcpNZL ehQe Llhez
6z pfjLV Hhw LVeaL hiNpq Lcu plLll pLm hiN J unpa fae fh J fQj-fLel
pjpwML h l NWa qChz HC pwMpj ASel Se ihoa HLLih LjQl euN Lla qCh kqa 10
hRll jd aqcl pwM Eiu fcn pje qCa flz
7z falr r LkLl pjlL n J pjupl hfl Eiu Aml jc pja hde Ll fLe plLll
npeaL cua qChz HC En(L) fh- fLe pjlL HLXj, A ejZ LlMe, LXV LmS fe Lla qChz
(M) cnlr hqel aeV hiNC fh-fLe qCa fuSeu pwML mL euN Lla qChzZ
(N) ehqel pcl cl fh-fLe ela Lla qChzHC fLfe hhuel En fh J fQjfLel pjpwML pcp pwhma HLV Xgp LEpm NWe Ll qChz
8z HC OoZu npea l 1956 pml npea hTu, kq Ahm Sl Ll qChz HC npea Qm Llhl 6
jpl jd Lcu J fcnL BCe flocl ehQe Aea qChz Sau flocl fbj AdhneC HC LjpQ 2
qCa 7 cgpjqL npea phna Ll qChz EflE mrpjq hhuel Se fLe NZaL Bcmel
Ai pLm lSeaL cm J fae ILh Hhw fbL fbLih fahz

nM jShl ci
1971 pm HLV pn jkl jdj Hhw ila plLll far lSeaL J pjlL qrfl pqk HLV de
l qph hwmcnl Aicu OVRz nM jSh Hih fQj-fLe bL fbL qhL Le flLfe jVC
Lleez kc a Llae aqm 1971 -Hl 25 jQ chNa la CuqCu Mel pehqel qa CRLaih fl
qae ez aqm BJuj mNl Aee eacl ja aeJ ila Qm kaez hn Hje Le ekl eC k, Le
pefa fafrl eLV CRLaih dl cuz
ae fLel fdej qa QuRmez fLel Lcu rjau hm 6 cg hhuel jdj ae jfku fbL
l qph hwmcnL Nsa QuRmez fbL qJul Q al jNS 1956 pmC e Ll euz LwNpl djelfr
jahc J k ehhe BJuj mcl NWZa phna qhl fl Hhw BJuj jpmj mN bL jpmj n AfplZl
fl bLC al jM hPm Saual BJuS ne kuz
jpmj Saual iaC fLe Bcme quz qpe nqc pqlJucl Oe khea qph ae fLe
Bcme Aa pu ijL fme Llez L 1956 pm fcnL BCeiu Ajpmj pcpcl pjbe rjape
qhl En acl ch Aeku kMe ae jpmj Saual nee hPm Sauahc e Ll euz
ayl pb Bjl lSeaL Oeal LlZ Bj Efm LlR k, ae eMm fLe iL lSeaL ci foZ
Lle ez ae d fcn iL lSea euC pz HVC ihLz LlZ hPm Saua iL lSea fh, p,
pj fcn J hmQe Mf Ma fl ez Hih ae fLe iL lSeal AkN qu fsez p Saua
39

iL lSea kje fh-fLe AQm, aje al lSeaJ fQj-fLel EfkN lCm ez H Ql iaC 6
cg lQaz

nM jShl 6 cg
1966 pml 5 ghul fh- fL BJuj mNl pdlZ pfcL nM jShl lqje mql HL pwhc pjme ejlf
6 cg LjpQ OoZ Lle x
1z npeaL LWj J lu fL a x 1940 pml mql fhl ia fLe HLV kl qChz pMe fh
J fQj-fLeL fZ fcnL unpe Hhw fQj-fLel AmmL fZ BmL unpe ca qChz
fLe pwpcu plLl faa qCh Hhw fhu eNlLcl iV ehQa BCepil phija bLhz
2z Lcu plLll rja x Lcu (gXlm) plLll rja Lhm c'V hou, kb-cnlr J hcnL eaa
pjh bLhz
3z j J Ab pu raj x L. c'V fcnl Se c'V fbL AbQ Ahd hejukN j bLhz
Abh M. pjN cnl Se HLV jC lM kCa flz ah pr fh-fLe qCa fQj-fLe jmde fQl h
Lll Se LkLl pwhdeL hh bLa qChz HC r fh-fLel fbL hwLw lSi Hhw fbL Ab J j
houL ea bLhz
4z lS, Ll J pu rja x Ll dkl Le rja Lcu plLll bLh ez HCJ rja kll
AlSml qa e bLhz ah Lcu plLl AlSl lSl HLV ec Awn mi Llhz
5z hcnL hZS houL rja x fLe gXlnei c'V AlSl (fh J fQj-fLe) hcnL j Bul
c'V fbL Ma qph lM qChz hqhZSl jdj ASa fh- fLel Bu fQj-fLe plLll euZ
bLhz Lcu plLll hcnL jl Qqc pje ql h phpja Le ql AlSmC jVChz AlSml
jd cnS hcl QmQml r h Ll Sau Le hd-eod bLh ez pwhdel AlSmL hcn eS
eS hZSL faed flZ Hhw -b hcnl pqa hZSL Q pfcel rja ca qChz
6z BmL phhqe NWel rja x BmL pwqa J pwhde lrl Se pwhde AlSmL u Laa
de
Bd-pjlL h BmL pehqe NWe J lMl rja ca qChz Abv fh-fLe Cql eS Bd-pjlL h
BmL pehqe NWe J foZ Lll AdLl qChz

6 cg J jJme ipe
nM jShl 6 cg ch pfL 1966 pml ghulaC enem BJuj fVl pifa jJme Bhcm qjc Me
Mmeu HL Sepiu OoZ Llme, ""nM jSh, Bj ajl 6 cg Xpjp Ll cmjz'' nM jSh LlNl hc
bLLm 1969 pml Seula jf J fLwf R pwNWepq pLm hjf jqm Hhw XLpl if agum
Bqjc J SHp ekj Ljle 11-cg chej lQe Llz H 11 cgl jd nM jShl 6 cgJ njm Ll quz
hpul hou k, jJme ipe 6 cgl Sefua h qa cM ae 11 cgl Bcme eaa ca HNu Hmez
jJmel eaa njL jqmJ ps cuz Hih nM jShl Aefaa jJme ipe R J njLcl eaa NqZ
Ll lSeaL Ae E Ll amez hi e fmnl ma mL eqa qu Hhw jJme Hph OVeL kNal
pb LS mNez

40

fXHjfXHj-Hl pwOWeL LWj

fLe XjVL jijVl Lcu Qulje qe fLe BJuj mNl pifa eJuhkc eplq Me Hhw
Lcu pVl qe HeXHg-Hl Seh jqjc Bmz
fh-fLe BmL nMl Qulje qe 8 cgf BJuj mNl ea Beh Bhcp pmj Me Hhw pVl qe
AdfL Nmj Bkjz Lodr qe HeXHg-Hl fcnL pelVl Seh Bhcp pjc, ke flhaa BJuj mN
eaz I pju al ejl pb Bkc nV Rm ez hwmcn Bjm a ejl Awn qkz
1967 pml Se jpC fXHj-Hl BmL Agp YLl jNhSl Qll fn HL camu Luj Ll quz BmL
pVl qph Bj hma Nm phrZLihC cua fme Lla bLz ae jpl jdC fXHj-Hl Sm pwNWe
Luj Ll qkz

fXHjfXHj-Hl 8 cg iL Bcme
jNhSl BmL Agpl fnl Ljhu Lcu Agp Ll qu, kMe Seh jqjc Bm jT jT hpae BmL
Agp faL ceC LjQm Rmz Bj a eujaC qSl qajz kl fXHj-Hl Bcme pu ijL fme
Llae al qme, Qulje Bhcp pmj Me, Lodr Bhcp pjc, ekj Cpmjl HjBl Me J LEpm
jpmj mNl auq-he-qhhz
fXHj-Hl 8 cg hfLih fQll En HLV fL hfm pwMu fLn Ll quz Ha 6 cgl kiL Aa
nme pjmQeJ njm Ll qu, ka fWL-fWL c'V ame Lll pkN fuz
fXHj BmL Agpl is J Aee euja MlQl Se fyQ fVl EflC pje AwLl Qyc dk Ll qkz HLj
Sjual CpmjC p jahL ec alMl jd jpL Qyc Bcu Llaz phQu Aeuja Rm BJuj
jpmj mNz ekj Cpmj euja bLl Q Llaz
5 fVl cuanmcl HL hWL H hou BmQel HL fku HLSe jh Llme k, HLj Sjual CpmjC
de fVz cml aqhm pwNql fa eu BmQeu cM Nm Ljcl bL jpL euja Ab pwNq Lll hh
HLj Sjua CpmjaC BRz auq-he-qhh jh hlme, ""Sjua Cpmj Nlh mLcl de fV, Bl
Ael de mLcl Nlh fVz''
98.

fXHjfXHj-Hl fQlike
1967 pml na jJpj l qhl pb pbC fXHj-Hl BmL eahc hi Smu Sepi Llez BCuh Mel
lnpel Ahpe Ll SeNZl far iV ehQa NZaL plLl Luj Ll Hhw fh- fLel fZ unpe
eQa Lll En SeNZL 8 cgl Bcme nlL qJul Bqe See qkz
H fQlikel Bpm VlNV BCuh Mel hl Seja Ns am Hhw hX pVj EvMa Ll SeNZl iVdLl
hqm Ll z Lcu J fcnL plLll jd lu rja Lih hVe Ll qh 8 cgu aC EM Ll quz fLeL
ILh lM fcnL fZ unpe chl lflMC 8 cgu fn Ll quz

41

Bj kph Sepiu fde h Rmj, pMe Bjl hal fl naclL fn Lll pkN cJu quz ihL
LlZC 6 cg pfL fn Ll Ll qaz Bj f iou hmaj k, fh J fQj-fLeL HL l qph VLu
lMa qm 6 cg NqekN qa fl ez Le Le cgl BmQe Ll Bj H Lb fjZ Llajz

Lju pd hWL
Sepil fl pd hWLJ Ll qa, ka acl pb Mmjm jaheju Ll kuz Bjl je fs, Lj VEe qm
jmeuae fXHj-Hl Sepil fl Lclfs pej qml eLV HL hsa 30/35 Sel HL pd hWL quz Ha
AdfL, BCeSh, hhpu Hhw LmSl R Efaz 6 cg pfL Bjl hh Bf am qmz Bj fnLaL
Sp Llmj, Bfe 6 cg L imih fsRe? ae hme k, cMR hV; L phLb je eCz
Sea QCmj, aqm Lpl ia Bf Llme? hmme, fh-fLel chcJu qphC Bjl 6 cg pjbe
Llz Sp Llmj, Bfel L HV Qe k, fh-fLe fQj-fLe bL Bmc l flZa qL? LuLSeC
Sl cu hmme, e a QC ez
Hlfl Efa phCL Sp Llmj k, Bfecl jd k k jekN cu 6 cg fsRe acl pb Bj H
hou jahejk Lla QCz Aa hpul hfl k, HLSeJ imih 6 cg pfL Ahqa hm ch Llme ez
Bj jh Llmj k, HLV lSeaL cml fr bL cnl plLl NWe J flQmel Se 6 cg LjpQ fn Ll
quR Bfecl ja EQ nra J pQae mLlJ kc a pWLih e SeC Aih pjbe Lle aqm cnl
ihov L? Bjl jh aclL HLV ma qa cM hmmj, cn pjlL npe J ANZaL plLl Luj bLu
fh- fLel fa k AhQl Ll quR Hl faLll SeC SeNZl far iV ehQa NZaL plLl Luj
Ll fuSez NZfaedNZ fh-fLel SeNZl AdLl Bcul Se exbih Q Llm Lcu plLlL hd
Ll phz
Bj 1962 pml EcqlZ cu fjZ Llmj k, fh- fLel eacl chmal LlZC Bjl AdLl bL ha
qu BRz phl Me, jeuj Me, jqjc Bm hscl ja eal j qhl mi fcnl b hpSe e cm fhfLel ch aMeC Bcu Ll kaz Bjcl ciN k, Bjcl jl Sglcl LlZC Bjl hel nLl qCz
Hlfl Bj 6 cgl 2u J 4b cgl EM Ll cMC k, d cnlr J hcnL ea Lcl qa bLh Hhw Lcu
plLll lS BculJ Le CMaul bLh ez ceuu H Sau Le ll Aa eCz HV Ll qm fLe
LegXlne flZa qhz ceul Le gXlm l Hje chm euz
cnlr hiN Lcl qa hm EM LlJ 6ew cgu fh-fLe plLlL fbL pehqe NWel rja cJul
ch Ll quRz 6 cg hnoZ Ll Bj fjZ Llmj k, H LjpQ fh-fLeL hR Lll EnC lQe Ll
quRz CEeue LEpmLJ CEeuel LSl Se Ll hphl rja cJu quRz Le Lh J pja L pcpcl
bL Ab pwNq Ll aqhm NWe Ll Rs Qma fl? AbQ 6 cgu Lcu plLlL HVL rja bLJ ha Ll
quRz fcnl cJu Qycu Lcu plLlL Qma qhz
phno Bj hmmj, ilal ja hl fahn l OlJ Ahu fLe bL fbL qJu kc Bjcl Se
LmZLl qh hm je Lle aqm 6 cg pjbe Llez
hn LuV Sm nqlC Bj Sepil fl H Sau pdhWL LlR HJhw Bjl k LE Me Lla HNu Bpeez

42

Lcu eahcl pgl

1968 pm fXHj-Hl Lcu Qulje eJuhkc eplq Me Hhw hi cml fQj-fLe faedNZ c'hl
fh-fLe pgl LlRez al Sm nqlma Sepiu hh lMRez fh-fLel fXHj ealC Hph
Sepiu hn pwMu ha LlRez
Hph Sepiu LbJ BJuj mN J acl 6 cgl hl Le Lb hm quez pLm hC lnpel hl J
NZa fr hh lMRez BCuh MeL VNV LlC phC Lb hmRez
AbQ faV SepiuC BJuj ppl qjm LlRz H gpV QlC acl Iaq z lSeaL juce al HLC
cMm Ll lMa Quz Bj mr LlR k, fLe BJuj mNl pifa eJuhkc eplq Mel faC acl Qlj
hoz acl Le Lcu ea eCz nM jShl BJuj mNl fQj-fLe Le Nf eCz nM jSh fcnL
BJuj mNl ea j z ae eJuhkc bL fbL qu eMm fLe iL cm NWe Ll fuSeC je Lleez
al lSeaL Q Lhm fcn iLz
Sepiu NmkN Lll Se kl Q LlR acl jLhm Lll Se fXHj-Hl fr bL Sjua Cpmjl
LjclLC fde ijL fme Lla quRz Aee nlL cml Sm fku Senl hn Aih Rmz 8 cg f
BJuj mNl Ah Sm fku phQu LlZ je quRz acl Lcu ealJ Smu Apqua hd LlRez
NV fLe BCuh-hld Bcme Slclz Caxfh LMe HLC pju HLC Cpa fh J fQj-fLe
lSeaL Bcme Hje Slcl quez BCuhl rja cMml fl fQj HC fbj NZaL Bcme ce hydmz
apMc OoZl fauuC H Bcmel pQe quz
1967 pml eil SmgLl Bm i fLe ffmp fV (fff) ej cm NWe Ll juce amfs p
Llez pejl Aieacl ja eVLu ia ha Ll ae Sefu qa mNmez BCuh Mel qa Ns eal
hq ijLu AhaZ qJuu lSeaL QjL p qJuJ ihLz i Le cL cu EMkN h Rme ez
p fcnl mlLel Sjcl aeu iL BCuh Me hma Nm lSfb bL am He lSjLV flu cmez i
Bfe kNa hm BCuh Mel HaV hna
ASe Lla prj qe k, HLcL cn ae BCuh Mel Leiene
jpmj mNl pVl Selm qu cm au fde Lal jkc fme, AflcL fllj qph SapwOpq
NV hn flQa qhl pkN mi Llez i Ehl jdl AdLl Rme Hhw Aameu lN Rmez CwlS, Ec J
p iou BLoZu h Rme Sepiu ae naclL eQu aml kN Rmez
1968 pml Ahl HLV pje OVeL Lc Ll hlV R-Bcme l quz ffmp fVl Qulje i
Rcl ql qph AhaZ qe z OVeV qm, pj fcnl mLVm hcn bL fQlLa jml hMa h LMa
hlV hSlz lJumf NXe LmSl 70 Se R pMe bL jm Le glhl pju Ljp Lafr pjcu jm
hSu Llz Rl Hl fahc fa hri fcne Llz fmnl ma Bhcm qjc ej HL R eqa qkz
phC mLVm bL hcn jm Le Bez Rcl Le jm Le hSu Ll qm? Hl fahc Llu Rcl m
Lla qh Le ? H OVeVL fahc pl fQj-fLe NZBcmel pQe quz je qu pe BCuh hld hr
SeNZl jd H OVeV hlc RVu cmz
ia H pkN flflC LS mNmez Ahplf Hul jnm BSNl MeJ lSeaL cm NWe Ll juce
AhaZ qmez al cml ej lMe SVp fV YL qCLVl phL fde hQlfa puc jqhh jlnc fhfLe H cml ea qez

43

fh- fLe Qlj lSeaL hri

1954 pml ehQe jpmj mN EvMa qu khl fl fLel i Lyf EWz k jpmj mNl eaa fLel
Sj Hl H lLj flZal gm jpmj Sauahc Qae chm
qu fsz Cpmjl ej Luj qJu fLel
npLcl Cpmjl hnpOaLal gm al SeNZl B qlu jpmj Sauahdl mme e Llu hPm Saual
Qae SN EWz
hno Ll hwm ioL lio Lll chL cje Lll Se jpmj mN plLl m Qmu Rcl qa Lll
fauu jpmj mN hwm io J hwml cnje qph NZ qu kuz
H flhn jJme ipe J nM jShl eaa BJuj jpmj mN, jpmj Saua flN Ll hPm Saua
NqZ Llu lSeaL juce jpmj Qae BlJ chm qu fsz
io nqccl plZ fa hRl 21n ghul pLm m, LmS J hnhcmu Aa BhNl pb lio Bcmel
Caqp QQ quz H l eae fSjl je-jNS hPm Saual Qae BlJ SNa quz
fLel Lcu plLl 9 hRl fk cnl npea lQeu prj e qJuu ihLihC qanl p quz 1956 pm
lQa npea hwmL Aeaj lio qph La chl gm fh-fLel lSeaL flhn Ea quz I
npea Aeku 1959 pml ghula fLel Lcu J fcnL BCeil ehQe qh hm p qJuu
lSeaL jqm gl Bpz

BCuh Mel cn hRll lnpel fau

fh- fLel lSea pQae jqm BCuh Mel pjlL npe J hX pVjl hl k fau p qu a
BCuhl hl ejlf QSnQl Sj cu x
1z SeNZl far iV ehah faedcl lQa npeaL ham OoZ Ll Qlj hnpOaLa LlRez
2z cn lrl cua Ahqm Ll cn npel rja cMm Ll SeNZl pb jlaL falZ LlRez
3z pjlL npe Sl Ll 1959 pm ehQe qa e cu NZa qal pb pb SeNZL acl ehQa plLl
Luj Ll bL ha LlRez
4z pjlL npe Qm Ll SeNZl ehQa aMeLl BCe floc pcpcl AdLl qlZ LlRez
5z lSeaL eahcL AXep hm ehQel AkN OoZ Ll lnpeL eQa LlRez
6z k SeNZl iV fLe Luj qm acl iVdLl qlZ Ll abLba hpL Xjp Qm Ll SeNZL
qu faf LlRe HhP NZaL qa Lll Afld LlRez
7z hX jlclL Ahd Efu fihea Ll Hhw hi lLj bl heju acl iV Mlc Ll SeNZl CRl
hl Shlc Ll fpXV ehQa qez AbQ hX jll gaj SqL iV chl nfb Ll SeNZl
RV fuRez
8z 1962 pm fh-fLe bL ehQa 40 Se NZfloc pcp fh-fLel A ek 7 cg cha Ih qu
kMe Qf fuN Llme aMe jal Vf gm phdhcclL eu plLl NWe Ll fh- fLel hl
frfaa LlRez
9z 1966 pml ghula mql nM jShl Ooa 6 cg hfLih plLl pjbL fLu fQl Lll fl fhfLe Hl fr Seja pl Q Llu nM jSh J BJuj mNl no eacl he hQl Sm BVL Qlj
lSeaL Apaal flQu cuRz nM jShl Sefua h fa bLz SeNZl jd H dlZ hjm qa
bL k, fh-fLel SeNZl bC 6 cg quRz

44

10z H flaa BNlam osk jjmu nM jShL fde Bpj Ll SeNZL hr Ll qmz Ha SeNZl
jd H dlZC Sj k, fh-fLel SeNZl AdLl Bcul pwNj Lll Afld nM jShL lcq
qph co ph Ll gyp ca Quz

BNlam osk jjm

1968 pml 6 Seul plLl fpeV See qu k, YL ilau XfV qCLjnel kNpSn lhld
osk m bLl Afld 18 Se pjlL J hpjlL hL Nl Ll quRz m. Ljl juj qpe, VuX
jShl lqje, gCV pSV jgSq, gCV pSV jqjc gSmm qL, pSV Slm qL, jSl njpm Bmj fkM
LjLa HhP hi jel pjlL Ahplf h luRez pHpfl c'Se Agpll ejJ aa luRz Bqjc gkml
lqje J lm Lp z 18 Seul (1968) plLl fpeV OoZ Ll qu k, H jjml fde Bpj qph nM
jShL Nl Ll quRz ae 1966 pml 8j bLC YL Lcu LlNl he hQl BVL Rmez aL pMe
bL YL LVejV ela Ll quz
fXHj Agp BmL Qulje HXiLV Bhcp pmj Mel pb I ceC H Mhl pfL Bjl BmQe quz
Bjl c'Se Aa EN fLn Llz Bjcl dlZ qm k, H jjmV kc pa qu bL ah oskLlcl Bcma
hQl qm SeNZl pjbe fJu kaz L nM jShL H jjmu fde Bpj Llu SeNZ HVL lSeaL osk
hmC pcq Llhz jjm QmLm pr-fjZ nM jSh Ssa hm fjZa qm aL Nl Ll pjQe qaz L
jjm l qhl BNC aL fde Bpj OoZ Ll plLll jlaL lSeaL im quRz SeNZl pje pjbeJ
H jjmu Bn Ll ku ez
lSeaL jqm hfL Sh Rsu fsm k, BCuh Me nM jShL H jjmu fbjC Ssa Lla Qeez L
Niel jeuM Me eL nM jShL H pkN Maj Ll En Qf cu BCuh MeL lS Llez H Sh LaVL
pa a Sel Efu eCz L LnmNa cL cu H p Qlj hLjlC flQu hqe Llz
fh- fLeL hR Lll En BNlamu L Hje osk fLe ph p hou Bjcl Le dlZ eCz ah
Hje LR OV bLh, ka lcqal jjm Qmz plLl H hou eQa e qm pfjLV J qCLVl fde
hQlfa HjH lqje, fh-fL qCLVl hQlfa jShl lqje J hQlfa jLpjm qLj H Bcmal hQlL
ek qez VejV HmLuC H hno Bcma hQlLk l quz
H jjmu nM jShl fr Bcma ELml cua fme Lle HXiLV Bhcp pmj Me, ke BmL fXHj
Quljez ae pfL nM jShl jj Rmez lQlhld Bcme H jjmV eae j kN Llz HLC pb
fh J fQj-fLe NZaL Bcme NZhql cL Ha bLz
99.

1968 pm fXHjfQj--fLe pgl

fXHj-Hl EcN Bjl fQj
fXHj-Hl Lcu Qulje eJuhkc eplq Me fh-fLe c'hl pgl Ll AeL Sm nql Sepi LlRez
fQj-fLel Bl Le Lcu ea HMe pgl Ll fuSe je Lleez
L fXHji cmml Lcu eacl fQj-fLe HL pb pgl Ll Sll hm p qkz 5 cml Lcu
eacl jd eJuhkc, Qdl jqjc Bm J cmae Hhw ju agum jqjc HLpb 4V fcnL lSdepq
hn LuV hiNu J Sm nql Sepi LlRez HeXHg-Hl ea Seh elm Bje hdLSea LlZ pgl ka
fleez

45

H pgl fh- fLel 5 cmu eacl jd ekj Cpmj fVl jmi glc Bqjc (H ejC ae flQa
Rme)z J Sjual fr bL Bj I pgl Rmjz fQj-fLel E 4 Se hs eal pb ae pqlJ hn
pju HLpb Ve J psL fb pgl, HL pb MJu J bLl pkN quz hL ae cml Le fh-fLe ea H
pgl keez
H pgl hnm Sepipjq jmi glc Bqjc J BjL hal Se hn pju hl Ll qaz EcaC ha ca
qaz glc pqh Mh lpu lpu lnpel hl hh lMae J naclL jau lMa flaez BCuh Me
J i pfL haL Hje ph Lb hmae k SeNZ Mh jS Ll eaz fmjV ae CwlSa Hhw Sepiu
Eca QjvLl ha Llaez ayL hs hN hm phC Ll Llaz
Bjl hau BCuh Mel hpL XjpLC pjmQel fde hou qph fn Llajz lhel R qph
flr ehQe J far ehQel fr fde k k cMe qu, pVC BCuh Me Ahme Llez aa hm qu k,
SeNZ nra e qJu fk aclL plpl iVdLl fuN Lla cJu EQa euz Anra SeNZ pWL p
ehl kN qa fl ez BCuh Mel eLV H kV Aa NqZkN hhQa quz AbQ Anra jpmj SeNZ 1946
pm fLel fr iV ca im Llez AeL nra mLJ fLel hl LwNpl fr iV cuRz
lhel haL kl far ehQel fr, al je Lle k, SeNZL lSeaL cL cu Ns amhl EnC
far ehQe fuSez SeNZ plpl Sau ehQe AwnNqZl pkN fm pLm cml fblC acl hh eu
iVlcl eLV qSl qa hd qhz cnl pjp J Hl pjde pfL cmu jegV Aeku iVlclL hTa
Q Llhz acl pjbe qpm Lll Se Anra SeNZl EfkN eu iou hh lMhz cnl lSeaL
flaL cml jaja Cac pfL phpdlZl fuSeu e, dlZ J Aia ASel Se far ehQel Le
hLf eCz SeNZl faed qph kl ehQa qh aclL SeNZl eLV plpl qSl qJul HVC HLj
Efuz nrfael jdj H ph e ce Ll LRaC ph euz

Sepiu Bjl k
Bj HLV pdlZ EcqlZ cu lpu lpu H hou BmQe Llajz nl kMe qyV nM aMe hl hl BRs fsz
fum cysa nMz Hlfl Le LR dhxl HL-c'f Ll qyVz Hl fl Le Ahme Rs cysu kMe f hsu aMeC
fs kuz Bhl EW cysuz c'HL f HaC Bhl BRs Muz Le Le pju fs Nu Lyc EWz
nl qyVl H fQ BfeSel hn EfiN Llz al HLV cl bL qa hsu aL qyVa Evpq cuz hl hl
fs ka cMJ LE Lm eu qyVl fQ bju cu ez fs Nu L fh Bn LlJ nL qyVa hlZ Ll
ez
kc Le faja Bcll Bank nL Hih L Ll qyVa e cu ph pju Lm eu lM HhP imih
qyVl kN qJul Afr Ll aqm H n qyV nMaC flh ez LuL jp Ahlj Lm lM kMeC aL qyVa
Rs ch aMeC Bhl BRs Mhz Le faja Hje BQlZ Llm a pqNl ej cnjeC Ll qhz
BCuh Me SeNZl iVdLl Ls eu Qlj cnje LlRez SeNZ Anra J pWLih iVdLl fuN Lla
Arj hm ae dlZ Llez aC acl ju-jqa flne qu ae SeNZL ehQe Tjm bL El LlRez
ayl heuc NZa pfL jh Lla Nu hmaj k, Lml nL c'qa dl Tmu lM f cV ne qyVl ja
esQs Lla cme, Hih qyV nMl fl aclL farih iV chl pkN cJu qhz al CEeue fku
iV ca ca kN qhl fl plpl Sau ehQe acl iV chl hh Lla qhz nacl H EcqlZVl lp
MhC EfiN Lla cMRz

46

1968 pml Bcme

1968 pm fLel lSeaL Caqp Aa lafZz BCuh Mel lnpe bL jl En I hRlC fh J
fQj-fLe kNfv hfL Bcme Ns EWz ph hri-jRm SeNZ hfmih ps cuz hri cje Lll
Se h SuNu fmnl ma eqa qhl Mhl SeNZL BlJ ESa Ll amz fh-fLe eqa qhl fahc
fQj-fLe Hhw fQj eqa qhl fahc fh fQ hri Qma bLz
fh- fLe 6 cg J 11 cgl Bcme juce phQu hn pu ijL fme Llz BNlam jjm H Bcme
hm j kN Llz
fXHj fu c'hRl BCuh-hld Bcme Ll juce kVL Ef p LlRm, aJ 11 cgl Bcmel MaC
Sj qu kuz fXHj juce pu bLmJ R-njLcl EN Bcmel ameu a eNZC hm ku z fXHj fVe
juce hnm HL Sepil BuSe Ll Qma NZBcme pqkN ijL fmel Q Ll z Seh elm Bjel
pifaa fVe juce Sepi kbpjuC l Llz Seh elm Bjel pifaa fVe juce Sepi kbpjuC
l quz hLm 4Vu BJuj mN ea aSe J Aee LuLSel eaa R J njLpq HL hlV hqe fRe cL
bL Hp fXHj-Hl j cMm Ll euz al hnm Leip nM jShl gV jl pje am dlz pifa Seh
elm Bje Apqul ja Bpe hp lCmez Hcl pb pwOo Ll ph eu hm fXHj eahc H gpV (pp)
BQlZ hd qu pq Llez Bjl pb Oea bL pJ aSe J puc eSlm Cpmj Bjl cL (qua
Qrmu) aLmeJ ez acl H BQlZ Bf Llm k al l ja qwp BQlZ Llhe aa Le pcq Rm
ez
lSeaL juce Bl Le nl Aa hlcna e Lll Iaq BJuj mNl jNaz al HLmC juce cMm
lM fuSe je Llz acl BQlZ LMeC NZaL jSSl flQu fJu ku e 1975 pm nM jShl hLnm
Luj Ll Hhw 1996 bL 2001 pml nM qpel npeLm I gpV IaqlC Qs lfz
jJme ipe 11 cgl pjbL qmJ ae BJuj mN bL iih SmJ-fsJ Bcme l Llmez
fQj-fLe fXHj juce hn pu bLmJ j. i phn eu juce cMm avfl qmez jJme ipel
ja aeJ SmJ-fsJ Bcmel jdj Ha mNmez
H flaa fXHj-Hl Ai 5V cml hCll BlJ aeV cm 5 cml pb jm hql NZaL Bcmel Se
HL j pjha qJu AahnL je Llmez I aeV cm qm 6 cgf BJuj mN, pjl fWe eaL Jum
Mel ef J jJme jga jqccl Sjua Jmju Cpmjz

YLu DAC NWe

Sjua Hmju Cpmjl pifa jga jqcjc J efl pVl Selm HXiLV jqjc Bm Lpl YLu
Hmez HLC pju fLe ekj Cpmj fVl pifa Qdl jqjc Bm, Sjua Cpmj fLel pVl
Selm ju agum jqjc, LEpm jpmj mNl pifa ju jjak jqjc Me cmae, fLe BJuj
mNl pifa ju jjau jqjc Me cmae, fLe BJuj mNl pifa eJuhkc eplq Me YLu
fyRmez
1969 pml 7 J 8 Seul Seh elm Bjel hsa 8 cmu eah cl hWL Democratic Action
Committee (DAC) (NZaL pwNj LjV ej ILj NWa quz Ha kl rl Lle, al qme x

47

1z
2z
3z
4z
5z
6z
7z
8z

Sjua Cpmj fLe-Hl ju agum jqjc,

fLe Sjua Jmju Hpmj-Hl jJme jga jqjc,
enem XjVL V-Hl Seh elm Bje,
fLe ekj Cpmj fVl Qdl jqjc Bm,
fLe BJuj mN-Hl eJuhkc eplq Me,
fLe jpmj mN-Hl ju jjak jqjc Me cmae,
fh-fLe BJuj mN (6 cg)-Hl puc eSlm Cpmj,
fLe enem BJuj fV (ef)-Hl Bjl qpe nqz

DAC--Hl 8 cg
BV cmu SV NZa hqml Bcme l Lll En I hWLC ejlf 8 cg cha phC Ija foZ Lle x
1z Lc gXlm fmjVl plLlz
2z fhucl iVcMll ia far ehQez
3z Ahm Sll Ah faqlz
4z eNlL AdLl fehqm J pLm LmLee hamz hnoa hehQl BVL lMl BCe J hnhcmu AXep
hamz
5z nM jShl lqje, Me Bhcm Jum Me J SmgLl Bm hBpq pLm lSeaL hcl j Hhw LV J
VChem pjf culLa lSeaL jjm faqlz
6z 144 dll BJau cJu phfLl Bcn faqlz
7z njLcl OjOV Lll AdLl hqmz
8z pwhcfl Efl Blfa khau hd-eod faql Hhw hSuLa pLm fp J fL fehqmz
Hih fXHj-i 5 cm J Hl hCll 3 cm jm DAC ej ILj Ns EWmz Aaxfl H ejC Bcme
flQme Ll qmz DAC-Hl Lcu BquL eJuhkc eplq MeLC Ll qmz fh-fLel BmL BquL
L qh, p hou BmQeu cM Nm k, 6 cgf BJuj mN Rs hL 7V cml fr bL ch Seu fc
fJul ja em ijL LE fme Llez H fcV BJuj mNL e cm fh- fLe BJuj mN DAC-Hl
bLa lS qh Le pcq cM cmz aC Bcmel b acl ch phC je em z nM jSh Sm bLu
peul qph McLl jnaL BqjcL BquL Ll qmz

Bcme
B
cme a EWm
H hql IL pl pb pb NV fLe Bcme Hje Slcl qm k, pehqe hhql LlJ cje Ll Aph
qu fsm z Bcme cje Lla Nu ma LbJ mL eqa qm Hl fauu pl fLe hri BlJ hs
Qmz
20 Seul (1969) YL hnhcmu fZ Bqa R pjhn hi R fae bL qSl qSl R kkNce
Llz fmn J CfBl hqel mWQS J Vul Np Efr Ll Rcl hri jRm Ha bLz hl hl Ri
quJ Bhl jRm Ahqa lMa Nu jXLm LmSl pje pn BCe-nMm hqe R-Seal CE-fVLml
BjZ ESa qu m Rysz pVm m LmSl R Bpcje eqa qkz pl nql ESe Rsu fsz Bpcl
jacq Reu ea hb qu R-Sea nLpi Ll Hhw flce 21 Seul pLm-p qlam OoZ Ll quz qlam
QmLm LuL SuNu m Qmz cf l fVe juce hlV Nuhe Sek Aea quz Sek no R-Sea 144
dl Efr Ll hnm nL jRm Ll lSfb cMm Ll lMz

48

22 Seul fLe pLm hs hs nql Bpcl Nuhe Sek Aea quz DAC eahcl hWL 12 ghul
pl fLe qlam fmel p OoZ Ll quz HLC ce pl fLe HLC Cpa Bl Le pju qlam Ll
quez XL NWe Lll fl Bcme a eMm fLe lf flNq Llz
Niel jeuj Me jqjcfl HmLl fhnfb HL hlV gyL NCV al Ll hs hs qlg BCuh NV mM al
fu eal Sefua fjZl Q Llez Bpc qal fl I NVLC Bpc NV qph OoZ Ll qu, k u qu
BRz
JcL Bcma BNlam osk jjml ee fLu fLna qhl fauu BcmeLl R-Seal hri h
fa bLz no jShL fde Bpj Llu ayl SefuaJ hs Qmz
ph hr Sea 144 i Ll jRm Llu hpjlL BCe-nMm lrLl hqe SeNZL euZ Lla hb qu HhP
fQj-fLe LlQ, quclhc J mql pehqe amh Lla quz YLu 15 ghul BNlam jjml Aeaj
Bpj pSV Slm qL fqlla peLl ma eqa qJuu YL nql ke Be mN kuz Rl hnhcmul
Sq qml ej pSV Slm qL qm lM Hl fand euz Hhl 21 ghul io nqc chp fhl ameu AeL
hn Efel pb fme Ll quz

BCu
BCuh Mel BapjfZ
NV fLe BCuhl lnpe-hld Bcme a euZl hCl Qm ka cM BCuh Me 5 ghul DACHl Lcu BquL eJuhkc eplq MeL HL QWa fh ce k, "XL'-Hl faedcl pb 17 ghul
lJumfa BmQe Lla Qez "XL'-Hl BquL hWL nlL qhl pja Seu alM flhael fh cez
Cajd fla HaV jlaL BLl dlZ Ll k, 144 dl LbJ LkLl Ll ph Rm ez HjeL pehqe
euN LlJ BC-nMml aje Le Ea Ll kRm ez cn Le plLl BR hm je qRm ez HcL
jJmAe ipe J JcL j. i SmJ-fsJ Bcme Ll ERMm SeaL hql cL HNu cmez
BCuh Me Efm Llme k, ae rja aN Lll OoZ e cm hql H Bel mmqe nM cn Qlj
AlSL Ahl p Llhz ae 21 ghul (1969) SaL Seu cme k, BNj ehQe ae fpXV fcfb
qhe ez lnpL HihC Bcmel eLV BapjfZ Ll Be fe Ym cmez
fh- fLel Se HVL OoZ kb hhQa qh e hmC 22 ghul BNlam osk jjm faql Ll qu Hhw
nM jShL j cJu quz fll ce 23 ghul lpLp juce nM jShl lqjeL hnm NZpdp cJu quz
pMeC Lcu R pwNj flocl fr bL nM jShL 'hh' Efda ioa Ll qkz
lE Vhm Leglpl f h Aeku 19 ghul fbj hWL qhl Lb Rmz BJuj mN ch Llm k, hWL nM
jShL nlL Lla qhz BCuh Me flml (pjuL j) pkN ca lS qmez L R-pwNj floc BNlam
jjm fql Ll nM jShL j chl cha ah BjZaL Bcme Qmuz k Bcma jjm Qm pMeJ
BjZ Ll quz
H flaaC BCuh Me 21 ghula I OoZ cez nM jShl jl fl fla LRV n quz fQj-fLe
BlJ LR BNC iL j cJu qkz
NmVhm hWLl Se flhn AeLm quz BCuh Me I hWLl jdj pjeSeLih rja bL pl khl hh
Llmez DAC Hhw BCuh Mel jd BmQel jdj XLl 8 cg ae je eu cnL ehQejM Lla
QuRmez NmVhm hWL pgm qm NZaL Bcme "69 pmC hSu qu kaz L a quez
49

100.

lEVhm
lEVhm Leglp
lEVhm Leglp-Hl alM c'cg flhae qu no fk 26 ghul Qs alM qph ph qu z 21 ghul
BCuh Mel rja aNl OoZ, BNlam osk jjm faql J nM jShl j NmVhm hWLl Se Aa
AeLm flhn p Llz
DAC-Hl Ai 8 cml eahc "62 bL "69 pm fk cO NZaL Bcmel eQa pgml Bec Emaz
"XL'-Hl Ooa 8 cg ch NmVhm hWL plLlih fpXV BCuh Me je ehl OoZ cJul gljmV
d hL luRz nfZ flhn lnpe bL NZaL npe hhu ElZl SeC H hh "g jnm' BCuh
Me cn hRl cfVl pb lnpe Qmu NZBcmel jM rja aNl pju phej pjeVL eu hcu qhl
fa qphC NmVhm hWLl BuSe Llez DAC-H eahc HVL pje fcne Lla dhd Lleez

NmVhm hWL Bjacl amL

DAC-Hl Ai 8V cml pjma pwNjl gmC lnpL BCuh MeL hcu ea quz aC ae DAC-Hl
Lcu BquL eJuhkc eplq MeL NmVhm hWL kNce Lll Se gljm (BeeL) QW cez p QWa
ae "XL'-Hl BquLL hWL Bjacl amL fWa Aeld Llme Hhw XL-Hl Ai eu Hje Le hl
ejJ amLu chl CMaul cmez kqa XLl pbC hWL qh, pqa XLl hCll Le hL XLl pja
haa cJua cJu pjQe NmVhm hWL kNceLlcl amL fa Lll Se XLl hWL hpz 8 cml
faL cm bL fh- fLel HLSe Hhw fQj-fLel HLSe Ll BV cm bL jV 16 Sel ejlf amL
fa Ll qm x
1z
2z
3z
4z
5z
6z
7z
8z

Sjua Cpmj fLe-jJmAe pCuc Bhm Bm jJcc J AdfL Nmj Bkjz

fLe ekj Cpmj fV- Qdl jqjc Bm J jmi glc Bqjcz
fLe jpmj mN-jjak jqjc Me cmae J pCuc MS Mulez
fLe BJuj mN- eJuhkc eplq Me J Bhcp pmj Me HXiLVz
fLe enen XjfL V- Seh elm Bje J qjcm qL Qdl HXiLVz
BJuj mN- nM jShl lqje J puc eSlm Cpmjz
fLe Sjua Jmju Cpmj- jJme jga jqjc J fl jqpee Bqjc (cc ju)z
fLe enem BJuj fV- Me Bhcm Jum Me J AdfL jkggl Bqjcz

XL-Hl hWL BlJ p qu k, XL-Hl hCl kl NZaL Bcme pu ijL fme LlRe aclLJ
NmVhm hWL cJua chl Se XLl fr bL pfln Ll fuSez H fku ejmMa hclL amLu
Ai Ll qu x
1z
2z
3z
4z
5z

jJme Bhcm qjc Me ipe (ef)z

SmgLl Bm i (ffmp fV)z
Hul jnm BpNl Mez
m. Selm jqjc Bkj Mez
puc jqhh jlnc (phL fde hQlfa)z

50

NmVhm hWL l
lJumfa Aha fpXV NVqES 1969 pml 26 ghul NmVhm hWL hpz hWL XL-Hl 16 Se,
BCuh Mel plLl jpmj mNl BCuh Me haa 15 Se, ecmu Hul jnm BpNl Me J hQlfa pCuc
jqhh jlnc hWL kNce Llez jJme ipe, j. i J Bkj Me BjZ fJu pJ hWL kNce Lleez
H hWL pLm 10-30 jeV l qu j 40 jeV fl Dcm Bkq Efmr 10 jQ pLm 10V fk jmah quz hWL
DAC-Hl fr bM BquL BeeLih fpXVl eLV 8 cg ch pwhma fh hhQel Se mMa BLl
ql Llez fpXV BCuh Me chm
L phCL ayl cJua ps cu hWL qSl qJul Se BlL Llu
Seez hWLl H fbj ce BeeL Bl Le BmQe quez ah hWL l qhl BN Hhw hWL jmah qhl fl
phC flfl flQa qhl En qa jme J AeL LmLm Llez

HLpb YL fahae
fh-fLe bL BNa eahcL YL gl khl phhl En fBCH-Hl HL hno hjeL lJumf bL
plpl YL fyRl ecn cJu quz NmVhm hWL Efmr 8 cml AeL ea lJumf HpRmez hWL
Bjacl LuLZ hn pwMu eahc Efa qe, ka Le hou cmu p NqZl fuSe qm ala hh
Ll kuz
hje BlqZ Ll Bjl Bpe amn LlRz Hje pju nM jSe ""HC Bkj pqh HcL Bpe'' hm BJuS
cmez LR Nu mr Llmj k, Bn fn LuL cml eal hp BRez nM jSh qp jM Lb hma Ai Hhw
qmL lpLa Lla fRc Llaez nM jSh qa hsu BjL HL Bpe hpu cu lpLa Ll AeclL eu
hmme, ""Bkj pqhl ja im jeo Sjua Cpmja Nmez'' Bj SJuh qp hmmj, ""nM pqh WLC
hmRez ph im mLm BJuj mNl ja HLV Mlf cm kNce LlR Hhw jc mLmA BJuj mNl
ja HLV im cm njm quRz'' Bn fn phC qpmez nM pqh hmme, ""cMe cM BjL Lje jlV
cmz'' Bj flhn qmL Lll Se hmmj, ""Bjl HMe phC OZaL Bcmel pqk, Bl Bfe pefa
z'' e Bjl pb jkha Bme Llmez Bjl Bpe HLV cl Rmz eLVha phl pb qa jmu Bjl Bpe
Nu hpmjz

8 jQ mql XLl hWL

1969 pml 10 jQ lJumfa jmah NmVhm hWL l qhl Lb 8 jQ pLm 10Vl fh- p Aeku
mql Qdl jqjc Bml hsa DAC-Hl eahcl hWL hpz phC eQa k, NmVhm hWL BCuh Me
XL-Hl 8 cg ch je ehez
Hl fll LlZu pfL NmVhm hWLC p qa qhz 8 cgl ia kbph nNNl ehQe qa qhz ehQe
flQmel pju Lc J fcn plLl rja kcl qa bLh, LMe ehQe qh, Lcu J fcnL ehQe Ljne
NWel ea L qh Cac hou fpXV plLll fr bL eQuC fh fn Llhez aC Hph lafZ hou Nm
Vhm hWL hpl fhC DAC L ILja fyR fuSez pMe hi cml fr bL i i ja fn Lll pkN
cJu ph euz hWLl HLfr BCuh plLl Bl Aflfr DAC. aC DAC-Hl Ai 8 cmL EflE hou
pfZ HLja qJu AahnLz
DAC-Hl Lcu BquL eJuhkc eplq Me pifa qph hWLl la LR hmhl BNC nM jShl fr
bL puc eSlm Cpmj cysu hmme, ""XL-Hl eahcl eLV BJuj mNl fr bL Bhce See kR k,

51

NmVhm hWL DAC-Hl fr bL BJuj mNl 6 cg ch fn Ll qLz H Lb hml pb pb Efa phC

qain qu HL Afll cL aLRez pMe Qlj ea hlS LlRz phC pifal cL aLu lCmez
pifa qa jb WLu eQl cL Qu lCmez hi cml no eal HL hp BRez LE LR hmRe e z ke
hWLMeu hSfa quRz DAC-Hl 8V cml ILh p Aeku 8 cg lQa quRz H 8 cg chl iaC
Bcme quRz H ch je ea lS quC fpXV BCuh NmVhm hWLl BuSe LlRez H 8 cg fZue
nM jShl cmJ nlL Rm z HLce flC NmVhm hWL hpl Lb z 8 cg ch je ehl fl kph Cp
BmQe qa fl p pfL DAC-Hl jaja Qs Lll Se 8 cml eahc HMe pjha quRez
H flaa fh-fLe BJuj mN (fQj fLe kl Le faed eC) -Hl cmu 6 cg ch NmVhm
hWL fn Lll ch See hSfal QuJ hn jlaLz kb Bcme nlL Le cm Hje Aa BQlZ Lje
Ll Lla flm HVC phCL qahL LlRz NmVhm hWLL hb Lll osk Rs Hl jd Bl Le pv En
amn Ll fJu ph euz 8 hRlhf NZaL Bcme pgml lf Hp hb Lll osk Rs Hl jd Bl
Le pv En amn Ll fJu ph euz 8 hRlhf NZaL Bcme pgml LwLahhjt qu e Ahu
fs lCmez
LRrZ fl pifa Nl L OoZ Llme k, p fk hWL jmah Ll qmz Qlj qan eu phC dl dl
EW hl qu Nmez

jJme jJccl pb nM jShl prv

Qdl jqjc Bm pqhl XCwlj bL hl qu Ns LR Bpl Afru cysu BRz cMmj, nM jSh J Seh
aSe HLpb BpRez qWv Bj al cL HNu Nu qa jmu hmmj, ""Bfe L Lla QRe hTa flR ez
Qme e jJme jJccl pb hp Bmf Llz'' ae p p lS qu Nmez CV-fLe qES bL k plLl
Nsa HpRme p NsL Qm ka hmme z ae J aSe Bjl pb Sjual Nsa EWmez
HLV BNC jJme hWL bL hsa gl Nmez Bjcl Ns jJmel Qll pje bjm Bj nM jShL
fnl hWLMeu hpu jJmeL ial Mhl cmjz jJme pb pbC Qll clS Mm nM pqhL Aibe
Seu ial eu Nmez Mhl fu ju agum jqjcJ qSl qmez aSe nM pqhl fnC hpmez Bj
J ju pqh fnfn hpmjz BmQel pQel En Bj hmmj, ""jJme, Bfel pb kNkN e LlC Bj
nM pqhL eu Hmj z ae L Qe a ayl LR bL ehl EnC Bj eu HpRz HMe nM pqh hmez''
nM jSh Ec J CwlS Eio io jeu fu 10/12 jeV al hh lMmez ae hmme, ""jJme pqh, Bj 6
cgl Bcme l Lll flC BjL Nl Ll qkz Bj Sm bL AhuC Bjl 6 cgl pb BlJ 5 cg kN
Ll Rl 11 cgl Bcme plcn Rsu cuz Bkj pqh 6 cg pfL l bL H fk HLC ijL fme
LlRez L jJme ipe BSh QSz ae fbj 6 cg Xpjp hm OoZ Llmez AbQ Bjl Aefaa 11
cg eu jaja LlRez R J njL jqm 11 cgl hfL pjbe luRz jJme ipe NmVhm hWLJ kNce
Llme ez ayl En jVC im euz ae SmJ-fsJ Bcme QmRez Bj kc 6 cgl hcm DAC-Hl 8
cg je eC, aqm Bjl hl jJme R J njLclL rfu amhez SeNZl jd 6 cgpq 11 cg k
Sefua ASe LlR Hl gm Bj hlV pjpu fsRz jJme ipe hlV HL gaez ayL euZ Ll Aa
LWez
HLVe H Lbm hml fl HLV bL BhNju L hmme, ""jJme pqh, jqlhe Ll 6 cgL pjbe Ll
BjL pqk Llez cMhe, Bj jJme ipeL cn bL ashz''

52

HLVe H Lbm hml fl HLV bj BhNju L hmme, ""jJme pqh, jqlhe Ll 6 cgL pjbe Ll
BjL pqk Llez cMhe, Bj jJme ipeL cn bL ashz
jJme Aa f iou hmme, ""Bfe kc Bfel cmu cha Aes bLe aqm NmVhm hWL hb qh Hhw
jJme ipe BlJ jkhaih Luj qhz jJme Qe k, NmVhm hWL heQm qu kLz Bfel H fcrf
jJmel EnC flZ Llhz je lMhe, 7/8 hRll Bcmel gm NZa HMe Bjcl cul qSl z NmVhm
hWL hb qm Bhl pjlL npe Aehk qu fshz NmVhm hWLL pgm Lle Hhw NZa hqm qa cez BNj
ehQe Bn Ll Bfe im Llhez
1966 pml ghula apMc CpL i Ll pjmaih NZaL Bcme 6 cgl LlZC Bfel cm nlL
qa flez Hhl a Bfel cm DAC-H nlL qu 8 cg fZue HLja quRz Bfel cmu ch Afl 7 cmL
je ea hd Lla fle ez
fpXV BCuh 8 cg je ea pja quC NmVhm hWL XLRez Bfe Lje Ll Bn Lla fle k
DAC-Hl Aee cm Bfel ch je eh ? NmVhm hWLL pgm Ll NZaL HrZ hqm Lll pqpkN e
Llhe ez cn Ahm ehQe qa cez ehQe hSu qu cmu jeg Aeku cn flQme Llhez Bj
houV hnoih hhQe Lll Se fljn cRz''
Cajd Q-e Hmz nM pqh Bl LRC hmme ez HLV Q Mu hcu emez k Nsa Ll eu HpRmj, p
NsaC CV-fLe qES fyRhl Se pb Nmjz Nsa Bj jJmel LbmL plupm hhQe Lll
Se LuLhl aNc cmjz pl fb jT jT c'HL Lb BjC hmmj z al c'SeC Nl qu hp lCmez Le
LbC Bl hmme ez BjL al fr Leip Lll Q Llme e, jJmel k pfLJ Le jh hlme ez
C-fLe qES fyRm Ns bL ej Bjl pb qa jmu elh Qm Nmez jM Aa hjo ih mr Llmjz
al ihpmi pSe qpVLJ cM Nm ez

AeQa AhuC lJumf Nje

DAC-Hl k hWL 8 jQ p fk jmah OoZ Ll qu, p hWL Bl qa flez eJuhkc eplq Me HhP
BlJ LuLSe jm nM jShL hTa prj e qJuu DAC-Hl hWL Ll Le mi eC hm BjclL See
qmz
HMe fn cM cm k, H Ahu NmVhm hWL Nu Bl L mi qh? ah H AeQa AhuC flce 9 jQ phC
lJuhkcl phaL Ql Lb Semez nM jShl HLyujl LlZ cn Bhl HL pjlL nLel BnJ
fLn Llmez
Bj hmmj, jJme Bfe BlJ HLhl nM jShL hThl Q Llhe? aL Bhl Bfel L eu Bph?
jJme hmme, ""k h fVe juce jJme ipel jLl iu Sal iN pfL p eu, Hje Aclcnl
pb BmQe Abqez''
H AhuJ flce 10 jQ pLm 10Vu fpXVl NV qES Aeah NmVhm hWL qSl qJul p hqm
hCmz no fk L qa kR LE hma flR ez nM jShl qWLlal LlZ NZa Oll cul bL gl khl
Bnu phC flne hd Llmez 1962 pm bL lnpel hl Bcme pgm qJul no fku hb qhl
Efj qm hm phC naz
101.
53

lEVhm Llglpl hhlZ

1969 pml 26 ghul lJumfl fpXVp N qEp Llglpl fbj hWL hpz Dcm Bkql LlZ 10 jQ
fk hWL jmah quz I hWL DAC-Hl BquL eJuhkc eplq Me gljm 8 cmu SV-XL-Hl fr bL 8
cg ch fn Llez H hou flha hWL BmQe qhl Lbz HV phl LRC f Rm k, fpXV BCuh Me
DAC-Hl 8 cg je ehe Hhw Hl ia flha Ljf pfL Eiu frl jd BmQe jdj p NqZ Ll
qhz
L 10 jQ jmah hWL l qhl fh 8 jQ mql DAC-Hl hWL nM jSh ayl cmu 6 cg ch NmVhm
hWL fn Lll fh cu Qlj SVma p Ll cmez NmVhm hWL DAC-Hl 8 cg je ehl fl a
hhua Lll Ljf pfL DAC-Hl mql hWL Le BmQe Lll flhnC Ahn lCm ez H pJ Qlj
AeQual jdC 10 jQ fh p Aeku hWL hpm z kl kl ec Bpe phC hpmez L kbla hWLl
LjpQ l qm ez
BCuh Me Sea flme k, nM jShl 6 cg chl LlZ XLl jd hfku p quRz eulkcl pb BCuh
Mel Vmge pjp pjdel hfl BmQe quz L Le fbC hl Ll Nm ez H paJ hWL hpl p
hqm lCmz eJuhkc nM jShL pja Lla prj qhe hm pje Ca Rm hmC hWL hpmz
cM Nm k, XL-Hl 8 cmm faedNZ eS eS Bpe bL EW Vlml BnfnC flfl Lbha hmRez
BCuh Me ayl cml faedclL eu eScl Bpe hp BRez eJuhkc eplq Me jJme jJcc J
Qdl jqjc Bml jTl Bpe hp HLhl jJmel pb, Bl HLhl Qdl pqhl pb jT jT Lb hmRez
phC Qlj hhaLl Ahu fs NRe hm hT Nmz

pwhcLcl fu fsmj
Bjl qa HLSe HL VLl LNS cmez NV Sjual eu cuanm Bjl Afr LlRe hm Semjz Bj
hl qaC pwhcL hqe BjL Ol gmmez Bj NV Afrla hrl cqC cu Rs fmj hV, L NV bL
qm gl Bpl BNC Bhl pwhcLcl fu fsmjz hWL L qR Sel Se Laih k fnhZ erf Ll
qm, kl Le SJuh cJu LRaC ph Rm ez Bj ee Lb hm acl Ml bL hyQ Bpa QCmjz HLSe
Sp Llme, ""Na la pefde CuqCu Mel pb nM jShl k Nfe prv quR, p Lb L Bfe See?
Bj Aa fLn Llmjz
qm gl Bpa Bpa ihmj, H Sau Nfe hWL LMe Nfe bL ez H hWL kc paC qu bL aqm Hl
En L ? fh- fLe Lcu plLll fmpl gm eja ql qph nM jShl pb pefdel L
dlel pjTa qa fJl a ih fmj ez Bjl fh- Aia bL eQ qmj k, H Nfe hWLl Mhl jb
qJul Lb euz pwhcLl Mhl Se ku Hhw Le Le pju acl LEL SeuJ cJu qkz nM jShl ja hs
ea pefdel pb prv Ll bLm Eiu frC hn LuSel Se ihLz aC ka Nfe hWLC qL a jM
jM J Le Le pqSC Rsu kuz

qm gl Hmj
NmVhm hWLl fl qm gl Hp fhl hl AhC cMmjz plLl cuanm J fu ph hld cmu Syclm
eal HLj AQm Bhu fs lCme cM qan qmjz cnl ihov L qh iha flRmj e z NmVfhm hWL
jmah OoZ Ll qmz hld cml fr bL acl ch pfL phpja p Sem Bhl hWL hpa flz
Le pju ec e LlC hWL jmah qu Nm z hjo hce phC hcu qu Nmez
54

qm bL hl qaC pwhcLNZ hi ea bL hWLl gmgm Sea QCmez Aec pjul Se hWL jmah qu
Nm hm Rs Ll frC Bl LR hml Rm e z eJuhkc pwhcLcl bL Le lLj fmu ka prj
qmez
11 J 12 jQ lJumfa DAC-Hl eahc NmVhm hWzL pgm Lll Se nM jShL hThl phaL fQ
Qmez nM jShl HL Lb, ""6cg jmah Lll pdJ Bjl eCz 6 cg SeNZ NqZ Ll gmR z Bj SeNZl
pje Lgua cu Lma flh e z jJme ipe juce cMm Ll gmhz Bcmela R-njL Sea HLjM
qu NRz''

NmVhml no hWL
13 jQ no hWL kbeC l qmz phC hTa flme k, H hWLl gmgm neC qhz d pj OoZl
EnC hWL hpR z BCuh Me OoZ Llme, ""pLm lSeaL cm c'V hou hm fjZa quRz
1z fhucl plpl iV SeNZl pLm faed ehQa qa qhz
2z gXlm fmjVl plLl hh Qm Lla qh
aC plLll fr bL H c'V ch je emjz Bl Le hou Iaja e fyRl LlZ a hhQe Ll ph qm
ez

Bj NmVhm hWLl pj OoZ LlRz''

Hlfl XjVL HLne LjV (DAC)-l HL cupl hWL BquL OoZ Llme k DAC-Hl fde c'V ch
plLl je eJuu 8 cmu SVl Bl fuSe lCm ez aC DAC hm OoZ Ll qmz

hWLll Qlj hba

NmVhm hWL
h LMa NmVhm hWLl Qlj hbal Ne eu Bjl jejl qu lCmjz NZa Oll cul bL gl kJul
cxM Nil hceu Ala hd Llmjz BCuh-hld Bcme eu hRll pwNjl pgm qal jWu HpJ qlu
Nmz Hph Aei a XL-Hl phCL jjqa Llmz
AflcL 14 jQ nM jSh NmVhm hWL hb Lll jqNlh eu YL hjehcl hlQa pde fmez
NmVhm hWLl hbaL ae 6 cgl hSu qph dlZ Llmez hjehcl ae OoZ Llme k, fh-fLe
eal 6 cg pjbe Llm BCuh Me je ea hd qaez Hih ae fh-fLe pLm cml eacl hl
SeNZL rfu amez jJme ipe pfLJ ae jh Lle k, lSea bL al Ahpl NqZ Ll EQaz

jJme jJccl pb hWL

NmVhm hWL hb qu khl fl lJumfaC Sjua eahcl HL hWL quz jJme jJcc aa pifaa
Llez
Bj qan fLn Ll hmmj, ""Hlfl cn L qa kR? BCuh Me a Bl npe ra dl lMa flh hm je
qu ez'' jJme hmme, ""BCuh MeL HMe pefdel qa rja am cJu Rs Bl Le Efu eCz Bhl
Bjl pjlL npel Ade qmjz''

55

Cajd CuqCu-jSh Nfe hWLl Lb Shl fku fl qu pa OVe qph hfL BmQel hou flZa
quRz Bj jJmeL Sp Llmj, ""H hWLl En L qa fl? jJme hmme, ""NmVhm hWLL hb
Lll jqe En Rs Bl L qa fl?'' Bhl fn Llmj, ""Ha CuqCul b L?
jJme hmme, ""rja cMm Lll Hje jqpkN L qaRs Ll ku? cn hRl BN kMe pefde BCuh Me
pjlL npe Sl Lle aMe Hl flhn HaV AeLm Rm ez HMe plcn k hnMm p quR aa pjlL
npel fb Mmp quRz NmVhm hWL pgm qm plcn ehQejM qu kaz lSeaL cmmC hnMm
OVuz al ehQejM qm pqSC BCe-nMm gl Bpaz NmVhm hWL hb qm pjlL npe Aehk qu fsh
hmC CuqCu H hh LlRez''
Bj Bhl fn Llmj, ""nM jSh L pjlL npe QCa fle? ae he H hou CuqCu MeL pjbe Llhe?''
jJme HLV ril pb hmme, ""ayl qphC Bmc z Bq aBm ayL Ha hs ea heu cme hV, L
eapmi clc ce Lleez ayl c Lhm fVe juce J lSfbz NmVhm hWL hb qm pjlL npe Bph e
Hje eQua fJul SeC qua ae CuqCul pb cM Ll bLhez CuqCu Me qua ayL p eQuaC cu
bLhez'' Bj Bhl hpu fLn Ll hmmj, ""Bfe hmRe k, NmVhm hWL hb qm pjlL npe Aehk qu
fshz CuqCu Me aMe nM jShL L Lgua che?''
jJme jQL qp hmme, ""Lgua ca qh Le? ae plmih Aa eL jeo qph eS EcN euC qua
hmhe, ""jnm m' Sl Lll pje BNqJ Bjl Rm ez fpXV Bjl qa rja am cmez Bj a ehQa
fpXV eCz pefde qph pjlL BCe Sl Ll Rs Bjl Bl Le Efu Rm ez ''
Bj laja Ala fLn Ll hmmj, ""pLml CRl hl HL nM jSh Hih NmVhm hWLV hb Ll ca
prj qmez HV hsC hpul hflz''
jJme SJuh cme, ""NmVhm hWL hb qhl fRe Bfe d nM jShL HL cMRe Le? i J jJme
ipe a phn cu HVC QuRez CuqCu Mel osk a fz il pb CuqCu Mel Le kNpSnJ
bLa flz uw BCuh Me eL Ma cu DAC-Hl 8 cg je eJu bL hyQ Nme Hhw he Tjmu elfc
ralf hOl fW bL ej ka flmez NmVhm hWL pgm qm BCuh MeL hld cml BlJ AeL
flflL ch je ea hd qa qa Hhw aa BCuh Mel Qlj flSu hlZ Lla qaz NmVhm hWL hb
qJuu DAC-Hl 8 cml jd nM jShl cm Rs Bl pLm cml Aa AfjeSeL flSu OVm Hhw BCuh
Mel flr hSu qmz
aRs Le LR Ns am Aa LWez iP cJu h e Ll phQu pqSz BNlam osk jjml flZj nM
jSh d HLV cml eu, HLV Bcmel jqeal jkcu Ada qJuu H Sau ijL fme Lla flmez
CuqCu MeJ H pkN ea prj qme Hhw BCuh MeJ phd fu Nmez''
E hWL jJmeL AeLC ee fn Llmez jJme I ph fnl SJuh chl fl haje flaa LlZu
pfL LaL fljn cmez BlJ HLhl pjlL npel nLl qa qR, H eQua euC hWL no qmz

YLu gl Hmj
LuLce fl iP je J Qlj qan eu YLu gl Hmjz NZaL Bcmel Hje jlaL flZal Se Bj
jVC fa Rmj ez gl HpC Sjual fcnL jSmp nll hWL XLmjz pjlL BCe Sl qm pwNWeL
LWjL hqm lM J cJua pfplZ Ll pfL fuSeu p eJul EnC hWL XL qm z 1969 pml
25 jQ pjlL npe l qhl BNC jSmp nll hWL qu Nmz aC SjuaL Le Afa Ahu fsa qm
56

ez jJme jJccl clcl gm 1958 pml Ahl BCuh Mel pjlL npel ja flal pjMe qa qm
ez

BCuh Mel rja ql

1969 pml 24 jQ fpXV BCuh Me pefde CuqCu MeL HL cO QW cez aa ae cnl phL fla
hnoZ Ll cnl hfk BCe-nMm glu Be, cnl AMa lr Ll J SeNZl far iV ehQel hh
Ll l En pn hqel qa rja ql Lll OoZ cez E cO QWl fbj cV fl ejlf x
""rja aN Ll cnlrhqel LR rja am cJu Rs Bl Le hLf eCz haje cnl fZ Laa NqZl
Se cnlr hqeC HLj LkLl J BCeeN faez Bq Qqa Ahl flhae pdefhL flfZ hnMm J
dwpl qa bL cnL lr Lll rja acl luRz HLj alC cn pa glu Bea fl Hhw hpjlL J
npeaL faa cnL HNu ca flz''
E QWa BCuh Me pn hqel iup fnwp Llez hNa cn hRl Aa e J BlLal pb cn J SeNZl
LmZ k phaL fQ QmuRe, p Lb EM Lla ae imeez ayl I fQl flZjC cn k dwpl Lelu
fyR Nm p Lb hThl kNa bLm ae Hih ayl Mcjal EM Llae ez

CuqCu Mel rja NqZ

24 jQ mM BCuh Mel QW fu flce 25 jQ CuqCu Me pjlL BCe Sl Lle, pwhde ham OoZ
Lle, Sau J fcnL flocpjq hm Lle, Niel J jclL hlM Lle Hhw fh J fQj-fLeL cV
pjlL BCe Am hi Ll c'Se pjlL LjLa euN Llez
CuqCu Me 26 jQ Sal En fc ioZ cnhpl eLV f Juc Lle k, fhucl far iV ehQa
faedcl l cnl npea fZuel hh Ll qhz

NZaL Bcmel pgm

NmVhm hWL hb qmJ lnpel hl cO NZaL Bcmel Ljfr HaVL pgm ASa qm k, BCuh
Mel Qfu cJu abLba "heuc NZae' EvMa qu Nm Hhw SeNZ acl fhl iVdLl gl fmz
SeNZ hfL Bcme Ll H Lb fjZ Lla prj qm k, al ehQe iVdLl fuAN Lll kNz
26 jQ fc CuqCu Mel ioZl fl lSeaL jqm HaVL gl Hm k, cn ehQe qh Hhw SeNZ plpl
iV cu acl faed ehQa Lla flhz
CuqCu Mel pjlL npe 1958 pml BCuh Mel pjlL npel ja LWl Rm ez CuqCu Me lSeaL
cmpjqL hBCe OoZ Llee, cml Agp pm jl cee Hhw lSeaL eahcL Nl Lleez lSeaL
cmpjql JuLw LjVL hWL Lla hd cJu quez d lSeaL jVw-jRm Ll eo Ll qmz aMe H phl
Le fuSeJ Rm ez pLm lSeaL cm ehQe im Lll Se L L LlZu a euC h qu fsz
pjlL npe cn BCe-nMm hqm BaeuN Llz lSeaL jqm flrih Ha pqua Ll z fLn
lSeaL avfla h bLu BCe-nMm Luj a pquL quz

57

102.

HLSe 6 cg fZal ch
NmVhm hWLl hb flZal fl LlQ bL YL gl Bpl fb hje HL imL A BNq J Evpq eu
Bjl pb qa jmmez aL Bj Qemj ez Bjl fnl Bpe hp imLL Aeld Ll al Bpe eu
hpme Hhw ae Hp Bjl fn hpmez Bj hpa qu al flQu Sea QCmjz dlZ LlRmj k, ae
BcnL cL cu eLVha qhez aC Bjl pb Oe Bmf Lla Qez
AQlC Vl fmj k, ae pfZ hld Lfl mLz NmVhm hWL hb qhl fl kl hSul Nlh hd LlRe,
ae aclC HLSez flSa fafrl HLSe faedL fu ae hSuvphl Awn qph BjL " fb' aN
Lll Efcn ca QuRez
flQu eu Semj, ae HLSe pHpf EQ LjLa z Cpmjhc Ljla BRez RVa cnl cnl hsa kRez
hs ayl Qycfl z ej Xl Bp plz BjL ae Mh im LlC Qee hm hmmez kl lSea Lle al
mMfsl QQ LjC Llez Bj Hl haj hm BjL n Lle al mMfsl QQ LjC Llez Bj Hl haj
hm BjL n Lle hmJ EM LlRez Bjl pb BmQel pkN fu ae Mh Mn quRe hm Semez
Hih LaL pSejmL Lb hm ae hh l Llme x
""Bfel 6 cgL pWLih hhQe Llme ez HVL nM jShl HLV qWLl lSeaL fh je Ll qua Hl
kbb jmue Lla fleez HV nM jShl jdj fn Ll quR hV, L Hl fZa qme 18 Se fHCQXz Hl
jd hi hnhmul fgpl Hhw plLl J hplLl EQfc ha luRez HV Aa pQa J pflLga
gjm
, k 8 LV hPml iNl a flhae Llhz''
Bj Sp Llmj, I BWl Se fHCQX-Hl jd Bfe eQuC Aeaj? ae Snl pb ch Llme k, ae H
pwNWLclJ HLSez Bj Sea QCmj, ""H BWl Sel phC L hPm?'' ae BlJ Evpql pb Seme k,
al phC hPm Sauau hnpz
Bj Sp Llmj k, Bfel eQuC pclfpl flLfel iaCH H 6 cg fZue LlRez E flLfeu L
fh J fQj fLeL HLV l qph Ns amhl Q-ihe luR? ae MhC Mm je SJuh cme, ""Bfel
SeNZl juce LS Llez Bjl acl pb LS LlR, kl cn QmRez fhl BjclL chu lMa Quz
acl bL Bmc e qu Bjl Ea Lla flh ez Bjcl c'Aml jTMe ilaz H Ahu HL ll
Ai
bL AihLz''
Bj hmmj, ""Bjl pPMNlz cn NZal fb HRz Bjl LcJ fde hl Llhz Bjl Le Bmc
qJul Q Llh? al Bmc qa QCm cM khz''
Hl SJuh ae Hje Lb hmme, k e Bj QjL Nmjz ae hmme, ""hPm Sa qph BjclL Q Lla
qhz 47 pm hPm SaL hi Llu Bjl Sa qph chm
qu NRz hPm Sa ILh qm NV Efjqcn
Bjl hnm jkcl AdLl qa flhz''

58

Bj Sea QCmj, ""fQjhl hPml L ila bL Bmc qu Bjcl pb jm Bmc ll Ai qa lS

qh?''
ae Bl pb hmme, ""Bmha al fa qhz al LmLaL lSde Lla QChz hcn hi e qm a
Bjcl fh- fLel lSde LmLauC bLaz hVn BjmJ LmLa h hRl hVn ilal lSde Rmz''
Bj Efm Llmj k, H imL jpmj qph Q Lle e, hPm qphC Nhhd Llez ayl fa r qJul
flha pqeib hd Llmjz Lmmj k, cO pju dl Bfel Qdl pfL Sel pkN qmz HMe Bjl Lb
eez
""Bfel H fSjl jeoz Bjl hVn Bjm cMRz CwlSl jpmjecl qa bL rja Ls eu qc
hrZclL Sjcl a cu jpmj LoLclL acl fS hem z phr EQhZl qcclL pkN-phd cu
acl pqk Hcn hVn npe cOu Llmz 1937 pml ehQel fl 4V fcn jpmj mN plLl J 7V
fcn LwNp plLl Luj qkz j c'hRl LPNp npa fcnpjq pwMNl fcnm eu fLe Lujl
Bcme ce hyd Hhw 47 pm Bjl HLV de ll AdLl qCz''
L ciNl hou k, kl fLe l flQmel cua fme, al jpmj Sauahdl mme e Ll fLel
Bcnl fa hnpOaLa Lll gm flha Selne hPm SauaLl Eh quz Bfecl ja jdhcl pje
al fLel Bcn am e dll LlZC eae fSj iih Ns EWRz'' ae hmme, ""Caqpl Na HMe
glhl Efu eCz'' HihC LlQ bL YL fk ae OV pju c'fSjl Qdll Bce-fce LV Nmz

nM jShl pb Oe prv
1969 pml 25 jQ Selm CuqCu Mel jnm m' Sll pqMeL fl Sjua Cpmjl Lc ea Qdl
lqja Cmql HL VmNj fmjz aa ae SeuRe k, ""haje flaa Sjual LlZu pfL Bjl
Sjual qcual fyRhl Se Bj AjL alM YL fyRa QC z Bj nM jShl lqjel pbJ cM Ll
Sll je Llz Bfe al pb pral pju eu lMhez''
Bj ge nM pqhl pb plpl Lb hmmjz ae pral pju WL Ll cmez Bj Qdl pqhL eu
kbpju nM pqhl dej 32 ew hsa fyRmjz Bjl pb Sjual fcnL fQl hiNl pVl Seh
jqjc elkkjeJ Rmez
nM jSh Qdl pqhL pcl Aibe Seu LmLm Llme Hhw Bjcl c'Sel pb qa jmu ial Mp
Ljlu eu Nmez hWLMeu ayl cml eaeu LuLSe Efa bL pJ acl LEL ial eme ez ae
BjclL hphl fl Qdl pqhl pb Lb hmhl BN BjL mr Ll hmme, ""Bkj pqh; Bj kc Seaj
k, Bhl jnm m' qh aLqm NmVhm Bjl ijL pfZ i qaz'' Bj p p H Lbl SJuh LRC e
hm Qdl lqja Cmql pb nM pqhL Lb hml pkN cJu fuSe je Llmjz ae pju eu cM Lla
HpRez ayL fn LVu Bjl pb Lb l Ll pWL je quez aRs ae Bjl pb hwmu Lb hmRme, k
Qdl pqhl hThl Lb euz
Qdl pqh fum pSejmL Lb hmmez nM pqh Lje BRe, hsa phC im BRe Le, H Sau LR
hml fl Qdl pqh Sea QCme k, NmVhm hWL hb qm Hl flZj L hm ae dlZ LlRmez nM jSh
LRV hha J Epl ih fLn Ll hmme, ""Bj eQa Rmj k, pjlL BCe Sl qh ez Ea pV elpel Se
fpXV BCuh Me lSeaL eacl Efl Qf p Llhe, ka 6 cgL hhQeu He Le gjm hl Ll kuz
fpXV fcaN Ll pefdel qa rja ql Llhe hm dlZ Rm ez pefde pjlL npe Qe e hmC
Bjl dlZ Rmz Bfel See k, SelmlC cnVL haje pVju Ahu fyRu cuRz''
59

Qdl pqh hmme, ""Bjl eQa Rmj k, NV fLe BCe-nMml k Qlj Ahea quR aa BCuh Me
LRaC fla pjma flh ez Hl flZa k quR Bjl HlC Bn LlRmj''z
Bj H pkN hmmj, ""nM pqh; Bfel je bLl Lb k, jJme jJcc BfeL hmRme, ""NmVhm hWL
pgm e qm Bhl pjlL npeC Aehk qu khl Bn luRz''
ae ri fLn Ll hmme, ""BCuh Me pefdel qa rja am e cm CuqCu Me pjlL BCe Sl Lll
pkNC fa ez ''
Qdl pqh hmme, k qhl a a quC Nmz Bfe fLe Bcmel pju Aeaj khea Rmez Bfe
eQuC Qe e k, fLe iP kLz ph lSeaL cml pb cn Nsl hfl Bfel Ql pjeu Lih qa fl
p gjm BfeLC hl Lla qhz Ae phC HLcL, Bl Bfe AecL bLm pVl pjde Lje Ll qh?''
nM pqh Bl LR e hm Qf Ll lCmez Qdl pqh ayl pb pral pkN chl Se AeL AeL Llu
Semez nM jSh jc qp HLb hm BjclL hcu Llme, ""Bj je Ll k, 6 cg phC je em
fLel IL BlJ jkha qhz''
gl Bphl pju NsaC Qdl jh hlme, ""Bj eQa qmj k, NmVhm hWL QmLm pefdel pb nM
jShl Nfe pral MhlV Sh Rm ez''

CuqCu Mel lSeaL OoZ

1969 pme 25 jQ fpXVl cuail NqZ Ll CuqCu Me flce Sal En fc ioZ d HVL OoZ
LlRml k, fhucl iV ehQa SefaedNZ cnl npea fZue Llhez cn fLn lSeaL avfla
e bLmJ f-fLu lSeaL eacl jaja fLna qRm z ph EMkN lSeaL cmC flha ehQe
Awn ehl Se fa NqZ h Rmz L LaL hok juce fn p qu, k fLu fLn fa bLz kje, fQjfel 4V fcn L fehqm qh, e HL fcn qphC bL kh? Sau floc fh J fQjl faedcl
pwMpj hqm bLh, e SepwMl ia Bpe hl qh? pjlL npe Lace Sl bLh? pdlZ ehQe Lh
Aea qh? fLn lSea Lh l qh?
1969 pml 28 eil Sal En fc ioZ fpXV J fce pjlL BCe fnpL Hph lafZ pwhdeL J
lSeaL fnl SJuh 7-cg OoZ fce Lle x
1z fQj-fLe fcn hm Ll phL fcnmL fehqm Ll qhz
2z "HL h HL iV'-Hl eaa SepwMefa ehQe Aea qhz (AbvpwMpj ea ham Ll qh)z
3z gXlm fmjVl plLl fa Luj qhz
4z eae ehQa NZfloc fbj hWLl alM bL 120 cel jd npea lQe pj Lll fl NZfloc Sau
pwpc lfla qhz
5z 1970 pml 1 Seul bL fLn lSeaL avfla l qhz
6z npea lQe e qJu fk pjlL BCe hmhv bLhz
7z 1970 pml 1 Ahl Sau flocl ehQe Aea qhz

11 Seul BJuj mNl Sepi

60

hVn npejm bLC hs hs lSeaL Sepi YLl fVe juce qu HpRz aC H juceL "IaqpL fVe
juce' hm quz
1970-Hl fum Seul bL lSeaL avfla fLn l qJul Lbz aC Sepi cuC a l qkz pLm
lhhl Rm pqL RVl cez aC hs Sepi lhhlC qaz 11 Seul, lhhl ce phfbj BJuj mNl Sepi
Aea quz I pju nM jSh R-njL Seal euejZz lSeaa pu jqm phC imih SeC qL Bl e
SeC qL 6 cg chC fh-fLel pLm lSeaL J AbeaL b qpm Llu ch hm hnp Llaz
fLel AMa lrl la kl Efm Lla HJLj alC Hl haj Rmz
BNlam osk jjml fde Bpj nM jShL hehl LlZ 6 cg fh qph al jkc BlJ hs Nm z 6
cgl pjbL jqml je H hnp jkha qm k, 6 cg chL fald Lll qe-EnC nM jShL lq
qph I jjmu Ssa Ll quRz 1969 pml ghula NZBcmel gm kMe I jjm faql Lla plLl
hd qm, aMe Mh ihL LlZC nM jSh Bcmela pLml Ahpwhca eal jkc eu Sm bL j
qmez
H flaa fVe juce BJuj mNl Sepil fde h nM jShl ha ehl Se pjhn kje hlV qJu
ihL ajeC qmz nM jSh hSu jqhll jaC hh lMmez hnm Sepj kih eal XL ps chl
Lb pihC qaam J nNe cu ps cm z 6 cg qpm Lla qm BNj ehQe BJuj mNL AhnC
fLel Lcu plLl cMm Lla qh hm SeNZL hTk cJu qmz fLu H pil Mhl kbkbihC gmJ
Ll quz
H pil fauu Sjua Cpmj Rs Bl pLm lSeaL cm HLhlC Qfp Nmz fVe Sepi Lll qja
LE Llh hm je qm ez nM jShl jLhmu ehQe Awn NqZl Q Le cm Lla HNu Bph Le aMe
hT Nm ez

fVe juce Sjual Sepil fa

Sjua Cpmj HLV Bcnhc NZaL cmz Le HLV cml iu juce Rs fmu kJu Le AhuC
Sjual pS ez aC Cpmj Bcn J fLel AMal b Sjua ehQe AwnNqZl p emz 11
Seul BJuj mN fVe Sepi Lll OoZ chl flceC Sjua Cpmj 18 Seul Sepi Lll Mhl
fLu Seu cmz
ihL LlZC BJuj mN HVL acl hl Qm hm je Llmz qua al HVL cxpqpL daC NZ
Llm Bl Le cm Hje da cMa pqp Lle hm Sjual hl acl r qhlC Lbz
Sepil fa SlplC Qmmz pl nql fl mNe qmz la fl pyV quz ce hldl a Rys gma
mNmz Bhl fl Rf la mNa qmz fVl mNaJ hdl pjMe qa qmz hdl jLhm Lll fa
eu Nil la, LMe no la, fVl mNa quz jCL lX fhmpVa hd cJu quz
Sjual Sepil fde h qph jJme jJccl ej bLu hldal j hZ hs Nmz nM jShl
eaal jLhmu fQj-fLe bL Le eal BNje acl eLV pqeu e qJulC Lbz
BJuj mNl ppcl qjml iu fde LuLV fL Sepil hfe RfaJ pqp Llez H flaaJ
Sepil fa kbla Qmmz RphLcl fqlu 16 Seul bLC fVe juce hlV j al qa mNmz
Rphl phrZ fqlu ek Rmz YL nqll Bjl Ceul Mllj kq jlc eS aclL Lla bLmez

61

fLl pqkNal Le Bn e bLu jlc pqhl LuL jphf AL fQu Sepil fhce 17 Seul bL
ceL pwNj fL fLnl hh Ll ph quz
jJme jJcc 17 alMC YLu Hp fyRmez hje-hcl bL hnm jRm jJmeL pde Seu nql eu
Hmz H Mhl hlV BLl 18 alMl ceL pwNj jRml gVpq fLna qJuu Sjual RphL, Lj J
pjbLcl jd hfL Evpq-Efe cM Nmz
ceL CgL aMe fde lSeaL fLz Ha fbj fu jJme jJccl YL BNjel Mhll Efl HLV LVe
Rf quz HLV hlV nLe fM jm Es BpRz nLel QqlV jJme jJcclz Ca fz jJmel hl
lSeaL Bcme avfl phCL hTu cJu qm k, fh-fLel SeNZl jqn fQj-fLe bL Es
YLu fyRmez

aMeLl fVe juce

aMe fVe jkcel Sepiu pjhn hlV qm juce ia qhl fl nal cre cL XBCV lX Hhw fQj cL
Sq HieEa (haje Sql hcm hh) pjha qa flaz juce Mh hnm e qmJ fQjl ll El J
crZ cL hcl fk jCLl hh Ll qaz jucel El cL VXuj Rmz fQj J crZ cL cum Nu
Ol lM quRmz jucel fhn fb Rm HLj fQj cLz jucel fh cL jOm Bjml RV HLV jpSc
Rmz jpScl fh cLJ jucel BlJ LR SuN Rmz crZ cLl ja fh cLJ cum cJu bLu NV
juce cumha Rm hm kuz jucel Bp J juce bL hl qu khl Se d fQj cLC fb lM quz
103.

18 alMl Sepi
hLm 3V bLC Sepi l quz hCam jLllj Bke qm Bjl jWC Bpll ejk Bcu Llmjz jl WL
fReC jpScV RV qJuu LR mL I jpSc ejk nlL qez Bpll ejkl fl hCam jLlljl ejkl
juce YLm juce il Nmz Bpll fl jmah Sepi Bhl l qm z Bj pifaa LlRmjz Bd OV fl
jJme jJccl j fyRl Lb z ae BJlSh lX Seh gkme njp ejL HL hhpu lLel hsa
Ahe LlRmez
Bpll fl pi l qhl pb pbC crZ cuml hCl bL CV-fbll Ym Hp nacl Efl fsa bLmz k
SMj qu aL RphLl jl El fnl ayha eu ph Lla mNmz fhnfb cu mWdl ppl juce
YLl Q LlRm z RphLl Mm qa acl hl fald Ns ammz Hje flaaJ juce Efa
nal ia qu RVRV Llez hTa flmj k, jucel ial pdlZ fhmL eCz al phC Sjual Lj J
pjbLz H piu Nmjm qh Bnu pdlZ na kl HpRme al jucel hCl lu Rmez EQ j bL
cuml hCl fQjl lu AeL mL cM Nmz
j bL Bj cMa fRmj k, crZl lu fQl fmn luRz AbQ mWqa kl piu BjZ Lla Q LlR
acl pp al elh cMRz Qn jeV fk RphLl aclL WLu lMa prj quz Bj j bL jCL
fmnL hmmj, ""Bfel cysu ajn cMRe? Sepi Lll NZaL AdLl kl hd cR aclL faqa Ll
L fmnl cua eu?'' Bj mr Llmj k, fmn jucel fhnfb Hp cysu Nmz aMe Bj RphLcl
JMe bL pl Bpl fl mWum hqeL fmn juce YLhl Se fb Ll cm z al kMe plpl nacl Efl
BjZ Llm aMe phC k pcL ph fmhl Q Lla hd qmz HLj fhcLl cum VfLu fl qhl fb
Rm z crZ J fQj cL a ppl cO pju dlC Ym jlRmz

62

j bL Bj cMa fRmj k, crZl lu fQl fmn luRz AbQ mWqa kl piu BjZ Lla Q LlR
acl pp al elh cMRz Qn jeV fk RphLl aclL WLu lMRe? Sepi Lll NZaL
AdLl kl hd cR aclL faqa Ll L fmnl cua eu?'' Bj mr Llmj k, fmn jucel fhnfb
Hp cysu Nmz aMe Bj RphLclL Me bL gl Bpl ecn cmjz Bj hpa qu cMmj k,
RphLcl JMe bL pl Bpl fl mWum hqeL fmn juce YLmj Se fb Ll cmz al kMe plpl
nacl Efl BjZ Llm aMe phC k kcL ph fmhl Q Lla hd qmz HLj fhcLl cum
VfLu fl qhl fb Rmz crZ J fQj cL a ppl cO pju dlC Ym jlRmz
j bL Bj jCL piu qjml Se fmnL cu Ll hh lMRmjz Bj jC nqc qhl Se fa Rmjz
Bl kl j Rme al BjL jpSc Qm khl aLc cu Qm Nmez ppl jucel jTjT fyR Nmz
c'Se BjL Sl Ll j bL Ve eu Nmz R pjScl hlcuJ YLhl ja Mm SuN Rm ez hlcu
aecL eQ cum Ol z fhcLl cum mql pLl eQ NVl hCl LuLSe BjL Efs Ll Cu cu
Bjl c'fn c'Se u Nm Hhw HLSe Bjl Efl Efs qSu BjL YL cmz hlcl Vel Qm hl ja
Ym fsRmz HLV Ym Bjl Xe qal LeCa Hp mNmz aMe pl ALl Ru NRz hlcpq jpSc mL
Wpz
qjmLll pjScl LR Bpa flm hlcu kl WpWp Ll Rme aclL cJuml hCl bL mW cu
BOa Lla fla z al HLV cl bL CV-fVLm jlu jpScl hlcJ l quz pi pfZ f Lll LSV
fmn he hdu pjd Lll jqe cua fme Llm z ah fmn aclL jpSc Hp Bjel pkN cuez fmn
Hp jpSc Ol gmm Ym fs bj kuz Ym fs h qm hT Nm k, qjmLll Qm NRz aMe BjL kl
YL lMRm al EW Nmz Bj cysu acl HLSeL Qemj, k BjL Efl bL YL lMRmz p
RLj jpc Bm, k haje LeXu bLz hL c'SeJ R, kl Bjl fh flQa euz jpSc Bnu NqZLll
hl qa mNmz acl jd Bjl RV iC X. Nmj jukkjLJ cMmjz Bnfn fmn cM Nmz HL
imL HNu Hp flQu cme k, ae YLl Xpz Bjl iC HNu Hp al pb qa jmm z hT Nm, al
Oeih fhflQaz fl Semj, hma al flQa qez
Xp pqh BjL hmme, ""Bpe Nsa Bfecl c'SeL hsa fyRu cCz'' Bj OZl ca al cL
aLu hmmj, ""jukkjL eu ka flez HMe kl BR acl phC elfc Qm khl fl Bj khz ah
Bj Bfel Nsa kl ez Bfe uw Efa bL ppclL qjml pkN Ll cmez'' ae Bjl iCL
eu asas pl Nmez imLVl ej jqjc Bmz ae Lcue Rme hmC Hje SOe ijL fme Lla
flmez
ppl Bnfn LbJ bLa fl Hhw jW h jWl hCl qjm Lla fl, H Bnu hCll Mhl e eu
jpSc kl Rme acl hl qu kJu elfc je Llmj ez nqll cuanml Mh eu Sem k, phC Qm
ka fl, fb Le Bn eCz alC BjL hsa eu Nmz ku cM hCll Ol Bqa RphLcl fbjL
QLvp QmRz Mhl Hm c'Se R RphLcl fbjL QLvp QmRz Mhl Hm c'Se RphL nqc qu NR
Hhw Bqa AeL jXm LmS qpfam BRz
k c'Se nqc quRme acl ej Bhcm jSc J Bhcm BEumz c'SeC YL Bmu jclpl Rz fll ce
kqll ejkl fl QLhSl nq Sj jpSc acl Seku jJme jga ce jqjc (l) Cjja Llez ejkl
BN jCL Bj Lb hma Nu BhNfa
qu hmmj, ""Cpmj ej fLe Luj qm, Bl fLeCX Cpmj
Lujl Lb hml Se Sepi Lla cJu qu ez acfl pil RphL qJul Afld juceC nqc qa quz''
Bj mr Llmj, jga pqhl QMJ fez

63

HLSe pwhcL Hme

Bjcl hsa Ahela fu 30/35 Se Bqa RphL J Ljcl pb Lbha hmR Hhw acl MyS-Mhl eR,
Hje pju HLSe pwhcL Hmez ae Bjl Oe flQa, Nmj lpm jLz 1957 pm Bj kMe ceL Cqcl
pfcel cua fme Ll, ae aMe Hl Vg lfVl Rmez ae ehNWa "He' ejL HL pwhc pwl Vg
lfVlqph Bjl CVliE ea QCmez Bqacl pwMdLl LlZ Bjcl Ol hp ph eu hm fnl
hsa aL eu Nmjz H hsV Bjl QQ jpmj mN ea Seh ngLm Cpmjlz ayl hWLMeu hpmjz
BNa pwhcL fbj Bjl fau Sea QCmez Bj hmmj, ""BCuh Myl lnpel hl kcl pb jm
NZa hqml Se Bcme Llmj, alC BS gphc ijL fme Llmz nM jShl HLb je lM EQa k,
gphc qjm Ll Ae cml jVw f Lll nr kclL cRe acl l qua rja cMm LlJ ph qa
flz L H Sau hqe eu cn npe Ll ku ez rjau Nu HclL pjma flhe ez HclL HMe
NZaL nr ce, kc cn flQmel cua ea Qez''
ae fmnl ijL pfL Bjl jh Sea QCm hmmj, ""fmn a qaul jz pdlZa Le jSVVl
flQmeu BCe-nMm hqm lMl Se fmn hqe ekN Ll qkz hpul hfl k, uw Xp-Hl flQmeu fmn
hqe ppcl cje Lll flha Sepi f Lll Se aclL qjm Lll hh Ll cmez kMe ppl qjm
l Llm aMe Xp pqhl Lah Rm fmn cu aclL faqa Llz ae kMe cMme k, RphLcl
faldl LlZ BjZLll cO pju Q LlJ juce YLa flR e, aMe ae fmnL jucel fhn fb
eu Nmez fmn cM Bj Bn qu RphLclL plk emj, ka fmnl LS al qrf e Llz Bj
LfeJ Lla fle k, qjmLlclL pqk Lll "jqe' cua fmn fme Lla flz uw Xp pqhl p
Aeuu H SOe EcqlZ Luj qmz H pJ Bj nM jShl Lj hqeLC fdea cu je Llz al pi f
Lll Q e Llm fmn plpl qjm Lla fla ez''
Bj BJuj mN Hhw Xp-Hl ijLl ah ec SeC Hhw HLb OoZ LlR k, Sjua HLV Bcnhc
Bcmez SeNZl juce Sjual Ahez j Ll H BcmeL EvMa Ll kh ez
jL pqh Sea QCme k, Ha hs OVel flJ L Sjua BJuj mNl hl ehQe Awn eh? SJuh
hmmj, ""H cnl SeNZ Cpmjl ej fLe Bcame nlL qu ila bL fbL quRz Sjua I BcnLC
Luj Lla Qu Bjl SeNel LRC khz fnpel Le pqkNa cll Lb, elfr ijLJ Bn ku ez ka
faLm AhC bLL Sjua juce bL fmh ez''
HLV bL Bj ctih hmmj, ""kl Sepil BuSe Ll al Hl pgmal b qjmLlclL mW cu faqa
Lll Q Ll ez LlZ Hih pi pgm Ll ku ez aC Bjl mWl jLhmu mLW hhql Llez Sjual
Ljl nqc qhl Skh euC H Bcme HpRz aC BJuj mNl qjml iu J fnpel hlf BQlZ al
fRu kh ez BS Bjcl c'Se nqc quRez al Bl phl Se flZl Evp qu bLhez Bl kl Bqa quRe
al Bcme BlJ E qhe hm Bj Bn Llz''

nql Agp Nje

BlL dehc Seu jL pqhL hcu Lll fl pLhSl Sjual nql nMl Agp Nmjz nql Bjl
jlc pqhL pMe fmjz ae pMe Bqacl QLvp J MJul hhu h Rmez
HLV hou Bj EN Rmj z p hou pWL Mhl jlc pqh bL emjz jJme jJccL Sepiu kbpju eu
khl cua alC Efl Rmz Bjl Bn Rm k, kc jJmeL BJuj mNl ppl cMa fu aqm qjm

64

Llhz Sepiu khl Se jJmeL eu lu hl quRme Le Sea QCmjz ae hmme k, Sepil fla
pfL aL Ahqa Lll Se hh eJu quRmz aC kbpju Mhl fJuu jJmeL lu hl Ll quez
Ahn Bpll fl jJme lJue qhl Se fa quRmez
Bj jlc pqhL hmmj k, jXLm LmS qpfam BqaclL cMl Se Bj HMeC pMe ka QCz
elfl Lb ih ae fbj Qf lCmez fl jqaC hmme k, aeJ Bjl pb khez aMe la 12V hS NRz
BlJ SeLuL Lj pb eu Bjl Nmjz

qpfam
Bjl qpfam kR H pwhc eu c'Se RphL BNC Qm Nmez al jXLm LmS qVm R-pwNWel
cuanmL Sem al LuLSe qpfaml NV Efa qez CVecl jd acl c'Se aMe XEVa Rmz
fVe juce bL Bqa qu kl CjlSpa h qpfaml JuX BRe, acl Mhl al Sez al BjclL
pb eu fbj CjlSpa Nmz pMe cM Nm, fbjL QLvp cu hcu Lll ja kl, aclL Rs
cJu qRz Bl ia Ll QLvpl fuSe kcl, aclL ia Ll qRz
pMe CVe alZ XllC Ljla Rmz acl jd Ll Ll QM hlf ih mr Llmjz pMe bL
qpfaml JuX khl fb Bjcl CVeclL Sp Llmj k, Bqacl pb LE jc BQlZ LlR Lez
al hmm, ""fbjcL BJuj mN pjbLl BqaclL cM hlf jh Ll l LlRmz Bjl CjlSpl
cuanm Xll HcL c BLoZ Llm ae hm ijL fme Llu flhn hcm kuz ae Sl Sl hma
bLme, ""HV qpfam, Bll Bjl Xl z HMe lNl ph Ll Bjcl cuaz lN lNCz Bjl HMe
ewl lSea Llh ez HMe Bjl d Xl''z al H ijLl fl aje Le pjp cM cuez Ahn hld
jeihl kl, al qpfam ia e Ll Rs chl Q LlRz
qpfaml hi JuX CVel BjclL Bqacl LR eu Nmz Bjl faL Bqa iCul LR LR pju
Ahe Ll acl Ah Sea Q Llmjz kl Oju fsRm aclJ Lfm qa cm al QM Mm cMm Hhw
Lb hmmz lNL Oja cJuC EQa, H Lb SeJ Bjl acl pb i BQlZ Ll Lah je Llmjz
BjclL cM al jepL cL cu k flZ fm Hhw acl Efl Bjcl k eaL fih fsa cMmj a
acl BlN pquL hmC Bjl Aeih Llmjz Sjual pd fkul S'Se hn hL Bqa Ahu cM Bjl
MhC hcehd Llmjz acl HLSe Luc Bkj (haje pqlJuc) LmSl fpfm Seh H Bl gaj Hhw
AflSe pqL "Cuw fLe' ejL CwlS fLl pfcL Seh Bkk Bqjc heCujez c'SeC hu mL z
acl jbu mWl BOa z jbu hS cJu BRz QM-jM gm Bz Bqacl fu phC jbu mWl BOa SMj
quRez al c'SeC la aeVu Bjcl c'SeL qpfam cM Aa Aiia qu ha ha Llu Semez
H lLj qj flaa Mhl lQ bL ez hs bL hl qhl pju Bj Mhl Se Qf cJu pJ Ma hpa
flmj ez MJu J Oj RsC ha hma bLmz qpfam bL kMe hl qmj aMe la QlV z Bqacl fn
kb fll LlZ je Hje a hdb Llmj k, aMe La Lh qCez hsa Hp qa-jM im Ll du Jk Ll
Hhw jbu fe cu LR Mmjz gSll ejkl fl Ahp qu hReu fs Nmj z 10Vu Oj bL XL EWmz

19 alMl fL
19 Seul YLl ph ceL fL cMmjz HLj ceL pwNj NaLm LmSeL OVel pWL hhlZ fs Ljcl
J pjbLcl je LRV pe hd qmz pfZ elfr hhlZ fde Le fLuC cM Nm ez BJujcl pjbL
fLu "hr Seal' BjZ Sjual Sepi f qhl Mhl lpu lpu hue Ll qmz Sjual hl

65

"Seal" hSu Ep fLn LlaJ acl mhd quez Ha kl lfVl acl lSeaL flQu f qu Nmz
al k Bpm pwhcL eu a-C fjZa qmz
piNl hou k, ENA (Eastern News Agency)-Hl lfVl Nmj lpm
jL bL flhna Bjl
CVliE ph fLuC fLna qkz Ahn ceL pwNj Rs Aee fLu HLlLjih fLna quez ah Bjl
hhl plLb jVjV Hp kJuu Sjual ihjkc LRV hqm bLz
Hel lfVlL ge Llu Semjz ae H LSVL Ll k hlV Mcja LlRe , aa al clcl flQu fJu
Nm z ae H lfV fn e Llm Sjual hlV lSeaL ra qu kaz
Le lSeaL cml fr bL H OVel ec Seu fLu hha NJu quRmA Le je fsR ez HLj
ekj Cpmj fVl jmi glc Bqjc hha cuRmez L ceL pwNj Rs Bl Le fLu a fLna quez
pLm lSeaL cmC BJuj mN pfL pWL dlZ lMz aC NaLm OVel fl Ojl iu Qf bLa hd qJuu
LEL co cJu ku ez

19 Seul
ul pu jJme jJcc pb prv
18 Seul fVe juce Sjual Sepi f Lll Se BJuj mNl pp J fnpel elSeL ijL eu
flce Sjual cuanmNZ jJme jJccl pb BmQe Llez jJme jh Lle k, CuqCu Mel pjlL
plLl cn elfr ehQe Lla prj qh hm je qu ez lSeaL Ae jSh J iL kbRQl Lll pkN
ch hm je qRz lSeaL Ae BCe-nMm lrl cua H plLl fme Llh e, Hl eQa fjZ NaLml
Sepiz
H flaa Bfel Aa phde ANpl qez kph Bpe Sjual fr bL eje cJu ph, pph Qqa
Ll BpeiL avfla Qmez ehQe pXEm OoZl fh hs Sepi Lll fuSe eCz hRC Ll Bpe hfL
NZpwkN Llez
fh- fLe Bl Le lSeaL cm juce pu ijL fme Llh Le HMeJ h ku ez NZiqe eaph
Le cml pb ehQe IL Le pgm Beh ez HLj ekj Cpmj fVl pb ehQe pjTa J pqNNa
ph qa flz
jJmel Hph fljnl ia fcnL jSmp nll hWL ehQel hou fuSeu p eJu qh hm Bj
jJmeL Semjz
jJmel pb H hWLC p qu k, flce ae fQj-fLe gl khez jJmel BjclL pe cme k,
Aaa Cpmj Bcme Hl QuJ AeL LWe J SVm flal pjMe quRz Bjl Bql p J BMlal
pgm Se LS LlRz H fb VL bLC hs pgmz Bql Efl ilp lMez
104.

hohf ehQe Aike

1969 pml 28 eil Selm CuqCu Me Sal En 1970 pml 5 Ahl Sau pwpcl ehQel alM
OoZ Lle Hhw 1970 pml 1 Seul bL fLn lSeaL avfla l qh hm Seez

66

hi lSeaL cm eS eS Cp euC jW-juce lSeaL LjpQ fme Ll bLz kph cmu chL Sefu
Ll J plLll eLV Sl ch Sehl fuSe, pphC lSeaL LjLl iz L 1 Seul bM lSeaL
avfla l qmJ Le lSeaL cm aje EMkN Cp eu juce Nlj Lla Q Llez aMe ehQeC HLj
lSeaL Cp qu cysCz
aC 11 Seul BJuj mN Hhw 18 Seul Sjua Cpmj fVe juce fbj ehQe Sepil BuSe Llz
ehQe Cp Rs Bl Le lSeaL Cp e bLu kph cm ehQe Evpq eu acl Le lSeaL avfla mr
Ll kuez
ph cnC cM ku k, ehQel alM OoZl 2/3 jpl jdC ehQe Aea quz aC ehQe Aike LbJ 3
jpl hn Qm ez L 1970 -Hl ehQe fu pl hRlC ehQe Aikel hT hqe Lla quz 5 Ahl ehQe
Aea qmJ Seul bL pVl fk 9 jp cO Aike Qma qaz L fh- fLe BN jp hfL J
iuhq he qJuu ehQel Aee 7 Xpl Lll p OoZ Ll qkz aC ehQe Aikel pju BlJ c'jp
hs kuz 12 ei hql euMma fmul SmRp J OZTsl LlZ Le Le jqm bL ehQel alM
BhlJ fRhl ch EW z kc fRa aqm ehQe Aikpl pju BlJ hs kaz 7 XplC ehQe qu HhP
cO HNl jp ehQe Aike Qmz ehQe Aikel jucl cL bL HV qua hn-lLXz

ehQe Sjua Cpmjl AwnNqZl p

pha 1970 pml ghull fbj pq fcnL jSmp nll Adhne p NqZ Ll qu k, Sjua ehQe
AwnNqZ Llhz 18 Seul fVe juce Sjual Sepil pb BJuj mN J fnpel cnje BQlZ pJ
jSmp nlu phpjaihC H p quz k cia Sjua H p euR a pwrf fn LlRx
Bql kje Bql ceL Luj Lll EnC Sjua Cpmj ejL pwNWe faa quRz pLm ham nC
Hl hlda Llh, HVC ihL z Hcn ham nl jd fdeC qm BJuj mNz aC acl fr bLC
phfr hn hlda qhl Lbz haml jLhmu juce jkha ijL fme LlC Djel chz
Sjua cn eaal flhae Quz SeNZl pje pv eaa am e dlm H flhael pQeC qa fl ez H
ehQeC eaal flhae Bn Ll e NmJ cnhpl eLV Sjual mr J Ej am dll Se ehQe
AwnNqZ Aflqkz
k LuV Bpe Sjua ehQe AwnNqZ Llh I HmLl SeNZl eLV ihLihC Sjual cJua hfLih
fyRhz ehQe Aike Efmr AeL eae ehQe Lj kNs qhz ehQel gmgm k-C qL, ehAQel fl
pwNWel hl pqS qh, ehQe Ljl CpmAj Bcmel Lja flZa qhz
Sjua Cpmjl Bcme cOjucz HLV ehQe gmgm Lje qm HV fde hhQ hou euz cJual
pfplZ J pwNWeL ANNaC fde En z H Enl Se ehAQe Aa pquLz ehQel pju SeNZ kaV BNq
eu HhP jekN cu hi lSeaL cml hh e J hhQe Ll Ae pju Hje flhn al bL ez

Sjual eje hRC

pdlZa lSeaL cmm ejene h VLV fa qm ehQe fb qa kl BNq alC acl fRc cml eLV
dle cuz lSeaL cmJ cml jeeuel Se fbcl LQ bL clM Bqe Llz clMl glj hl eujJ Qm
BRz k cml ehQe im gml Bn hn p cm fbl isJ AdL quz

67

H hfl Sjua Cpmjl fa pfZ iz ehQe qJul En cml jeeuel Se clM Bqe Ll qu ez
Le h Sjual eLV fb qhl BNq fLn Llm ae AkN hhQa qhez Le lLe (pcp) fb qhl ch
Llm ae pcpfcC qlhez LlZ lpm (p) k fc Qu aL cae ez QCm hT Nm k, p hb qpml
pkN amn LlRz pwNWe kL k fcl Se kN hhQe Ll, p fc ea ALl LlJ coZuz Abv phCL
HLj Bql p J aMlal pgml eua phLR Lla qhz hNa b, jkAc J pkN Lje Ll
Cpmjl Mmgz

Ahme
ehQe cys Llhl Se Sjua Aa kfZ J eueN fa Ahm
e Llz
1z Sjual jSmp nl HLV fmjVl hX NWe Ll z hXl fr bL Sm Bjlcl eLV ehQe cys
Llhl kN hcl amL fWhl Se Aeld Llz Sm Bjl Sml jSmp nl Abh lLecl jaja eu
Efk mLcl amL HhP acl hNa pLm fuSeuu ab mM fWez
2z fmjVl hX fla abhml ia fbjLih HL HL Bpel Se HL h HLdL hL hRC Llez
3z hX hRCLa hclL XL hlaih Bmf-BmQe Ll acl kNal je kQC Llez
4z fmjVl hX 2/3 Sel Vj al Ll faL Bpe Nu plSje fuSeu MyS-Mhl ea fWez Vj lLe
J Ljcl jaja pwNq Llezm Nfe hmVl jdj acl LR bL Sea Qe k , I Bpe bL ehQe cys
Llhl Se L, LL phQu kN J EfkN je Llez
phno fmjVl hX khau ab kQC-hRC Ll kL pLm cL cu kNaj hhQe Ll aL jeeue chl
p NqZ Llz pdlZa hXl pLm pcpl jd hfL BmQel fl phpjaihC p eJu quz
hm hm k, hL hRC Lll hmu kph Zhm Aflqk hhQe Ll qu a qm, Eajel eaL Ql, Cpmj
Bcme BlLa J e, SeNZl eLV pv mL qph flQa Hhw phpdlZl pb jmjnu Aiz

Aee cm fb hRCul fa
kph lSeaL cml Le Bcn Lujl LjpQ eC, p cmml fde En rjau kJuz al fJul fmV
h rjal lSea Llez aC ehQe fb hRC Lll pju cml fde cuanmNZ Hje mLclLC jeeue
ce, kcl Sa Bphl kNa BRz H kNal jfLW paa h eaL Ql eu; fde jfLW qm BbL paz
ehQe hSu qJul Se LV LV VL kc MlQ Ll fkSe qu aJ MlQ Lla prj qa qhz k eSl ehQe
hu hqe Lll pb pb cml ehQe aqhm jV AwLl Qyc ca BNq Hje fbl Lcl phQu hnz
BbL pal fl kNal au jfLW qm, pqp ehQe Ljhqe kNs Lll rjaz VL bLm H hqe
kNs Ll pqS qmJ d VLu HV qu ez Hl Se pwNWeL kNa fuSe quz Caxfh Le ehQe kNal H
flQu cu bLm a Le LbC eCz
H c'V kNal fakNau k Ae fbl eLV flSa qu, Abv cml jeeue kc Ae LE fu ku, aqm H
h I cml Qlj fac lSeaL cml eLVJ dle ca fl Hhw p cmJ aL jeeue ca pja qa flz
ehQe AwnNqZl En kc SephC qu, aqm H hlV VLl AwL cu LaihC SeqaLl LS Ll kuz L
Bpm En lSeaL hhp z ehQe k jV AwL hu Ll qu a H hhpu heuN Ll ehQe hSu qm H

68

VL Epm LlJ hlV mi Ll khz H hhpu jeh e bLm SeNZl Mcja Lll Se H faa Ab hu Ll
ihL euz
ehQel jJpj Bpm cmu fdecl qa gml as am cu kl cm kNce Lle al phC jeeue fbz
jeeue ca pja qhl flC kNcel I Aee Ll quz Bj H Sau ka Aeel gV fLu cMR fu
phC jeeue cel flr OoZ hmC fjZa quRz
H Sau mL kNs e qm cml mLcl jd bL LE ejene fuz a e qm cml LE LE ka ehe J
aNC qL, al pqS ejene fu ez HjeJ cM ku k, cml pfZ hflajM Ae cml eaLJ ehQel
En mg eJu quz
H Sau rjal lSea ph cml qa cnl npeil kace bLh, aace paLl exb eaa Bn Ll ku
ez H Sau eaal flhae e qm cnNsl lSeal jM LMe SeNZ cMa fh ez

Sjual hRC Ll Bpe pwM

no fk Sjua j 60 bL 65 V Bpe ehQe Lll p euz fh-fLe Sau pwpcl Bpe pwM 162V
Rmz Sjua Qs fku j 63V Bpe faca Llz Sjua LaV fcnL Bpe ehQe AhaZ quRm
a plZ BpR ez
Sau pwpcl faV Bpel HmLu fcnL flocl c'V Bpe Rmz p qph fcnL Bpe pwM 324 Rmz
Le lSeaL cml pb Sjual Le lLj ehQe I h pjTa Rm e d ekj Cpmj fVl pb
Sjua H hou HLja qu k, H c'cml fb HL Bep cysh ez
Sjua BjL YL nqll HL Bpe eje heuz kL ejene h jeeue cJu qu Sjua aL LXV h
fb e hm eje hmz Bjl Bpe Rm 4V bel hlV HmLz Bjl eSl be ljepq aSNyJ, mmhN J
jqjcflz lje J aSNyJ jm HLV fcnL Bpe J Afl c'be jm Bl HLV fcnL Bpez

eh
ehQe Aikel Aia
Bjl eSl Bpe Sjual NV Sen, k aMe hs Rm e hV; L phC Se-fZ cu LS LlRz Bj
YLu Efa bLm ehQe piu hh lMRz Bj fu ph BpeC NuR Hhw ehQe Sepiu ha LlRz
Sepima kb mL pjNj Rmz pil noiN HmLl NZje mLcl pb hWLl hhJ Ll qaz fu
phC hWL Efa mLcl fr bL HLC lLj jh eRz jhl plLb HLC, io J fLni kC qLz
""Bfel hh Aa kfZ J qcuNqz k En Bjl ila bL fbL qmj, p En qpm Lla qm
SjuaLC iV cJu EQaz Bfecl fba ph cL cu Aee cml fbl Qu hn Efkz L Bfecl
cml fde fQj-fLez BfeclL iV cm fLel Lcu plLl fQjC bL khz Hhl Bjcl
ehQe VNV qJu EQa Lc fh-fLe eaa faA fQj-fLecl qa cnl Laa bLu phcL cu
Bjl fRe fs BRz Sau pwpc fh-fLel Bpe pwM hn qJuu Lc fh-fLe eaa Lujl pkN
HpRz HhlLl ehQe BjclL H pkNV ea cez Bjl H ehQe Bjcl AdLl Bcu Ll eCz ihoa
Bfecl ja mLclL ehQe Bjl fde chz L H ehQe BjclL rj Llez'' BJuj mN eacl
kNal fjwp Lla qu k, al lSea pQae jW fku mLclLJ HLb hTa prj quRe k, fhfLel bC nM jShl eaa J BJuj mNl plLl Lc Luj qJu fuSez La pqS-plm J pclih

69

acl jNS H Lb hp NR z H Lbl jd k im luR a Aedhel fbC l qu NRz hno Ll BCuh Mel
cn hRll HLVe npel H fau MhC ihLz
acl jhl SJuh Bj hmaj, ""Bfel L See k, BJuj mN d fh-fLeC BR? fQj-fLe
Hcl LRC eCz al rja fm fLe bL fh- fLeL Bmc Ll gma flz kc aC qu aqm ihoa
Bfel fLel ehQe iV chl pkNC qua fle ez k En fLe Luj qu, a pgm Lll Se Bl
Le ehQe qa flh Le hhQe Ll cMez'' Bjl H Lbl Le SJuh al e cmJ acl Qql cM hT
ka k, al Hje Bn Lle ez
YL nql ehQe Sepiu HhP Sjual ehQe jRm Ym jl BJuj mNl jecl u LjpR Rmz Ahn
YLl hCl Lj SuNuC Sepiu qjm quRz LlZ Sjua HmLl hnLR NZje mLL Sepiu qSl Ll
jl Bnfnl Qul hpl hh LlRmz k Bpel HmLu H hh Ll kue h que, pMeC hi jl
qjm quRz
Bj ehQe Sepiu nM jShl ej eu c'V Lb hmajz HLV Lb qm, ""nM jSh BJuj mNl pifa
qmJ ayl cml Le nM fQj-fLel 4V fcnl LeVaC eCz pMe Bl HLV "fLe BJuj mN'
BR, kl pifa eJuhkc eplq Mez I cmVl Le nM fh-fLe eCz Ha fjZa qu k, ""nM jSh
pl fLel lSea Lle ez ae fLeL HLl qph Q qua LlRe ez al qa rja am cm ae
fQj-fLe bL fh- fLeL hR Ll gma flez
Afl LbV nM jShL pde Ll hmaj, ""nM pqhz Bfel cml LjclL lSeaL BQlZ nr cez kc
aclL j Ll Ae cml piiP bL glu lMa e fle, aqm HLce Bfel pbJ al hajk
Llhz HclL pwnde Lla e flm Bfe na cn flQme Lla flhe ez H Sau ERMm mLcl
pqkNa eu qua rjau ka flhe; L cn npe Lla flhe ez Bl kC Ll kL cu npe Ll ku
ez Bjl HL QQL Bjl Bl pb hBch Lla cM Bj J Bjl RV iC-Hl fahc Lla Eca qm
BjclL B Ls djL mNu hmme, ""al L acl QQl pb hBch Lla Qp? aqm a HLce Bjl
pbJ Lll pqp fhz HLb hml pb pb Bjl bj Nmj, QQJ mu pl Nmez
Bjl Bl H EcqlZV e nacl jb es HLb pjbe Lla cMRz

ehQe Aee cml qm

6 cg J 11 cgl fr Bcmela hjf Le cmC ehQe pje AeNqJ BJuj mNl fr bL fuez
BJuj mNl LXll hCl eL faL eu cyshl pkN e fu al fbLih ehQe faca Lll Q
LlRz efl ipe Nf J jSggl Nf Hhw jpmj mNl ae Nf fb cys LlmJ BJuj mNl fQlikel
cfV no fk OoZ cu acl fba faql Ll ea hd quz HLj Sjua Cpmj Rs Bl Le cm
juce cysu bLez

iV Lcl qm
1970 pml 7 Xpl ehQe Aeel ce iV Lcl k qm Rm a ehQe Aikel qm Sel fl pqSC
Aeje Ll eJu kuz iV Lc SjuaC HLj fafr, a kaC r qLz Sjual fmw HSVclL phC
plu chl Ql Le V Ll quez kMe Sjual HSV Le lLj VL Rm pMeJ acl kbRQll
fahc Lla flez CuqCu Mel pjlL fnpe lSeaL jucel ja ehQe juceJ euC Rm z kl
SjuaL iV cuRe al Aa elh hmV ffl cysfl h lM HpRez

70

105.

ehQe gmgm
1970-Hl Xpll 7 alM k ehQe Aea qu Hl gmgm pce pl fl bLC lXJa fQla qa bLz
plce iV Lcma cscs Ll Bj Mh L qu fsRmjz gmgm L qh p pfL dlZ bLu lXJ
ehl Le BNq hd Llez aRs Qs gmgm a NZe no qm no la bL qua Se khz Le Bpe H
fk LaV iV fuRe Hhw al eLVha fac Le cml L La fuRe, H hhlZC HLVe QmRmz
fa Bpel MhlC phQ iV pwM J eLVha f iV pwM EM Ll qRmz Sjua Rs Aee cm no
fk ehQe bL pl cysmJ acl hJ LR iV fsR, k qpLlih Aa eNZz L h kMe hpe quR,
aMe NZel gmgm a OoZu BphCz ehQe Ljne fba faqll k alM ec Lle, p alMl jd
faql e Llm fbl ej hmV ffl BphC Hhw acl Se iV Lc hmV h hphCz ah cmu fbl no
fk ehQe jkce e bLu kph Bpe Sjual eje Rm e, pMe fdea a fblC eLVha facl
jkc fe, acl iVl pwM ka eNZC qLz kph Bpe Sjua faca LlR, Hje BpeC eLVha
fac qph Sjual ej AhnC HpRz ah iVl hhde hlVz
lXJa plla HhP fll ce cfl fk HLVe gmgm fQla qa bLz LaL Evpq Lj lXJ eu hpC
lCmz Bj Cnl ejSl fl Mu flSul eQua hd eu eQ Oju fsmjz gSll BSel pju EW
lXJ nacl LR bL Semj k, j LuLV Bpel Qs gmgm H fk fJu Nm Hhw phL'VaC BJuj
mN hSu Hhw Sjua ph BpeC eLVha facz
hLm Qs gmgm Se Nmz Sjua Le BpeC hSu quez c'V Bpe Rs pLm BpeC BJuj mN hfm
iV hSuz k cV Bpe BJuj mN flSa qu, Hl HLVa Seh elm Bje Hhw AflVa fha QNjl
lS ch lu hSu qez H c'BpelJ BJuj mN kb iV fuz NV fha QNj eu Sau pPpcl HLV
Bpe z QLj lS ch lu fu pLm EfSal iV fu hSu qmez Seh elm Bje jjenq Sml ecCm
bL hSu qez ae jpmj mN npeje fh-fLel au fcnL fdej Rmez ayl npejmC "52 pml
io Bcme ae Me elm Bje Efd fe Hhw HlC fauu 1954 pml ehQe ae Rea MmL eJuk
Mel eLV flSuhlZ Llez 21n ghull BhNl heu ae ip Nmez L ae I HmLl Eue k hlV
Ahcl lMRe Hl Lalf' 70-Hl ehQe BJuj fhe pJ SeNZ aL ehQa Llz

pl fLe ehQel gmgm

17 Seul fcnL flocl ehQe Aea quz fLel Lcu J fcnL ehQel gmgm fLna qm cM
Nm k, fh-fLel HLR ea nM jSh Hhw fQj-fLel fde ea SmgLl Bm iz
fLe Sau flocl 300 Bpel jd fQj-fLel 4V fcn J EfSa HmLl phjV Bpe pwM 138Vz
Hl jd 88V Bpe il ffmp fV fuRz Ahn 50V Bpe 7V lSeaL cm J EfSau a fbl fuz H
paV cml jd jpmj mNl 3 Nf, ef, Sjua Emj, jlLk Emj J Sjua Cpmjz BCuh Mel
Leiene jpmj mN j 2V Bpe fuz Bl Sjua Cpmj fu 4V Bpez

71

fh-fLe fcnL floc BJuj mN 288V Bpe cMm Llz elm Bjel XjVL fV c'V HhP Sjua
Cpmj, ekj Cpmj J ef (jkggl) HL-HLV Ll Bpe hSu quz hsl jJme Bhcl lqje gLl HLV
fcnL Bpe ehQa qez
Sau pwpcl ehQel gmgm cM Nm, fh-fLe nM jShl cMm, fh J p fcnu il Lu Hhw
Afl c'V fcn Jum Me J jga jqccl euZz

ehQe jhlLhc
NZaL Iaq Aeku 8 Seul nM jSh J BJuj mNL acl IaqpL hSul Se BlL jhlLhc
Seu Bj pwhcf hha cCz hNaih d Bhcp pjc pqhL Vmge jhlLhc SeCz al ejl
pb BSc nV Lih Ssa qm a Seh jSel lqje Qdll mM "lSeal ae Lm' hCV bL Sea
flmjz
jkl pju AeLC eL Rcej dlZ Llez pjc pqhl Rcej eL Rm BScz hSul fl Bpm ejl
pb Rc ejVJ k qu kuz k qL ge jhlLhc Sehl pb pb ae hm EWme, ""Bl iC Bfe hnp
Llhe e, jmEel phC BjL HLQVu iV cuRz qyVhl rja eC pJ Ael Lyd il cu HpRz'' ae
BjL Hih LbV hm Le fuSe je Llme a Bjl Se eCz H LbVa Bj hpaC quRz fLpBae
Bcmel pju jpmj mNl AeLC qcclL jmEe hmaez nV Bpm Blh "jmEe' nlC hLa EQlZz
Hl Ab qm Ain h meaf mea n bL jmEe nV NWaz pjc pqh fLe Bcmel Lj qph
qua H n hhql Ai Rmez BJuj mN eacl jd puc eSlm Cpmj J aSel pb RShe bLC
Oe flQu bL pJ acl pb lSeaL pM Rm ez pjc pqhl pb RShe Le flQu e bLm
lSeaL juce Oea Sj kMe Bjl PDM-Hl Bcme eaal cua fme Llz Bj kMe PDM-Hl
pVl aMe ae VSllz aMe ae elm Bje pqhl XjVL fVl fcnL pVlz 6 cgl hLf
qph Bjl 8 cg eu Bcme LlLmC H hal Sjz NmVhm hWL gm Lll fl ae BJuj mN
kNce Llez

CuqCu Mel Nsjp

pLm NZaL cnC ehQel gmgm fLna qhl fl Le cm kc fmjVl pf pPMNl Bpe hSu qu
aqm lfde Ahm I cml eaL fdej euNs cu jpi NWel ecn cu bLez 1970-Hl ehQe
300 Bpel fmjV 160V Bpe hSu qJu pJ nM jShL plLl NWel Se Bqe See quez
Hl LlZ kc HV qu bL k "69 pml 28 ei Sal En ioZ CuqCu Me k Lkdl OoZ LlRe, p
Aeku fbj ehQa NZfaedl NZfloc qph npea fZuel cua fmel flC plLl NWel pkN Bphz
p LlZ ehQel flC plLl NWe Ll kuez aqm npea lQel En NZflocl Adhne Bqe Lla hm
Lll L k bLa fl?
ehQe qu Nm 7 Xpl, Bl CuqCu Me Nsjp Ll NZflocl Adhne XLme 3 jQz aJ Bhl il
cha 1 jQ H Adhne AecLml Se jmah OpZ Ll CuqCu Me ayl Nsjpl juc hsu cmez

H Nsjpl Bpl LlZ

72

CuqCu Me qua H dlZ LlRme k, BJuj mN Rs Aee cm kc 25/30V BpeJ fu aqm

fQjfLel pcpcl pb eu Lc plLl NWel pkN qhz nM jShl qa rja cJu qm 6 cg LjpQ
Bphua Ll fLel pwqa hf Ll gmhe hm BJuj mNL rja cJu kh ez
L Sau pwpc nM jSh pf pwMNl pcpcl ea qk kJuu CuqCu Mecl pLm flLfe hmQm qu
kuz fLel pwqa lrC kc fLa
En qa aqm CuqCu Me ehQel fl Ahm ehQa cmpjql
eacl hWL XL npea lQel En acl jd Ql pju pdel phaL Q Llaez a e Ll d il
pb fljn Ll flaL SVm Lla bLmez
i CuqCul Se pjp hsuC Qmmez nM jSh fdej qm aL pwpc hld cmu ea qa qh, HV ae
LRaC jea Qe ez ayl rja QCz ayl rjau khl HLj EfuC qm fh- fLeL fLe bL hR qa
hd Ll z BCuh Mel npel cn hRl ae ayl Aeaj fde cpl bL rjal k c iN LlRe, a Bhl
fJul Se ae qaqa efe mLl ja Aa dlel hh ca bLmez
HLhl hmme, ""fLe c'V jSlV fV BR, BJuj mN J ffmp fVz"" fZal Le pwu Hl fmjV
cV jSlV fVl Aa bLa fl? rjal fNml fmf Rs H LbL Bl LeihC BMua Ll ku ez H
fNmjl eLjel EQlZC Rm, ""nM jSh z Jdl a, Hdj qj'' (JcL aj Bl HcL Bj)z
AeLlC dlZ k, CuqCu Me nM jSh bL H eQua QuRme k, kMe plLl NWe Ll qh Hhw nM jSh
fdej qhe aMe ayL ke fXV Ll qkz H eQua e fJuu ae il pb Byaa Ll pjp hC Lla
bLez
71 pml 3 jQ ehQa NZflocl Adhne YLu Aeel OoZV CuqCu Me HLj il QfC jmah
Llez jSlV fVl eal pb kNkN e LlC Hhw flha Le alMl EM RsC Adhne jmah LlV Qlj
qWLl p Rmz i qLjL cme k, fQj-fLel Le pcp 6 jQl Adhne kNcel Se Q Llm
LlQ hje hclC al WP cJu qhz
HL pju i hmme, NZflocl hWL hpl BN hi Cpa nM jShL ayl pb pjTau fyRa qhz H
hou kc ae BlL qae aqm ae jShL ayl LR khl ch e Ll alC nM jShl LR Bn EQa
Rmz CuqCu Me H phLC Nsjpl hqe hemez

pjdel HLV jqv fQ

ehQel 2/3 pq fl fQj-fLel kph fV pwpc LRpwML Bpe fuR p cmml LuLSe ea nM
jShl pb prv Lhl En YL Hmez LEpm jpmj mNl ju jjaS jqjc Me cmae, jJme jga
jqjc, ef ea Jum Me Hhw jlLk Emj cml nq Bqjc ele ju nM jShl pb prv Llez
jJme ele ju Bjl NlhMeu Bpu I hWLl hhlZ ayl LR bL Sel pkN fmjz ae hmme ""Bjl
nM jShL hmmj k, Bfe fLel jSlV fVl eaz Bjl QC Lc Bfe plLl NWe Llez Bfe
fdej qm Lcu plLll pLm ja d fh-fLe bL ea fle ez LaL ja ihL LlZC fQjfLe Lb BfeL ea qhz Bjl 50 Se pcp il hldz jSlV fVl ea qph fQj-fLel
hi fVl pwpc pcpcl pb BmQel Se BfeL cJua ca Bjl HpRz jjaS cmae HLV
lSeaL lpLa Ll eL hmRme, ""nM pqh Bjl HMe Bfel pb kMe hp BR HV L fLe eu?
Bjl fLpBe hpC Lb hmR a? Bfe kc eSL fLel ea je Lle aqm a Bfe fQjfLelJ eaz Bfe ku cMe SeNZ Lih BfeL jhlLhc Seuz''

73

nM pqh hmme, ""ae SeNZl phQu hn B ASe LlRe pC i pqha BjL ea jea Qe ez''
Jum Me hmme, ""pj J hmQel jSlV Hhw fh J pl hlV SepwMpq fQj-fLel naLl fn
iN jeo iL Qu ez al BfeLC ea je ehz'' jga jqjcJ Jum Mel ja pjbe Llmez H pJ
nM pqhl jd aje Evpq J BNq JcM Nm ez ae H Lb hm phCL hcu Llme, ""CuqCu J il
jeih cM Bj Bfecl fh hhQe Llhz''
jJme elel eLV bL nM pqhl pb fQj-fLe eacl pral hla hhlZ e Bjl je qm
k, al pjpl Aa QjvLl pjde fn LlRmez il hshs aMeJ HaV EvLV qu fLna quez nM
pqh kc acl fh Lhm Ll fQj-fLe kae, aqm SeNZ bL Hje ps fae, k i Hhw CuqCu
MeL qua fiha Llaz H pv pqp nM jShl bL EQa Rmz
H qja ae Lbu fhe? eSL ae d "hPm Sal' ea je Llez pl fLeiL lSeaL jeihC
al Rm ez hPm Saual cJua ek a fh, p, hmQ J fWe SeNZl LR kJu ph euz JMeLl
SeNZL E Lll ja Le Qdl kc nM pqhl jNk bLa ahC e ae acl LR khl Evpq hd
Llaez
ae qua H QC Ll bLhe k, iBl hld cmml XL ps cm i BlJ hn r qu al hl
NZhri fcne Lla flez HMe ae jhs im LlRez il ja HLnZl Qlj bfl ea Rs fQjfLel SeNZ HV jVJ Que k, fh-fLe hR qu kLz aC ae pMe Nm SeNZl jd hfm Evpq
cMa faez
iJ CuqCu fh-fLel SeNZl hmVl luL hmV l cje Lll qWLl p e em Hhw SeNZl Efl
Aa Aeuih jk Qfu e cm HMeLl LSeNZ LRaC fLe bL hR qJu pjbe Lla ez 1974
pm fLel fpXV qph kMe i hwmcn Bpme aMe axgai
h ayL hje-hcl bL Aab ihe
fk SeNZ kih Evpq-Efe eu fZYm pde SeuR; Ha nM pqh ka hhahdC Ll bLe, Ha k
jeih fLn fuR a pfz al iL H LbC Seu cm k, hwmcnl SeNZ fLel hl Le
ho foZ Ll ez YL fXuj kahl ila J fLel jd LV Mml fakNa quR, faLhlC
hwmcnl cnLl fLeL Aa BhNl pb pjbe Seu ilal fa acl huxo fLn LlRz
VXuAjl H jeilhC il pdel jd cM NRz
nM jShl eMm fLe lSea Lll AkNa J ehQel fl CuqCu-il fh-fLehld ijLl gm
lSeaa pu alZ J khLcl je ihLihC fLel hl ho Sjz L fQj-fLe Le jqmC
fh- fLe hl pje hoJ Rm ez aC nM jSh ehQel fl fQj-fLe Nm hfm NZpde eQuC
faez

ehQe flha fe ae jp
CuqCu Mel fh- OoZ Aeku ehQel fl Sau pwpc ehQa pcpcl fbj cua Rm 120 cel jd
npea fZue Llz Abv ehQa pcpNZ fbj NZfloc pcp qph cua fme Llhez npea lQel cua
pf qJul fl NZflocl pcpNZ fmjVl pcp qph cua fme Llhez npea fZue pj e qJu fk
pjlL BCe hqm bLl Lbz npea lQe Ll qu NmC ehQacl qa plLl rja am cJu qh hm
phlC Se Rmz
H pjupQ Aeku ehQel flflC NZflocl Adhne Bqe Ll CuqCu Mpl fbj Lah Rm z Adhne
hpm ehQa lSeaL cmpjql eahcl jd jahejul jdj npea pfL Ql pjeu pdel fQ
Qmaz L H ihL ful hcm CuqCu Me LVLnml Bnu euz
74

7 Xpl ehQe Aea qm, Bl 11 Seul (ehQel 33 ce fl) CuqCu Me nM jShl pb prv Lla
YLu Bpez NZfloc hpl BN fbjLih jahejul fuSe qu bLm Ha hm Le Hme? 14 Seul
YL aNLm ae nM jShL ihov fdej OoZ Ll aL Bn Ll Nme, ka ae Bl hn q-Q e
Llez L cnhp Sea flm e k, jSh-CuqCu L hou 2/3 ce BmQe Llmez fdej OoZ Lll Se
YL Bpl Le fuSe Rm ez pwMNl pcpcl ea qph H Lb lJumf bLC ca flae npea
lQel fh H OoZ Le fuSe Rm ez
k eal npea lQeu eaa che acl flflL jahejul fuSe bLJa flz H hou CuqCu Mel
Bpl fuSe L? eQuC lSeaL clLoLol Le Llhl Rmz
ehQe Aeel fn ce fl i 27 Seul YLu YLu Hmez HMeJ fn EW, Ha hm Le? acl ae
cehf BmQel hou J gmgm cnhp Sea flm ez pgm k que a hT Nmz
npea cua NZflocl; CuqCu Mel euz ayl cua OZfloc Adhne Bqe Llz eacl jd pjTal
Q LlJ ayl Se coZu qa e, kc ehQel flflC ae a Llaez L ae ll hl il pb Ha prv
Le Llme? 14 Seul YL bL gl Nu ae 17 Seul mlLeu ku il jgml hsa prv Llmez
Hl BN 28 Xpl LlQa Hhw hl Llme, e pjp hsme?
CuqCu Mel ijL BNNsC iueL BfLlz ehQel fh nM jShl 6 cg LFO-Hl hld qJu pJ 6
cgl fr SeNZl jV ehl pkN cme Le? pkN cu jV ehl hh Lll fl a je eme e Le?
ehQel fl NZfloc Bqe hm Llme Le? nM jShl pb J il pb Bmc hWLl En L acl
jd cla h Ll Rs Bl Le eL eua Rm? ehQel fe ae jp flJ NZfloc e XL nM jShl pb
26 ghul Bhl Le prv Llme?
il ijL phQu elSeL Rmz NZal phej jeJ ae lr Llee z hnoih 71 pml 18 ghul
LlQa HL Lj pjme OoZ Lle k, fLe rjal aeV My V luR- BJuj mN, ffmp fV J pehqe
z fLel lSeaa pehqeLJ Hih Ssa Lll Ej jqv qa fl ez NZa SeNZl ehQa plLll
Ade pehqe plLl LjQl jz H l ayl jel H Nfe LbJ hl qu Nm k, nM jSh J BJuj mNl
hl ae J pefde ILh BRez
106.

Sjual Lcu jSmp nll ehQel fbj hWL

1971-Hl Seull fbj pqC Lcu jSmp nll euja hoL hWL Aea quz ehQel fl HVC nll fbj
hWLz pl fLe Sau J fcnL fku HVC fbj ehQez 1947 pm fLe Luj qJul 24 hRl fl pjN
fLe pdlZ ehQe Aea qmz Hl BN fcnL fku fQj 1950 pm HhP fh 1954 pm ehQe quz I
ehQe Sjua fQj-fLe ehQe AwnNqZ Ll; L fh- fLe Llez
Lcu jSmp nll hWL fbjC ehQel fkmQejmL BmQe quz H fp Bjl hh fLn Llmj,
""ehQe gmgm bL H Lb f qu NR k, lSeaL cL cu fLe c'iN hi qu Nmz jpmj
Saual k ia iNmL cL cu hR cV iM jm HLV l NWa quRm, fLe npLl I iVC
dwp Ll cuRz fh- fLe HMe hPm Saua I nee cMm LlRz Bj eQa k, ehQe gm Eiu Am
eae k eaa SN EWR al c'AmL HLC ll Ai bLa ch e Abh lMa flh ez""

75

Bjl hh no qhl BNC jJme jJcc pifal Bpe bL jh Llme, ""fQj-fLeJ lSeaL cL
cu hi qu Nmz fh J p HLcL, Bl pj J hmQe Bl HLcL''z H Lb hm jJme bjm Bj
hmmj, ""fQj-fLel 4V fcn iNmL cL cu HLpb bLu acl hR qJu jVC pqS euz L fhfLel hR qJuL ld Ll ph je qRz''
jJme fn Llme, ""H hou Sjua Cpmjl LlZu LR BR Le?''
SJuh Bj hmmj, ""kc Sau pwpc Sjual Aa 10 pcpl HLV fmjVl fV NWe Ll ph qa
aqm hRa ld Lll En Le ijL fmel pkN fJu kaz H flaa jSmp nll eLV Bjl
fljn HC k, kc lSeaL uLl jdj eujaLih fh- fLe fbL qu khl Lkj l Ll aqm
Sjua Cpmjl fr bL Hl hlda Lll fuSe eCz Bjual Bpm k En, hR qu NmJ p
En k LlZu a Lla flhz''
Bj BlJ ANpl qu hmmj, ""fh- fLe fQjl pb k bLh e fbL qh H hou p ehl fuSe qm
Hl fZ HMaul Sjual fh-fLe nML cJu qLz H hou fh-fLe nM phpjaih k p ea
Qu a Lcu Sjua ke Aejce Llz JMeLl phL fla hCl bL Efm Ll Aphz''
Bjl H lal fh pfL jaja fLnl Se jSmp nll pcpcl jd LuLSe jJmel Aeja QCmez
Aeja QCmez Aeja fu H fhl fr J hfr ph km fkmQe Ll MhC dllih BmQe qmz
Bjl BmQeu ihLih LRV BhN fLn fmJ ayl LE BhNasa qeez ayl Bjl BlLaLC la
cuRez phno jJme hmme, ""nM jSh a HMe dea ch Llee, fZ BmL unpel ch euC
ae 6 cg fn LlRez Sjual fh-fLe nMl fr bL HLV hno unpe ch Ll quRz jSmp
nll pcpNZ HLja qm Bjl I hou d unpe eu; fZ deaC ca flz'' jJmel H Lbl fl HL
hL phC pjbe Semez

3 jQ YLu Bqa NZflocl Adhne Bqel fau

AeL hm qmJ no fk "71-Hl 3 jQ YLu NZflocl Adhne hphl OoZu YLl lSLeaL Ae LRV
l ih mr Ll Nmz L i iuAeL QyQjQ l Llmez
ehQel fl bL i kahl BfLl hh cuRe Hl faVl hl ah iou Bj hha cuRz ph fLuC
H ph hha fLna quz
il Bf pJ Lcu plLll 13 ghull plLl OoZu 3 jQ YLu NZflocl LjpQ hqm lM quz Hl
fauu 15 ghul i OoZ Lle, ""pwMl cm BJuj mN fLn h Nfe BjclL LRV Lepnel
fana e cJu fk ffmp fV YLu 3 jQ Bqa Adhne kN ch e BJuj mNl lQa pwhde pja
chl Se Bjl fVl YL kJu J Afjea qu gl Bp ph euz''
i Bhl hme, ""kqa BJuj mN pwMl, pqa p fVl pwpc kNce Abqez pMe BJuj mNl 6
cgl ia lQa pwhde Aejce Ll Rs Bl Le hLf bLh ez AaHh YLl H Adhne LpCMe Rs
Bl LRC euz''
28 ghul mql Aea Sepiu i 3 jQ YLu Bqa NZfloc hWL jmah Lll ch Seez flce 1 jQ
hal ioZ CuqCu Me il ch je eu hWL jmah Ll cez H hfl jSlV fVl ea nM jShl pb
kNkN Lll fuSeuaJ hd Ll quez flha Le alM OoZ LlJ Lll hhQe Ll qm ez

76

YL Adhne jmah Lll fau

NZflocl k Adhne ehQel fl Aeahm Bqe Ll Lah Rm a fe ae jp fl k-C-h XL qm a
il cha HLalgih jmah Ll qm BJuj mNl Lje fau qa fl H hou CuqCu Mel Le
dlZ Rm Le L Se? pjlL jNS L d nl cfVC bL? lSeaL fla hThl Le kNaC L bL
e? 1 jQ cfl HLVu lXJa Adhne AecLml Se jmah OoZl pb pb YLhp axga hri
gV fs YL VXujl LV VV jQ hae Ll cnLl jRm kNce Ll z qCLV hl Hhw Sm hl
Hppune fahc jRm eu lu ej fsz Rl nr fae Rs lSfb hl qu Bpz pej qmpjq h
qu ku Hhw cnLl jRml BLl hl qkz nf HmL bL njLl cm cm jRmpqLl YL nqljM quz
I pju qVm fh Za BJuj mN Sau pwpc fmjVl fVl pi QmRm z pLm hri jRml pa qVm
fh Zl cL ka bLz jRmLlcl HLC nNe Rm, ""fLel pb pfL R Ll, hwml dea OoZ
Llz''
hq Seal En ioZ nM jSh CuqCu Mel OoZl fahc 2 jQ YLu Hhw 3 jQ pjN fh- fLe
phaL qlaml XL cez
1 jQ plce jRm jRm YL nql fLfa quz plLl J hplLl pLm Agp bL LjQll hl qu Bp z
cLeffV ph h qu kuz Hph jRm fVe jkce pjha qm BJuj mN, RmN J njL mNl fr bL
NZBcmel XL cJu qu Hhw flce 2 jQ qlLm pgm Lll Se LjpQ OoZ Ll qkz

YLu 2 jQl qlam

1 jQ Adhne jmah OoZ ehl pb pb phjqm k ah J axga hri fLn fuR, aa Aeje Ll
ku k, 2 jQ YLl qlam LaV phaL J hfL BLl dlZ LlRmz Hl hhlZ cJu efuSez
I cel EMkN hno OVe qm, YL hnhcmu fZ Aea R pjhn Lcu R pwpcl (XLp) pqpifa (if) B.p.j Bhcl lh phfbj hwmcnl deal faL Eme Llez phS Sje hwmcnl
jeQMQa H faLVC flhaLm jeQ hc cu lu faLl jkc fuz
H faLV pfL Seh jSel llqje Qdl lQa "lSeal aeLm' ejL fL 3 jQ fVe jucel R-Seal
pjhn pfL mMe, ""RmN pifa el Bmj pLl pifaa Aea hnm Sepil RmN ea nh eluZ
cp Aa de phij hwmcnl fha Sau faL (jkLme de hwml faL k Dov pwnda qu
haje cnl faL) fcna quz H Sepiu avLme RmNl pdlZ pfcL nqSqe plS "deal
Cnaql' fW Llez Hl BNl ce 2 jQ hnhcmul hVamu XLpl avLme pq-pifa B.p.j Bl lh
phfbj deal HC faL Eme Llez''
I ceC (2 jQ) nM jSh HL hhaa pjlL BCe faql Lll ch Seez ae OoZ Lle k, 3 jQ bL 6
jQ fk face pLm 6V bL hLm 2V fk fcnhf djOV fme Ll qh Hhw 7 jQ lpLp juce ae
Sal En ihov Ljf OoZ Llhez

3 jQ fcnhf qlam

77

fla Bu lMl En CuqCu Me HLV fnpeL hh eez CuqCu Mel pjlL BCe fnpL qph fh-
fLel cua m. Selm pqhkc jx CuLh Me Rme Hhw hpjlL fnpel cua iCp HXjlm HpHj
Bqpe Niel Rmez
1 jQ HL Bcnhm CuqCu Me pqhkc CuLh MeL HLC pb pjlL BCe fnpeL J Niell cua cu
Niel BqpeL Ahqa cez Hih Hacel a-npel hcm HLL pjlL npe Qm Llez 1 jQC pjlL
Lafr fylpi HmLu la 8V bL pLm 7V fk Hhw 3 jQ bL p 7V bL pLm 7V fk LlgE Sl
Llez
hq Sea LlgE Aje LlC jRm Hhw hri fcne Lla bLz gm ma hn LuLSe hriLl 2 J 3
alM eqa quz no fk Lafr 3 jQC LlgE faql Lll OoZ ca hd quz
3 jQ pjN fh- fLe Hje phaL qlam fme Ll qu, kl gm CuqCu Me I ceC Sau pwpc ehQa
cmpjql eacl NmVhm hWL pjha qJul Bqe Seez k hWL Xpll au pqC XL EQa Rm a
jQl au pq XL qmz nM jSh p p H fh eQL Ll cez CuqCu Mel pje lSeaL Le
bLm hTa flae k, H Sau hWL XLl pju AeL BNC fl qu NRz
3 jQ hLm RmN pifa el Bmj pLl pifaa Aea fVe jucel hnm Sepjhn nM jSh
Aqwp ApqkN Bcmel XL ce Hhw rja ql e Ll fk Ll J MSe ce h OoZ Llez ae pMe
aeV ch Efe Llez x
1z Ahm pjlL BCe faql Lla qhz
2z pn hqeL hlL gl ka qhz
3z Sefaedcl eLV rja ql Lla qhz

fh- fLe plLl nM jShl euZ

4 jQ cM Nm, pjlL BCe f qu BRz hpjlL plLl CuqCul euZl hCl nM jShl ecn je
QmRz Abv plLl pfZ AQm qu fsRz 4 jQ nM jSh ejmMa ecn Sl Lle x
1z LjQlcl hae flndl Se plLl J hplLl Agp hLm BsCV bL c'OV Mm bLhz
2z feln' VLl Aed QL flndl Se hwLpjqJ I c'OV Mm bLhz
3z VV hwL LaL
Abh Ae Le fLl hwmcnl hCl Le VL fWe kh ez
nM jShl ApqkN Bcmel fa BeNa fLn Ll pQhmu hl qu kuz pQhNZ nb jShl ecn fme
Lla bLez hno fkSe pQhNZ nM pbhl hsa ecn ea Bpez
lSde YLpq fh-fLel ph jRm J hri Qma bLz nNe nNe lSfb jMlaz nNe RmA "Su
hwm', "ajl Bjl WLe, fc jOe kje', "ajl cn Bjl cn, hwmcn hwmcn', "f e YL, YL YL'.
"ajl ea Bjl ea, nM jSh nM j Sh', hl hPm A dl, hwmcn de Ll', 'il j L mb jl,
hwmcn de Ll' Cacz
HihC CuqCu-i Q fh-fLeL hRal cL Wm cuz H flaaC CuqCu Me 6 jQl hal ioZ
jmah NZfloc Adhne 25 jQ Bqe Llez fn qm, k LlZ 3 jQl hWL jmah Ll quRm p LlZ L cl
quR? a e qu bLm mL cMe H OoZ Abqez

78

7 jQ lpLp nM jSh
fh OoZ Aeku 7 jQ lLp juce HL jqpjhn quz j de hwml faL Esel quz I fla J
flhn E pjhn EQfc plLl paLapq pLm jqml mLC hfm pwMu Efa quz nM pqh pC
Sepj 25 jQ Bqa NZfloc Adhne kNce fp Hje QlV na Blf Lle, k flZ e qhlC Lb Abv
nM jSh H hWL kNce e Lll flr OoZ cmez na 4V ejlf x
1z
2z
3z
4z

pjlL BCe faql Lla qhz

pehqeL hlL gl ka qhz
H fkLl qal ac Lla qhz
ehQa Sefaedcl qa rja ql Lla qhz

H pjhnC nM jShl fMa ioZl no EQlZ Rm, ""Hhll pwNj jl pwNj, Hhll pwNj deal
pwNjz Su hwm, Su fLez''
pjhn ae flha Le LjpQ OoZ Lleez ah I ceC HL hhaa flha HL pql HL cO pjpQ ecn
Lle, kl LuLV ejlf x
1z
2z
3z
4z
5z

MSe J Ll cJu h bLhz

pQhmu, plLl J hplLl Agp, qCLV J pLm Bcma qlam fme Llhz
pLm nr fae h bLhz
VV hwL h Ae Le Efu fQj fLe VL fWe h bLhz
face pLm ihe Lm faL Eme Ll qhz

hmhm, fh- fLe CuqCu Mel npe pfZ AQm qu fsz hplLlih nM jShl npeC Qma bLz
pVl H fku 9 jQ nM jShL CuqCu Me HLSe LWlje k-hnlc SelmL fh- fLel pjlL BCe
fnpL J Niel euN Llmez ae Selm V Mez OVej nM lpLp jucel ioZl flflC H euN
Mhl Se kuz
euj Aeku aCLVl fde hQlfa Niell nfb Aee flQme Llez I pju nM jShl ecn qCLVJ
qlam fme LlRmz aC fde hQlfa hH pL NielL nfb hL fW Lla ALl Llez gm CuLh
MeC Niel qph hqm bLe, kcJ ae pQm Niel quC ce LVRmez LlZ aMe npe QmR nM jShlz

Sjua Cpmjl ch
I flaa Ae Le lSeaL cml Le lLj ijL fmel pkN Rm ez Ae Le cml eal hhaJ Le
la hqe Lla ez Ahn Lah je Ll il ANZaL J lu pwqa hld faV hhl ah fahc Ll
hha cuRz
L 7 jQl flce Sjual fr bL CuqCu Mel eLV pV elpel HLj Efu qph HLV ch See
fuSe je Ll quRz chVl plLb Rm, ""CuqCu Me z Bfe lfde qph Qlj hbal flQu cuRez
SefaedNZL npea lQel pkN e cu fc fc fahLa p LlRez il pb Byaa Ll fhfLeL hRal cL Wm cuRez haje Bfel npe pfZ AQmz lSeaL pVl pjdel pje
kNal flQu caJ Bfe Arj quRez Bjl BfeL fcaN Ll ehQa faedcl qa Soja ql
Lll Sl ch SeRz pjlL npel Ahpel fl NZaL plLlL SeNZl pqkNau cn flQme Lla

79

cez npea hQel cua SeNZ acl qaC am cuRz fLel Aal b Bfe Ahm rja aN
Llez''
aMe BCeNaih pjlL npe Qm bLu fLu Sjual hh Hje LWl iou fLna qa flez ah
Bjcl pe k, Bjl cua fme Lll Q LlRz

fQjfQj-fLel
el 40 Se Sau pwpc pcp
Sau pwpc il cml hCl 7V lSeaL cm J EfSal 50 Se pcp ehQa qez 3 jQl NZfloc Adhne
jmah OoZl BNC acl jd 40 Se YLu fRez il jLL ANq Ll al fjZ Lle k, al il
iu ia eez
alJ 3 jQl Adhne jmah Lll fahc See Hhw pwMNl cml eal eLV rja qll ch Seez al
H LbJ OoZ Lle k, i fQj-fLel HLL ea eez
fLa
fr CuqCu Mel p lSeaL pVl Bl Le lSeaL pjdeC Ahn Rm ez pjlL pjde jNS
bLm lSeaL pjde amn Ll fuSe je Ll qu ez
107.

CuqCuCuqCu-jSh IaqpL pwmf

1971-Hl 15 jQ CuAqCu Me YL Bpez fh-fLe k aMe ayl npe Luj eC p Lb eQuC ae Vl
fuRez pjlL npe aMe AQm, Bl hpjlL npe nM jShl euZ H flhn CuqCu J nM jShl jd
BmQe Qmz
H pwmf BJuj mNl fr bL cV Vj NWe Ll qkz puc eSlm Cpmj, aSe J X. Ljm qpe fbj
Vjl pcp Rmez H aeSe BmQel pju Efa bLaez nM jShl fr bL ayl ecn Aeku puc eSlm
CpmjC fLpje (BmQL) qph cua fme Llaez au Vjl pcp Rme LVe jepl Bm, McLl
jnaL Bqjc J Bhcp pjcz au Vj fbj VjL fuSehd fljn caez
16 jQ BsC OV BmQe Qmz OoZ Ll qu k, HmQe pgmal cL HRz H pwmfl pgml Efl NV
fLel pwqa, n J ANNa ei Ll hm pLm ll jeo Adl BNq Afrje Rm Hl pgm pLmlC Lj
Rmz kcl pl Efl pgm eil Ll ayl H hou LaV BlL Rme a Bq Rs Bl Ll Sel Ln
euz
BmQe 17 jQ HL OV, 19 jQ cs OV, 20 jQ c'OV cn jeV Hhw 21 jQ cs OV Qmz Le frC f Ll
SeR e k, pgml cL LaVL HNuRz 19 alM d Se Nm k, Le AQmh p quez CuqCu Mel
BjZ SmgLl Bm i 15 pcphn Vj eu 21 jQ YL Bpmez 21 bL 24 jQ fk jSh-CuqCu-il
jd frL J frL LuL cg BmQe Aea qkz 22 jQ Hl frL hWL ILjl ia 25 jQ Bqa
Adhne jmah OoZ Ll quz
fLel ciN k, CuqCul ja AhhQL lfdel qa cnl Lpjal gupml cuah fsmz cn J
Sal LmZl fa BlLa bLm ehQel fl flC H frL hWLl hh Ll qaz lSeaL fla SVm
qhl BNC H hWL qm qua pwmf pqSC pgm qaz

80

23 jQ fLe chpz pce pl fLe plLl J hplLl fku fLel faL EXXe qhl alMz H BNC
pwmf pgm qJu AhnLz H Lb CuqCul jNS Rm Le L Se? pwmfl pgml Le phe BR Le
aJ hThl Efu Rm ez aC 23 jQ Rl ph de hwml faL Esuz Niel qES J fpXV qES Rs
Le plLl iheJ fLel Qyc-al MQa faL Esa cJu quez fLel fpXV YLu Efa bL
cMme k, fh-fLel lSdea fLel faLl hcm i faL EsRz
H Ah cMl fl CuqCu Mel VeL es EQa Rm HhP nM jShl 6 cg je eu pjTa Lll Se iL
Qf cJu BhnL Rmz 6 cgu fLe Lcu plLl chm qu NmJ lu AMa a hqm bLaz fh-
fLeL hR qJu bL lr Lll HVC HLj fb Rmz Ahn H fb Bpa i lS qa fle ez LlZ
ae rja Rs Bl LR hTe ez aL rjau kaC qhz Hl Se fh- fLeL hR Ll ayl Se Aflqkz
aC al fr nM jShl pb Bfp Ll Aphz

pwmfl Mhl pwNq

pwmfl Bpm Mhl Sel Se Bj Al Rmj z BJuj mNl fr bL pwmfl fLpje puc eSlm Cpmj
YLu Hm Bjcl jNhSl jquC EWae ayl hs p Ceul Sje pqh ayl Hlj iNfa puc
eSlmL qVm bLa cae e 7 iC-Hl j HL he Rme eSlm pqhl z
1948 pm kMe jNhSl Bjl Sj Le aMe HLC jmLl Sj Bjl 8 nlL jm Lemjz Ceul Sje
pqhJ HL nlL Rmez Bjcl hsl ae hs flC ayl hsz
aRs puc eSlm Cpmj RShe bLC Bjl Oe flQaz Bj kMe gSmm qL jpmj qm CEeuel SHj
aMe ae pmjq jpmj qml ifz aje jSmpl pb ae pf bLu pfLVl j h fuz jujepwq
hll ae ELm bLLm hl jmeuae Bj Sjual EcN BuSa pd pjhn HLdLhl ayL fuRz
ae Sjual hC-fL
fsae Hhw BjL hmae, ""Bkj iC ; eae hC hl qm Bj ke fCz''
ayl pb Bjl H Oe pfLl phc 19 jQ la ps HNlVu Sje pqhl hsa ayl MyS Nu fmjz
pje BNC ae pwmf bL gl HpRez ae Seme, ""HMeJ BmQe fbjL fkuC QmRz al je Ll 6
cg Luj qm fLel AMa hf qhz Bjl Sl cu hmR BJuj mNl Vf mXll phC fLe
Bcmel pwNj khea Rmez fLe iP kL HV al QCaC fle ez ehQel gmgmL Bfel je
eRe e hmC pjpJ pV p quRz SeNZl jV je e em Lje Ll Qmh?''
ae BlJ hmme, ""Bjl fLe Luj LlRz CuqCu Mel aMe CwlScl Nmj LlRez BS al pcq
Lle Bjcl Efl k, Bjcl qa fLe elfc Le z Bjl aclL n iuu hm cuR k, fLe Bjl
jSlVz jCelV kl alC Bmc qa QCa fl z Bjl Le Bmc qh? Bjl d Bjcl ek AdLl Bcu
Lla QCz''
Bj hmmj, ""Bj lSC Bfel LR bL MyS-Mhl ehz Bjl Aeld, k Le AhuC Bfel pwmf hb qa
che ez LR Rs cu qmJ Bfel Lcu plLl qNa Lle, ka fh- fLel AdLl Bcu Lla flez
R rjal fNmz rjal Se ae fLe iP caJ flJu Llhe ez''

81

pwmfl no fku
20 jQ pwmfl Ah Sel En Nil laJ eSlm pqhL fmj ez pLm Semj, ilC ae hl qu
NRez 21 alMl BmQeu i nlL qJuu Mhl Se Se Bjl BNq BlJ hs Nmz L 22 J 23 alMJ
al eNm fmj ez Se Nm, la gl Bpl pjul Le WL eCz kMeC Bpe Mh il EWC Qm kez
Bjl Alal A eCz NmVhm hWLl hbal QuJ H pwmfl hbal flZj AeL hn iueL qh hm
Bjl Bn Rm hmC H Alaz
22 jQ nM jSh, CuqCu J il jd BmQeu i po fLn Ll fla fkhrZ Ll cMRe hm flce
fLu cM Nmz 24 alM Bj p emj k, eSlm pqh ka laC gl Bpe al pa kje LlC qL
cM LlhCz aL c'Lmj mM cluel qa cu hmmj, ae BpjC ke ayl qa cuz JcL Bj mL
mNu lMmj ka Bpl pb pbC BjL Mhl cuz Bj pdlZa HNlVl jdC u fsz p la SN
bLl gupm Llmjz la ps hlVu glRe hm Sel pb pbC csmjz
heu fLn Ll hmmj, ""Ha la BfeL hl Lll Se maz qua HMe Mhez'' Bjl qa dl Bn Ll
hmme, ""Bj Mu HpRz Ha la gl hm MuC Bj z Bj Se Bfe LaV ENz'' Bjl Le Lb Sp
Lll fuSe qm ez ae hmme, ""Bjl phaL Q LlR, ka pwmf pgm quz i HL BSh QSz al LbL
CuqCu HaV la e cm pjTau fyR pqS Rmz BmQe BS no qu Nm, hl HMe CuqCul LVz
Bjl al pl Afru BRz''
Sea QCmj, no Lb L qmz hmme, ""3l jQ Bqa NZflocl Adhne fn Lll Se Bjl npeal k
Mps fZue LlRmj a aclL cMmj z 6 cgl mVl WL lM hM ca Nu Hl flV rZ Ll qmJ Bjl
AeL Rs cuR, ka acl fr NqZ Ll ph qkz fLel IL hqm lMl En Bjl phaL fQ
QmuRz Bjl L HVLJ hT e k, Bmc qm Bjcl raC phQu hn qh? HL e bLm Bjcl AdLl
gl fh Lje Ll? nM pqh H hfl MhC pSNz ae je Lle k, Bmc qa QCmC Bjl ilal Ml
fshz Lcu plLl Bjcl qa fJul Se kaVL Lepne cJu ph Bjl cuRz''
ENl pb Sp Llmj, ""eSlm iC Bfe L Bnhc k CuqCu Me je ehe?'' SJuh hmme, ""Bnelnl jTC BRz'' Bjl Qm Bpl Se EWhl ih cM Bjl qa dl Lv BhNl pl hmme, ""Bkj iC,
Bfe h fle hz Bj kc "AEb-hE' (Nfeua lru Juch) e qaj aqm Bjcl fZa npeal
Mps HMe BfeL cMajz cMm Bfe pja qaez Ha la Ln Ahu BjL HaV pju chl Se
BlL Llu Semjz EWhl BN Bj hmmj, ""eSlm iC; BNjLml jd nM pqhl pb BjL LuL
jeVl Se prv Llu ca fle Le? pwmf pgm Lll hfl Bj al pb LR Lb hma QCz'' ae
hmme, Mh LWe, ah Q Llhz
Qa je gl Bpa Bpa je qm k, ae Q Llhe hmme hV, L Hje Bn Ll Bjl WL eu k, haje
flaa ae BjL prv chez

Ah Sel BlJ Q
25 jQ pLm lSeaL Oe qph pjc pqhL ge Ll 10Vu al hpu khl Aeja emjz ae aMe
pCpmhlVll fnC HL hpu bLaez kbpju qSl qmjz he ijLu pwmfl gmgm Sea QCmjz Sel
Se ENJ fLn Llmjz Na la puc eSlm Cpmj k hmme, pjc pqhl hhl jj HLCz ayl no Lb,
""Bjcl fr k Ll ph Rm a LlRz Bjl fLe iPl cua ea QC ez HMe al L Ll cMez''

82

ENa J qanl pl Sp Llmj, ""kc pwmf hb qu aqm Hl flZj L qa flz'' ae SJuh hmme,
""fh- fLel fnpe CuqCul qa eCz cM kL hh L p eez''
Bj pjc pqhL jVC ENZ cMmj ez H ceNa laC Hje iueL flZa qa fl hm Le dlZ ayl
Rm hm HLVJ je quez BjJ dlZ Lla flRmj e k, L qa kRz ah Bj MhC flne Rmjz
plceJ pwmfl gmgm Se Nm ez

pwmfl LaL lafZ Mhl

Seh jSel lqje Qdlm mMa "lSeal aeLm' fL ae jh LlRe, ""cna 24 jQ fk HLV dlZ
Rm k, Bfp jjwp qu khz H k fLel AMa qua VL khz 25 jQ i-CuqCu c'SeC YLu
Rmez hWLl fl Hje HLV ih cMe qu k, jjwp qu NRz''
Seh Am Bqc ayl lQa "Sau lSea 1945-"75' ejL f (478 J 79 f) EM LlRe x
""jSh CuqCu BmQeu ae jpl Se ejmMa ILja faa quRm x
1z pjlL BCe faqlz
2z hwmcn J fQj-fLel hi fcn ehQa faedcl qa rja qlz
3z Selm CuqCu Me fpXV fc hqm bLhez
4z cnlr, hcnL ea (hcnL hZS haa j J fy S fQl eoLlZpq) Rs hL phju rja hwmcn
plLll qa bLhz
5z ae jp fl c'Aml NZfloc pcpNZ npea lQel En eS eS ci l Lll Se fbL fbL
hWL jma qhez alfl pjphml phNq pjde edlZl Se k hWL jma qhz
""H pl Qs lfcel En BJuj mNl alg bL Seh aSe, puc eSlm Cpmj J X. Ljm qpe
Bl fpXV CuqCu Mel fr bL AbeaL Efc Hj Hj Bqjc, hQlfa H hnl Lemup, m. S. flkc
J m.Lem Hj H qpe 23 J 24 jQ hWL jma qez 25 jQ fpXV CuqCu Mel Hacpw Qs ILal
hou OoZl Lb Rmz''
Am Bqc pqh ayl N H houV kih am dlRe a eQuC ae eSl Lmj bL heu eeez L Hje
HLV lafeZ p I pwmf NqZ Ll pJ puc eSlm Cpmj J Seh Bhcp pjc Bjl pb BmQeu H
hou Le EMC Lleez
H 5 cg p qu bLm pwmf pgm quR hm OoZ Ll kaz H p hhua qm Aa ae jpl Se
pVl Ahpe qu kaz fh- fLe BJuj mNl fcnL plLl Qm qu Nm I pjuLl fnpeL pjpl
pjde qu kaz HVL a jVjV HLV jjwpC Ll kuz L H jjwp hhua qa cJu qm ez

nM jSh L ihRme?
25 jQ chNa la k OVm Hje jlaL J iul LR OVhl Bn puc eSlm Cpmj J Bhcp pjc pqh hd
LlRme hm acl pb BmQeu Bj jVC Aeih Llez nM jShl lqje LR ByQ Lla flRme Le
Se kue z ae Le dlZ Ll bLm Aa puc eSlm Cpmja AhnC Sea flaez

83

nM pqh pfL Se ku k, 25 alM plce ae CuqCu Me bL kNkNl Afru Rmez HaC hT ku

k, ae H Sau Le flZaL Lb iha fleez
nM pqh pl fl Sea fle k, CuqCu Me YL aN Ll Qm NRez ayL LRC e hm Hih Qm kJuu
ae hTa flme k, pwmf Le jjwp RsC hb qu Nmz
Am Bqc pqh ayl N jh Lle, ""nM jSh pce L ejjihC e h J fala quRme falL J
QZLlf pjleuL Selm CuqCu LVLnel jlfyQz''

fyQnl chNa la
25 jQ pLm HNlVu Bhcl pjc pqhl hp bL hl qu hsl cL Bphl fb Ala hd LlmJ no
fk L qa kR a Sel Efu My S fmj ez puc eSlm Cpmjl pb kNkNl Q LlJ LbJ fmj
ez lXJl cul dlZ cu bLmj z la 10Vl pwhc fkJ Le Mhl e fu qan qu Ma hpmjz
HNlVu nhl Aipz Le Mhl e fu hReu NmJ Oj Bph e Bn Ll MJul fl fuQl LlRz ps
cnVu cl bL Ljel BJuS ea flmjz fle YLl cL aLu cM Nm BLn mm qu BRz hT Nm
, LbJ hs dlel Be SmRz LR Se ku Le p Se ge Lla QCmjz ge hLm qu BRz
Cnl ejkl fl bL fsl mLcl jM ea fRmj k, nqll h SuNu hlLX cu h mL fbld Ll
BRz la HNlVu Se Nm k, euhSll LWl cLeml Be BLn fk EyQ qu SmRz hTa flmj,
pehqe YL nql BjZ QmuRz fmn hiN a nM jShl euZz al eQuC juce eCz pehqe
Rs lLV J Lje Bl L hhql Llh? lje bel eLV Bjl hsl Vel Qm L HLV Hp fsm z hLV
BJuS qmz Qm bL Nsu L fsR a MyS eu Se Nm k, jVll nml jkha HLV Mmpz
pwmf gm qm LR HLV AOVe OVh hm Bn bLmJ Aeje Lla fle k, L OVhz HMe hT Nm k,
pehqe nql cMm Lll Se n fuN LlRz hqclL cje Lll Se laja k hydu cuRz H
flaa nql hl qu LR Sel Q LlJ ph J elfc je qm ez Ba hReu u bLJ Nm e z L
qR, L qa kR pph Qu jNS Ru BRz
Bjcl hsl pla 8/10V hsz H hsml ElcL Cfqe Lmel cO cum z la 1Vl pju Mhl fmj,
I cum VfL c'Se fmn Bnu euR z al eL lSlhN fmn mCe bL fmu HpRz pehqe fmn mCe
BjZ Ll qaL QmRz fmnl k cL ph fmhl Q LlRz
Ahp Ahu la c'Vu hReu u fsmjz aeV fk Oj Hm ez iha mNmj, CuqCu Me HV L Llme?
lSeaL pjpl L Le pjlL pjde qa fl? hmVl gupmL L hmV cu fVe ku? Hl flZa no
fk L qa fl? ih Lm-Lel fRmj e k, cnl ihov L qa fl?
CuqCu Me fLel AMa lrl ct fau h Ll HLpju hmRme, ""I don't want to preside over the
dissolution of Pakistan" (Bj fLe iPl eaa ca QC ez) AbQ ae hTaC flRe e k, al faV
fcrfC fLeL iPl cLC Wm cRz fLel pwqa lrl En ae LFO OoZ Llme , L a
fuN Llme e z gm hRahccl pqp hs Nm z lSeaL Ae ae pp ld Llme ez gm
elfrih ehQe Aee hb qmez ehQel fl al HLV pJ fLel pwqal fr hm fjZa quez
npea fZuel Se k LlZu Rm Hl hfla LjL Qmmez nM jShl pb al pwmfL pgm Lla prj

84

qme ez 25 alM chNa la k l Ll qm a fLel AMal fr L Ll pquL qh? Hph Q Lla

Lla la aeVu Oju fsmjz
108.

26 jQ pLm
Bjcl jqu aMe Le jpSc Rm ez haje jpScV B HLLih "71 pm al Lle Hhw I hRlC
Ahll no cL fqm ljke bL H eae jpSc ejk fs l qkz "48 pm Bjl HMe hphp l Llz
aMe bLC lje be pwmN HLV fle jpSc ejk fsaj z aMe jpScV "iP' jpSc' ej flQa Rm z
26 jQ I jpSLcC gSll ejk fsl Lb L Bke ea e fJuu hT Nm k, LlgE pLl 6V fk bLu
Bke quez hsaC Sjua gSll ejk fsmjz
iP jpSc fp kMe EWm aMe k hou LR mM kLz jpScV SZnZ AhuC Rmz Bnfn hpa e bLu
hma Nm hle Ahu Bjl "48 pm fuR HLSe Ecio hu mL Hl jaJul chcl Rmez jpScl
fRep cL jpSclC SuNu Ol am pflhl hphp Llaez ae hme k, lje bepq jpScl ae cL
hlV HmL jpScl JuLg-pf Rmz CwlS Bjm Iph SuN plLl cMl Ll euz jpScl fhcL hlV
HL fLl Rm, k Bjl "48 pm cMRz p fLl fl ilV Ll quRz
jpScl fhnll c'fnl cum ae qa fn Rm Hhw CVm j cs C flz H dlel jpSc jpmj
npejml alz mmhN cNl CV Bl H jpScl CVl BLl J fLl HLC lLjz Bnfn Sehpa e bLu
jpSc ph Ju euja ejk qa ez Cjj J jkkkel cua I jaJuC fme Llaez
B Lj Sml Qce bL hcm qu YL Bpm ae H jpScV Bhc Lll hh Llez Hace Bjl euja
5 Ju jpSc kaj ez ae aNc ck BjclL eu jpSc kaez YL Bmu jclpl Ljm Lpl HL
RL jpScl Cjj euN Ll jpScl Slu bLl hh Lle Hhw Bjcl hsa ayl Mhl pkN cJu quz
B SjBl Mahl cua fme Lla bLez
jV lX Mh LRC z pMe bL nrpQh gkm pqh pHpf SjBl ejk Bpaez ae jpScl hfl BNq
qmez jpcl cha jpSc LjV NWe Ll quz gkm pqh LjVl fpXV qa lS qe Hhw BjL LjVl
pVl Ll quz 1950-Hl Xpl lwfl LmS kNcel fh fk Bj H cua fme Llz
"71-Hl eil Bjcl jql Qm qhl fl Bl lje iP jpSc kJu h qu kuz fl jpScVl Bnfn
fmn Agplcl hlV Lme Ns EW Hhw aclC fQu iP jpScVl SuNu haje hn hs jpSc al quz
HMe Hl ej lje be jpSc z lu fn hn LuV cLeOl Llu jpScl u Bul hh quR Hhw HMe HV
HLV faa Sj jpScl jkc iN LlRz

nqll Ah NMa Nmj

Na la YL nql k OVm a Qr cMl Se je Eam qu EWm z XCil BS Bph Le hm ku ez p
fle YLl u hpcz Na lal OVel fl p hl qa pqp Llh Le pVC Bjl Q Rmz WL pLm BVVu
jqjc Bm qkl qu kJuu Mh Mn qmjz acl HmLu aje LR que Semjz
LRf BLal "hLp JuNe' NsV Bjl hNa e qmJ Bjl hsaC lM qaz 1970 pml la Sjual
lLe J hhpu Seh gkme njp eSl H NsV SjuaL ce Lle z H NsV e fm ehQe hRl qph 70

85

pm pwNWeL cua fme Ll LWe qaz jqjc Bm Ns lX Lla Lla Bj e pl emjz XCil Bphl
pju YL hnhcmu HmL qu HpRz al hs bL Bphl fb HVCz p fbjC pcL eu Nmz
hnhcmul qm J nrLNZl hpihel Bnfn clue, fue J Aee 4b nZl LjQll LRV hl ja Ol
hphp Llaz acl AeLC cdl Se Ni foaz Bjl RSheJ qml cluel Nil cd MuRz pMel
k hivp cn QM fsR a hsC AjehL J LlZz H hma el-flo, n, Ni, hRl jl fs BRz aMeJ
pph plhl Le hh quez Lih Hje enwp qaL Qmm a hTa flmj ez ml BOa eqa hm je
quez Be cuJ fsu jl quez hl Sepf fs RC que hV, L Bm qu fs BRz Le lLj Np h
LjLm hhql Ll qu bLa flz
Hlfl euhSl Nmjz fb LbJ LbJ lu h lLnu mn fs BRz hwnm lX bL Cpmjfl kJul NV
ll c'fn LW J Vel h cLe, ph fsu cJu quRz LWl Be aMe ei no quez Vem fs
cjse Ahu fs BRz pMe bL glhl pju hwnm lX cu eJuhfl lX Nmjz eJuhfl bL me
khl fb hn LuV mn lu Hhw lLnu fs bLa cMmjz
lu kehqe aje cM Nm ez mLSel QmglJ hn euz phl Qqlu Ba J OZl ih mr Ll Nmz
phC qahLz Le q Q eCz euhSl kclL cMmj, acl LR bL Se Nm k, m LlaC cC cE Ll
Be Sm EWm z la ps cnVu cLe jeo bLm fs RC qu kaz
k enwp cn cMmj aa je qm k, pehqe ke Le ncn Su Lll Se BjZ QmuRz hq cje
Lll Se LlgE Sl Ll lu kclL fJu ku aclL m Ll qal jLC kb Rmz ha YL jeofL HLpb qa Lll L fuSe Rm ? hno Ll LV LV VLl pfc fsu dwp Lll En L?
BcmeLl R-Sea fmu Balr LlR, Bl eqa quR pdlZ jeoz 25-Hl Lm la pmjq jpmj
qm, Slm qL qm J SNb qm YL Rcl qa Ll Hhw hnhcmu Afp hphpLl nrLcl hpihe YL
AdfLNZL qa Ll hq cjel Se jVC Sll Rm ez L pjlhccl qph Bmcz al kMe qjm Ll
aMe cne qphC dl euz Hl lSeaL fau hhQe Lll ja jeih acl bL ez

HMe L Ll?
1969 pml jQ jp bLC cn pjlL npe QmRz ehQel fhJ pjlL BCe LWlih fuN Ll quez Bl
ehQel fl a hma Nm pjlL npe AhuC Rmz "71-Hl 1 jQ bL hq l qm pjlL BCel
fuN a RmC e; hplLl fnpeJ nM jShl BeNa LlRm z CuqCu plLll hl plcn kMe hq
Rsu fsm aMe CuqqCu-jSh pwmfl pju hql pl AfMu Rmz al de hwmAcn Lujl
Se nM jShl ecnl cL QuRmz 25 jQ pwmfl pgml OoZJ CuqCu Me cme e, pwmf hb
qJul fauu nM jShJ deal OoZ Me cme ez
fh- fLel pjlL BCe fnpL 25 jQ chNa la AaLa YL nql phaL pjlL Aike l Llmez
dea BcmeLl el R-Sea Lih Hl jLhm Llh? HMe k Ll qR a pjlL BCe LWlih
fuNC d eu, laja SeNZl hl kz pwmAf pgm qa e chl gm CuqCu MeL pjlL npe hqm
Lll Se k Ll Rs Bl hLfJ Rm ez H Lb hhQe LlC CuqCuL pwmf kje LlC qL jjwpu fyR
EQa Rmz
HLalg k Qmu c'ceC V Me lSde cMm Ll gmmez dea Bcmel el peL kl, al nql
bL pl ka hd qm z BJuj mN eahcJ BaNfe Lla hd qmez nM jSh 25-Hl chNa laC Nl
qu Nmez

86

Bj qph Ll cMmj k, k l qm jz HMe hql plcn Hl fauu dea Bcme Slcl Llhz
Bl pehqe lSde YL cMml ja pLm Sm J jqLj nql cMm Lll Se k Ahqa lMhz Hl flZa Nu
Lbu cysh a qph Lll Le pd Bjl Rm ez aC H Ahk Bjl J Sjual LlZu L qa fl p
hou iha mNmjz Bjcl pbcl pb kNkNJ I jq a pqS Rm ez 2/3 ce jd LuLSe HLpb hp
fljn Llmjz Bjl HLja qmj k, Bjcl Le ijL fmel pkN eCz HLcL fLe pehqe, AflcL
BJuj mNz H flaa qjual laC h L BR? aC Bjcl H pju Qf Ll Ah fkhrZ Ll Rs LRC
Lll eCz Bj Bjl hNa mChl NRe l Llmjz mMfs LlC pjuV LS mNa qh hm Aeih
Llmjz
fseu jVC jekN ca flmj ez plcn L Ah Sel Se flne hd Llmjz Mhl kNs Lll
Efu L? fL a pjlL euZz d plLlih Aejca MhlC fLu Bpz mLjM kph Mhl fJu ku a
LaVL pWL, Bl LeV Sh a hRC Ll LWez
hi Sm bL Sjual fr bL mL-jlga YLu Mhl Bp l qmz Mhl Se Nm, Smu BJuj mN
ealC hpjlL fnpe euZ LlRz Xp J Hpf acl ecnC je QmRez Abv BCe-nMm lrl Bpmcua acl qa euz ayl AeLV eu Ahu BRez BJuj mN eal k LR LlRe aa ayl AeLV
eu Ahu BRez BJuj mN eal k LR LlRe aa ayl Le Bf Lle ez Hl gm dea Bcmel
peLl plLl ANl me Ll eu jkl fa eRez hwL mV Ll p VL dea Bcme hu Lll
p OoZ LlRez
BlJ Se Nm k, BJuj mNl mLl Sjual mLclL peSl cMR ez Sjua BNNsC 6 cgl
hld bLu Hhw ehQe BJuj mNl hl faca Llu al dl euR k, Sjua acl fr euz
Elhl kph nql hql ej flQa AhPm hphp LlR acl Efl qjm Ll qRz YLu pehqe k
qaL QmuR Hl fand ehl En acl L qa Ll qR Hhw ac pfc mV Ll qRz pMeLl
hpjlL fnpe Ha Le hd cR ez
pehqeJ enwp qaL Qmu Hl fau h LlRz Hih pdlZ jeo c'cL bL bLC qal nLl
qRz pehqe YLl jaC BjZ Qmu Sm J jqLj nql acl euZ Bea bLz

Qlj Aa LVR
I pjuLl Bjl jepL Ahl Lb plZ Llm HMeJ Al ihV SN EWz Sjijl fa jeol imhp
pqSaz Bjl Bq BjL k cn fuc LlRe pVC Bjl cnz Bl Le cn Hl Qu fu qa fl e z H
cnl BlqJuu Ai, H cnl Mc Mu RV bL hs quRz Bjl Sjijl Ea qmC Bjl Eaz cnl
ALmZ qm Bjl LmZ Lje Ll qh? cn Le cL kR, cnl ihov L, haje pVl Ahpe Lih qh,
Lh cn n gl Bph Cac qSl ihe phpju je amfs p LlRz jel H Ahu L Ll fr
mMfs Ll ph? aC Qlj Al jd ce LV kRz
kl hwmcnL Bmc HLV de ll qph Luj Lla Qu al kc d SeNZl ek AdLll Lb hmae,
NZaL plLl Lujl cha Bcme Llae, ehQe SeNZl jeXV je ehl ch amae Hhw Hph ch
Aeuih chu lMl LlZC hd qu deal pwNj Llae, aqm hedu acl b nlL qJu Lah je
Llajz LlZ CuqCu-iQ ehQel fl k BQlZ LlR, Hl fauu deal ch Aa ihLz
Bj fLe Bcme HLSe R-Lj Rmjz jpmj qph Cpmjl Bcn Bjl cn flQma qh p Suhu
E quRmjz N J eqll eaa ila djelfr l Lujl Bcmel hl jpmj Saual ia
87

fLe Bcme Qmz nM jSh, aSe, puc eSlm fLe Bcme Bjl Qu AeL hn pu Rmez BS
al jpmj Saua aN Lll LlZ ilal abLba djelfrahc Lujl Se hwmAcnL de Lla
QRez pjSaJ acl HLV hs nNez djelfr jahc J djho pjSaL l qph hwmAcnL Nsl
XL Bjl ps cJu L ph? Bjl Dje L Hl Aeja cu?
k Bcn Lujl En Sjua Cpmj Bcme LlR, de hwmcnJ p Bcme Llu Le pjp p e
qm Le LbC Rm e z L Cpmjl pfZ hfla jahc Lujl En u Bcme QmR a pgm qm de
hwmcn Cpmj Bcme AhnC hBCe OoZ Ll qhz
QNj LmlOV Vpjne J lpfne pVl Hhw BNhc hXLVw Vne cMm Ll 27 jQ "jSl Su hmR' hm
dea pPNjl Bqe Seez HVC Nil AlZ eu Nu de hwm hal Lc qph Qm Ll qkz H hal Lc
jlga Se ku k, BJuj mNl ehQa eal LmLau pjha quRez Ha faC hT Nm k, ilal
pqk-pqkNa euC dea Bcme Qmhz HVC ihL Rm CuqCu Me aclL k fb Wm cuRe,
aa HRs EfuC h L Rm?
HMe Bjl je Bl HL fn hlV BLl cM cm z ilal pqkNau hwmcn fLe bL fbL qu paLl
dea mi Llh L ? fLe iPl H jqpkN ila a ihL LlZC mg ehz fLel Qlcnje ila
hwmcn heu ch Le b? mX LCil pqk jl Sgl Bm Me plSmL qa Ll hwml lJuhl Nc
cMm Ll VLa flee Le? Bjl L aqm lJumfl Nmj bL j qu c Nmj qa kR? Iph Qihe eu A J Apqlal jd 7/8 ce LV Nmz

jmi glc Bqjc Hme

3 Hfm Le kNkN RsC qWv ekj Cpmj fVl Lcu pVl Selm Bjl Oe BcnL h pLm 9Vu
Bjl hsa Bpmez Bjl Mhl L Sp Llmez Bj kph Q-ihe eu Aa BR a pwrf Semjz
ae hmme, ""Bjcl L LRC LlZu eC?'' SJuh hmmj, ""Bj a LlZu LRC amn Ll fR ez'' ae
hmme, ""Bjl k ilal Nmj qa kRz'' hmmj, ""CuqCu Me cnL pcLC a Wm cmez'' ""cnl SeNZ
L ilal Nmj Qu?'' hmmj, ""SeNZ a Bfel Bjl pb euz SeNZ kclL faedl cua cuR, Bl k
Llh SeNZ a je ea hd qhz''
Hih LRrZ fn J fV fn Qml fl ae hmme k, Seh elm Bjel hsa ae J jpmj mNl MS
Mule Na la HL hWL jma qu LlZu pfL BmQe Llez ayl eL HLjq qe k, V Mel pb prv
Ll fuSez Bj Sea QCmj. "" H pral En L?'' ae hmme, ""Hih pdlZ jeo qa Ll qm SeNZl
jd Hl k hlf fau qR a aL hTl clLlz''
Bj LRV hpa qu Sea QCmj, ""H pral EcN L euR?'' SJuh hmme, ""BjlJ prv Ll fuSe
je LlR, V MeJ fLel AMau hnp eacl pb BmQe Lla Qez'' hTmj k, Selm V MeC
EcN euRez Bj hmmj, ""CuqCu Me nM jShl pb Bfp jjwpu e ku kMe jlaL p euRe
aMe a Bfecl pb pljn Ll fuSe je Lleez V Me Bfecl pjbe AhnC QChez pjbe Lla
flhe?'' ae hmme, ""BfeJ Qme, ae L hme, Bjl ez'' hmmj, Bj kh e, Bfel kez Bfecl LR
bL ayl hh el fl hTa flh ae L Qez'' ae hmme, elm Bje pqh hme k, Bjl kl HLpb
fXHj-H LS LlR acl phC jmC kJu imz'' hmmj, ""BjL pju ce, pbcl pb fljn e Ll p
eh ez'' ae Seme, ""BNjLm (4Hfm) pLm 10Vu pral pju ec Ll quRz BjL lal jd
Sehez''

88

jJme Bhcl lqj 26 alMC Njl hsa Qm NRez Bhcm MmL pqhJ YLu Aefaz YL nql Bjl
Mllj jlcl pbC fljn Llmjz Bjl HLja qmj k, cM Ll ku, ah d ehl Se Le LbuC pu cJu
kh ez
laC glc pqhL Semjz ae hmme k, pLm ps 9Vu elm Bje pqhl hsa phC HLa qu
HLpb khz
V Me k hmhe a a eaC kRz L ayL L L hm ku a je je WL Ll emjz
109.

Selm V Mel pb prv

fh- fLel jnm m' HXjeVVl m. Selm V Me aMe LVejVC bLez Niel qph cua NqZ
Llm Niel qESC Bjl kaj z Niel qph nfb euRe Le Se ez pLm ps e'Vu Seh elm Bjel
hsa ku Semj k, BjclL peehp ka qhz glc pqh J MS pqh LRrZ fl fyRmez
H pral pkN V MeL LaL Sll fn Lll pkN fh-HVC Bjl fde En z lJue qhl BN LuL
LuL jeV 4 Se HLpb hp Ahu Bj elm Bje pqhL hmmj, ""Bfe L je Lle k, pjlL n fuN
Ll fLeL ILh lM ph? Le pjlL Efu fh J fQj-fLe HL l flZa quez k Qaeu aMe
IL p LlRm a no qu NRz HMe lSeaL pjTal jdjC IL Luj lM EQa Rm''z
ae hmme, ""Bjl a Le "gl' eCz V Me L hma Qe ez'' Bjl lJue qmjz V Me ayl Agp
BjclL pcl NqZ Llmez H prv aylC EcNz aC Ahm ae Lb hm l Llmez he ijLuC hmme,
""Na HL jp YLu Le plLl eCz jnm m' faql Ll quez AbQ Le BCeC fuN Ll kRm ez fpXV
BjL pjlL BCe hqm Lll ecn cuRez Bfel SeNZl eaz BCe-nMm hqm lMu SeNZ ka
pqkNa Ll p hou Bfel SeNZL fljn ca flez'' H Lb hm ae bjmez
hup plm Bje pqh phl jlz Afl c'SeJ hup Bjl Qu LR hsz al LR hmRe ez Cajd Q-e
Hp NRz ayl Qul fumu qa hsmez Bj jlcl cL aLmjz ae QMl Cnlu BjL hml Aeja
cme je qmz Bj hmmj, ""Selm pqh; ehQel gmgmL fuN Lla cm BCe-nMm hqm bLaz''
p p ae hm EWme, ""H Lb fpXVL hmez Bj lSeaL hou LR hma AflNz''
Bj hmmj, ""BfeL m c'HLV fn Lla QC, k lSeaL euz'' ae hmme, "JumLj'z hmmj, ""BCenMm hqm Lll Se L LV LV VLl pf fsu chl fkSe Rm? ae hmme, ""Hhl HffuV fn
LlRez Caxfh LlgE Efr Ll Rl kih juce ejR Hhw kih al I la lu hlLX cu
qSl qSl Sjua quRm aclL BaN Ll l bL pl khl SeC H f Ahme Ll quRz fb
fb LR lLnJumL qa Ll Hhw LbJ LbJ Be mNu ia p Ll e qm qSl qSl jmhe She
en Lla qaz hlV pwML R-SeaL hyQhl SeC H hh Lla quRz''
pkN fu Bhl fn Llmj, ""Rcl qm YLJ aclL qa Ll L clLl Rm?'' hmme, ""Bjcl lfV
Aeku LaL pn hq pMe Rmz pMe AfpwML RC eqa quRz''
Hhl glc pqh HLV lafZ Lb hmme, ""Bfel peLl plLl ecnl Aal LR hshs Llm p
hou kc Bfecl c BLoZl pkN ce Lle aqm Bfel fnpeL cej bL lru Bjl pqk Lla
flz''
89

ae H fh pcl NqZ Llmez pMe Efa hNXul lJ glje Bm MeL ecn cme k, fuSeu pLm
ge el ayclL cu ce, ka kMe fuSe je Lle kNkN Lla flez Selm V Me BjclL
pral Se Llu Seu hcu cmez hNXul lJ glje Bm Me Bjcl pb hp Bmf l Llmez
V Mel Ll lr J elpz al Qqlu Le Ljeua eC, hlw LWl ihC mrZuz Hl pfZ hfla lJ glje
Bm Mez Em glp lw Hhw j Qqll pb ej L J Aa pSejmL BQlZ ae Bjcl pb LuL jeVl
jdC Oe qu Nmez ayl pb plpl kNkN Lla Aeld Seme Hhw fuSeu LuLV ge el cmez
Selm pqhl XCl geJ cmez
V MeL BlJ LuLV fn Lll Rm z glc pqh Lb hml fl fpC hcm Nm hm Bl pkN fmj ez
HlflC ae hcu qu Nmez H fnm HMe lJ pqhL Lle hm l Llmjz Bjcl pb Oe qhl fl ae
Bpm Lb ammez hT Nm k, Bjcl pb pral EnC BJuj mNL iV cuRz al fLe bL
Bmc qa Qu ez al ilaLJ h je Ll ez BJuj mN HMe ilal pqk eu fLe bL hR qa
Q Llhz hR qm k ilal Nmj qa qh SeNZL HLb hThl kNa Bjcl eCz Bfel ea qph
SeNZl eLV flQaz Bfel Hph Lb hTu hmm SeNZ pqSC NqZ Llhz Bfel lXJa ioZ cm jeol
Le Lbm fyR khz H ioZ Ahm SeNZl eLV fyR clLlz aC Bjcl ioZ lLX Lll hh HMeC
Ll quR, ka BSC fQl Ll ph quz''
ae Lbm Hje QjvLlih BhNl pb fn Llme k, Seh elm Bje ioZ lLX Llhl Se lS qu
Nme Hhw ayL H En Ae eu Nm z hL c'SeJ pja qmez aycl c'SeLJ ioZ lLX Lll Se eu
Nmz Bj hmmj k, H jqa Bj fa eCz ioZ mMa BLl al Ll Rs Bjl Lb pcl Ll HMe Ru
hma flh ez Hih Bj pju emj HhP pbcl pb fljn Lll pkN fmjz
ayl gl Hm HLpbC Bjl glh hm Bj lJ pqhl pb Oeih Lb hml pkN fu Nmjz Bj
hmmj, ""Bfe k hmme a MhC kfZz L H fla Le p Ll qm? ehQel flflC kc NZflocl hWL
XL cJu qa aqm pjTau Bphl Tjm lSeaL eaclC fqa qaz fpXV plpl lSeaa e
SsmC pV bL hyQ bLa flaez'' ae Le jh Llme ez ayL HL fu BlJ hmmj, ""fpXV kc
nM jShl pb Bfp Ll eae aqmC phcL lr faz SeNZ ehQe kph eaL iV cue acl ioZ
aclL LaVL fiha Llh? lSeaL pjpl pjde L pjlL fu qu''z Bj HLalg Lb hmR, Bl ae
elh jekN cu emez ae LRC hmme ez BjLJ Qf Ll ka qmz
aMe ioZ lLX Ll ayl gl e Bpu HhP lJ pqhl HLalg Lb hm hha Ll WL qR e je Ll Bj
hcu qu Qm Hmjz

jlc pqhl pb fljn

IceC hLm jlc pqhl pb kNkN Ll fcnL jSmp nll YLu Ahela pcpcl pb jma qmjz
fcnL pVl Seh Bhcm MmL aMeJ YLu gleez jJme Bhcl lqj Lcu euh Bjl qmJ
fcnL jSmp nlu ayL Efa bLl Se Aeld Ll quz aeJ fcnL jSmp nlu ayL Efa bLl Se
Aeld Ll quz aeJ aMe YLu Aefaz k LuSe fljnl Se hpmj acl jd Bj Rs phC Eci
oz Bj
hmmj, ""SeNZL pde Ll LR hml ja Lb Bj amn Ll fR ez aRs SeNZl eLV Bjl jkc L-Ch BR? H LWe flaa L hm ku? pe Aikel hl LR hmm a fQl Llh ez Hl pjbe a hml fnC
EW ez BJuj mN h dea Bcmel hlJ LR hm jVC EQa euz aqm L hm kh?""

90

Seh elm Bjel ioZ

Bjl phC HLja qmj k, Ae aeSel ioZ lXJa e Bhl fljn hpa qh laC elm Bje pqhl
ioZ lXJa emjz fLe Bcme HLSe ea qph ae 40 LV ilahpl jd 10 LV jpmjecl k
hlV aNl gm fLe Luj quR pwrf p Caqp hmmez BJkj mN ea nqc pqJucl EM Ll
ae hmme, ayl hm eaa e qm hPm jpmjecl naLl 97 iN iV fLel fr Bpa ez "46-Hl
ehQe hPm jpmjecl iVC fLe BcmeL phQu hn n kNuRz
MhC pclih Ru Bl hmme k, fLel SepwMl naLl 56 Se fh-fLez SeNZL pde Ll hmme
k, BfelC fLel Bpm nz fQj-fLeC j naLl 44 Sez fLel fmjVl jlcl jd fhfLeC pPMNl z Na ehQe Bfel fmjVl 162V Bpel jd 160V BpeC nM jShl lqjel qa
am cuRez Bj 1V Bpe hSu quRz palw BS qL Lm qL fLel fdej aeC qhez Bl LE qh
ez ae hhl Sm NuRez faL hlC BlJ hs ea qph Sm bL hl qu HpRez HMe Bhl Sm
BRez LE ayL Qlce BVL Ll lMa flh ez
ae fLel fdej qu Bjcl AdLl Bcu Lla QuRmez ae fLe bL hR qa Qeez QCm
ae BaNfe Ll ila fmu kae, aSl CRu Nl qae ez
aC Bfel dk dl Afr Llez cn BCe-nMm hqm qmC Bjcl ea nM jShl lqje Sm bL hl qu
Bphe Hhw fLel fdej qu fh- fLel ph ch flZ Llhez

jmi glc Bqjcl ioZ

ae Aa BhNju iou SeNZL ilal hl paL bLl Bqe Seez ayl hh fcea ilal hlC Rm
1947 pml ila hiNL HMeJ ila je eu ez fLeL dwp Lll Q ph pjuC Ll HpRz haje
fLe k lSeaL pV QmR H pkN ila BjclL pqk Lll ej H cnL cMm Lla Q Llhz
jpmjel acl Nmj bL hyQl SeC fLe Luj LlRz Bjl Bhl acl Nmj qa QC ez ilal Ml
bL BjclL phde bLa qhz
glc pqh AeL LbC hmmez ila hiNl CaqpJ EM Llez ah al ioZl pl-LbVLC Efl am
dlmjz ae ehQe, BJuj mN J nM jSh pfL LRC hmme ez SeNZ ke ilaL h je e Ll Hhw
ilal pqk pqkNaL falZ je Ll H houC ae Sl cuRe, ka ila H cn cMm Lla e flz
MS Mulel ioZl Eal fuSe hd LlR ez jpmj mN ea qph aeJ Seh elm Bjel jaC
fLe Lujl Caqp J ilal ijL BmQe Ll SeNZL paL bLl Bqe SeuRez aeJ BJuj mN J
nM jSh pfL LRC hmeez ayl ioZ I c'Sel jTjT dlel Rmz

ioZl fkmQe
c'cel jd aeSel ioZ lXJa LuLhl fQla quRz elm Bje pqhl ioZC hlhl fQl Ll quRzz
H ph ioZ ehl fl Bjl Bhl fljnl Se hpmjz ioZml fkmQe Llmjz
Cajd hNXul lJ glje Bm Vmge c'hl BjL aNc cuRe ioZl Sez H Lb pbcl Semjz
ioZ chl hfl Bj jVC BNq hd LlRmj ez L hml ihJ fRmj ez HMe k-C hmh a qu plLll
fr, Bl e qu hfr flz hfr hh cJu qm BjlJ plLl ekael nLl qh HhP p hh lXJa
91

fQl LlJ qh ez cupl NRl hh cmJ flrih BJuj mNl hl hm NZ qhz aMe Bjl acl
AaQll nLl flZa qu ka flz Bjcl Se Eiu pVz lSeaL juce ph pjuC H lLjCz lSeaa
pfZ elfr bLl Efu bL ez bLl Q Llm c'frl qaC jl Ma qkz
Hph LlZC Bjcl fr Le p fyR LWe je qmz Hl jd "Bj HLne' hfcN jeo Bnul pe
Bjl LR Hmz aclL pqk Lla qm glje Bm Mecl LRC dlZ ca qhz SeNZ aMe Apquz acl
ehQa eal ila Bnu euRz hjf ealJ ila fmuRz ehQe HLj Sjua CpmjC faca
LlRz aC SeNZ BJuj mNl fl SjuaLC lSeaL cm qph Qez haje flaa BJuj mN
pjpN jeoL Le pqk Lla flR ez aC jeo I ae ea J Sjua Cpmjl LRC Bpa hd qRz
Mhl Bpa mNm, pehqe k Sm nqlC qjm Qmu, pMe hfcN mLl Sjua eacl LRC pqk
Quz Bjl aclL Lje Ll pqk Lla fl? Bjl V MeLJ pjbe Ll ez
Bjl kc BJuj mNl haje Bcme njm qC aqm Bjcl pLm cuanmLC ila Bnu ea qhz Bjl
ilahld qph flQa hm ila khl fbJ Bjcl Se hz pMe Bjcl elfl Le Bn eCz Bjl
Eiu pV fs Nmjz

no fk k p ea hd qmj
Bjl phcL hhQe Ll k p fyRa hd qmj a qm x
H cn Bjcl Sjijz BqC BjclL H cn fuc LlRez Bjl cn Rs Lbu kl? BjclL HMeC
hyQa qh, HMeC jla qhz djelfrahc J pjSa Lujl Bcme nlL qa Bjcl Dje Aeja cu
ez cn de qm djelfrhc J pjSacl ekae pq LlC BjclL Cpmj Bcme Qmu ka qhz
fLeJ pLm plLll BjmC Bjl ekaa quRz Cpmj hSu e qJu fk H AhC Qma bLhz
ehQel fl CuqCu Me il pb Baya Ll k lSeaL jqpV p LlR, Bjl hl hl Hl fahc LlRz
lSeaL pjpl p Ll pjlL plLl nfuN Lll k ea Ahme LlR a Bjl LRaC pjbe Lla
fl ez LlZ H l lSeaL pjp BlJ SVm qa bLhz pjlL Aikel gm SeNZ k Apqu Ahu fs
Bjcl LR BpR BjclL kbpd acl fn cysa qhz H flaa SeNZl pje Mcja Lla qmxJ
pjlL plLll pb kNkNl jdjC a phz kl Le pV fs Bjcl LR Bp aclL a bL El
L Llh? plLlC d El Lla flz SeNZ Lih plLll eNm fh? palw H Sau Mcja Lla qm
plLll LRC ka qhz
Bjl hd qu p emj k, V Mel pb pral jdj ayl plLll pb k kNkN quR a hSu
lMC H Sau ph Lla qhz aC cupl NRl HLV ioZ lXJl Se e cm plLll pb kNkN Lll
fbC h qu khz ioZl HLV XgV al Ll pbcl emjz Ha ehQe, BJuj mN, dea Bcme,
pjlL Aike Cacl Le EM e Ll ila jpmjecl ccnl hhlZ cu ila k jpmjecl h qa fl
e a fjZ Llmjz Bjcl haje lSeaL pVl pkN Bjcl h pS ila H cn cMm Lla Quz Ha kc
al pgm qu aqm BjclLJ ilal jpmjecl jaC ccn iN Lla qhz aC SeNZL H hfl paL
bL BahnLz hl hl pwnde Ll Le lLj HLV Mps cys Lle qmz
Bjl lXJ ioZ pjlL plLl pj e qmJ BJuj mN jqml hTa hm qke k, Bjl acl hldz
lXJa H ioZ fQll fl plcnC Sjual pb Ssa phC BJujcl jLl pjMe quz

Sephl HLV EcqlZ

92

cfl 2Vl pju Ma hpR qWv Ll BJuS fJu Nm z hlcu HL jqm hmf LlRez EW Nmjz 40-Hl
ja hupl HL p jqm BjL cM gyfu gyfu hlme, ""iCSe Bjl jL jl gmhz Bfe aL
hyQe z'' pe cu hmmj, L quR hmez hmme, Na la 12Vu Bjl jL Bjl mLl hsa Hp dl eu
NRz fNml ja pLm bL La SuNu Nmjz AeLC Bfel LR Bpa hmu Bpmjz
al jl ej J flQu emj z pk ju XL ejz Bpm ej pha pCgez gV Lp LVl z nM jShl Bau z
BlJ Semj pk ju Bjl RV iNfa jNhSll LS pqhl pb pfL Mma iCz LS pqhL ge Ll
Semj k, MhC im mLz lSeal dl LRJ eCz nM jShl Bau qJu Rs al Bl Le Afld eCz
LS pqh bL pVgLV fu hNXul lJL ge Llmjz ae hmme, Bj HrZ Mhl eRz hLm ae
Seme, jkcl pwNWL qph pcq Ll aL dlRz Bj cuanmL Bfel lglp cuRz BNjLmC
Rs chz
Bj aL hNaih Qe e, Le ce aL cMJez LS pqhl pVgLV e fm p pC pfln Llaj
ez BlJ MyS-Mhl ea qaz
fll ce cf l pk ju Bjl hsa qSlz hmme, QMhyd Ahu aL Sf bL HL peL mb al ll
fn gm cu Nmz mb jll pju eL hmm, Le Nmj Bkj eL pfln LlR, k hyQ Nmz
hmme, lu fs hyn qu Nmjz yn qm Qu cM pLV qESl ll fn fs BRz qal Cnlu lLn
XLmjz Bfel hsaC fum fyRmjz Bj hsa kl ez Bjl LuLV pue ju BRz Bjl ioZ iu
mNRz Bfel hsaC Jcl bLl hh Llez Ha mLl SuN Bjl hsa Rm ez al 4 juL Bjcl
HL Ljlu jpMelL lMl fl Bjl fnl hs Bjl RV iC Ceul Nmj jLlljl cam Mm qm ae
I hp is Ll juclL pMe lMmez
pk juL Nl Ll eu Nu ayl fa k AjehL BQlZ Ll quR a hNXul lJL Semjz hmmj, Nl
Ll clLl qm Llh, L Hje BQlZ ka e Ll p ecn chl fljn cljz ae Bnp cmez
"71-Hl 16 Xpl kMe YL nql hlV j hqe Sjua qu aMe Bjl hsa jqml Bnu Bjl RV iC X.
Nmj jukkjl hs Rm jeuj HLV Sf kNs Ll Bjl B, Bj, J RmclL eu Le Bau
hsa Bnu ehl Se lJue qhl pju I LS pqhl hs iC cmJul ju aclL I pk jul hsa Bnu
ehl fljn cmez ceuaC Hih EfLll face fJu Nmz
pk ju HMeJ hyQ BRez fle fVe ayl pC hsaC ae HMeJ bLez
110.

CuqCu plLll lkLl hqe NWe

haje fmn hqel pquL n qph Bjcl cn kje Bepl hqe BR, CuqCu plLl aje HL hqe
NWe Llmz Hl ej lM qm "lkLl'z H nV cV glp nl pjeu NWaz "lk' je p h Mn, Bl "Ll'
je LSz "lkLl' je k eSl Mna h CRu LS Llz hwmu Hl Ab qm 'RphL'z CwlSa hm qu
"imVul'z Ec a H AbC lkLl nV hhql Ll quz
haje hwmcn kclL be ehq-Agpl (VHeJ) hm qu, 1971 pm aclL pLm Agpl hm qaz
plLl H pLm Agplcl jdj qV-hSl Ym fVu SeNZl jd bL HLV ec huppj Aeku mL
pwNq Ll aclL "lkLl' qph euN cuz aclL pje iaJ cJu qaz
93

lkLl hqe Sml fmn pfl J bel clNcl euZ LS Llaz acl qa Le BNu cJu quez d
mWC acl qaul Rmz aclL fdea fql chl LSC hhql Ll qaz kph SuNu jkcl qjml
Bn Rm pMeC aclL fql chl Se cua cJu qaz
plLl fmn hqel HLwn kk nlL qJuu fuASeu pwML fmnl Aih Rmz aC fqlu ek
fmncl pb lkLllJ fql caz h SuNu hcLdl fmn cJu ph qa ez pph SuNu mWdl
lkLllC cua fme Llaz
pn fL-pecl Ns QmLm hO p Lll En jkl ll fm J LmiV hj cu Esu caz aC
faV fm J LmiVL acl BjZ bL lr Lll Se lkLl fql caz jkl BNu eu Bp hm
LR pwML lkLll Se fm fql chl En hcLl hhJ Lla quz
nr fae ka WLja mMfs Qm, p Se pMeJ fqlu lkLlclL LS mNe quz jkl nr
fae khL J Lnl hupl RmclL jk kNce Lll Se E Lla Bpaz al ke Bpa e fl p
cL mr lMl cua lkLll fme Llaz HLC LlZ YL nqlpq Sm nqlml qVmJ lkLll fql
caz
CmL pfC ka hdN e qu p Se lkLll ph fql caz Hih kaMe kkcl BjZl Bn
Rm phMeC fql chl fuSe cM cmz Hih plLlL jeu lkLlcl pwM hsaC bLa qmz
Ha Hje HL fla p qm k, jeL cL cu luLl J jkl HL Afll fafr J cnje flZa
qu Nmz lkLll jkclL cnl cnje je Lla mNmz LlZ al cMa fR k, jkl ila
bL Vew, A J hj eu Hp eeih eSl cnl ra LlRz AflcL jkl kl Lnm qph H ph
Ll cmMcl fL pecl qa bL jai jL de Lll EnC Iph LS LlRz
LMe Mhl fC k, AjL SuNu jkl HaSe lkLlL eqa LlRz Bhl Mhl Bp k, AjL fm hj cu
Esu ca Hp HaSe jk dl fsRz HLce Se Nm k, hMphSl Bmu jclpl hfla fnl
jXLm LmS qVml NV fqlla c'Se lkLlL cel hm m fl HLSe mL hSl-hN Ll Be
VeNe cu m Ll jl elfc Qm Nmz

SeNZl jeih
nra jqml jeih, Bl SepdlZl jeih HL lLj Rm ez nra mLcl jd kl djelfr lSeal
Aepl al jqMnz al cMa fm k, ila plLl jkclL Vew J An cu plpl pqk LlRz
aC ila hwmcnl flj hz al H Bnu ce e QmRe k, ilal ja hs cn kMe cua euR aMe cn
de qhC qhz nracl jd kl ilaL h je Lla flRme e, ila plLll hNa BQlZ kl ilaL
hnp Ll ph je Llee, al Mh hha hd Llmez acl je Bn cM cm k, ila BjclL fLe
bL Bmc Ll acl LrNa Ll eh e a? HC a Nm nra jqml Lbz
pdlZ jpmj SeNZl jeih 1971-Hl jTjT fk HL lLj Rmz alfl jeih flhae Bpa mNmz
SeNZ acl ek AdLl qpm Lll Se nM jShl qa fLel rja am ca QuRmz
kMe jk l qu Nm HhP SeNZ Sea flm k, ila hwmAcnL fLe bL Bmc Lll Se
jkclL Vew cR aMe al du fs Nmz IaqpL LlZC SeNZ ilaL jpmjecl h hm je

94

Ll ez HMeJ hwmcnl jpmje SepdlZl H jeih kbeC hqm BRz aC SeNZ iheu fs Nmz
fLe iP kL a SeNZ aMeJ Quez
L SeNZl jd fLel pehqel BQlZ ah fau p qa mNmz jkcl hju Le pa dwp
qu Nm Bnfnl NjmL Smu chl gm fL pehqel hl ah hri p qmz acl k qm k,
Njhpl jkclL Bnu cu hmC enLa Lla prj qRz Njhpcl hh qm k, jkl An
eu Hp acl hsa EWm aclL ashl Le pd a acl eCz H LlZ NV NjL Smu chl fr
Le k bLa fl ez
YLl Bnfnl Njma jk J acl pqkNcl amn pehqe Aike Qmaz h Njl OVe
Bjl fV je BRz gSll ejkl flflC pehqe NjV OlJ Ll gmmz jCL J jNge OoZ Ll
qm k, 10 hRll hn hupl pLm flo AjL jW qSl qu kJz mLl ia-p qu jW Sj qu Nmz
OlJ fh no qhl fl I HmLl hpc Sjua Cpmjl Lj Bm qe Bjl hsa Hp lfV cmez jW
pjhacl jd aeJ Rmez ae Qnd hupl Rmez hmme, jW Efa pLmL plh qu cys Lle qm
15 bL 25 hRll Lnl J khLcl Bmc qu cysa hmmz HclL Rs hL phCL kl kl hsa Qm ka
hm qmz Hcl jd kclLC pcq qm aclL Sphcl Se dl eu Nmz
Hih eRL pcql nLl kl qm acl flhlC d eu, NV hhp Qljih hr qmz kl pehqel
pje hldJ Rm e alJ jkcl flj h qu Nmz HihC fL pel acl Ljeal l
SeNZL farih dea Ql cL Wm cmz
Bhcm qe pqh Hje HLV Mhl cme, k phQu jlaLz flol ph jW Sj qhl fl LaL peL hsa
hsa an Qmmz Le flo mLu BR Le a cMC eL Enz flol jW Qm Bpl fl jqml a
HjeaC Baa Rm k, acl mLcl h e L quz kMe flocl Aefaa pel hsa YL hmm, jul
ajcl kl kl Ol Nu LlBe fsz jqml Qm Nmz acl jd HLSeC kha J pcl Rm z qe pqhl
mr Llme k, peLV alC fRe fRe kRz ae Aa Qa qmez LRrZ fl ae I jqml Ol ku
cMe k p jVa NsNs cu LycRz qe pqh QMl fe gm hmme k, I juV fSuV Hhw j HLjp
BN fQjh bL hhqa qu elfc Shel Bnu fLe HpRez
Bj aMe aMeC glje Bm MeL ah ril pb OVeV Semjz Cajd ae fjne fu jSl Selm qu
NRez ae hmme, ""Bj HrZ pLV qES AjL hNXulL SeRz hNXull ejV je eCz ae BjL
ge Ll hmme k, Bj HMe HLSe LVeL pMe fWRz fb Qeu eu khl Se Le mL ca fle
Le? Bj hmmj, Bfe aL lje bel pje Bpa hmez Bjl hs amn Lla Lla cl qu ka flz
Bj I Njl mLLC pb ca flh z qe pqhL eu 2/3 jeVl jdC bel NVl pje lu LVel
hSfl HL mLL c'Se peLpq Sf fmjz ae BjL cMC Sf bL ej Aa heul pb hmme, ""kc
AfldL Qqa Lla fl aqm I jqml pjeC aL m Ll jl qhz'' ae qe pqhL Sf am eu
Nmez
fl qe pqh bL Semj k, LVe I jqmL Aa heaih hmme, ""kl HMe XEVa Rm aclL
Bfel pje qSl Lla QCz Bfe I fL Qqa Lla flhe Le? jqm jb es Arja fLn Llmez
ae hlhl hmme, ""aclL Bfel pje eu Bpl Aeja cez'' jqm hl fLn Ll hmme, ""Bj a
iu J OZu QM h LlC Rmjz Bj L I nuael Qql cMR?'' LVe hmme, ""Bfel Efl k kmj Ll
quR Hl faLl aqm Lje Ll Ll kh?'' jqm hmme, ""H Njl k RmmL dl eu NR, aclL
Rs cez Hl Le co Llez'' H jqml BhNl fa pje cMu RmmL pceC Rs cmz H OVeu NV
Njhp qe pqh J I jqml fa Nil Laa fLn LlRz

95

I Nj pce H HLV jqml pbC fnh BQlZ Ll quRz L H Sau BQlZ HLSe elfl LlZ NV
pehqeC L Lma qm e? el doZ Hje HL SOe LS k, H Sau OVel pwM kC qL fL-hqe Hl gm
hfLih SeNZl B qlm z jeo Me Lll QuJ eldoZ AeL hn hlf fau p LlRz
HLce Bj jSl Selm glje Bm MeL SeNZl jd doZl ah fau Sem ae cxM fLn Ll hmme,
""H LlZC ph cn pehqeL hlL lM quz SeNZl pb juce eju cJul LlZ H Sau LR OVe
OV kRz ph cnC cM ku k, pehqeL juce Rs cm Hje Ah quz'' Bj hmmj, ""haje flaa
Hl Qlj fau p qR Hhw SeNZ fLe-hld qu kRz aRs pehqe Bql pqkJ qlRz'' ae
qan fLn Ll hmme, ""pehqel eaL jel Eue Rs aclL SeNZl jd LRaC Rs cJu EQa
euz''

Bjl jepL fau

1971-Hl I ceml Lb je qm HMeJ ke qcu lrlZl Aeia SN EWz lkLll jkclL ilal
cmm hm Nm caz Bl jkl lkLlcl fhcl Nmj hm OZ fLn Llaz Bjl je hsC hce
hd qaz
i J CuqCu Mel hl Bjl je hou EWaz Hl eaC hNa b hnl hqj jpmj lLL iP
chl osk Llmz hno Ll fh- fLeL hRal cL Wm cu HLcL fLel Qlcnje ilaL
Bdfa hll jqpkN Ll cm, AflcL hPm jpmjeclL ilaf J ila-hld ijL fme Lla
hd Ll acl jd hld p Llmz
fh- fLel SeNZl jd fQj-fLel ja nu-p hldJ kje Rm e, fh, p, fWe J hmQl
ja Le hiaJ Rm ez iol cL cu a fZ IL RmC; djl cu fbL bLmJ Le pfcuL
msCul flhn Rm ez 70-Hl ehQe SeNZl jd Le fLl lSeaL pwOaJ cM cuez nfZihC
ehQe pf quRz
i J CuqCu Q ehQe SeNZl pf lul fa pje pje fcneJ Llm ez hmVl gupmL hmV cu
chu lMl SOe p Ll NZaL qa Llmz HclL L Le pwuC jeo hm Qm? acl jd pje
jpmjea bLmJ Hje Aeu p ea fla ez 1947 pm fh J fQj-fLeL k n ILh Ll HL
l flZa LlRm, p ia a fLel npLl 23 hRl Qljih chm
Ll gmRmC, H Q p
ijmLC dwp Ll cmz
Bj ihaj k jkclL ilal cmm hm Nm cmC L acl cnfj jb qu kh? Hl Le iha ku
kl Vew ea hd qm? ehQel fl nM jShL fdej qa cm L acl iha khl Le fuSe qa?
Hl L nM Ll jk pSR? i J CuqCu Sl LlC fh- fLeL jkl cL Wm cuRz H LQC
Bjcl Efl jk Qfu cuRz
AflcL kl ilal Nmj qu khl Bnu jk nlL qa flm e, aclL fhcl cmm hm hf
LlmCz L acl cnfj jb qu kh? k lkLll cnL enLajmL avfla bL lrl Se She cR al
L cnL imhe e? al L Sjial cnje qa fl? Hph iheu ra-hra qu i-CuqCul fa Qlj OZ
hd Llajz
Ha hs cxMSeL fla Hshl Se k LlZu Rm, a Lla hb qll Se nM jShLJ Bj cu je Lla
hd qajz Caxfh ayl pfL Bj BmQeu mMR k, ayl ja hs eal k clc bL EQa Rm Hl hsC
96

Aih Rmz NmVhm hWL hb qm k Bhl pjlL npel jpha Bpa fl a kje ae hTa flee,
CuqCul pb ayl pwmf pgm e qm Hl flZj L qa fl aJ ae Efm Lla prj qeez
1971 pml 25 jQ plce ae CuqCu Mel fr bL lSeaL pl Afru LVme z CuqCu k pjlL
p eu gmRe a ae pje AyQJ Lla flme ez
I pju ayl k phQ Ahe Rm aa ae CuqCu Mel hl hq qu hwmAcnl deal OoZ Ll
SeNZL pwNj Tyfu fsl XL ca flaez cn ayl Le fac ea Rm ez ehQe kl ayL iV cue
ae aMe aclJ eaz HjeL fh-fLe plLlJ aMe ayl ecn je QmRmz 23 jQ lSde YLuJ
fLel faL Esez
ae kc hTa flae k, 25-Hl chNa la CuqCu pjlL n fuN Ll fh-fLe plLl ayl qa bL
Ls eu fecMml Q Llh, aqm ae eQC deal OoZ cu aSe J puc eSlm Cpmjcl ja
ila Qm kae Hhw pMe bLC ae kkl eaa caez fh-fLel hpjlL plLl a 3 jQ bLC
ayl BeNa LlRmz ae fnpe, fmn, Bcma Caca Ljla phCL Agp hSe Lll ecn ca flaez
aqm V Me plLl flQmel Se Le LjLa J LjQl e fu nM jShl eLV BapjfZ Lla hd qaez
ae H phl LRC e Llu H Lb expcq fjZa qm k, ae deal OoZ chl Le pC NqZ Lleez
Hl Le flLfeJ ayl Rm ez
kc Hje Le flLfe ayl bLa Hhw aje p ae eae aqm eRL HLSe lSeaL ea qph ae
CuqCu plLll qa Nl qhl Afr Llae ez Caxfh ae hhl kje Nl quRe, HhlJ aje Nl
qu Nmez CuqCul hl dea kl p bLm ae Hih Nl qae ez Le pefa k OoZ Ll
fafrl qa eSl CRu hc qa fl ez
nM jShl fa Bjl ril LlZ HVCz deal OoZ chl kMe Le p Rm e, aMe CuqCul pb
pwmfL hb qa cme Le? fuSeu Rs cu qmJ pjTau fyR EQa Rmz fl fdej qu rja qa
eu lSeaL fuu 6 cgl Ej flZ Ll ph qaz Le AhuC pwmfL hb qa cJu EQa Rm ez
Bjl cthnp k, nqc pqlJuc kc nM jShl Ahe bLae aqm Hje im Llae ez lSeaL fuSe
pqlJucl ja Syclm eaJ 1955 pm jqjc Bm hNsl Lcu LheV j qa pja quRmez
1971 pml Se jp Bj LlQ khl Se mql hje hcl fRmjz fMa BCeSh HL hq HNu BjL
dl ayl Bpel fn eu hpmez 1964 pm ae Sjual ELm qph fLe pfjLV hSu qez BCuh
Me SjuaL hBCe OoZ LlRmez aMe bL hq pqhl pb Oe flQuz aeC fbj Lb l Llmez
hmme, ""nM jShl hl lqal jjmu Bj ayl ELm Rmjz jm LMe ELml pb jb hm ez
jjml bC Le Lb NfeJ Ll ez ELm qph ayL h Sl Ll Bj eQa quR k, ae fh-fLeL
hR Lla Qeez ehQel gmgmL SeNZ J hpjlL plLl Qu k, nM jShl qa rja cJu qLz HMeJ
ae Bn Lle k, no fk ae fLel fdej qhez''
111.

"71--Hl hs hs cV im
"71
1971 pm c'frl c'V jlaL im flaL AfuSeuih ho LlRz jkl fr bL AhPmclL
fLel pjbL qhl Afld ehQl qa Lll pV klC eu bLL, a fLe pehqeL hPmcl fa
AdLal qwp qa hd LlRz BJuj mNl Bpm eal a aMe ila Rmez H p alC Ll fWzuRe

97

Le BqC Seez Hl Le fuSe Rm ez HVL dea Bcmel fr Le LmZLl p hm NZ Ll

ku ez
V Me YLL euZ ehl fl Sm J jqLj nql Laa fa Lla HLjp pju mNRz H pjul jd
NeSfl, lwfl, hs, pql, QVNj Cac hn LuV SuNu el-npq AhPm jpmjeclL ejjih qa
Ll quz eu fnpe J fmn pfZ eu bL Hje AjehL avfla Qma cuz YLu pehqel Laa bLu
HMe I lLj LR qa flez pucfl J fhafl hlV pwMu AhPml bLu HhP pwNWa Ahu Rm hm
pMeJ qaL qa flez
kph nql AhPm qal OVe OVR, pMe kMe pehqe fyR Shacl LR bL I mjqoL OVel LlZ
hhlZ eR Hhw AhPmcl hsOll Ah cMR, aMe ihLih acl jd Hl ah fau cM cuRz
fLel pjbL qJuC AhPmcl HLj Afldz H Ahu Sha AhPml kclL qaLl pquL h pjbL
hm Qqa LlR, aclL pel ah Bnl pb qa LlRz
H AfLjV Lcl p Ll LlR a a pWLih eZu Ll ph euz L H Lb eQaihC hm ku k, de
hwmcn Bcmel mLlC a LlRz aMe fnpe eu bLu Hje SOe Lj he hdu Ll ph quRz H
LjV pehqeL r LlR Hhw AeL hPm qal ej quRz H LjV dea Bcmel pgml Se
Aflqk Rm ez Le cL cuC a pquLJ fjZa quez
kcl eLV jeol Shel Le jm eC, elfld jeoL qa Lla kcl je Le d Sj e, Hje foZ
qcul mLl hma fl k, H LSl jdj pehqeL rfu cJuu acl qwp BQlZ SeNZL fLehld hea pqua LlR Hhw flrih dea Bcmel pquL quRz
au imV pehqel mLl LlRz al qcclL fLel hld qph NZ Ll LbJ LbJ aclL
AebLC qa LlRz kje YLl nyMl fz Cpmjfl bL HLV cO Nmfb LV-LQll cL Hp no quRz
NmV fn eu hm H fb Ns Qm ez Nml c'cL MhC Oehpaz Adhpl phC qcz Hcl fde fn nyMl
AmwLlc al Llz
Mhl fmj nyMl fz Smu cJu quR Hhw jeopq fs NRz kaVL je fs, H OVe "71-Hl Hfml fbj h
au pq qhz cMa Nmj z fhcL bL aeQlV hw kl jd c'am cmeJ Rm fs NR Hhw Rc J
cum iP fsRz H dwplnol jdC jeol LuLV ANcNi Lm fs BRz OVel hhlZ Sel Se I Nml
Le hpc fJu Nm ez la H OVe OVR, Bl pLml jdC I cO Nma hphpla na na jeo ila Qm
NRz
jV hl peLl Hih LR qcL AebL jl qc pfcuL ila ka hd Llm z Hl lSeaL flZj k
La jlaL a hThl pdJ hcLdlcl eCz mLjM ne ku, pel eL hm k, fh-fLeL fL Lla
qm qcclL asa qhz
pecl jd fu phC fhl mLz fh qc eCz fh jpmje Rs nMlC hlV pwMu Rmz "47-H nM
jpmjecl jd hfL cl gm fh- fh nM J fQj-fh jpmjel Lcia quz fQj-fh fLe
luR, kMe Ajpmj hma d LcueclL hTuz qc h nMcl pb pMe jpmjecl pq-Ahe eCz aC
fL pel eL fh-fLeLJ Ajpmj bL fh Lla Quz
Bj glje Bm MeL Sp Llmj k, qccl hfl plLl Hje Le jeih foZ Ll Lez ae Aa
ctal pb hmme k, Le pephm plLl L Hje EV p ea fl? Bj hmmj, aqm hi SuNu qcqa Lje Ll qm? ae SJuh hmme, A cu juce eju cm LE LE hshs Ll gmz H hou LWl

98

ynul EQlZ Ll quR, ka Bl HLV OVeJ e OVz Bj jh Llmj, ""phen k qhl a qu NRz HMe H
ynula Bl Le OVe e OVmJ LaL qcL jl phCL ila Qm khl eVn cJu qu Nmz Hl flZj
Aa jcz''
qcl hlV pwMu fQjh Qm khl flZj k quR a ejlf x
1z al pMe ku Nccl Efl Qlj ekael LlZ Lqe eu SeNZ J plLll pqeia ASe LlRz
2z plLl mM mM Bnufbl bL J MJul hh Lla hd qJuu V Me plLll hl jkL phcL
cu ppwNWa Lll cua NqZl pa k fuRz
3z jk pqkNal Se ila plLl k Ab hu LlR, al Qu AeL hn Ab pqk I Bnu fbclL
cMu hnl ca pwm bL ASe Lla prj quRz
4z fQjhl qc pfcu hwmcnL de Lll Se BlLih pu ijL fme Ll Lah je LlR, ka
qc Bnufbl hwmcn gl Bpa flz

n LjV NWe
fLe ekj Cpmj fVl pVl Selm jmi glc Bqjc J fh-fLe LEpm jpmj mNl pifa
pCuc MS Mulel EcN XjVL fVl Quje Seh elm Bjel hsa HL hWL XL quz HV
pha "71-Hl Hfm jpl no cLz E hWL BjLJ cJua cJu quz EcNZ Rs pMe kl Efa
Rme acl jd kcl ej je fs, al qme- fcnL fLe mNl pVl Selm Seh jqjc Bm,
BJuj mN ea Bhcm Sl Ml, Sjua Emju Cpmjl ea fl jqpee (cc ju), LoL-njL fVl H.
Hp. Hj pmCje, BJuj mNl H. L. lgLm qpe (Mul ju) J jJme elkkjez Seh elm Bjel
pifaa hWL l qmz
Eccl jd jmi glc Bqjc fbj hh lMmez ae hmme x
""BJuj mN eal plLll hl SeNZL Bcme HNu cu eSl ila fmu Nmez HcL plLl
pehqeL cu Bcme cje Lla Nu k pn Aike QmR, aa elq SeNZC hn ekaa qRz kl
Bcme pu al phC BaNfel LlR h ila Qm NRz nM jShl ecn fnpe, fmn, hwL, Bcma
phC QmRmz V Me I plLl fecMml En k LR LlRe aa elfld mLl ka hfcN e qu Hhw
pehqe ke hshs e Ll Hje hh qJu Aa fuSez kl hfcN qR al Ll LR Bnu fh? Bjl
kl lSea Ll SeNZ acl LRC pqkl Se BpR J Bphz Bjl aclL Lih pqk Lla fl k
hou Bjcl jahejul EnC H hWL XL quRz''
H. L. lgLm qpe BlJ ANpl qu Lb hmmez ae Bjl be eheNllC mLz Bjcl fnl CEeueC al
hs z 1954 pml ehQe ae k gVl ejene fu ehQa qez ae BJuj jpmj mNl mL Rme Hhw
Seh Bhm jepl Bqjcl pb Aa Oe Rmez ae Aa BhNl pb hmme x
""Bjl kcl hl pwNj Ll ilaL hi Ll fLe Luj LlRmj, p fLeL ila cMm Ll eL a
Bjl QCa fl ez ila Bjcl h qa fl ez BJuj mN eal H cnL fLe bL Bmc Lll Se
ila plLll eLV Bnu euRz Bj eQa k, ila fLeL Ma Lll H jq pkN NqZ Llhz Bjl
Bn k Bjl cl Nmj flZa qa kRz fLe pehqe fLel AMa lrl Se k Q LlR aa
acl pb Bjcl pqkNa Ll Lahz ilau LwNpl Adea bL jl SeC Bjl fLe Bcme
LlQmjz Bjl Bhl p LwNpl Abe qa fl ez''
Bj Lb hll Se Aejj QCl Hje pju Bcm Sl Ml pqh Aeja e euC cysu Nme Hhw Mul jul
hhL Slnl pjbe Llmez lgLm Cpmjl ejl la k "H. L.' luR a-C Bhm Mulz aC ae Mul
99

ju ejC flQa Rmez Ml pqh hn hu mLz aeJ 1954 pm ehQa qez ae jJme ipel Oe
Rme Hhw 1949 pm kMe BJuj jpmj mN NWa qu, aMe bLC eacl jd NZ Rmez ae BlJ Snl
pb hmme x
""pehqe fQj-fLe bL Hp H cnL ilal Ml bL lr Lll Q LlRz ila Su qm Hl LE
fmaJ flh ez H Ahu BjclL acl H fQu puih pqkNa Ll Lahz''
pifal Aeja eu Bj cysmjz Aa nih dll qu BhNqe l hmmj x
""H cnl lSeaa BSLl pifa pqh Rs Bjl LE NZ euz Na ehQe Bjcl Ll Le f Rm e z
HLj elm Bje pqh ehQa qa prj qez Bl pLm BpeC nM jSh fuRez SeNZl eLV Bjcl LaVL
jm BR? ehQe SeNZ kclL rjau hpa QuR aclL rja bL ha Lll Se fpXV CuAqCu Me
k Lje SOe Q LlRe a SeNZ J hnhp mr LlRz ehQel gmgmL Qlj Ahl pb Efr Ll,
HjeL fh-fLe hpjlL plLlL nM jShl BeNa Lla cMJ CuqCu Me nM jShl pb pwmf Le
pjTau fyRa prj qme ez lSeaL jahldL lSeaLihC jjwp Lla quz pjlL n fkN Ll
a Ll ku ez
CuqCu Me SeNZl ehQa faedclL ilal qa am cmez Bjl SeNZl faed eCz Bjl H pjpl
L pjde ch? phQu hs Lb qm, Le pjlL n 1947 pm fh J fQj-fLe ILh Llez d
pjlL n fuN Ll H IL hqm lM kh ez Bjl Lih V Mel pb pqkNa Llh? al k LlRe
aa L Bjcl Le fljn QuRe? al L Bjcl Lbja Qmhe?
Hph Lb hhQe LlC Bjcl p eJu EQaz fLe VL bLL, Bjcl cn ilal Ml bL hyQ bLL,
HV AhnC Bjcl phl BlL Ljez L H hou Bjcl qa Le Efu BR hm je qk ez aC Bj
jmi glc Bqjcl fh pjbe Ll HhP Apqu SeNZl kaVL Mcja Ll ph p fQuC Bjcl pjh
bL EQaz''
Se LE LR
hml BN pifa pqh jh Llme, ""Bjcl HV Am LR Ll EQa Lez LR Lla QCm
LaVL Ll EQa p hou Bfel jaja cez Bjl LR Lla QCm LaVL Ll pjQe J H hou c'lLj fh
HpRz HMe Bfel phC jaja fLn Llez''
hWL 14/15 Se mL Efa Rmez phl ej plZ BpR e hm acl ej EM Lla flmj ez pifa
phCLC Lb hml fljn cmez Bjl LR Mh im mNm k, ka LbC al hme no fk jmi glc Bqcl
fhC phC pjbe Llmez k c'Se pehqel pb pqkNa Lll fh cuRme al acl fhl fr Bl
Le hh cme ez
ph-pjaih "n LjV' ej HLV LjV NWa qmz jpmj mN ea MS MuleL BquL Ll quz fQl
hiNl cua jJme elkkjel Efl e Ll qkz ae fLe Bcmel pju jpmj mN enem NXl pml
Rmez 70-Hl ehQel fh ae il ffmp fVl fh-fLe nMl pifa qez Caxfh Aee cmJ ae NWe
LlRe HhP ae pph cml pifa Rmez
hWL LjV NWel fr k k phC je ee a ejlf x
""haje flaa hNa fQu SeNZl aje Le Mcja Ll ph euz pjlL Lafr Bjcl fr bL Le
pw NWa qm Hl la Efm Lla fJlz pjlL plLl J SeNZl jd H nea LjV kNpl cua fme
Llhz plLlL See qh k, n LjV pLm lSeaL cml cuanm J pjSl Aee NZje mLcl l

100

NWa HLV pw z cnl ph H LjVl fr bL Le Bhce Ll qm ke hhQe Ll quz Le eco mL ke

ekaa e qu p SeC H pw plLlL pqk Llh, ka plLl SeNZl B ASe Lla flz''

n LjVl avfla
n LjVl En EM Ll fLu Mhl fLna qhl fl Afcel jd be fku fk LjV Luj qu Nmz
lSeaL cml hClJ HmLl fihnm J NZje mLcl pjeu H LjV NWa qmz Ahn Hje mLcl
pjeu H LjV NWa qmz Ahn Hje mLlC LjVa pu qe, kl Qe k, fLe Luj bLLz
pl cn hu mLcl jd jpmj mNl fle kb Hje mL Rme, kl Le e Le pju CEeuel Qulje,
XV hXl jl Hhw jpmj mNl hi fkul eal cua fme LlRez jpmj mNl eaal Lcm HhP
jpmj mN ae iN iN qu kJuu I ph mL lSeaa phC pu e qmJ al SeNZl eLV flQa J
fihnm z be fku H Sau mLlC n LjVa eaa mi LlRez LlZ BJuj mN Rs Bl Le
lSeaL cml pwNWe ph SuNu Rm ez Sjua Cpmj Aee cm bL AdLal pwNWa qmJ Sm jqLj
fkul eQ be fku aMe pwNWe hl mi Llez n LjVa Aee kph cm nlL quR, acl ph Sm J
jqLjuJ cmu LjV Rm ez
fde k En n LjV Luj qm, k hfl n LjV Lafrl eLV jVjV la fJuu SeNZ kb
EfLa quRz
jkl n LjVL acl cnje qphC dl euRz LlZ al cMa fR k, n LjVa kl BpR al
jkclL acl LS pqkNa Ll e, hlw acl avfla ka HmLu e qu p Se al Q Llz acl
LE dl fsm aclL Rsu eu ez AbQ AeclL Rsu ehl Se kb Q Llz jkl hj J Ade
qJuu pkN fm al n LjVl mLcl Efl LbJ hj qjm Ll, LbJ m Ll qa Llz H gm
Balrl fuSe n LjVJ Adl lkLlcl pqua ea hd quz jkl eScl hsa hf-jul
pb cM Lla Bpm n LjVl mLl aclL dlu chl Le Q e Ll aclL elfc gl ka
pqk LlRz

n LjVl Ll Ll Afavfla
Bjcl cnl mLcl jd Ea eaL je Mh Lj mLlC BRz aC pkN fmC hLNa b qpm Lll
fhZa cM cuz n LjVa H Sau mLcl lC hi ljL AeuJ quRz RV Aeul eje qm hfcN
mLL pqk Ll al LR bL BbL face Bcu Llz H V YLuJ quRz HL mL BjL Mcjal hcmu
VL ca QCmz Bj ah Bf Llm hmm k, AjL AjL a qjnC eRz hpa J cxMa qmjz H LlZC
qua Bjll LRC hn mL Bpaz cfl MJul fl hnjl AipJ aN Lla qmz jp cuL Hih Qml
fl hL HLV hb Aeih Llmjz Xll fljn emjz Bjl hup aMe fnl LRLRz Xl hmme k, H
hup cf l Mhl fl Ljfr BdOV u bLhez n LjVl LELE pkN ja ceal Bnu euR hm
AikN fJu NRz hno Ll fnpel cua ceafluZ Agpl h fmnl pquau Aeuih pfc cMml
ja LLjJ quRz
112.

hcn pgl

101

de mLcl hcn pgl qm fSl Vf h pMl jZz LWe fnNa ShZl HLOyuj bL cuaj
Ahu qmL
je eu SheVL LRce EfiN LlC acl H pgll Enz Bjl fr acl Ai qhl piN bLl Lb
euz hn IaqpL lafZ fe J e HhP QjvLl fLaL cn J pckja cneu La cMl En kl
hcn jZ Lle Bj acl jdJ NZ eCz Bjl 6 Rml jd 4 SeC hcn bLz acl LR LRce Ahpl
She kfel SeJ Bj pgl Llez H hfl acl ch bLmJ Bj d I En pju ca flez Cpmj
Bcmel fuSe Hhw hi BSaL Cpmj pjme Bja quC Bj hn LR cn pgl LlRz H hRl
(2003 pm) 1 Seul bL 14 Hfm fk pc Blh H hqlCe pgl Ahn HLV i lLjl z H pgl pfLC
HMe mMRz Hl BNl pglml hhlZ dlhqL BmQeu Bph Ce-n-Bqz
Bjl Hhll pgll fde En Rm cVz HLV qm q Llz hcn hdajmL ehpa She 1977 pm no
q Lll fl pc Blh LuLhl pgl qJu pJ q Lll pkN que z 2000 pm q Lll En Rmz
eil jpC iSV ip fu Nmjz L nM qpe plLll lj Bjl fpfV BVL Llu I hRl ql
Bn flZ quez p Bn Bq aBm Hhl jqlhe Ll flZ Llmez ghull jTjTC ql khau LlZu
pjd qJu pJ BlJ c'jp pc Blh bLl LlZ qm au fde En fZ Llz pV qm jJme Bhm
B'm jJccl Aeca LlBel Ec alSj bL pqS hwmu Aehc Llz

H pgl l qm hqlCe bL
hqlCe khl Le p fbj Rm ez L pc Blh Bpl fb Nmg-Hull hje hqlCe qu Bpm pje
hsa MlQC qu ku hm no fk aC Ll qmz Hl fde LlZ qm, Bjcl hwnl Leaj pcp HL hRl hup
eae pgL cMz Bjl RV Rm pmjel H juVl Lb Caxfh HL La mMR k, ae jp bL aL e
cM Bjl Jl AihV Ha ahih Aeih Lla mNme k, Jl Lb EWmC al QM iS kuz HV a phlC
Se k, nC qR hsl phl BLoZz Bjl c'Se LuL jpl Se pc Blh kRz jpMeL fl p kMe YL
gl kh aMe Bjl pMe bLh ez aC JL hqlCe cM pc Blh kJul pC ea qmz a e qm JL
6 jp cMa fh ez
hqlCe khl au LlZVJ Lj lafZ euz Bjcl hqeL (pgl ee) HLlLj jal cul bL Bq fL
gla cmez Xll a eSlC eln qu NuRmez YLu Bjl phC cu LlRz hno Ll Bjl Aa
Lalih hlhl Bql clhl dle cuRez aC aeJ hqeL cMl Se flne qu Nmez aL e cM
fk hn Ala fLn LlRmez
pgl ee X. Bh pgue hqlCe hnhcmul fgpl z pgl eel jlaL ApM qJuu hcn Bau-Sel
Aih hlV pjp cM cmz pgl jL al jul phl Se hd qu hqlCe ka qmz pmje eSC JclL
eu Nm Hhw c'pq fl YLu gl Nmz
X-ECm Hiunel Seh njpm qLl pb Cpmj Bcmel pb qph cOcel flQuz hjel QLl bL
Ahpl ehl fl ae al H Vim HSp l Llez alC fljn CLej Lpl hcm hSep Lpl VLV emjz
cC hshs HL pgl LlR hmC ae H fljn cmez Bj CLej LpC pgl Lla qu ez Bjl H pgl eaC
hNa hm pwNWel LE pb Rme ez hSep Lp hn LuL cL cuC Blj J phd fmjz
2003 pml 1 Seul pLm 6 Vu hje Rsl Lbz Hl fh la 12V bL alZ-alZl ehhol Evph fme
Llmz Bl BjL 4Vu hjehcl lJue qhl Se aeVuC Oj bL SNa qmz 4Vl BNC hje-hcl bL
iN-SjC CmCup ge Sem k, Nmg-Hull hje hm fyRhz CmCupl nl BsChsl fl pqh
jJme Nmj qe Hhw Hhw al ns Bjl Bfe jja hez p hwmcn hje Ljla hm ph pjuC
hjehcl al jmhe Mcja fCz

102

hjel hm qJul Mhl jeV Mlf qu Nmz aL hm qh aJ Se Nm e hm A hd Llmjz no ha

ps 4Vu CmCup Sem k, HMeJ hje c bL Rsez AeQual jd fs HL jqhsez gSll ejkl
fl Ojhl En mjzHje flaa Oj BpJ ihL euz kqL hje Bpl pju Sel fl pLm 9Vu hje
hcl fRmjz
Sjual pVl Selm J pjSLmZ j Seh Bm Bqpe jqjc jSqc BjL iBCf mCl phdl
hh Lla Nu hjel AeQual LlZ eSJ L Llme Hhw Aee kl pwn al phC L iN Llmez
hje EWl Se kJu fk ae Efa bL BjL hcu cmez
gSll ejkl BNC hs bL lJue qa qh hm Bjl pVl eSjm qL Hhw Bjl phL pLlV
cuanm Bhcm Ngl plLl Bjl hsaC Oja hd qmez Bjl ja aclLJ no la EW lJue qJu
fk ciN fqa qmz Sjual fr bL hl Ll Bjl AeL hRll Mcj pmj, Bjl hsaC bLz
alJ HLC cn qmz
fel NCV fyRaC HL Bjl hXw LX qa euC "JumLj fgpl' hm pjcl Ll Bjcl c'Sel
Bpe fyRu cmz hSep Lpl pjcl J phd iN Ll l qmz pl fbC acl Bfue J Mcja fmjz
CLej Lp HjeV LMeJ fCez
YLl pb hqlCel pju fbL 3 OV z 11Vu lJue qu 5 OV pgl Ll YLl pju hLm 4Vu hqlCe hje
hcl fRmjz

pgl pb cM qm L dl cm ez
pg kMe YL bL Bp aMe al hup 11 jpz aMeJ p imih qyV cMez 3 jp fl kMe Bjl hqlCe
fyRmj aMe 14 jpl pg alal Ll csuz Jl eeL cM cs Hm qpa qpaz BjclL cM fmu
Nmz H hup Af LRcel jd nl flQu im kuz H Aia Bjl BRz 1964 pm BCuh Mye npejm
Sjua CpmjL hBCe OoZ Ll Sjual Lcu jSmp nll pcpclL Nl Lll pju Bj mql
bLu pMeC SmMeu c'jp Rmjz YL Sm fyRl fl Bjl B-Bj J Bjl pb SmMeu cM Lla
Nmez Bjl fj Rm ejel hup aMe cs hRlz p Bjl Lm BpmC ez
hqlCe ae ce bL 5 Seul cf l Su lJue qCz pgl cc hpu bLu c'ceC Lm Bpl ja Oea
Sjz L Bjl LRJ Bp ez Sl Ll Lm em Sl LlC ej kuz clSl LR Hp lLl ja cqVa aq
lM MmMm Ll qpz qa hsmC fmuz Bhl Bp, Bhl fmuz HihC p mLQl Mm cuC BjL
Bfue Ll kb je Llz
hqlCe hwmcn ce iCul lS aeV Ll c'ce jV 6V fNj BjL hah Ll lMu hpu Hje pju
fC e k, pgl pb Mal hqm Lll QB Lla flz Lbu hm, ""YL d NmJ de iea hd quz''
hwmcn iul ae cel fNjC Ll gmRmez no fk clLoLo Ll c'cel jd no Ll HLV ce Mm
lM ph qmz
pgl eel HL hwmcn pqfW HLC hnhcmu pqLjz al hpJ MhC LRz fuC H hpu Bpe hm pgl
pb Oez hWLMeu Bjl Lm Hm e, ayl Lm Nu hpmz cM qwpC mNm Hhw qwpl Lb ayL hmmjz
ae qp hmme, Bj Hl LlZC lS Bpa hd qCz pa, nl fa jjahd Bql HL ejm eujaz
aauce plce Ahlj Q Ll pfL pje Ea qmJ CR Ll Lm Bpm ez ah Lm eu eQm Sl
Ll ejJ Nm ez fll ce 5 Seul S lJue qJu fk BjL HVL aC p bLa qmz 15 Hfm YL
103

gl cc-eael pWL pfL hqm Lla qua LuLce mN khz H mM BS 13 Hfm Su mMR z
BNjLm pu lJue cu fl pLm 6Vu YLu fyRl Lbz fu ps ae jp fl cM qhz Cajd p
eQuC pfZ im NRz
pgl ee jh Llme, pgl ccL eu, ""pg; ajl Ha n k, cc-ccL hqlCe Bpa hd Lla
flRz''

hqlCel ip pwNq
YLu hqlCel cahp eC hm hwmcn bL hqlCe ka qm pMe bL ip kNs Ll YLu fWa qkz
Bjl hqC pqh hnhcmul Lafrl pqkNa eu Bjcl c'Sel Se ipl hh Llme z hn hm
ip fyRmz hml LlZV cxMSeLz hflV hmC gmz pjSLmZj Seh Bm Bqpe jqjc jSqc
LRce BN hqlCe NuRmez hqlCel pjSLmZjl Babua ae fmez hwmcnl lc al ihL
LlZC jSqc pqhl pb hlhl prv quz I pjuC Bjl hqlCe pgll Lb hqC pqhL SeCz ip pwNq
pqS Lll Bnu hqC pqh jSqc pqhl pjeC hwmcn lcaL Bjl ipl hfl pqkNa Lla fle
Le Sp Llmez lcaL Bjl ipl hh Lll cua emez HjeL Bj hqlCe hjehcl fyRm BjL
iBCf qph Aibe Llhe hm Bnp cmez Bjcl fpfVl gVLf ayL chl Se fljn cmez Bjl
Llul pip fpfVl gVLf fWmjz
gVLf fJul pb pb hqC pqh a lcaL fyRu cmez L lca Nsjp Ll fu c'pq LVu
cmez ipl hh Lll Juc ae fme Llme ez no fk hqC pqh hnhcmul jdj hh Lla hd
qmez ipl hm cM hqlCe pgl ph qR e je Ll plpl Sll SeJ Bpe hL Ll lM qm z lcal
H Aa BQlZl LlZ BjL ipl hfl 8/10 ce AeQal kae iN Lla quRz ayl H BQlZ hqC
pqh Hhw hqlCel ce iul MhC hr Rmez al BjL fhfl OVe hla Semez Bj hqlCe
bLLmC lca hqC pqhL ge Ll Bjl pb pral BNq fLn Llmez Bj qph Ll cMmj k, H
prvLl Ll SeC pMLl qh ez LlZ ae eQuC eSl pgC NChe ipl hflz pral pju hqC pqh
RsJ BlJ LaL hr iC Efa bLhez aMe Hje Apcl flal p qa fl, k qa cJu jVC EQa
euz Bjl a pju cJu paC LWe Rmz aC pju hl Ll ph e hm Seu cJu qmz ae YLu Bjl
pb cM hlhe hm hqC pqhL Semez
fl hqC pqh hqlCe bL ge Seme k, I lca hcm qu Qm NRe Hhw YL hnhcmul fLme
iCp Qpml X. BeJulq Qdl pqh eae lca qu kNce LlRe Hhw ae eL Aa BlLal pb
BjL pmj fyRhl Se Aeld Llmjz

hqlCe Bjl fNj

2 J 3 Seul, H c'ce 6V fNj qmz HLV jqmcl pjhn fnl J Bjl hhz HRs c'V fNj
hnoih EMkN z 1V qm hwmcn, ila J fLe ce iCcl pjhnz Ha hnhcmul nrL, Xl,
Ceul J hi Lfea Ljla EQnra hn LRpwML mLpq fu n'MeL na Rmez
pifaa Llme Seh eSje j ej JMeLl HL qCml qX jVl mV hn EQjel HhP CwlS io
jdj qJuu hi cnl Rm-jul pMe fsz pifa pqhl hs fQjhz ae hu LlRe BmNs Hhw
pMeC HMe hsz ae hwm, Ec J CwlSa Rc ha Lla flez pjhn ae cnl jeoz BCj Le
iou ha fn Llh Sea QCmjz pifa pqh fh Llme k, Eca hmm pLm naC hThez CwlS

104

hmm LR mLl Se Aphd qa flz nal H fh pjbe Llmez H pjhnl BuSLcl ea hwmcn
jJme Sjl Eel cL Sp ca aLmjz aeJ Eca hml fljn cmez Sea QCmj, hwmio
iCul L Ll hThe? hmme CwlSl ameu EcC hn hTa flhez
1971 pm bL pc Blh, Lua, chC, hqlCe, Lal, Cwm, BjlL, LeX, pfl, Sfe Cac cn
AeLhl Bjl pgl Lll pkN quRz qjmue Efjqcn kl Cpmjl LjpQ eu QQ Lle, acl jd
flflL kNkNl jdjC jm Ecz nmwL, efm, BgNee J juejlpq NV Efjqcnl jpmjecl
Lje io HLj EcC z EQnracl Se CwlS Lje io qmJ pLml Se Ecl Le hLf eCz jpmjecl
Se hi LlZ H iouC phQu pqS ihl Bce-fce phz hno Ll hwmcn, fLe J ilal
jpmjecl hlV Sen Iph cn luRz acl jd kl Cpmj LjL Ssa, acl jd Oe kNkN
BRz Efjqcnl Le cn bL Le Cpmj ha Bpm al kb pjhnl BuSe Ll bLez acl
flflL kNkN J jahejul jdj fdea Ec ioz aC hwmcnlJ Ec jVjV hT Hhw LR LR hmaJ
flz
Bjl CwlS J Eca hml Aip bLmJ 1971-Hl fl bL Ec hml pkN eC hm Aip Lj NRz fLe
Bjm cn AeL Ecio mL Sjua Cpmja pu bLu HhP fQj-fLel ph fcn h Sepiu Ec a
ha Lla qa hm k pRc hd Llaj HMe aaV hd qu ez jT jT pWL Ec nl Aih CwlS n
hhql Lla hd qCz k qL, EcC BdOV fnl J HLOV hh lMmjz fn fmj hwm, Ec J CwlSa, Bl
SJuh cmj Ecaz BmQ hou Rm, "jpmj Ejql haje cNa bL jl Efu'z
jpmj Sa kace Cpmjl faLhq Rm aace Bq aBm al Sje acl eaa hqm lMa pqk
LlRez LlBe HVC Bql Juc z Cpmjl qgka Lll cua Bq uw fme Llez CpmjC jpmjecl
lrL HhP Ea J pj jdjz qcp BR k, ""LlBe LaL SaL Ea LlR Hhw LaL SaL ma LlRz
LlBel dlL J hqLl cua fme e Llu jehSa LlBel Bm bL haz Adna jpmj npLl kc
LlBeiL pjS J lhhl hh eje eS eS cn fcne Llae, aqm jehSa eQaih LlBel fa
BL qaz Bq aBm jpmj EjqL jeh Sal eaal jkc cuRmez Af L'Vf haj Rs pLm
jpmj npLC Lgl npL J lhhl eaa je euRez
LlBe hl hl Cc SaL Bq Ain hm OoZ LlRez AbQ jpmj Ejq I Ain Sal qaC Sa
MRz Bql eLV Le frfaa eCz gmecl pwNj ea Cupl Blga hl hl OoZ LlRe k, ae
gmecl pwNj ea Cupl Blga hl hl OoZ LlRe k, ae gme djelfr l Luj Lla Qez
Bq aL Le pqk Llhe? pMeLl Cpmjfcl pjbeJ ae fRe ez
hnl eaa kcl qa luR, acl LR nl cfV cMe Rs jeh Sal LmZl Se chl ja Le BcnC
eCz jpmj Ejq kc LlBeL hhua Lll Se BlL fQ Qmu, ahC hnl eaa Bhl acl qa
Bpa flz''
pjhnl no phC jqal pb Bjl pb qa jmmez HLSe ilbu iC BjL hmme, ""Bjl eLV HV
HL hpu k, hwmcn. fLe J ilal Sjua Cpmjl BjlNZl Qql, gNl J Vf HLC lLj Le?
fLu acl Rh cM fbLC Ll ku ez'' pifa Seh ekje jl hpu lal Mhl Mmj pMe al
BlJ Oe flQu fu Aa Mn qmjz
113.

105

YLu gl Hmj
2003 pml 1 Seul YL bL hqlCe lJue qmj z Bl 1 hnM (1410) S bL YLl En fe
EWmjz flce 15 Hfm pLm YL hjehcl fel clS MmaC ql iNSjC Seul NE Agpl
CmuL qSl fmjz ql fl qaC Sjual pVl Selm J pjSLmZ j Seh Bm Bqpe jqjc
jSqc BlJ LuLSe Sjua eapq BjL Mn Bjcc Semez ayl pb kl Rme al qme, Sjual
Lcu fQl hiNl pVl AdfL apej Bmj, YL jqeNl Bjl Seh jjem Cpmj fVue, pVl
Cpmj Rnhll phL Lcu pifa lgLm Cpmj Me, pqLl J alhua pVl Seh Bqjcq, Bjl
HL pQh eSjm qL Hhw Bjl cOcel Mcj pmjz
jm-pje pwNq Lla fu OVMeL pju mN Nmz H pju iBCf mE jSqc pqhl LR bL cn, plLl
J Sjua pfL AeL LR Sp Ll Se emj z aylC Nsa ayl pb Bmf Lla Lla fu BVVu hsa
fyRmjz ps ae jp hcn bLu kph hou Se fuSe Rm a H pkN ayl LR bL Se emjz
pmje hje-hcl bL Ae Nsa HLC pju hsa fyR Bjl BNC Ol YL Bcll pgL Lm Ll Bjl
Ol YLhl pb pb Bjl Lm am cmz Bj jVC Bn Lle k, ps ae jp fl cMl pb pbC Lm
Bpa lS qhz Bjl cL HL ca Qu bLmz Qj ca QCmj, NqZ Llm ez QM h Ll jM plu emz
Qj NqZ Lla pja Lla LuLce mN Nm z Hl fl Nm fa cu eSC HNu Hp Qj euz Jl hup HMe cs
hRlz BjL cMmC aSe EyQu Bjl cL Cnl Ll I cc hma bLz Bjl L hmmj, ""pg ajL XL
e hm qwp Ll ez'' Ahn jT jT ccJ hmz cc EQlZ pqS hmC nl fbjC a hmz LuLV n hm
nMR jz Lb e gVmJ p Hje LR hma bL, k hThl kNa Bjcl eCz Bj aL pmj cJu nMa
prj quRz BjL cMmC Lfm c'qa WLu elh pmj Seuz pmjl EQlZ nMa BlJ L'ce qua mN
khz p hsl Rm-jupq pLml Bcl Lsu hsuz
Bjl Le eae pfL Ha Lb mMu pjea fWL-fWLNZ hl qhe Le Se ez Bjl dlZ, kcl Ol
HL-cs hRll Le n eC al H mM fs acl pecl nnhl paQlZ Ll Bec EfiN Llhez Bl kc
Lm H hupl n BR al Bjl Aei aL eScl je Ll fmLa qhez
Bjl 19 Se ea-eael jd kl hup hs al ccl Lmj pgl Hje jkcu HhcL Mh Mn qmJ LRV Do
ed Llz aclL hm, ""ajl kc Bhl Jl ja RV qa fl aqm ajcl LbJ Hih mMhz ajl RV
bLLm Hje BclC fuRz pgl piN k Bjl "She k cMmj' mMl pju p ceuu HpRz hs qu kMe
hCa Jl pfL H ph mM fsh aMe paC J Nlh hd Llhz''

hqlCe j pqhl Lb
Seh eSje jl hsa cJua Ma ku ayL Bj hmmj, ""Bj eSje j ejl HLSeL Se, ke
jJme jJccl alSju LlBe jScl gVeVl hwmu Aehc LlRez'' ae jQL qp qa eSl cL Cnl
Ll hmme, ""BjC pC jz'' pd pjhn kNal pb pifal cua fmel LlZ a Bj j RmjC, H
flQu fu ayl fa Nil imhp hd Llmjz
Bnl cnLl la jJme jJccl lQa "alSju LlBe jSc'-Hl hwm Aehc fLnl EcN eJu qm Se
Nm k, LmLau a BNC fLna quRz HLSe cuanmL (ej je fsR e) LmLau fWe qmz pMe
ku ae Seme k, 15 fl fk fbj M fLna quRz au M jZl Afru luRz Abih hm fRz
Vpw fflJ lX BRz

106

LmLal fLnL pMeLl SjualC fLne hiNz Bjl HMe HLpb phQL Rfu NLl fLn Lll BNq
cM ayl ja fbj Ml HL Lf J au M Vpw ffl BjclL ca pja qmez YLu 1982 pm gmqC-Bj V phfbj HLV hlV NLl a fLn Llz Hlfl BdeL fLne fLn Ll BpRz
H Nl gVeVm LmaLl Seh elm Cpmj Me HhP BmNsl Seh eSje j Aehc Llez LlBel
Buapjql k Aehc jJme jqjc Bhcl lqj LlRe p AehcC Ha luRz

hqlCe Bjl au EMkN fNj

hqlCe Ljla hwmcncl HL hlV pjcn z hqlCel ph Qu hs fhmL qml pLm Qul hpl flJ
hnLR mLL cy;u bLa quRz
Bjl Sjijl hlV pwML ce iCclL cM Bj Aa Evpq hd Llmjz QVNjl jJme Sjlel
pifaa Aea I pjhn Efa nacl Qqlu fhm BNq J Efe cM Bj laja Aiia qmjz
Bd-OVlJ hn pju ac mMa fnhml SJuh chl fl fu cs OVu Bjl hh fn Llmjz ac Evpq
cM hh pwr e Ll fZil Lb hmmjz Bjl hh hou Rm, "Cpmj Bcmel Ljcl pq Skh'z H
ej Bjl mM hCV LE fsRe Le Sp Llm 10/15V qa Ea cMmjz hT Nm k, H houV acl Se
eaeCz hCVa 6V Skh Skh LlBel h Bua J hn LaL qcpl Ea cu pwrih hM Ll quRz
fum Skh qm, Bql fa Llul Skhz Bql cel fa Dje Bel aJgL chl Se Bql fa Nil
Llu fe Lll Skhl ch qm x hfLih cel cJua fn Ll z au Skh qm, MyV eual Skhz
HLj Bql p J BCMlal pgml eua cel Se LS Lla qhz eua pq e qm Le eL BjmC
Bq Lhm Lle ez qqp BR k, eua MyV e qm Sqcl juce eqa qmJ ckMC ka qhz
aau Skh qm, hqna khl Skhz hqnal jmL Bq aBmz ae pl aJhl 111 ew Bua hqna
ka qm Se J jm Bql eLV hu Lll na cuRez Abv kl BqL acl Se J jml jmL je Ll
aylC jlSja pju J pfc hu Ll aclLC Hl heju hqna ce Llhe hm I Bua OoZ LlRez
BMla hnp Le jeoC ckM ka Qu ez AbQ AeLC hqna kll I na flZl Q Ll ez jll BN
aJh Ll ph Neq jg Llu ea flh je Ll AeLC nlBal hdel Le flJu Ll e kje faLC
LmS-hnhcmu fp Lll Bnu ia quz L fp Lla qm k Ll clLl a e Lll LlZC gm Llz aje
hqna khl ja BnC Ll qL, Bql cJu I na flZ e Llm gyL cu hqna khl Le Efu eCz
Qab Skl qm, Bql Nmj h cp qhl Skhz Bql Nmjl jkc fa qm egpl Nmj J Bq Rs
Bl pLm Nmj bL Balr Lla qh Hhw aLJul She-kfe Lla qhz Bql NmjC Bl pLm nl
Nmj bL jk chz
fj Skh qm, Bql Mmg qJul Skhz Bql Sje Bql Mmga Lujl En Q e Ll Bql
Mmg qJul hLf Le fb eCz Mmgal H cua fmel EnC ae jeoL fuc LlRez k Bql Mmg
qJul Q Ll e p Chmpl Mmg qaC hd quz LlZ ceua jeoL MmgC qa qh, jeh h jmL qJul
Le pkN eCz Mmg qh, Bl e qu nuael Mmg qa qhz
o Skh qm, Bql fb nqc qhl Skhz H Skhl Bpm jj qm ja iu aN Llz jaL iu Ll HLhhC
hLjz iu Ll Le mi eCz ja ec pju BphCz aL ld Lll rja Ll eCz aC jaL iu Ll
Abqe z jaiuC pLm fLl chmal jmz H iu bL k eSL j Lla prj qu p ceul Le nL flJu
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tastes death but once.'' ill kahl iu fu aahlC jlz Bmzmql peL LMe jaL iu Ll e; hlw p
107

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egpl dyL, nuael JupJup J hSNal BLoZL Su Ll Bjcl HLj LjLa fi Bq Hhw HLj
Bcn ea jqjcl lpq (p)-Hl kbkb BeNa Lla prj qh Cen-Bqz''
pifal ioZ jJme Sjle pLmL H hou E Llme Hhw phC Skhl pbC ps cmez

pc Blh lJue
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al Cpmj hC fm phQu hn Mn qez LlZ pMe hC eJu pqS euz aRs JSe papl LlZ HL pb
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aBml ijL' z Hph hC HL, cs J c'gjl QV hCz AeLC hs hC fsa pqp Ll e pjuihz QV hC qm
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Blha Lb hm he QLC Bjcl Vm Rsu ea prj qmez Bj laja hpa J fmLa qu Nmjz Bj
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jqjc jDee J fNs Sml phL Bjl Seh epl Ee-Hl Rm nqcm Cpmj BjclL Aibe Seu
LmLm Llmez Bjl Rm aMe fyRe Le Sea QCm ayl hmme k, Ns fL Lla cl qRz

pc Blh pgll En
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108

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H LS Le qa cmj?
hwmcn de l qph Luj qhl fl fu 7 hRl BjL hd qu ehpe bLa quz ps Ql hRl flhl bL
hR bLl fl 1976 pm Bjl RV c'Rm eje J pmjeL eu me fyRe z 1978 pml SmC jp
pflhl cn gl Bp z Bjl Sjua Cpmjl lLe qhl En pmhp Aeku Adue Lla Nu
agqjm LlBel hwm Aehc fs hTa hn L hd Llez BjL jT jT LWe nl Ab Sp Llez ae
jclp mCe Bmj fp qJuu LWe hwm hTa hN fez
Bj Aeih Llmj k, Bjcl Ljcl jd AdLwnC Afnraz jJme Bl lqjl Aeca agqjm LlBe k
LWe iou mM a fs hT AeLl SeC LLl qJulC Lb z EQnracl Se a AhnC EfkN z fLe
BjmC H hou Bj jJmel c BLoZ LlRmjz ae CRLaihC LWe iou mMaez BjL hmme, Bj
cMu ca QC k, BmjlJ EQ jel hwmio Sez aRs ae je Llae k, LlBe pdlZ Blhiocl
jMl iol ja qu, hlw LlBe EQjel lNl Blh pqaz aC Hl AehcJ p jel hwmu qJuC fuSez
HjeL ae Qma iouJ LlBel Aehc Ll pWL je Llae ez H edla ea AekuC ae Aehc LlRez
1979 pml pVl jJme jJccl CLml fl flC "Bj jJcc Cpmj lpQ HLXj' ej HLV fae
Luj Ll qu Hhw l bLC Seh Bp Bm MeL Hl XClll cua cJu qkz BShe ae H cua el
pb fme Ll NRez
1981 pm HLXjl XCll qph ayL cua cmj k, agqjm LlBel pqS hwmu Aehc Lll hh
Llez Bj ayL Semj k, LlBel Buapjql k Aehc jJme jJcc Ec iou LlRe Bj pqS hwmu Hl
Aehc Lla QCz agpll Aehc Lll Se LuLSe AehcL hRC Lll Se Q Llez YL J YLl hCl
bL 19 Se ehcL Bpmez acl Aehcl je kQC Lll Se Le pqh Le HLV pl phCL Aehc Lla
cmez flrLl cua Me pqh eSC emez
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Bj Evpql pb Aehc LS Llmjz fbj pl gaql fl pl hLll Aehc Lla bLmjz Me pqh 19
Sel Aehc jekN cu flr Llmez HL pq fl ae Seme k, pqal je HLSel mMJ VLm e
Bj hmmj, pqal jel Qu Bjl eLV pqS io hn lafZz
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pqS iou pwrf Sea flm ejkl jSC hs khz 1983 pmC Bjfl fbj fLna quz
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HV ph quRz

109

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LlBel pqS Aehc' ej 1994 pmC a fLn Llz jTMe 11 bL 25 fll Aehcl SeC pc Blh LuL
jp bLa qmz Bm qjcmq jTl 15 fll Aehc pj Ll cn gl Hmjz
114.

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fyRhl En HVL LS qJu Aa Sll je Llmjz
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Aa LWe iou ae mMRe hmC Bj pqS hwmu Aehc Lla BNq Rmjz Afl AeV Seh Bp Bm
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naLl fn iN pqS hwmu hm Qmz L LWe nl pwM k BR, aa Bjl qph pqS hwmAl Bn flZ
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110

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111

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Blj bL, MJu J mMfs Lll QjvLl pkN fu Nmjz al ej Seh Bhcl lqjz ae 18 hRl bL j
nlg BRez hhp Llez ae cn bLLmJ Cpmj Bcme Aa pu Rme z al hs nluafl Sml
SSl EfSmuz
al hp Lh nlg bL cLmjVl cl qJuu SjBl ejk Rs Aee eju kJu ph Rm ez al hpu
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ka euRe, kje hf-jul Se jul Ll bL z acl 4 pel jd c'ju hs Hhw Rm cV RVz hs jul
hpu 11 Hhw RV Rml hup 3 hRlz Hl phC Bjcl c'SeL Bpm cc-cc heu emz Bjl a c'eael
pb Ha Oe qu Nme k, Jl plrZ ccl pbC bLa Quz
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j 5 ce LlRz hL 10 ce "She k cMmj'-Hl 7V L mMa MlQ quRz YLu Seul jpl Se 4 L
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112

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113

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hCl luJ ejk Bcu Lla quz

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jcel jpSc cn qSl Z hn pJuh quz H BLoZ Rs BlJ cV hs BLoZ pMe luRz HLV qm jkl
nlg kulaz lpm (p), qkla Bh hLl (l) J qkla Jjl (l)-H ae Sel Lhl fnfn Aha z H Lhl jpScl
ialC BRz Hl QlfnJ SjBa ejk Bcu Ll qkz Cjj pqh k SuNu cyse, Hl LuL Lal fReC
jkl nlgz lpm (p)-Hl jull pje cysu fbj aL pmj Seu flfl c'MmgL pmj Seel Se
phC pMe is Llez is euel Se pMe fmn jaue bLz
au hs BLoZ qm "lJkal Sa'z lpm (p) Clnc LlRe, ""Bjl Ol J Bjl jll jTMel SuNVL
hqnal hNeml jd HLVz'' H qcpV pem qlg pMe mM BRz "lJk' je hNez lpm (p)-Hl Lhl
qkla Bun (l)-Hl Ol Aha z lpm (p) kMe cysu SjBl pju Mah cae, pVC qm jl z Lhl J
jll jTMel SuNVL L hqnal HLV hNe OoZ Ll quRz HMe ejk fs, cu Ll J LJBe
amJual Se fQ is qu z H hou flha La BlJ BmQe Lla qhz
115.

jpSc ehh
lpm (p) j bL qSla Ll jce nql "LpJu' ej HL CVel fW Qs YLmez qula Bh BCuh Bepl
(l) J Ae AeLC lpm (p)-L hphp Lll Se SuN ca QCmez lpm (p) hmme k, Bjl EVe Bq
aBml ecn Aeku Le ec e ku hp fshz pVC qh Bjl hphpl ez phC Aa EvpL qu cMa
bLme k, EVe Lbu ku bjz
no fk EVeV HL SuNu ku kMe hp fsm aMe Se Nm k, I Sjl jmL c'Se Cuajz lpm (p)
pqhNZL Sjl jm kQC Lla hmmez pqlNZ Cuaj c'SeL qSl Ll aclL hejm SjVL ce Lll
Se E Llmez L lpm (p) hejm Cuajl Sj NqZ Lla ALl Llmez aC Sjl jm SuN ec Ll
qmz hL Awn jcel fbj jpSc al Ll qmz H pjSc aMe MSl fal hs REehn Rm Hhw jpSc J
bLl Oll jMMe MSl fal hs-C Rmz
jce bL j crZ cL z aC H jpSc bL Lhm crZ cLz H jpScVC "jLSc ehh' h "ehh jpSc'
ej Ma z lpm (p)-Hl pju kMe jqlh Rm, p SuNV jqlhl BLlC lM quR Hhw pMe c'lLBa
ejk fsl Se is bLz ayl pju kMe jl Rm, pMe lV BLll jl ejZ Ll quRz p jl

114

cysu Cjj pqh Mah cez L Cjj pqh ejkl Se kMe cyse, p SuNV lpm (p)-Hl jqlh bL
BlJ LuL Lal crZ Ahaz lpm (p)-Hl jpSc Lhml cL (crZ cL) j LuL Lal hse quRz
jpScV aL npejm Aa jkhaih ejZ Ll qkz pc npejm El J fh-fQj pfplZ l quz EyQ
Rchn hnm fpcl hClJ aecL hlV fL Qal luRz

jpScl LuLV hn
aL Bjm eja hw-Hl NV RcC AJeL NSl pjz NSl ialLl pS-pl jd LlBel Buam
Hje pcl cMu k, cMaC bLa quz QM gle cuz Lhml cL cum Blh LmJNgl BLl LuL
mCe h Bua MQaz Hl eQ lpm (p)-Hl h Efd mM luRz pc Bjm eja Awn Rc NSl BLl eu
hV; AeL EyQ z pl jpScl fmlma aje LlLk eCz L Efl cL Aa QjvLl nfa LlLk
luR, k cMm QM Ss[uz
aL Bjml hw J pc Bjml hw jTMe gyL SuN luR, k 1971 pm bL "77 pm fk cM HpRz
aMe gyL SuNu RV RV fblLZ Rmz ejkl pju Hl Efl LfV hRu cJu qaz Smm Lhal ej
Hcn flQa h fM Ll gm lM Nj Ma is Sja z H fM je qu ceuaC hs hs fL cM kuz
phm Lhal HLC lPlz
1995 pm 18 hRl fl ku cMmj, Lll SuNu jhm fblz Efl BN Le Rc h YLe Rm e HMe HL
hpuLl YLe cMmjz hn LuV fml cM Nm, kl Efl cL bL hnm HL Ra lcl pju Mm Ru ce
Llz Bhl pl pju Vu euz aMe cMa je qu, fmlV AeL EyQ J EflcL j pl qu BRz Efll
AwnVC Ral ja Rsuz HV Mm J Vu ehl pjuLl cnV QjvLlz
H jpScl Hl HLV cn BlJ QLjfcz Ha hnm jpScl Rcl BVV Awn BV SuNu Hjeih hpe quR
k , AdL Nljl pju kL fuu pmL plu eJu kuz dl dl pl ka cM AmLL Llhl hm je
quz NV jpScC Hul-Lnel hh BRz H pJ fQ Nljl pju Rc HiJh Mm cJu quz
j nlgl jpSc Hul-Lnel hh Ll ph euz LlZ Lh nlgl Qlfn hlV HmLu Le Rc eCz H
Mm HmLl fl aL Bjml hw luRz Hlfl pc Bjml pEQ Rchnf hnm jkha jpScz 24 OV jeo
aJug Lll Se Bp hm QlcLl NVpjq Le pju h lM qu ez Hph LlZ Hul-Lnel hh pMe
eCz jcel jpSc la cnVl pju pLm NV h Ll cJu quz gSll pju l qhl HL OV BN aqcl
Bke cJu qu Hhw aMe NV Mm cuz H Bke "Bppma MCle jee eJj' hm qu ez

lpm (p)(p)-Hl jkl nlg

BNC hm quR k, jpScl pbC lpm (p)-Hl bLl Ol Rmz pLm hhl Se Bmc Bmc Ol Rmz H
Olm aL BjmC mql Sm cu Ol lM quRz Lhml cL bL fbj OlV qkla Bun (l)-Hl Rmz H
OlC lpm (p) CLm Llez CLml fl ayl mn Lbu cge Ll qh H hou pqhu Lljl fljn
QmLm qkla Bh hLl pL (l) H qcp fn Llme k, lpm (p) Clnc LlRe, ""eh k e CLm Lle,
pMeC Lhl ca quz"" H qcp Aeku I OlC lpm (p)-Hl jkl nlg luRz
lpm (p)-Hl hMa HLV qcp qm, ""Bjl Ol J Bjl jll jT k BR a hqnal hNeml jd HLV
hNez'' hel Blh qm "lJk'z p qph lpm (p)-Hl jkl nlg J jll jTMel SuNVLL "lJk nlg'
hm qkz L MhC hpul hfl k, fL-ila-hwm Efjqcn lpm (p)-Hl Lhl nlg h jkl nlgL lJk
nlg hm qRz Blh cn H imV LE Ll ez Lhl nlg h jkl nlgC hmz jkl nV kkla n bLC al
quRz kula je cM jkl Ab cMl e h cMl Se kMe mLSe Bpz

115

hh Shlm
lpm (p)-Hl jkll pje Lhm jM qu cysm Xe cL fQj J hy cL fhz jce bL j crZ cLz jkl
nlgl fQj cL jpSc hcl fk pfpla quRz L fh cL j LuL qa flC jpScl pje noz lpm
(p)-Hl hhNZl Olm kMe no quR HlC hlhl fh cL jpScl k NVV luR HlC ej hh Shlm h
ShlDml clSz lpm (p)-Hl eLV a qkla ShlDm (B) hlhlC Bpaez HLce il ae jeol hn EV
Qs Bpmez khl pju lpm (p) -Hl HL hh cMme k, HL mL EV Qs Qm Nmez aMe ae lpm (p)-L
Sp Llme ""Bfel LR L HpRme?'' lpm (p) hmme, ""aj L mLVL cMR?'' SJuh hmme,
""cMC a Sea QCmjz'' lpm (p) hmme, ""ae qkla ShlDm (B) ''z H OVel fl bL H SuNl ej cJu
qm "hh Shlm' z hh je clSz
H NV jpSc YLm fbj hy cL lpm (p)-Hl hhNZl Olml no pje Hhw Xe cL Bpqh pggl
Bez H c'ul jTMel fb cu pje HmC hy cL "lJkam Sa'z no la H SuNu ejk, cu J
amJual Se qkl qhl En hh Shlml hCl aqcl Bkel BNC jeo Ss qa bLz Bke l
qhl pb pbC NV Mm cJu quz Mmhl pb pb Ss qJu mLl csa bL, ka lJkam Sa lpm
(p)-Hl jkll phQu LR SuN ea flz
ql pju HMe phQu hn is quz i dlel LfV cu jpScl Ae HmL bL lJkam Sal eVLL
Qqa Ll lM quRz H HmLVHa qSl MeL mL ejk fsa flz L kMe is hn qu aMe Lal Ha
Oe Oe Lla qk k, fRel Lall ejkL pjel Lall mLcl fW pSc Lla quz H HmLl jdC lpm
(p)-Hl Cjjal SuN h jqlh Aha z jqlhl pbC lpm (p)-Hl jl luRz

Bpqh pgg
pgg je Rfs Ol, Qm, njue Cacz "Bpqh pgg' Ab Rfs Oll hpcz lpm (p)-Hl pju kl Dje
Bel Afld hsOl bL haXa qae al lpm (p)-Hl eLV Hp Bnu eaez j bL HLhl ex Ahu
kl jceu qSla Ll Bpme, ac jdJ LR pwML lpm (p)-Hl LR bLaez cel Se ehcafZ H
pqhNZ jpScl fn HLV NRl eQ bLaez Le LlZ NRl eQ bL e Nm jpScJ bLa qaz ayl
LMe LMe pkN fm njL qph pje Bu Lll QJ Llaez Bpm ayl ph pju lpm (p)-Hl pd
bLC fRc LlaezZ lpm (p) aycl cL hno Mum lMaez ayclL iM lM eS Mae ez
Bpqh pggNZ kMe bLae H eVL jpScl jT bL HL qa EyQ Ll lM quR Hhw H AwnVL faml
al lmw cu Qqa Ll BRz hh Shlm cu jpSc fhn Llm Xe fnC H eVL luRz HMeJ qSNZ
ejk fsl Se pkN amn Llez
Bpqh pgg qph kl flQa aclL BdeL fliou Cpmj Bcmel 'Whole time worker' hm ka
flz LlBel pl Bm hLll 273 ew Bua aycl faC Ca Ll quRz hm quR, ""hno Ll I ph Aih
mLlC pqk fJul qLcl, kl Bql LS Hjeih mN NR k, al eScl hLNa lS-lSNll Se
Q achl Lla fl ez al Ll LR Qu hsu e hm A mLl aclL pRm je Llz ajl Qql
cM acl iall Ah Se ea flz L al HLe mL eu k, eRs hcl ja jeol LR LR Quz
acl pqk ajl k jm MlQ Llh a Bq bL Nfe bLh ez''

lpm (p)(p)-Hl Lhll fn BlJ c'Sel Lhl

116

BNC EM Ll quR k, qkla Bun (l)-Hl OlC lpm (p)-L cge Ll qkz I Ol aeV Lhll SuN
luRz qkla hh hLl pLl CLm qm lpm (p)-Hl Lhl nlgl fnC ayL cge Ll quz qkla Bun (l)
je je Bn foZ Llae k, hL hS SuNVa ke al Lhl quz k c'Sel Lhl pMe BR acl HLSe
ayl j, Bl AflSe ayl faz aC ayl Se Hje hpe ihL Rmz
qkla Jjl (l) Bqa qhl fl kMe hTa flme k, ae Bl hn ce hyehe ez aMe ayl Rm Bhcq (l)-L
Ejm jjee qkla Bunl eLV ayl fr bM HLV Bhce fn Lll Se fWmez BhceV qm, ""Bfel Ol
k c'Sel Lhl luR acl Oe pb qph Bjl She LVRz jal fl ayl c'Se HL pbC BRez Bjl
HL Lje k, Bjl jal flJ ke Bj acl pb SuN fCz JMe Bl HLV Lhll SuNC BR z Bfe
pja cmC Bjl H Bn flZ qa flz Bj Bfel pjal Afru BRz
B Bhcel Lb ehl fl qkla Bun Aa BhNl pb hmme, ""Bjl j J Bjl Bl fn Bjl Lhl
qh hm Bj HLih Lje Ll BpRmjz HMe Jjl kc HV ch Lle aqm BjL hhQe LlaC qhz ae
cel k hlV Mcja LlRe, p LlZ Bj ayl Mal Bjl Lje aN Llmjz''
H pja fJu pJ qkla Jjl (l) ayl RmL Apua Llme, ""Bjl ShaLm ae qua Bjl Mal pja
e cu fleez aC Bjl jal fl Bhl ayl eLV Aeja QChz ae Mn je pja ce aqmC Lhm pMe
BjL cge Llhz''
qkla Jjl (l)-Hl CLml fl Bhl Aeja QCm qkla Bun Aa f Ll fh pjal Lb fLn Llmez

Lhl kula
hnl pLm HmL bL mM mM jpmj el J flo ql BN h fL AhnC jNe nlg ke Hhw pdlZa phC
jpSc ehha 40 Ju SjBa ejk Bcu Lll En 8 ce bLez faL ejkl flC lpm (p)-Hl fa
pmj fn Lll Se fQ is quz fmn phCL nMml pb pm j cu Qm khl Se aNc cuz JMe LEL
cysa cu ez cysa qm jkl bL HLV cl bLa quz jkll HLhl pjel 2/3 pl jeo pmj fn
Lla Lla fh cLl NV cu hl qu kuz
ejkl pju RsJ Bj LMel pMe Sene Ah cMez jeo Mh Lj bLm jkl hlhl LR pju cysu pmj
J clc fn Ll kuz pLm 7V bL 11V fk jqmcl kulal Se pju ec BRzZ aMe Le floL pMe
ka cJu qu ez q J jce nlg kula pfL fQl hC fL fJu kuz aa lpm (p) J Afl c'Sel fa
pmj Sehl Se QjvLl iou AeL Lb mM BRz ihL LlZC phC A BhNl pb pmj Seuz
jklV pem lPl BhlZ mql Sm cu Ol lM BRz LR Nu EyL jl cMl Q Llm Sml gyL Qcl
cu YL BR hm je quz I Sml jd c'qa EyQa LuLV hs R BR a cu ial cM ku z L fmn Mh
LR ka cu ez
1972 bL 77 pml jd kahl NuR, aMe Mh LR kJu kaz L 95 pm ku cMmj, jkll Sml fn
HL qa EyQ J qa csL fn fL pys al Ll fmnl cyshl hh LlRz aC Sml Mh LR khl Efu eCz
BN Ha LR kJu ka k, Sm pqSC qa mNe kaz I pjul Lb je BR k, fmnl qa Lfs
fLe jV cs bLaz LE Sm qa cm h Qj ca QCm fmn I Lfsl cs cu fVaz Bj LuLhlC
mr LlR k, fnL fL-ila-hwmcnl jeo hm Qea flmC fmn paL qu kaz LlZ fmnl Bn
qa k, Hl h-nlBa LR Ll gma flz Hhl cMmj k, fmnL AecL Qu bL Ahu cM HL hql
jdhup mL jkll cL jM Ll pSc cuC gmmz fmnL fVa Bpa cM EW NVl cL cs fmu
Nmz jSll cL jM Ll qa aJm cu Lla cMm fmn JMe bL fVl cL pl Nu Lhm lM qu
cu Lla fljn cuz jkl qm Lhml hfla cLz
117

HL Cc Q
aL npejm pmae ele S HLdl ece f cMme k, lpm (p) c'Se cO nndl pcne NlhZ hL
cMu hmme, ""Hl BjL Smae LlRz HclL fald Ll''z ae HL pehqe eu jce nlg qSl
qmez jcel NielL ecn cme k, jcel pLm floL pmael pb pral hh Lla qh Hhw acl
phCL Mhl cJua ca qhz
HL HL jql mL HL-HL ce qSl qu cM Ll Mu ka bLmz pmae acl jd f cM c'Se mL
amn Lla mNmez jcel pLm floL qSl Ll pJ I c'Sel Le pe fJue Nm ez pmae flne
qu NielL ecn cme k, ph SeNZL ke Sp Ll qu k, Efl hZa c'Se jeo pfL al LR Se
Lez Se Nm k, Hje dlel c'Se mL jcel jpSc lace bLz al ph pju Chca jnm bLz
jpScl HmLl hCl LMe ku ez al lS jcehpclL h LR Efql cu Hhw hfL ce Mula Llz al
hs hSN qph jcehpl imhp ASe LlRz Niel acl c'SeL pmael LR qSl Llmez pmae
aclL cMC QvLl Ll hm EWme, ""Bql Lpj, Hcl amnC Bj HpRz''
aclL hih Sphc LlJ Hje LR Se Nm e, kl ia aclL Afld ph Ll kuz pmae
aclL eu jpSc Hmez jpSc k ec e Hl bL pMe fyR acl hRef plu cM Nm k,
pMe LuLM LW luRz fL jpScl HL SuNu LW bL a ihL euz aC LW am cM Nm eQ
plz pl YL pmae lpm (p)-Hl Lhll HLhl LR Nu cMme k, lpm (p)-Hl ful BPm cM kRz
ae jqal pb fu Qj cmez
pl bL hl qu H c'SeL LWlih Sphc Ll Seme k, al Na LuL jp bL Nil la pl LV
jV eLVha Lhle eu gmRz I LhleVC Sam hL ej Maz Lhle bL pl Ll l qu lpm
(p)-Hl Lhl fyR NRz Bl ce c'ael jdC al lpm (p)-Hl AhLa cq jhlL pMe bL plu eu
kaz Hlfl acl En Rm OoZ Ll k, HMe lpm (p)-Hl mn eCz ae eh qu bLm mn bLh e
Le? Hih Ccl lpm (p) eh Rme e fjZ Lla QuRmz
pmae jcehpclL paha Ll acl SOe J OZ Q fLn Lle Hhw phl pje acl ja c LkLl
Llez
pmae Lhl nlgl uih elfl hh Llme z Lhll Qlfn 5 gV fn Ll pp Nmu HaV eQ fk
YmC Ll cme k, H Sau Q ke Bl Ll ph e quz
Hlfl bL jcel jpSc la h lMl euj Qm Ll quz
116.

nM jShl Nl x BNl J fll Ah

1971 pml 7 jQ lpLp jucel Sepj nM jShl ApqkN Bcmel XL ps cu fh-fLe
plLll LjLa J LjQll fLe plLll BeNa aN Ll nM jShl ecn fme Ll l Llez hwLpjqJ
aylC ecn je Qmmz
H 7 jQC fh- fLel ehek Niel m. Selm V Me YLu fyRez fla Hje fku fyRm k, YL
qCLVl fde hQlfa hH pL ayL Niel qph nfb flQme Lla ALl Llez nM jShl ecn

118

qCLVJ je QmRm z aMeLl hhlZ fhl HL La BmQe LlRz jVLb, pC pju k fla Rm, nM
jSh hwmcnl deal OoZ cm pu SeNZ J fh-fLel hpjlL plLl Aa Evpql pb ps
caz 25 jQ chNa la nM jSh eSl hsa AheLm Selm CuqCu plLll qa Nl qa lS qu
fjZ Llme k, ae fLe bL fh- fLL I pju hR Lll Le p eeez
aC nM jShl Nll fl c'pql jd flaa hlV flhae Hmz fde hQlfa hH pL 9 Hfm fhfLel Niel qph V Mel nfb Aee flQme Llez pQhmu pLm plLl LjLa J LjQl eS eS
cua fme avfl qmez acl jd H dlZ p qm k, V Mel npe VL Nmz CuqCu-jSh pwmf hb
qJuu SeNZ qan qu dlZ Llm k, Bfaa ehQa plLl Luj qhl phe Bl lCm ez

jkcl avfla
"71-Hl j jpl jdC Niel Selm V Mel plLl Sm J jqLj nqll euZ n mi Llez jkcl
avfla nqll hClC pjh Rmz nql LbJ LbJ QlN qjm Lll Se m-N fl hSl hN
hj J A eu HLhl Rchn jkl Bpa HhP eSeal pkN fm hj gm elh Qm kaz fqlu
ek lkLlL pkN ja m Llaz nql Hl Qu hn avfla acl Rm ez
nqll hCl lal hmu al Hp Le pRm hsa EWa Hhw MJu J bLl hh Lll ch Seaz no la
Qm kaz kph hsa al EWa Hl jmLcl LE BlLal pb Bhl LE Al iu acl ch je ea z
acl mr Rm, pehqeL Ns eu kaua hd p Ll z H En LmiV J RV RV fm hj cu dwp
Ll caz H phl fqlu LbJ lkLl bLm acl pb pwOo qaz HmLl SeNZ hd cm al elh Qm
kaz d lkLl bLm m Ll acl LS pjd Llaz
jkcl Bl HLV VNV Rm be nql Hhw ph qm Sm J jqLj nql n-LjVl eaclL qa Llz
Hl gm eScl elfl fuSeC al lkLl J HmLl LR QBphL pwNq Ll la fqll hh Lla
hd qaez Hje ph SuNu jkcl pb LbJ LbJ msC qaz
HLce pl fl Mme pLV qESl HL Ljlu nLjV cuanmcl En hj jl Qm Nmz Ha hn
LuLSe Bqa qmJ LE eqa quez YLu jpmj mN ea Seh ngLm Cpmj jNhSl hsa n LjVl
Agpl cL la hj Rs
y qkz kl Oll ial Rme acl Le ra quez Bjcl Njl jpmj mN ea
jjaS jVll NSuV Rm Oll hCl bLu jlaLih Bqa qm eLVha qm gjm qpfam eJu qu
Hhw pMeC no exnp aN Llz
1971-Hl Se jp je qm k, cJn BCe-nMm hqm qu NRz jkcl avflapJ cn AQm qu fse
aMeJz ah jkcl avflal fauu pehqel an hfL qJuu SeNZl jd A hs Qmmz

hpjlL Niel euN

1971 pml BNV jp fk je qm k, cn BCe-nMm jVjV hqm quRz hhp-hZS J nr fae
kbla Qm BRz V Me Niel qph nfb NqZl fl peREe bL Niel qES Qm Nmez fde pjlL
npeLal fch ae aN Llez m. Selm Bjl Bhcq Me euS fh-SLe pehqel Ljll cua
NqZ Llez cn hpjlL plLl Qm BR Hje dlZ chl ja QC Ll qL, V Me Niel bL Ahu SeNZ
H plLlL pjlL plLlC je Llaz

119

fh- fLe H HmLl Le hpjlL hL Niel Ll ayl Ade HLV jpi NWe Ll qu SeNZL H dlZ
cJu kh k, HMe H cn mLl npeC Luj Ll quRz pha H Sau Q-ihe LlC fpXV CuqCu
Me Lcu njj HHj jmLL 3 pVl Niell cua AfZ Lle z ae HLV jpi NWe Ll fh-fLe
plLl fQme Lla mNmez
L Selm euSl eaa pehqe jkcl WLhl k Q LlRm, al phC fQj-fLe qJuu acl
hl SeNZl jd hlf jeih BlJ hs Nmz hno Ll jkcl an Lla Nu peLl kph Aeu
BQlZ Lla aa acl hl hri h fJuC ihL Rmz Hl gm jkcl fa SeNZl pqkNa
hsRmz ilal pb hnm pj pehqe LaVL fql ca fl? pcl l Rs pj fl qu Bp WLe
LRaC ph euz LlZ SeNZ pehqel hfr J jkcl fr bLu pj h Ll jVC pqS Rm ez

Ccl Nl p
1971 pm Ccl N ilal fdej Rmez CuqCu-jSh pwmf hb qJul fl Selm V Mel flQmeu
YLu hfXL pjlL ekae Qm z Hl fJauu nM jSh Rs BJuj mNl pLm eaeu h iha Bnu
eez
17 Hfm jqlfll hcebamu fhp hwwcn plLl Luj qJul fl H plLll fr bL Ccl Nl eLV
hwmcnL de l qph faa Lll Se Bhce See qkz BJuj mN ea jSel lqje Qdll mM
"lSeal ae Lm' ejL f L hla hhlZ luRz ilau pwNpl fQj-hu J Bpjl Le Le eal
jdj fdej Ccl Nl clhl fyR ph qu p hou ae k mMRme, aa je qu ae uw jM ijL
fme LlRez
fLel Qln ila plLl Hahs jqpkN fu ihLihC Aa Evpq J BlLal pb ph LR Bnp
cmez V Mel pecl AQll iu qc pfcul kl ila Bnu em, acl Se E nhll hh Ll,
BJuj mN eah c Hhw fhp hwmcn plLlL ila
Ahe Lll phch Ll Hhw jkclL Vew J An cu hwmcnl Ail avfla Qmhl hh Ll
Cac khau hhfel cua ihxla plLl fme Ll z HjeL Ccl N de hwmcn fal En fZ
pqkNa Lll Se piua CEeue J ilal jd HLV hno Q rla qkz
1971-Hl pVl fh-fLe hpjlL Niel J jpil flQmeu SeNZl je fLel fa B fehqm
Bnu Ccl N p eme k, d jkcl jdj dea Bcme Qma cl La hRl mN ku a
AeQaz aC ilau pn hqSeL fLe hqel hl plpl k Ll fuSez aC Ccl N H p
emez
ae Efm Llme k, hwmcnl dea Bcme cO pju dl Qma bLm ila plLll LuLV hs Tjm
fqa bLa qhz jkcl Vew J k flQmel hlV huil hqe Lla bLa qhz pehqel CVe
LjL jk flQmeu euSa bLa qhz Ecl pwM hsa bLh Hhw ac ZLk cOce Qma bLl
hlV AbeaL Qf pq Lla qhz
AflcL fh- fLe hpjlL plLl hnce rjau bLa flm SeNZ deal hfl qan qu fsa flz
aRs fLel ila hld fQlZu SeNZl jd ila pfL fhl hlf ih h fa flz ihal
ffoLau hwm cn de qJul hfl SeNZl je pcq pl pju J pkN cJu jVC elfc euz aC I
p eJu Aflqk hhQe Ll quRz

120

14 BN fLel dea chp fme

1971 pml 14 BN fh-fLe dea chp fme Ll quz 23 jQ fLe chp lSde YLa Niel qES
Rs LbJ fLel faL cM kuez pQhmu fk hwmcnl faL Ese quz AbQ 14 BNV YLu LbJ
fLe faL Rs Ae Le faL Esa cM kuez
14 BN n LjVl EcN dea chp Efmr LSe qm HL hlV pd pjhn qkz Ha pifaa Lle "70Hl Lcu ehQe BJuj mNl hl HLj jpmj hSu h fh fLel phL fdej Seh elm Bjez
hcl amLu Bjl ej ae el Rmz fbj c'h aMe pjhn qSl e qJuu BjLC fbj hl ijLu
AhaZ qa qmz hl amL cO bLu 10/12 jeVl hn pju e ehl Se hNZL fljn cJu quz Bjl
ha QmLm Sjua Cpmjl fcnL fQl hiNl pVl CwlS ceL fLe AhSlill pwhcL
Seh elkkje c'hl Bjl qa LNSl VLl am cez fbj VLlu ae Niel V MeL mr Ll cJu
hhl dl hqm lMu chau LNS ae Bn h Lle k, H hal LlZ BjL Nl Lla flz Bjl
hal plLb ejlf Rm x
""1946 pm NV ilaho fLe Cpa jpmj mN ehQe faca Ll z I ehQel gmgm ila hiNl
fr phQu hn pwMu (97%) hPm jpmjelC iV cuz fQj-fLel Le fcn Ha hn iV jpmj
mN fuez fh-fLel SeNZL Le pjlL n fLel Ai Llez ciNhna hNa ehQel fl
fpXV CuqCu Me ehQa eacl pb lSeaL jjwpu fyRa hb qu pjlL n hhql Ll fhfLeL hRa bL lr Lll hh LlRez fLe pehqe kc Ea eaL Qll flQu ca fla
aqm SeNZl B ASe Lla prj qaz pj fcnl jmu J fh fmn SeNZl pb k BQlZ LlR aa
fla BlJ Mlf quRz
n LjVl fr bL Niel pqhL hlhl Hph hou Ahqa Ll pJ ae aclL euZ Lla hb quRez
ae pefa qph k Laa cMa flez L npe rja fuN Ll SeNZL p Lll Se aL kph
fljn cJu quR a kc hhua Lla e fle aqm H pehqe, jmnu J fmnC SeNZL hRal cL
Wm chz SeNZ na bLa Quz kc Aeu BQlZ Ll qu aqm acl B L Ll bLh? SeNZl je kc
fLel fa hlf qu aqm n fuN Ll fLel AMa lr Ll LRaC ph qh ez''
nacl Qql cM Bj Aeih Llmj k, Bjl hh acl jel LbC fLn fuRz Bj H Ah mr Ll
pohd Llmj k, Bjl flha hNZ ejeu io hhql LlmJ I dluC phC hh ca bLmez HjeL
pifa Aa paLa J nme iou hQrZal pb hcl jeih pclih gVu ammez

6 pVl fLe pwqa chp fmez

1965 pml 6 pV ila mql cMm Lll OoZ cu fQj-fLe qjm Ll hpmz I k pn hqel fh-
fLe Agpl J Suel kb cra J Laal flQu cuz k pehqe SeNZl Hje BhNfZ pjbe J
pqkNa fuR k, al She ca Lhd Llez pn hqel mLl k fb Bp-kJu Lla pph lSfb
qSl qSl el-flo, n acl Se gmjm, fW J al Mhl eu Afr Llaz B BLhl de cu
aclL pcl Aibe Seaz
I k Bql lqja ila pfZ hb qu gl kuz Hlfl fahRl 6 pVl fLe pwqa chp fme Ll qaz
1971 pml 6 pVl YLl glnNl fh ebhL qm (mmLW) HL pjhn quz Ha BjJ HLSe h Rmjz
Bjl hau cnl fla pfL Hhw pehqe, jmnu Hhw fl fmnl BQlZ SeNZl jd hlf

121

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Bjl fl fLe ekj Cpmj fVl fcnL pifa jJme pL Bqjc ha Llez ae Bjl qan
fLnl pb HLja e qu Aa BhNfZ iou fLel AMal fa ct B fLn Llmez Bj al
BlLau j qmjz L hTa flmj k, ae fla pfL pWL Mhl lMe ez ae hmme k, hplLl Niel
euN qhl fl flhn a Eq qRz

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"71
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fnpe J fmn hiN H dlZ p qu k, cn BCe-nMml Ea qRz L jkcl avfla h fJuu H
dlZ pWL fjZa quez
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hfL avfla Qmhl Se fRe bL phL pqkNa cu kRmz
71-Hl Ahll nocL ljke jp l qm z H jp fla amejmL nC je qmz 20 eil Dcm gall
HLce fl 22 eil Bj Sjua Cpmjl Lc Ljfloc kNce Lll En m ql lJue qCz 3 Xp
Bj fBCH'l hjekN LlQ bL YL lJue qCz IceC ilau hje-hqe YL hjehcl hjhoZ Llu
Bjl hje Eso bL gl ku nmwLl Lm hjehcl AhalZ Llz
117.

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Hhl (2003 pm) 10 ghul Blgal hnm jkce fu hn mr mL q-pjhn Aea qkz HVC ql
fde Aee z ql aeV glk- ql eua Ll Cqlj hyd amhu EQlZ Ll, Blgal juce 9 Smq
alM cel hm qSl bL Hhw 10 bL 12 Smql jd LhOll aJug Ll, kL aJug Sula hm quz
ql JuSh, pa J jqh Cac jpBm-jpCm BmQe Lll AhLn HMe eCz
h hRl Hhl Bjl q Lll piN qm p fpC ql glk LuV l BmQe l Llmj z 1972 bL 1977
fk BjL hcn cd qu ehpe bLLm q Lll pkN fmJ, Bjl Sjij bL q khl piN
HhlC fbj qmz 1978 pm SmC bL 1994-Hl Se fk 17 hRl Bj Bjl SjijaC plLll eLV hcn
qph NZ bLu Bjl fr fpfV kNs Ll p Rm e hm q kJul Le EfuC Rm ez 1974 pm
hwmcn pfjLV BjL Sjp hwmcnl eNlL OoZl fl hn LuLhl pc hlh pgl NmJ ql
En HhlC fbj kJu ph qmz
Bjl hs Rm Bhcqm jje Bm-Bkj S CpmjL XimfjV hwL "LjEeV XimfjV fnmV'
qph Ljla bLu Bj I hwLl jdj iSV ipu pc Blh Nmjz ql flJ BjL AeL ce mM-fsl
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122

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Bj Seull 5 alM S fyRmjz YL bL pc cahp j HL jpl Se ip cuz HLpb HL jpl
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bLC Lafrl eLV clM fn Ll qmz Se Nm k, plLl p Aeku SmLc jp iSV ipl juc
h Ll qu e, ka iSV ip eu LE q Lla e flz
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jqQu fsmjz p cn plLl euj Aa LsLsih fme Ll quz H Ahu kc ipl juc h Ll e qu
aqm q Lll Le pkNC fJu kh ez BlJ HLV SVmal Lb Se Nmz ql jpj S bL jl
fb LuL SuNu fpfV JQL Ll quz 25 SmLcl fl iSV ipde Le mLL j nlg YLaC cu ez
aC 23 SmLcC j nlg fyRl p ea hd qmjz
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aqm QLfV Lahla fmn QL e LlC ka cuz ql En j nlg fhn Llm Jjlq Ll JuShz
Bjl Su fyRl fl flC I JuSh Jjlq Bcu LlR hm S bL Cqlj RsC ju fyRl En lJue
qmjz Nsa Bjl J c'eae Rm z jje Ns QmRmz LbJ fmn H Ns bjm ez elfc fyRmjz

ju Ahe
BNC EM LlR k, ju qkl LhOll LRC bLl Q Ll, ka 5 Ju ejk SjBal pb qlj
nlgC Bcu Ll pqS quz L Bjl fr H Q Ll ph qm e z 8 Smq fk 15 ce BjL ju bLa
qmz mMfs J lQja e J c'hm Mhl phh Rs pL Ahe ph eu hm Lh nlg bL c'LmjVl
cl HL ce iC-Hl hpu bLl hh Lla qmz
5 Ju eLVha jpSc SjBa ejk Bcu Ll Bl Bql clhl dle ca bL, ka ipl juc hl
hfl k SVma cM cuR a cl qu kuz
Bq aBm hwLl fQ pgm Llme Hhw plLl eujl haj Lp qph ipl juc HL jp h fmz H
pjpl pjde qu kJuu q Lll fb Bl Le hd lCm ez

q Eckfel hno hh
q qla qm Le HL jBjl flQmede bLa qkz S hje hcl q VljemC jBjl aclL l
qu kuz hcn qkcl fpfV edla jBjl LhSu Qm kuz jBjl hhfeuC S bL ju ka
quz j J jceu bLl hh Ll, ql Aeejm pf Lll Se jeu kJu, Blga Ahel fl
jkcmgu l kfe Ll Bhl jeu gl Bp, je bL aJug kulal En ju Hp aJug pjd Ll
jeu gl kJu Hhw je bL nohh0ll ja ju Qm Bp, jceu kulal Se kJu J Bp Hhw phno
S hje hcl qSclL cn gl khl Se fyRu cJu Cac phC jBjl aclLa qu bLz

123

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Aee pf Ll qRz QLl h hhp Efmr k ce iCul ju bLe acl fQuC H hhfe qu bL z
Cpmj Bcmel jdj kl flQa, acl SeC al H hno hh Llez hwmcn qScl jc kl cn
bL ke h Ae Le cn bL Bpe acl jd kl hhfLcl pb kNkN Lle alC H pkN fez kl H
hhfel cua fme Lle alJ Le jBjl LR bLC je J Blga ayh is ee Hhw qScl kaual
hh Llez HhlJ ajeih hh Ll qu Hhw Bj Ha nlL qCz

CSaju q
H hno hhl ej lM quR CSaju qz hwmu hmm pjhaih h pjLih q Llz kl Ha nlL qe
al ql khau Aee fme Ll Aa ald Llez CSaju ql hn qm x
1z Cpmj Bcmel fr bL Le pjme al qm aa XmNV qph kl kNce Lle, acl jd k
aahdl flhn Ns EW CSaju q aje flhn EfiN Ll uuz
2z pwNWeL cL cu phC nMm je Qmu Ai qJuu Le lLj hnMml LlZ OV ez LR mL pwNWe eae
Hp bLmJ flhn aclL pnMm qa pqua Llz
3z 8 Smq bL 12 alM fk 5 ce je, Blga J jkcmgu HLC pb bL, MJu J ql Aeec
fmel jdj flfl Bje jqa Aeih Ll, k flhnL BlJ Ea Llz
4z ql EnL flfl qpm Lll Se Ai J kN fnrLNZl Mcja NqZ Ll qkz q fme ka pje
VJ e qu, pcL cu fuSeu alhual hh Ll quz
5z ql kph Aee fme Ll h, lN J jqmcl Apd pph Arj qScl fr bL a fmel hh Ll qkz
hno Ll ae ce nuaeL fbl jll LSV khLcl SeJ Lpd z CSaju q khLNZ Arjcl fr bL H
LWe LSV pjd Ll cez
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pje Lhd qu e HhP Le lLj pjpl pjMe qa qu ez

jeu lJue
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ayha fyR Bjl SjBa LaL
ek "Bjlm q' Seh jLhm BqjcL fmjz ae pqLl pVl Selm
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Hih "Bjlm q' euN Ll qu Hhw YL bL Le e Le cuanm pMe kez Cpmj hwLl Aeaj
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flhlL fuSe S aL cscs Lla quz H hal jdJ Hhl aeC CSaju ql hhfel fde
cua fme Llez

124

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plLl H hRl q pw eae LR hd-eod Sl Llu hd qu hm EcN ea quz luc J aug bL hn
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fJu Nmz faV ayha 10 Se Ll bLl SuN luRz Bjl phjV 20 Se flo J 12 jqm CSaju q
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bLa quRz
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YLu fyRez YL nqlC al hsz ae al BjLJ ql En eu kez Seh jLhm Bqjc al J
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flhn ql Aeepjq fme Ll Hhw cel QQu Aahqa Llz
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qScl Se plLl hhfe

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125

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fma qmz Bj k fqs Qsmj pMe bL fnl fqs cm cm Ha mL EWR k, d mN hn LuLSe
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Jk J Npm Ll Aphd qhl Le LlZ eCz Jkl Se Bmc hh luRz LuLV ayhl Se HL HLV hs Hul
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hl quz
118.

q pjd qm
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CR bL pJ Bl LuLSeC CSaju q nlL qa fleez
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Qqa Ll bju cm pV fn fL ll fnz HMe ayh MVe eodz Mm BLnl eQ Qcl hRu u
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fqa qaz
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Ll Ll emez Blgal kqll ejkl pbC Bpll ejk Bcu Lla qkz Bl jkcmgu Cnl ejkl pb
jNlh J Cn HLpb fsa quz

126

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p LlC Bpm Enz
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fl VL cuanmcl qa cm al Llhel hh Ll cez
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bL lqC fJu ku jb Ljhl flz
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jeu gl ka quz fQ isl LlZ HVJ ql Aeaj LLl Aeez
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Lla hm Ll jlaL imz lpm (p) hmRe, q Lll pd bL pJ k q e LlC jl Nm, p Cc qu
jlm e Me qu jlm aa Bql LRC Bp ku ez q glk qhl fl pecl mM-fs pj Ll, kul
hu cJu h hhp-hZS BlJ HLV Ru ehl ASqa am hm Ll LRaC EQa euz
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piNSeL je Llaz

q decl
decl L nMu

127

ejk-lk kje Aee eu, aje qJ Aee qph fme Lll hou euz Lmju nqcal jdj jje h
fLa
fr al Shel fmp (ea) OoZ Ll z Lmju aCuh Le j eu k, e hT EQlZ LlmC hqna
ka flhz Ha k mCg fmp h She kfel ea OoZ Ll qu, a Efm Lla qhz
""m-Cmq C jqjcl lpmq'' -Hl jdj OoZ Ll qm k, ""Bj Shel ph r, ph pju HLj
Bql Lj je Qmh, Bql Ljl hld Ll Lj jeh ez Bl Bql Lj HLj I alLu h faa
fme Llh, k alLu lpm (p) fme LlRez lpml alL Rs Bl Ll alL Ahme Llh ez''
kl Lmju aCul h Lmju nqca Hih hT Shel fmp qph NqZ Ll, ac SheC ejk J lkl
En pgm qa flz kph Zhm ASel Se Bq aBm ekk J lk glk LlRe, pph Zhm qpm Ll
Rs Lmjl I fmp Aeku hhe-kfe Ll ph euz H hou Bj Aa QjvLl J qcuNq dlZ fuR
jJme jJcc (l) -Hl LuLV QV hC bLz hCml ej qm, "Djel qLLa', "Cpmjl qLLa' J "ejklkl qLLa'z ejk qm ce ScNl jm iz H ejkl Bpm Ej qpml Efu pfL Bjl lQa "Sh
ejk' fLa fuSeu BmQe LlRz
kl de acl SheL Lmju Ooa fmp Aeku flQme Ll Se ejk J lk kb euz aC Bq aBm
acl Efl kLa J q glk LlRez jJme jJcc (l)-Hl "kLal qLLa' J "ql qLaL' fL c'V
fsl BN H hou Le f dlZC Bjl Rm ez
VL-fup hn bLmC AfQu J Neql LS Lll kNa h fuz aC cM ku, Bql eo LS kje jc,
Su, ke, eQ-Ne, hc MlQ Caca de mLlC m quz
"ce Cpmjl 15V lafZ hou pWL dlZ' ej Bjl fLVa mMR x

kLa deL nr cu
1z del Bpm jmL Bqz aC qmm fb Bu Lla qh HhP qmm fbC MlQ Lla qhz LlZ kLa qmm
Efu Bu bLC ca quz
2z Bql Lj kLa chl fl k jm del qa bL, aJ Bql eo LS MlQ Ll Qmh ez
3z del jm AihclJ qL BRz aC pjSl Aihcl faJ cua fme Lla qhz

q deL nMu
1z de hn BR hmC hmpau j qu ez de BR hmC eel fam pS ez ql L pq Lll kN qJz
2z ka hsmLC qu bL, pmChqe c'Vll Lfs fl pLm fchl jLV gm Mm jbu j, je J Blga
Bql fjLcl pb HLLl qu kJz
3z del J jel aR imhp hpSe cu Bql fj LhOl aJug Llz aJugLl Lll Qu aj
eSL hs je Ll ez
4z Blgl juce jqe jehl pje jb ea Ll Afldl ja cysu del Aql aN Llz aj lS,
hcnq, npL Hhw hs La qu bLm HLb plZ Ll k, Cqljl ja c'Vll Lfs jsC ajL Lhl lM
qhz de J rjal Sl ja ff LlR, a bL jg QJ Hhw Bl ff e Lll p eJz
5z ql fl Neq bL fh qJul a eu hs She Lmjl Juc fme Ll Qmz

pc Blh hwmcn

128

hwmcn SepwM hlV qJuL AeL Bfc je Llz Bj HVL Bql lqja je Llz SepwM hn qJul
LlZC Ha hlV pwMu Bjl hcn NuRz fQj CElf, BjlL, jdfQ (Blh cnpjq) Hh fh cL
pfl, hwLL, Sfe J AVmu, hma Nm hnl h cn hwmcn hfm pwMu fyR NRz Bj ja cn
NuR phC Bjl fu Sjijl hpccl hfm pwMu cM Nhhd LlRz Bjl je quR k, Bjl pl
ceuuC flQa Hhw phcnC hwmcnl Ljcral flQu ca prj qRz
cxMl hou k, Bjcl plLlpjql hbal LlZ Bjcl Senl AdLwnC VLeLm nrl Aih ejjel
LS J Acr njL qph Lj hae LS Lla hd qRz plLl Ahqml LlZC Sen leLl HSpm
d eScl b fhpcl LR bL jV Al VL eu Aa eNZ hae mL fWuz pc Blh gmfCe bL
AeL mL NuRz Hl phC VLeLm mLz aC im hae fuz gefCe plLl 1 qSl luml Lj hae
Le mLL pc Blh ka cu ez
Bjcl plLl kc Afnra, HjeL fCjl fs hLl khLcl CmVL j, fel Lml j, lSj J
LWj qph LS Lll Se Vew cuJ hcn fWhl hh Ll, aqm 10 hRll jd Bjcl mM mM cl
flhl de qu ka fl Hhw fhpcl fla hcnL jl Bu hwmcn AbeaL cL cu uwpfZ qu ka
flz
plLl EcN hcn mL fWhl hh Ll qm Nlh mLclL SjSj, hs-Ol, pqu-pf MlQ Ll Sen
lgaeLl HSVclL hlV Al VL ca hd qa qh ez haje fa Qm bLu fhp k J I HSVcl
jdha cmml h mLl VL jl NhhclL BlJ ex LlRz
pc Blhl ph, hno Ll S, j J jceu hwmcncl pwM hlVz L Acr Sen qJuu al k hlV
A MlQ Ll NuR a nd Lll Se QLl Ll k fu, a Lj hm BlJ hi ljL LS Lla hd quz EflE
aeV nql l fll lMl LS kl QLlla acl jd hwmcnl pwMC hnz 1999 pm Lh nlg J
jcel jpSc "Lel' (Tscl) qph hwmcn LE Rm ez Hhl hn pwMuC hwmcn cMmjz Hl LlZ
HVC k, Ha Af hae Ae cnl mL fJu ku ez nqll lu qmc lwul hno dlel fnL flqa mL
cMmC je LlL qh k, mLV hwmcn qhz Tscll ja Ha RV QLl Llu Bjl Le Bf qa e;
kc im hae cJu qaz Hcl hae j jpL BsCn' lum e Mh cxMhd LlRz Ahn Hcl bL J
MJul hh I LfeC Ll bL, kcl Ade al QLl LlRz
Bj gSll ejk 8/9 jeVl fb qyV S nqll hMl jpSc Bcu Llajz pMe cMmj, Lell fnL
fl HLSe ejk fsC lu LS l Llmz mLV hwmcn qh hm eQa quC LR Nu pmj cmjz hs
Lbu Sp Llmjz Lmme, VCmz BlJ LR Lb hm HLV Oe qu "hae La' Sea QCmjz hmme,
""BsCn lumz'' Sp Llmj, ""La VL MlQ Ll Bpmez'' hmme, ""p Lb e L Llhez'' hmmj, ""Ha
Lj hae Le lS qme?'' ae hmme, "" p cxMl Lb Bl L hmh?'' BjL 500 luml Lb hm YL bL
fWuRz HMe Hp Semj k, BsCnz'' e hpa qmjz HMe bL kl fWuR acl H falZl nLl kl
qR al Lih Hl faLl Llh?''
ju Hl Lel bL Semj k, ae cs mM VL MlQ Ll HpRe Hhw hae fRe 250 lumz Sea QCmj,
""Lh HpRe? hmme, 3 hRl quRz Sp Llmj, ""cs mM L nd Lla flRe?'' hmme, ""HL hRlC nd
Lla flRz'' Sp Llmj , ""Ha Lj hae fu Lje Ll a ph qm?'' hmme, ""H QLmm XEV Ll k
pju qa bL aMe h lLjl LS fJu kuz'' hmmj, ""Ha LS Lla Se Lmu?'' hmme, ""cu WL Llz''
Su Bjl L "hcnq gupm fnmCSX qpfam' ia Lla qmz pMe 'Lel' qph hn LaL
hwmcnl pb cM qmz acl jd NSuVJ BR z Ahn HMe hael ql imCz pc Blh mM mM

129

hwmcn Ljla luRz Hl jd Xl, Ceul J LR fnpeL fc kl, acl hae MhC BLoZuz L acl
pwM MhC Ljz

hhphhp-hZS hwmcn
Su Le Le jLV h cLe hwmcnclz je qu, ke YLl Le jLVC BRz L BCeNaih H phl
Le jmLe acl euz Le pc eNlL Hph Lcel jmLz fyS J nj phVLC hwmcncl z fa jp d
cLe is eu, cLe hhc hn hs A pc jpLL ca quz pc eNlLcl he fyS J he nj hfm Bul
pkN luRz
pc eNlL al hNa LjQl qph hcn bL mL ehl BCeNa AAdLl iN Llz HV acl Bul
BlJ HLV hlV Evpz al I AdLlhm hlV Al heju hcn bL mL eu L aL eu LjQl qph
euN Ll ez LlZ Bpm Hje Le LS al eC, kl Se mL euN Ll clLlz al ip Le k mLV p
cn Nm, p eSl Qu LbJ QLl kNs Ll h hhp Llz BCeNaih p I mLlC LjQlz hRl no
al ipl juc hshl Se I mLl LRC ka qah z p mL al LjQl qphC ipl juc hshl hh
Llh Hhw Hl Se Bhl aL jV A ipl jm ca qhz
j J jcel ka cLe BR, Hphl fyS J flQmLl naLl 80 iNC hcnl z AbQ H phl BCeNa jmL
pc eNlLlz d pc BlhC eu, Le Blh cnC Le hcn h hRl Ljla bLmJ HLM Sj, HLV hs
h cLe Le BCeNaih jmL qa flh ez jmLeu nlL qhl Le AdLl hcnclL cJu qu ez H
pJ pMe hcncl pwM eucl Qu hnz

pc Blh hwmcncl pd
Hhl pc Blh ae jplJ hn pj?u Ahe Ll pJ mMl LS jqh bLu hCl Olgl Lll pju
fuez hSl HLceJ kCez pj EfLm Bjl Rm J hj Hhw eael Bjl LJ hsa eu NRz Hl BN
BjJ quRz kih pSe quR, aa Sl pj EfLm cMl jaC hVz L Hhl pju MlQ Ll ph qm
ez
pc Blh Qmgl Llm phC hwmcn iCcl pb cM-prv quz L Hhl acl pd bL haC bLa
qmz hcn cn iCcl pb pral aC Bmcz
j-n-Bq, p cn hwmcncl pwM Ha hlV k, LbJ Nm Ll e Ll pb cM quC kuz Su HL
hl V is Ll SjBl ejk Nmjz Bjl Rm jje pb Rmz XCill pb Bmf Ll Se Nm, al
hs ge Sml RNmeCua z Bjl flQu fu BhNl pb hmme, ""Bfel Lb Ha eR k, cMl CR
Rmz Le ce cMez BS Hih cM qu Nm , HV Bjl piNz eR Bfel Rm Cpmj hwL BRez
Rml flQu fu BlJ Mn qmez is ea jVC lS Rme e, Sl Ll fLV ca qmz
la MJul fl 15/20 jeV lu qyVa hl qajz HLSe gp khL a Hp qa jmu flQu fu haja
Bhcl Ll HL cLe eu Nmz cLeVJ HL hwmcn iCul z BjL LR e MCu RshC ez Bj Apju
LR MC ez no fkeBa HL nn gml lp Ma qmz RmV flQu cm k, p Cpmj Rnhll pb Rmz
HMe HL pcl fCiV Ll Qmuz Nsl jmL eL Mh Bcl Llz RmVl hs hNjN (euMm)z H Sau
AeL prv fb-OV quRz acl pd paC j quRz
119.

130

Sjual Ljfloc Bjl lfV

fh EM LlR k, 1971 pml 22 eil Bj Sjua Cpmjl Lcu Ljflocl hWL kNcel Se mql
Nmjz jJme jJccl pifaa Aea hWL fh- fLel Ah pfL hla lfV fn Llmj Bjl
Sjuapq hn LuLSe fn Ll k LR Sea QCme aJ Semjz
Bjl lfVl plLb Rm ejlf x
1z hpjlL Niel J jpil flQmeu fcnL plLll ijLu SeNZl jd kl fLe bL hR qa Qu
e, al jVjV pz nqlm BCe-nMm flaJ puSeLz
2z pehqel BQlZ SeNZl jd hRal jeih h fRz al jkcl pqkNa LlRz kl fh
hlda Lla alJ Bl hd cu ez pj HmLu lkLllJ jkcl jLhmu HNu Bp ez LlZ al
Bl Sepjbe fu ez
3z nqlmJ fe fmn J pj jmnul BQlZ acl hl hlf jeih h fRz AbQ Ea eaL
Ql l SeNZl je Su Ll ph Rmz
4z pn jkclL ilal pehqe plpl fRe bL pqk LlRz HV Se NR k, ila plLl p
euR k, nal jJpjC hwmcn de Lll LS pjd Lla qh HhP fuSe pehqe plpl k Llhz
fpXV CuqCu Me H Mhl fuRe Le Bjl Se eC z ilau hje-hqe qjm Llm fQj-fLe bL
ilal Efl cu hje-hqeL fh- fLe ka cJu qh ez H Ahu ilaL faqa Lll Efu pfL
plLl L Q LlRe, a fh- fLel NiellJ Se eCz
5z LmLa bL "de hwm hal Lc' k fQl LlR SeNZ aC hnp LlRz fLe hal Lcl Lb al
hnp Ll ez SeNZ phQu hn hnp Ll hhp bL fQla Mhl J fkmQez hhp de hwm Bcmel
ffoLa LlRz
pehqel Aeu BQlZl Mhl naZ hsu LmLa bL fQla qRz hno Ll el-ekael hfL fQl
SeNZl jd jlaL hlf fau p LlRz fLe lXJ de hwm Lcl jLhm Lla hb qRz
Bjl H lfV ehl fl jJme jJcc BjL fljn cme k, Bj ke fpXVl pb prv Ll ayL Ahqa
Llz Ljflocl hWL no Bj fpXVl pb pral En lJumf Nmjz Sjual Agp bLC
fpXV qES kNkN Ll qmz Se Nm, ae ce fl Rs pju cJu ph qR ez Bjl qa Ha pju
eC k, LuLce hp bLz Bl Hje Le LSJ eC k, pjuV LS mNa flz Sjual LuLSe BCeSh
hl mChla BCeShcl pjhp hh lMl no cL ri fLn Ll hmmj, ""fpXV pqh 25 jQ YLu
pehqeL ecn chl fl Na 8 jpl jd HLhlJ fh-fLe kJul Le fuSe je Lleez ae L d
fQj-fLel fpXV? kc fh-fLelJ fpXV qu bLe aqm al pehqe pMe Lje cua fme
LlR Hhw SeNZl jd Lje fau qR a far Lll Se HLhJ Nme e Le? Bj pMeLl qm Ah
pfL fpXVL Ahqa Lll Se pju QCm fpXV qES bL hm qm k, ae ce fl pju cJu qhz Bj
BNj ceC Qm ka QCz pral Se ae ce Afr Ll ph euz'' Lbm ril pb hmu Ls ioC
fLn fmz
pjhn no jNlhl BNC hcu eu Sjua Agp gl khl pju hl Hppune NVC pc fnLl HL
imL Bjl pb qa jmmez flQu cme pjlL Nuc hiNl mLz hmme, BNjLm pLm 10Vu
fpXV pqhl pb Bfel pral pju edla Ll quRz Bj hpa qu Sea QCmj k, HLV BNC a
Bj ri fLn Llmjz HlC jd Lje Ll HfuVjV qu Nm? ae hmme, Bfel hh QmLmC fpXV
qESl pb kNkN Ll hh LlRz Bj al avflau j qmj Hhw pral hh Llu Llu Semjz

131

fpXV CuqCul pb prv

BCuh Me bL fpXV cua NqZl flflC CuqCu Me YLu Hp lSeaL eahcl pb pSe prv
Llez al pb aMeC fbj pral pkN quz 70 pml jTjT YLu al pb auhl prv quz 71-Hl
eill nocL al pb Bjl aau prv quz
Bj kbpjuC fpXV qES fyRmjz BjL pjlL fnL flqa HLSe Agpl NV bL eu Nme Hhw
plpl fpXVl pje fyRu cmez fpXV al Bpe bL EW Bjl pb qa jmme HhP qa dl HLC
pgu al fn hpmez Seme k, Ae fNj Lepm Ll Bjl Se H pjuV hl Ll quRz Bj Llu
Semj HhP hmmj k, BS pral pju e fm Bfel pb cM e LlC BjL Qm ka qaz Bj Ahm
YL gl ka QCz
fbjC Sp Llme k, fh-fLe bL Lh HpRe? pMeLl Ah Lje? SJul hmmj k, 5/6 ce BN
mql fyRRz pMeLl Ah BfeL AhNa Lll SeC f HpRz a e qm JuLw LjVl hWL no YL
gl kajz alfl hmmj, ""Bfe a fh- fLelJ fpXV z 25 jQ Selm V Me pjlL Aflne l
Lll fl Na BV jpl jd Bfe HLhJ pMeLl Ah plSje cMl Se Nme ez SeNZl fr bL
lSeaL eahc Bfel pral pkN fm ez pMe Nm SeNZl fau Qr cM Bpa flaez''
ae ka e flu cxM fLn Llme Hhw LR ASqaJ cMez
Bj ayl eLV fh- fLel Ah WL I iouC fn Llmj, kih Sjual Ljfloc fn LlRmj z ae H
ph e hmme k, Bj k hmR jVjV Aelf lfV aeJ fuRez ah pehqel Aeu BQlZl Mhl fee
hm hT Nm al HLV Lbuz
ae BjL Bn Lll En hmme, ""BS aL fku fh-fLe pVl pjdel HLV gjm eu Lbha
QmRz H jqa H hou f Le dlZ cJu ph euz HLV jjwp qu kh hm Bn Llz''
Bj hmmj, ""SeNZl ehQa ea J cml pb jjwp Ll Rs Le pjdeC VLh ez al a fLe bL
hR qhl p eu ila J lnul pjbe fuC NRz H Ahu jjwpl fb L Ll BR?
Hl SJuh hmme, ""acl pbC jjwp Lll Q QmRz cM kL L Ll kuz''
Bjl no Lb Rm, ""Bfe fh-fLe Lh khe HhP pMe Bfel pb fla eu BmQel pkN fJu
kh Le?
ae H Lb hm BjL hcu Llme, ""jjwpl gjm
eu HMe jqhz H fQ pgm qm AhnC khz''

jjwpl fQ
nM jShl pb jjwpl Le dlel Q QmR a Bj Sel Q Ll hb qmjz Le dlZC Lla flmj ez
Bjl pb CuqCu Mel E pral 6 ce fl 3 ap ilau hje-hqe YL hje hcl hj gml jdj
hTa flmj k, Le gjmC Le LS Bpez CuqCu Mel I fQ pfL 1973 pml jTjT me Bjl
fle Oe h X. S. XhE Qdll jM hla emjz ayl The last Days of united Pakistan' ejL hCV
1974 pm me bL fLna quz ae pMeC BjL hCV cuRmez HC hCa I hCa I ph ab fJu kuz

132

1991 pm H hC-Hl mML Bjl hsa Hp hmme, ""cMe a LlhlV! BjL e SeuC Bjl I hCV hwmu
Aehc Ll Rfu hCV BjL fSV LlRz Bjl Aeja ehl fuSehd Lleez Ahn hCV hwmu fLna
qJuu Bj MnC quRz''
"AM fLel no cem' ej hCVl AehcL Seh pL pmj, fLnL Bhcq pjj, qL Lb fLne,
YLz fLnel Le WLe hCVa eCz k fp ja quR Hl WLe BRz pV fVw fp mjVX, 435
HmgV lX, hs jNhSl YLz
Na ghul jp pc Blh bLLm Bjl pVClL H hCV pwNq Ll qS pqhcl Ll qa fWa
hmRmjz L LbJ fJu kue hm Sem qan qmjz LlZ I ph ab Bl LbJ fJu ku ez Na Hfm
jpl nocL pVl eSjm qL hCV fu Aa Mn qu Bjl qa cmz Sea QCmj, ""Lbu fm?''
hmm, ""Sjual fLneaC fJu Nmz'' ""aqm BN fm e Le?'' pmpjel Se Rm ez flae hCul
pb fs Rmz qWv Bjl QM fsm z hpa qmjz Ha LR bL pJ kMe QCmj aMe fmj ez

X. S. XhE Qdl
lhe, npea hno J Cpmj Qhc Xl Nmj Juqc Qdl jclfl Sml Adhpz fQlhjM H he
hV 1997 pm BjlLu 71 hRl hup elhC ceu bL hcu qu Nmez Qmgl J fnL-flRc Aa
plm fLal mL Rmez ayl jel e J cnfaL MyV jpmjl pwM Bjcl cn eNZz
1990 pm me fLjb al 'Islam and the Contemporary world' ejL 221 fl hCV Cpmj Bcmel
HL Ajm pfcz
H jeoVL Bj Aa imhpajz ayl pb Oe hal pfL h hRl bLz ae EcN eu Hhw HNu Hp
BjL j LlRz ayl alde Bj HLSe jpmj hl pd bL ha qmjz
1991 pml pwpc ehQel fl flC ayl fu R aMeLl pefde Selm ele Mel Aeld ae Bjl LR
Bpez hHef J Sjual Lumne plLl NWel Se ae ijL fme Llez alC hpu hNj Mmc Sul
pb Bjl hWL qu Hhw pMeC hHefL plLl NWe pqkNa Lll p qkz Ahn Sjua jpiu kNce
Llez
k pju hQlfa pqhe Bqjc cnl fpXVz OVej aeJ X. Qdll fu Rz YL hnhcmu X. Qdl
lhel AdfL Rmez 1956 pm kMe fbL ehQe J k ehQel ah haL Qm Hhw Eiu frl Bcme
juce E Rm, aMe CwlS ceL jew eES fbL ehQel fr HhP k ehQel hl nZa k fcne
Ll ayl lQa hlV HL fh fLna qkz Bjl pb aMe ayl Le flQu Rm ez Sjua Cpmjl fr bL
E fhV fLLl Rfu hnhcmul pLm qm hfLih hm Ll qkz hnhcmu k ehQefcl fhm
n bL pJ ee Ohsee; hlw ayl mMV fQla qJuu ae hpa qmJ, Mh Beca qez fLa Sjua
Cpmj LaL fQla hm EM bLu Bjl pb ayl pfLl pQe quz
BCuh Mel npejml no cL ae fLe Lcu plLll fll hiN NhoZ pml XCll Selm
qph cua NqZ Llez aMe ae lhe hiN lXl Rmez Qel pb fLel pfL Oe Lll hfl
ae hno iaL fme Llez I pju ae YLu Hp Bjl pb EM Llez Bj pjSal hl hh
lnul pb pb Qel LbJ EM Llajz lnu fLel hl ilal pb NyVRs hdu fLeL ilal
jLhmu Qel pb ha Ll fuSe qu fsz X. Qdl Qel pb H hal Mal Bj ke d lnul hl

133

hm H hou BjL fljn cez pjSal hl hml Se lnul EcqlZC kb hm Bj H fljn NqZ Llmjz
Qe ilal n qphJ fLel hz nl h qphC NZz
BCuh Mel fael fl pefde Selm CuqCu Me rjau Ada qhl fl X. S. QdlL npea hno
hqh Lcu jpiu NqZ Llez j qph YLu Hm Bjl pb AhnC kNkN Llaez
CuqCu-jSh pwmf hb qhl fl ae ja bL fcaN Ll fLe bL pflhl me Qm ke z cnl Ah
cMl Se "71-Hl jTjT YL Hme Hhw lJumf ku pehqel BQlZl hl CuqCu Mel eLV
AikN Llmez
nM jSh kclL hwmcnl eNlLal AkN OoZ LlRme, p amLu X. QdlJ Rmez aC ae me
lSeaL Bnu eu LRce Ahel fl BjlLu Lmu hnhcmu BSaL hou Adfel cua fez
hnhcmul RV ae meC LVaez ayl hpu hhl cJua MuRz ae pflhl Rme hm ayl hpuC
BjL ka qaz Bj HLC HL Baul hsa Rmjz
1975 pml 15 BN hl Bj gSLll ejkl pjul Afru Suejk hpz ge hS EWmz H pju LE
ge Ll ihL eu hm Bj ge dla QCmj ez L gel BJuS h qu e hm hll pbC ge EWmjz
X. Qdl Lb hmme z Sp Llme, ""Ojl XVh Llmj e a?'' SJuh cmj ae hmme, ""BdOV fk ge
hSa bLmJ Bj Rsaj ez'' hpu fLn Ll hmmj, ""Hje Apju Sc Ll ge dl bLme, hfl L?''
SJuh hmme, ""hfl Aa lz YL bL ge Hje HL Mhl fmj, k phfbj BfeL Sehl Se ge
dl BRz MhlV fJul pb pbC BfeL ge Llmjz Bj hmmj, ""BjL Bl EvLu e lM MhlV hm
gmez'' ae nM jShl qal MhlV k iou cme a HMe Ea Llmj ez MhlV flhne Lll fl BjL
lXJ bL Legj Lla hmmez BlJ hmme, ""lnu J Cue lXJ H hou LRC hmez hhp e cMez''
gSll ejkl fl hhp bL MhlVl paa Se Nm z X. Qdl bLC H Mhl fum Semjz
X. Qdll X. cml Qdl SqleNl hnhcmu lhel fgpl z ge Mhl emj k, ayl c'Rml
BjlLu BR L'Sel cc quRe Sea QCm hmme k, hs Rml c'pe quR, RVSel HMeJ quez Bjl
ja aylJ Le Le pe eCz
X. Qdll mM "AM fLel no cem' hCV hwmcn Sauahc hnpcl fsl ja HLV jmhe hCz
no cL pjTal L Q CuqCu Me LlRme, p ASe ab H hCVa BR hCVl ijL HMe Bj am
cR, ka hCVl BmQ hou pfL LRV dlZ fJu kuz

AM fLel no ceml ijL

Le fLe HLV Sau p ASe hb qm? Bl LeCh fLe HLV anm lSeaL fa Nsa hgm
qm, ka fh J fQj-fLe H Eiu Awn pje Awncl qph hphp Lla fla? fLe L paC iol,
BhqJul Hhw Shekl HL AhekN hiN Rm? Hhw HVC L pa k, (1971 pm) fLel cCV l
hi H dlZlC hma La k, HV Rm HL Ahh l, kl cC Awn qSl jCm hhde Aha? fLe
Sauahcl Eh expcq io, Sap, pwal hia Hhw phfl iNmL hRa l SVma p
quRmz L aau hnl AeL cnC BmL SaNa J ioNa Qlj hoj J fLV ESe hlS LlRz gXlm
fa h eh-de B-Hnu cnC hQ SapNa, pwaL, dju ioNa HhP NNa pjp pjde pgm
fjZa quRz L fLe gXlne Aelf pgm ASe hb qm Le?

134

cnl cC Awnl iNmL hRa expcq Hl hLnje Sauahcl fr hlV jL Rmz L EfNqkNkN hh J SV hjel HC BdeL kN HC iNmL cla Aeaj LR Rm ez HV funC hm qa k,
fh J fQj-fLel jT Lhm dj Rs Bl LRlC he Rm ez kc pVC fLe iP kJul HLj k
qa, aqm HV axC fn SN k, Hje L pdlZ Aia fQj-hwml hPm J jScl HLC ila CEeue
HLp hphp phfl Ll amR?
1971 pm fLe hi Hhw hwmcnl Aicul hocju Lqe qR, fLe pehqel Selmcl HC im
dlZ k, al qR ""Sau bl lrL'' Hhw hwmcnl nM jSh J "eh' fLel SXH i-HC cC Apv,
Apwkj J EQLwr lSeaL eal pcqSeL ijLz 1971 pm fLel pV Rm hqxn Ssa cmcml
hfl, ka AilZ lSeaL Efcepjq Hhw BSaL flhn-flal kNp Rmz
fLe Rm Hh Sau Bcmel gpm, kMe AM ila Apqenm pwMNl N Aee SaNpjql
eupa Bn-BLwr kbkbih Efm Lla hb quRmz HV paC cxMSeL k, fLe al eSl Caqp
qa mihe quez fLe pl fRe QmLn Rm NZaz L cn NWel flflC NZaL faL qa Ll
qmz
fbj AfZ pwpcu hhl Ade Hhw fl pjlL plLlpjql Ade NZaL fal AdeC Rm fLel
Sau AMa lru hba HhP flno 1971 pm hil fRe jm LlZz expcq Aee LlZ kje-fh J
fQj-fLel jbfR Bul oja, iNmLih hR cC Awnl mLSel pwaL pwOa Hhw phno
SVm hqxnNa LlZ AilZ hhd npjqL Slcl LlRz L H pj LlZLC HL Ab cn NZaL
hhl AefalC gpm hm kuz
HC hCu Bj 1969 pml jQ BCuh Mel fae qa 1971 pml Xpl YLl fae fk cnl AilZ J
hCll OVehml hZe J hnoZl fup fuRz HC hCu dj, Am Hhw hha HC aeV houl pwOa p hPm
EfSauahcl Sjl pwr BmQe Ll BCuh Bjml HLV jmue LlR, k Bjm fLeL AeLC
Euenm cnpjql Se Bfaca "lSeaL anma', "AbeaL ANNa' Hhw "de fllea' fia iN
LlRm z L he J AilZ hnoZ HV fbuje qh k, NZaL hhl ja Hhw BCuhl Ade la
fl Eh Rm AM fLe Maj qu kJulC l jz fLe iP kJul Bpm LlZ qR, BCuh Mel
lSeaL hh, kl Ade hPml Sau hfl ph lLjl EcN qlu gmRmz Aelfih al 1965 pm
ilal pb pjlL jLhml ja dwpaL eaJ AM fLel Aal Efl phen fih gmRmz
1969 pml jQ kMe CuqCu Me rjau hpme, aMe ae HhP al pjlL plLl fh-fQj fLel ial
hlSje ESe elpel Se BlL phno fQ QmuRmez L flha OVefhq HV fjZa qu k,
fhh a hCn hRll cxnpel p SVm fla jLhm Lll ja pjb CuqCu Mel Rm ez Aelfih
flno ayL k c'Se lSeaL eal pb hTfs Lla quRm, aclJ e Rm paa, eufluZa Lwh
leuLpmi Le Ecl ciz hCll EfceJ E flaL Bl SVm Ll amRmz
gm k cysm a qm, pjlL plLll eLV qa SeNZl ehQa faedcl LR rja qll fu hs
jjL Nqk fkhpa quz AilZ LlZpjq HhP nihf BSaL flal pjmel LlZ HC pwOoL
Ah pjdekN Rm ez Le ehQa Sefu hpjlL plLll qa rja ql CuqCul flLfe hbau
fkhpa qm? I flLfe L hPmcl BmL unpel chl Se Afk Rm? eL hPml BNC nM
jShl eaa de ll hffl p NqZ Ll gmRm? CuqCu Me Hhw al pjlL plLl L hPm
fiha hpjlL plLll LR rja qll hfl BlL Rme? nM jShl 6 cg flLfelC h L avfk
Rm ? HV L hRal Se HL mua osk Rm, eL HV d BmL unpel ch Rm? jSh L al
eS SeNZ Hhw CuqCu Mel pjlL plLll pb hTfsu BlL J ALfV Rme? al fmp L pwOoL Xe
Bee? il ijL HhP mrC h L Rm? HV L pa k, ae AM fLel Qu rjal faC hn jqN

135

Rme? 1971 pml Seul-jQ Aea phno BmQeu Awncl aefrl loVeuLpmi J Bapwkj ea L
jjL NqkL flql Lla fla e?
hwmcn pVl BSaL avfkhm L Rm? HV L fL-ila hhc Hhw Efjqcnu ESel pb Nba Rm
e? Bl HC pV ilal ijLC h L Rm? al ijL L flfl jehal MalC flQma Rm, k lLjV p
ch Lla? eL a al HL cnjel hen pde HL Ej pkNl pe Rm? cC flnl hnSs fakNa
Hhw crZ J crZ-fh Hnuu Qe-pika hla hwmcn pVl EflC h L fih gmRm?
Hm Hhw Hlf Bl AeL fnC flr J hnoZ Ll quR HC hCuz fLel iPe HhP hwmcnl Aick
HLV hlV avfkfZ hflz HMe Bjl cMh k, HLV lSeaL Qlhqe plLl a kaC pcRl AdLl
qL e Le, aau hnl HLV eae cnl SVm pjSL-AbeaL pjphml plq Lla pjb euz HV Bl
faia qu k, Lih AdLal nnm HL fahn cn HL chm cnl AilZ pVl pkN NqZ Lla fl
Hhw hih flnpjq acl HSVl jdj aau hn acl hn-fakNa Qmu ka flz
120.

YL lJue qmj
fpXV CuqCu Mel pb pral fl I ceC mql gl Nmjz flce H pral lfV jJme jJccl
eLV fn Llmjz ae jh Llmle, ""pjlL n fuNl BNC pjTal pWL pju Rm z aMe kl hb quR
HMe Lje Ll pgm qh? iha LRaC Le pjTa qa ch ez"'
Bjl YL lJue qhl Se fBCH (fLe CVlenem Hul mCp)_Hl 2 Xpl pV hL Ll qmz Bj HL
alMC LlQ fyR Nmj z hje cfl HLVu YLl En lJue qhl Lbz pLm qWv Cpmjhc bL Seh
elm Bje ge Ll 2 alMl hcm 3 alM kll fljn cmez YLu eu khl Se LR Sep ae LlQ
fyRhl hh Llme, k Bjl pb eu ka qhz
Mhl eu Se Nm k, 3 alM fe Le Bpe Mm eCz fBC-Hl VX CEJeue "fue' aMe Sjua
Cpmjl pjbLcl qaz fuel pifaL Sjal LlQ nMl Bjl ecn cme k, 3 alMC Bjl Se HLV
Bpel hh Lla qhz Se Nm k, CLej Lp Le Bpe kNs Ll ph euz AeL Q Ll gV Lp
HLV Bpe Mm Lll hh Ll uuz a-C hh Lla hm qmz Bj Hl BN LMe gV Lp jZ Lll
hmpa Llez cu WL aMe phfbj gV Lpl VLV ea qmz
LlQ hje hcl kqll eju Bcu Ll fe Qsmjz LlQ bL YL fyRa BsC bL ae OV pju mNl
Lbz L ilal Efl cu khl Aeja Rm ez N ej ilal HLV AilZ hje qCSL Ll Lnl
jSqcl mql eu kuz mql AhalZl pkN cl fand ehl Se ilal Efl cu fLel hjel
kaua eo Ll qkz aC Bjl hje nmwLl Efl cu ka hd qkz Ha jV 6 OV pju mNz
Bj Seml fnl Bpe Rmjz ae OV fl mr Llmj k, hje nmwL fl qRz Ha Efl bLJ nmwLl
elLm NR cM Nmz je qu NV cnVC HL hlV elLm hNez
HL OV fl Bpll ejk Bcu Lll Se Bjl BcS ja Suejk hRmjz g Lp fQl SuN bLz
LLfVl LR kb gyL SuNz Bj fel LLfVL fRe lM Lhm lM Ll Suejk famjz fel
hmm, ""pl Bfe EV cL lM LlRez'' p Bjl Suejk LLfVl cL lM Ll fa cmz Bj hpa qu

136

fn Llmj, ""fe L YLl cL kR e? Bj a p qph YLl hfla cL Lhml qph LlRz'' hmm,
""Bjl fel Nahd Sez Bjl LbjaC ejk fsez'' je MyaMya euC ejk Bcu Llmjz

Lm hje hcl AhalZ

HL OV fl fel LVe OoZ Llm k, Bjl Aehk LlZ Lm hje hcl AhalZ LlR z e Bj
laja qai qu Nmjz c'OV BN Lm fl qu ka cMmjz nmwL fl qhl HL OV fl Bpll ejk
fsmjz HMe nmwLl lSde Lm gl Hmj Le? H fnl Le SJuh LE cm ez ah HV hTmj k, Bj
ejk fsl jpu fe YLl cL e ku EV cLC BpRmz
Lma Bjcl fe AhalZl pju cel Bm fs Ahu bLmJ f cM Nm k, fBCH'l BlJ HLV
hje VljL BN bLC bj BR z L Sp Ll Se Nm k, YL bL LlQNj feC pMe m Ll
BRz hjel LVe LRC Sem e k, fe YL e Nu Lm Hm Le? Aa Ahd Lla mNmjz Q
Ll Lm-Lel fRmj ez
Lm hje hcl Lell fmel VumV fll Lla Bpm cMmjz fu c'OV fl f Bhl BLn Esmz
jNlhl eju Lm hje hcl Bcu Llmjz

S hje hcl AhalZ

fe Lbu kR a SeR e hm flne hsC Qmmz lJ LRC hma flR e h hmR ez LlQ bL cfl
HLVu fe YLl En lJue quRmz Bjl Os Aeku YLu p paVu AhalZl Lbz Lm bL BVVu
lJue qu YLu fyRa ae OVl hn mN EQa euz p qph Bjl Osa 11V hSl flJ kMe fe QmRC
aMe hTmj k, YLl cL kR ez kc LlQ gl ka aqm H pju fyR kaz aqm fe Lbu kR?
Osa hlV hSl flJ fe HLC Naa QmRz AbQ Sea flR e k, Lbu kRz HV k La hs ALl
Ah a Aecl fr Efm Ll Aphz
Bjl Osa kMe la c'V hS aMe fel LVe Sem k, Bjl S hje hcl AhalZ LlRz Lbu YL
Bl Lbu S Sl ej eC QjL EWmjz YL fyRa e fll cxM im Nmjz j J jcel k BLoZ
faV jpmj BShe pMe fyRl f cMa bL, pMe qWv Ll fyR Nmj! HL hpuLl BhN jeL
pfZlf BR Ll gmmz HLcn bL Bl HL cn ka qm fpfV mN, ip pwNq Lla qu Hhw hjel
VLV Mlc Lla qkz ih hj qmj k, he fpfV he ipu , he VLV, Hje L he euj Hje SuNu
fyR Nmj, kMe Bpl d fC cMaj z hh Lh a ph qh a LfeuJ Bpez
k qL, hje bL ejl fl fel pLm kL hje hcll HL HmLu pjha Ll qmz hcn pgll Bjl
Le Aia Rm ez Ahn 1950 J 1953 pm Bj ahmN Sjual jdj iha NuRz L aMeJ
fpfVl fuSe que hm iplJ hh Ll mNez
hcn Nm hje hclC CjNne LEVl fpfV cMa quz alfl Le hd e bLm p cn YLa cuz
Bjcl hfl Bmcz kqa Bjcl fpfVC eCz
fBC-Hl LV jeSl S fLe cahpl pquau gV Lp fplclL qVm qljCe bLl hh
Llmez CLej Lpl Ha kL Lbu eu Nm Se ez aMe Sea flmj k, CLej Lpl phC
fLe pehqel peL, kclL YL eu kJu qRmz gV Lp kcl jd Bj Rs j HLSeC
hwmio Rmez ae eluZNl Le HLV VVCm jml jeSl z Bl hL phC pc fnL Bj Agplz

137

S hje hcl fyRl pju JMeLl pju Rm la 11V z k SuNu BjclL pjha Ll qm, pMeJ fel
LVe HNu Hp Bjl pb qa jmu hmme, ""BfeL Bj Qe z YLu LLlCm jpSc Bfel Bl pb
flQu quRz fBC-Hl c'V feL ecn cJu qu k, S Abh aqhe Qm kJz ilal pb k l qu NR
hm LlQaJ gl Bp ph euz YL bL LlQNj feV aqle Qm NRz Bj S BpC hn fRc LlR,
ka Jjlq Lll pkN quz Bj BfeL Jjlq Lll pkN cmjz cua BjL je lMhez'' aL Sp
Llmj, ""YLu L quR, kl LlZ Lma AhalZ Lla qm?'' SJuh hmme, ""pMe hje hclC ilau
hje-hqe hj gmRz''
LVe pqh R'gV m je qmz hlV csz ahmN Sjual mL z ilal ifm lS bL qSla Ll
fLe NuRz HC imLl pb me SjBl ejk LkLhl cM quRz

qVm Ahe
la 11Vu S hje hcl AhalZl ae OV fl qVm fyRmjz eluZNl jeSl pqh J BjL fnfn
lj bLa cJu qmz OVel BLpLa J Lh nlgcMl BhN BjL Oja cm ez hReu u u Qu
fsmj k, Jjlq Lll euj-Lee LRC Se ez eQuC H hou hC-fL BRz L hC Lbu fh? H Lb Mum
Ll Bq aBml fa Nil Llu Semj k, gV Lpl VLV Ll e qm H iBCf VVjV faj e, k
HMe fRz fbj nZl qVm bL-MJul hh qJuu AeL cL cu phd fu Nmjz fBCH Lafr flce
Jjlq Llhl En j nlg eu khl Lbz
qVml hReu eqe Ahu la LV kRz gSll Bke e EW ejkl fa emjz eLV Le jpSc BR
Le Sp Lll mLJ My S fmj ez HjeL Lhm Le cL a Sel SeJ LEL cMmj ez fnl lj Bjl
pqkL SNh Le Q Ll no fke pjQe je Llmj ez Aeje Ll HL cL lM Ll ejk Bcu Llmjz
ejkl fl Ojhl En hReu Nmjz Na 27 OVl jdJ OjCez H pJ Oj Bpl Le mrZ cM Nm ez
cq aje LJ hd Llmj ez je-j BhN fZz EW Seml fc plu hCl cMmj k lc EWRz lu
LR mL QmQmJ LlRz LRrZ fl mr Llmj k, RV RV Rml m kRz Bj Seaj k, fQj-fLel
Adhp Sjual LR mL pc Blh BRz acl jd m nrLJ bLa flz eQ ej lu fuQl Lla
mNmjz Blh fnL fl HL LlZL ka cM pmj cu al pb qa jmmjz Sp Llmj, ''Do you
speak in English?'' SJuh hmme, Very little. ""Mn qu hmmj, ''Sufficent, are you a teacher ?'' yes'',
''Is there any pakistani teachedr in your School?'' ''yes.'' ''Please tell him to see me in Hotel
Haramain'' ae Bjl ej J qVml lj el eV Ll emez hlhl Thanks cu qVm gl Hmjz LRrZ
fl qVm bL e Hmz el fl HLV Ahpc hd Llmjz hReu nul fl Oju Nmjz Lmw hml BJuS
Oj iP Nmz Osa aMe cfl ps hlVz clS Mm cMmj, HLSe jdhup mLz pmj cu ae hmme,
Bfe L fgpl Nmj Bkj? pcl Bme Ll ial He hpmjz hTa flmj, ae I m nrL , kL pc
alZ nrL Bjl Mhl cuRez Bj ayl hla flQu Sea QCmjz hmme, ayl hs LlQz m CwlSl
nrLz 5 hRl bL HMe BRez Su Sjua Cpmjl Le mL BR Le Sp Llmjz hmme, ""Bj
Sjual pu e qmJ pjbe Llz HMeLl kl Sjua pu acl pb kNkN BRz HMe ge
kNkN Lla flz H Lb hmC ae ge Ll jqjc Bm ej HLSel pb Lb hmme z ge Rs cu
hmme, jqjc Bm pqh CwlS "ceL Blh eES' fLu LS Llez Mh LRC bLez HMe Hp fyRhez
m nrLVl ej je eCz ae hp bL AhuC 30-35 hRl hup jqjc Bm pqh Hp BhNl pb LmLm
Llmez hmme, ""CV fLe Sjual Bjl qph Bfe Aa Oe BfeSez Su Hme he Mhl! mql
bL Sjua BjclL Sea flaz'' Bj ayL pwrf OVel hhlZ cmjz Qa qu hmme k , aqm
ilal pb k mNC Nmz
138

Bjl lj hpC jqjc Bm pqh pc Blh Sjua Cpmj fLel faed lJ BMal BqjcL ge
Llme, kNkNl fbj jdj m nrL hcu qu Nmez ayL BlL Llu Seu hcu cmjz jqjc Bm
pqhl flQu emjz ae R She Cpmj Sjua amh-Hl lLe Rme z ceL Blh eES fnpe hiN
Ljlaz hn LuL hRl BN HpRez HMe pwNWeL avflau Ssa BRez Adl BNq CV-fLel qm Ah
Sea QCmez Bjl pJ AeL LR Se emez
Cajd lJ BMal pqh fyR Nmez Qnd LyQ cs nia lJ pqh bL Bmej qu c'SeC hpmjz
Bjl Su fyRl Lqe emez fL-ila kl Lb Se hn EN qmez fBCH'l LV jeSll pb lJ
pqhl Oe flQu bLu ae Bjl Ljl bLC ge aye pb kNkN Llmez jeSl pqh Seme k,
jNlhl BNC HLV Ns qVm fyRh Hhw jNlhl fl BjL Jjlq Llhl Se j nlg eu khz ae
lJ pqhL Cqljl Lfsl hh Lla Aeld Llmez Bpll fl lJ pqh Bphe hm hcu qu Nmez
jqjc Bm pqh ayl pbC Qm Nmez
Bj Npm Ll kqll ejk Bcu Lll flflC qVm hu Mhl eu Hm z Mu Ojhl En u fsmjz
pwNWe k La hs euja a Efm Llmjz qWv Ll AflQa SuNu Apquahd LlRmjz Bq aBm Af
pjul jd ce iCcl pe cmez HMe hcn AflQa flhnl Apquahd Bl lCm ez kl BjL Hje
Bfe Ll eme, acl Ll pb Hl BN pje flQuJ Rm ez Cpmj pwNWel H gkma cM Aa fmaL
qmj Hhw Bql fa Llu Semjz
Bpll Bkel BJuS Oj bL SNmjz ps 4Vl pju lJ BMal pqh Cqljl fuSeu Sep eu Hmez
HL Ss hs BLll pc lw-Hl aum J Ljll HLV hV Hhw HL Ss pmz Cqlj Ahu Hje Sa fl
eod, k ful fa phVL L YL cuz aC ful fa Mm bL Hje pm fla quz
Bj lJ pqhL ALfV hmm, ""BN Sem Jjlq pfL hC fs H hou fuSeu Cmj qpm Ll eajz HMe
H hfl Bj HLhlC jMz ae BjL Cqlj hydl euj hTu cme Hhw Cqljl aum flu pqk Llmez
Bjl pb j nlg Bl LE khe Le Hhw pMe k LR LlZu p hou Ai LE pb khe Le Sea
QCmjz ae Bjl Apqua Vl fu Aa Skhl pb hmme, ""Bfe hsC iNhez Sjual HL iCa
Bfel pb kQBReCz phQu Mnl hou qm k, jce nlg NL HLSe Ai J kN h Ae LS S
HpRez ae Bfel Lb Sea fl BfeL Jjlq Llhl Se pb ka fa quRez

jJme nlL
jce nlg bL ke Hme, ae jJme Bhcm Bkk nlLz nlL ayl LhL ejz ae e'a lpm pfL Ec
iou AeL Lha mMRez H ph e'al k pwLme hC BLl fLna quR Hl ijL jJme jJcc mMRez
ae BjL I hCV Efql cuRez H ph Lb AeL fl SeRz Su kMe ayL cMR Hl BN al ejJ Se
Rm ez AbQ ae Sjua Cpmj Luj qJul pju bLC jJme jJccl Oe pbz
1941 pml BN jp mql pl ila bL BNa j 75 Se mL eu Sjua Cpmj Luj quz nlL
pqh aclC HLSez Hlfl fh-fhl fWe LV "clm Cpmj' ej HLV NhoZ fae Luj Ll quz
jJme jJccpq j 5 Se mL pMe Ljla qez NhoZl pb pb Cpmj Bcmel eaal kN mL al
Lll Se pMe u Vew Lf Rm NhoZ J Vew-H k 5 Se ehca fZ Rme jJme nlL acl HLSez
fh- fLe Sjual pQe pfL Caxfh mMR k, 1952 pm Sjual Lcu jSmp pll 6 Se pcp
fh- fLe LuL pq pgl Ll hi nql SjuaL flQa Llez jJme nlL I Vjl HLSe pcp Rmez
139

BnL lpm qph no She jce nlg LVhl En Hhw Sam hLa cge qhl Lje eu ae jJme
jJcc bL RV eu jceu uih hphp LlRmez
jJme Bhcm Bkk nlL BjL Jjlq Llhl cua emez jNlhl BNC qVm fyRmez BjL k lLj
BhN eu Bme Llme Hhw Lfm J jM Qj Ma mNme aa ae Bjl eLV khLl flQuC cemz ae
Skhl pbC hmme, ""k fh- fLe Sjual pQeu Bj njm Rmj z pMeLl Bjl Sjual fa Nil
imhp fe Ll Bj Lah je Llz'' Bj hmmj, ""Bj Bfel pe amz Bfel LR bL Bj fapqC
fmjz''
jNlhl ejk fs Nsa EWmjz jehpl pjel c'Bpe Bjl fnC nlL pqh hpmez Bjl hj cL
XCil z Bj jTMez fRe BlJ LuLSe Cqlj hyd Jjlq Lll En Nsa EWmez jJme nlL Nsa
pl fbC Bjl flj pqfluZ jll ijL fme Llmez ae Hje BhNju iou LhOl kula , aJug J
pu (pg J jlJu fqsul jTMe cse)pfL alhua cme k, Bjl je Bql jqal YE EW
Nmz Jjlq pj qhl fl Efm Llmj k, H ph eRL LaL Aee euz H phC Bql fjLl BhNju
BQlZz pl fb ae fjl Be Sma bLmez Hl gm Bql jqal Sn Bj Ahlj Lyca bLmjz
Bql Lb plZ Ll Lycl jd Ha jS J a fmj, k Bjl AlL pj Ll cm z je qm k, Bq
aBm Bjl SeC AmLLih Hje jl kNs Ll cmez HV pa Bnaaz
121.

qljl pjeu fyRl BN cChu

S bL j haje 70 LmjVl cl z Bj "71 pm kMe Nmj aMe 75 LmjVl cla Rm z haje
fqs LV eae l al Ll cla Lje quRz
o qSla cChu ejL hMa eVa lpm (p)-Hl pb LlCn eacl k khla Q quRm a eae
ll fb fs ez aC Hhl hcu aJug Ll S gl Bpl pju flae lu Bpu cChu cM Bpmjz
cChu bL j 20 LmjVl z BlJ 5 LmjVl fl qljl pj l quz Lh nlgL Lc Ll jl
Qlfn AeL cl fk qlj nlgl HmL ha z Ahn phcL qlj pje pje cla euz ah j bL Sl
cLC cla hnz
qljl pjeu fn eae ll Efl hlV NV al Ll quR, k j NV ej flQaz ll jTMe NVl Efl
hlV BLl lum Mm lM LlBel eLn al Ll BRz HMe bLC qljl pje l quRz la kMe HV
BmLa Ll qk aMe QjvLl cMuz
HMe bLC aug khl Se qljl HmLl hCl cu Ajpmjcl kauAal Se Bmc l luRz I ll
ej mM BR nlu Lggl (Lglcl fb)z Le AjpmjL qljl pjel ial YLa cJu qu ez j NV
fyRl BNC fmnl QLf BRz fpfV kclL Ajpmj fJu ku aclL j NV YLa cJu qu ez
1971 pml 4 Xpl jNlh hc S bL lJue qu fu HL OV fl cChu fyRmjz jJme nlL BjL
pCe hX cMme, Blha mM qcuL cChu (cChul hNpjq)z hNel Bhh qm qcLaez Hl hhQe
qR qcuLz cChu ej eC Cpmjl Caqpl hMa OVe qph cChul pl Lb plZ qmz cel
cJual hfL pfplZ J hSul pQe qu H pl gmCz LlCn pal hl hl jce BjZ Ll lpm (p)-Hl
eaa fQma Cpmj lVL Maj Ll l En k phaL fQ QmRm, E pl jcjl khla qJuu
ae hRll jdC 8j qSla j hSu ph quRz pl Lbm Bfaxca jpmjecl Se AfjeSeL je
140

qJuu pqhu Llj Aa hoZ qu Nmez ayl lpm (p) bL Sea QCme k, H Sau Q Lhm Lll Se
Bq Lj cuRe Lez Bql ecnC H Qa ae pja cuRe hm pqhu Llj Bl Bf e LlmJ
aycl je Mn qm ez
jexrZ AhuC ayl jceu gl kRmez 1400 pqh cChua hMa hCua lcJuel jdj Bql cel
b nqc qhl k Skh cMme, aa Bq aBm Ha p qme k, ae ayl Hje HL fu cpclL Mn
Ll fuSe hd Ll fbC fl Bm gaq ekm Lle plV lC quR hSul ha cu ""C gaqe mL
gaqj jhe z'' Ab x ""q lpm! eQuC Bj BfeL pf hSu ce LlRz''
plV eum qJul flflC lpm (p) pgl jmah Ll HL SuNu pLm pqhL pjha Ll plV eu cmez
pla Aa Af pjul jdC hSul pQhe qph "MChl' hSul f CaJ cJu quRz H pl jexrZ
pqhu Lljl jd Becl he hCu cm qkla Jjl (l) I Ql hl phQu hn Bf LlRme hm
plV ehl fl ae lpm (p)-Hl LV mhea qu AenQe fLn Llmez

cc qlj fyRmj
LuL LmjVl HNu khl fl ll c'fn c'V fml cMu nlL pqh hmme k, HMe bLC qljl
pje l quRz HMe k cu fs qlj YLa qk a ae nMmez cuV qm x Bj C qk qljL,
Ju qlj lpmL, g-qllj mjj Ju cj Ju Bkj Ju hnl jee elz
Ab x ""q Bq! HVC ajl fh pjea HmL J ajl lpml fh pjea HmLz aC Bjl Nna, l,
qys J NV cql Efl ckl BeL qlj (eo) Ll cJ''z cuV LaC e BhNjuz
j nlg Bl 14/15 LmjVl cl z H pju nlL pqh BjL pje kph cu Lla qh a nMa bLmez
j nlgl ka LR HNu kR, aaC Bjl qcul fce hs QmRz hnl pLm jpmj k Lhm lM qu ce
5 hl ejk Bcu Ll, Bql I fh OlV cMl BhN jjel cm Aa ah qJuC ihLz
pc Blh QLl J hhp Lll En mM mM hwmcn kuz JMeC Bj hn mLcl jM eR k, She
ejk-lkl de dle Hje mLJ LhOll flhn LR pju Ahe Lll fl hno Ll Nmg Ol OlV cM J
aJug Lll fl HaV fiha qu k, euja ejk qu kuz hlf pjSL flhnl nLl qu kl jpmj Ql
bL ha bL ku, acl jd kc rZ jpmj QaehdJ Ahn bL aqm alJ Lh nlg kulal fl MyV
jpmj qhl Skhu Bfa
qu kuz
j nql YLhl BNC Lh nlgl QlcL eja jpScl pEQ jel cM Nmz fZil nlL pqhl nMe
cu fW Lla mNmjz cuVl Ab x ""q Bq! HC OlVl pje, hsa, jkc J jqj hsu cJ''z Eja
jqjcl pje J jkc H OlVL Lc LlC faaz H OlVL Lhm qph NqZ Lll jdjC Bql
eLVhd Sjz aC Bql fj fNm quC H OlV aJug Ll qkz H Oll cJum hL mNu BqL
imhpfl c Vl fJu kuz H Oll QLW dl Bql clhl dlZ chl a hd quz H Oll pb mNu
Lm fblVL Qe Ll fn hd quz
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ASqa hRll fl hRl hm qlz AbQ Le LS glk qhl pb pbC Bcu Ll Sllz q glk quR Hje
AeL ejk mLJ q ka AeL hm Llz kl gm q Lll BNC ceu bL hcu qu ka flz lpm

141

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Bp-ku ez

jpScm qlj fyRmj

Lh nlg kula khl BbL pd Bjl Rm ez kcJ Lje AhnC Rmz Bq aBml jqlhea Hahs
piN qu Nm Hl gm Bj YL fRa flmj e hm cxMhd a cll Lb, Bjl B-Bj J -pecl
LbJ im Nmjz Bj Le fyRa flmj e, Bj Lbu L Ahu BR Cac cn Sea e fll LlZ k
A hd Lll Lb a VlJ fmj e pa Lb HVC k, hs J flhl -flSel Lb Jjlq no Ll S gl
kJul BN Bpez
Bjcl Ns bL hCaql hw cMl pb pb I cu fsa bLmj, k jel QM fsl pju fsRmjz Ns
hh jmL Bhcm BSS hlhl Hp bjmz
jJme nlLl nMel cu kMe k fs clLl ae pb bLC eSJ fLme, BjJ fsa bLmjz jpSc
YLhl pjul cu, Lh nlg QM fsl pb pb k fsa qu a fsa fsa HLhl LhOll LR fyR
Nmjz Cnl ejkl Bke l qm z Bkel fl c'lLBa ejk fsa hmmez Cnl SjBal fl aJug l
Llhe hm nlL pqh Semez H pju ae aJugl eujhm pfL BjL Ahqa Llmez Bj Le ayl Lb
eR, Bl AfmL ca LhOll cL BhNfa
qu Qu lCmjz Lm Nmg YL QaLZ H OlVl Hje fQ
BLoZ n Aeih Ll Aiia qmjz

Jjlq Ll qm
Cnl ejk SjBa Bcu Lll fl jJme Bhcm Bkk nlLl flQmeu Jjlq Bcu Ll l qmz fbj
aJug Hhw fl pg J jlJul jTMe pD (cse h a Qm) Ll, H cVC Jjlu LlZuz pdlZa aJug
J pD Lll Se LR mL VLl heju Jjlq J q fmeLlcl Mcja Ll bLz kl kula Bp al acl
jMfr qa hd quz LlZ d hC fs hdhde fme Ll pqS euz aclL jBj h nrL hm qkz al
aJugl pa Ql m paV cu J pDa 7 hl csa BlJ m paV cu Jjlq fmeLlclL EQlZ
Lluz
H ph cul Le i qcp eCz Jjlq J q fmeLll jBjcl jM e Abh hC cM cM H ph cu
Nsa bLz Hih aJug J pD fqe Aee flZa qkz k Skh J BhN eu aJug J pD Ll EQa a
Hih qu ez hnoLl jBjl pb kl cm hyd aJug J pD Ll acl phVLC L BeeLau fkhpa
quz
aJug J pD-Hl Bpm jS fa qm h eua J pq Skhu Bql imhpl Qae eu HL HL LhOll
Qlfn 7 Ql Ola qhz ajeih pg J jlJu fqsul jTMe cOfb Qma bLa qhz LlBe J qcpl
cum bL hRC Ll pdja cu fsmC Qmhz jM EQlZl Qu All Aeia J Bql imhpl
QaeC Bpmz
Bq fjl Skh fLnl SeC aJugl pkN cJu quRz Bql Oll Qlfn fjLl je euC aJug
Lla quz BqL a Bl dl ku ez aC LhOll clSl QLW J cum dl ayl clhl dlZ ca quz Hph
LRC BhNl fLnz HMe Qu jel LlhlC fdez

142

pg J jlJu fqsul jTMe pD Lll jdJ BhNC fde qmJ Skh iz HLV IaqpL OVel pa
hqeLl H AeeVL Efm Lla qm I OVeV plZ Ll fuSez
qkla Chlqj (B) ejlcl Be bL el fJul fl ayl fa ejlcl lS-flqa Bkll pb pfLRc Ll
Sjij aN Ll qSla Llez pl Bp pggal 4b lLa qkla Chlqj (B)-Hl qSlaLml hhlZ EM Ll
quR k, ae hmme, ""Bj Bjl lhl cL Qmmjz eQuC ae BjL pWL fb cMhez ""Lbe ae H cuJ
Llme, ""q Bjl lh! BjL HLSe eL pe ce Llz'' aMe Bq hmme , ""Bj aL HLSe phlLl f
pel ppwhc ce Llmjz''
Chlqj (B)-Hl hup aMe 90 hRl z ayl H qSlaLmC Bq aBm flj pel de qph CpjDm ej HL f
pe ce Llmez Bq qkla Chlqj (B)-L ayl qSl (B) J nf CpjDmL eu jl hle ija
Ahel ecn cmez H ecn fme Ll ae ayl lhL hmme, ""q Bjcl lh! Bj Bjl flhlL ajl
fh Oll LR HL Aehl EfaLu He Bhc Llmj, ka q Bjcl lh! Hl ejkLuj Lla flz aj
jeol jeL acl cL BL Ll cJz Bl aj gmjm cu acl lkLl hh Ll, ka al ajl Llu
Bcu Lla flz (pl Chlqj x 37)z
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SheJ flru gmRez Hl HLV flr qm qSl (B) J nf CpjDmL Sejhqe Aehl ju lM
Ae Qm khl ecnz Af LR Mhl J fel kVL pm Rm a L cu ae LRC e hm kMe Qm kRme,
aMe hh qSl (B) hpa qu fRe bL cs Hp j eh Bql Lj Hih Qm kRe ? ae Cnlu
Seme k qy, a-Cz
Bql pql hc qSl eQ je hmme, ""aqm kez Bjl lh BjL dwp Llhe ez'' Bql Efl L Aflf
ilp! Afcel jdC Mhl J feu glu Nmz aC jul hLl cdlJ Aih cM cmz rdb n c'f jVa
BRsu Lyca mNmz fel amn j HcL-pcL RVRV Lla mNmez eLVC pg J jlJu fqs z ae
HLhl c'hl eu 7 hl c'fqsl jTMe cscs Llmez LbJ fel pe e fu HL lM Bp nl LR
qan qu gl Bpmez
hpa J fmLa qu cMa fme k, nl ful BOa k SuNu fsR, pMe bL Tlel hN fe hl qRz
fe ka Rsu e ku Hhw fuSe LS mNe ku p En ae jV J fbl cu hyd cu fe BVL Lla
mNmez H LS Lll pju jM EQlZ Llme "kj-kj' Abv "bj-bj' z Blh kj-kj nl Ab qm fQk, fQl z
fQl fe EWa mNm, k Ol cu Sju lMl En j Q Llmez
hh qSll Bql fa ANd hnp J fZ eila pJ j qph nl fa Bql cJu pq-jjau Al qu
c'fqsl jTMe k cscs Llme, a Bq aBml eLV Ha fRc qu Nm k, ae ayl cp-cpclL
Luja fk I OVel plZ Jjlq J q Lll pju 7 hl pD Ll hdajmL Ll cmez
H pD Lll jdj Bq aBm ayl hcq-hcclL HLbC nr cRe k, x
1z BqL imhpl ch Llm Chlqj (B)-Hl ja jepLal AdLl qa qhz Bql ecn J
peLa aN Ll HhP LmSl VLl RmLJ eS qa khq Lll qja bLa qhz
2z hh qSll ja Bql Efl AhQm B bLa qh, ae k gupmC Lle aa AhnC LmZ luRz ae
ph pjuC jqlhez ayl ecn fme ka LWe J LcuLC qL, a pQ fme Lla qh
3z qkla Chlqj (B) J hh qSl (B) Qlj LWe flruJ kje raN qee, aje Bql jMmp cp-cpl
jkc fa qm Bql Efl H ilp lMa qh k , Bfaca Bql ecn ka LWlC je qL, no fk a
LmAZLl hmC fjea qhz

143

4z Bq he flru LEL fjne ce e BlJ hs Lb qm k, ae fjnel pkN chl SeC flru gm

bLez
Chlqj (B) pLm flru EZ quRe hm Bq aBm LlBe f pVgLV cuRez
pl Bm hLll 124 el Bua Bq hme, ""kMe ChlqjL ayl lh LaL hou flr eme, aMe ae
phVaC EZ qmez'' alfl Bq hmme, ""Bj BfeL jehSal ea hea QCz'' qkla Chlqj (B) H
jqpgm Bql fr bL pl flru EZ qhl LlZC ph quRz qSla Ll ae raN qee, qSl (B)
J n pe CpjDmL Bql ecn gm kJul LlZ ayl a dwp qeCe; hlw hn-jpmjl eLV plZu qu
BRe Hhw acl paQlZl En q J Jjlq fmeLlclL pg J jlJul jTMe pD Lla qkz flj
pql cmm Lnl CpjDmL fa Chlqj eS qa khq Lll Bcn fme Lla Nu ae pe qlee Hhw khq
qa lS qu CpjDm khq Efd fme, AbQ khq qa qm ez fa-f c'SeC Bql BeNal Qlj
flL fcne Ll jehSal eLV phQ Bcnl faL qu lCmez

Bjl Jjlq Ll pj qm
jJme Bhcm Bkk nlLl eu HLSe Ai J Bql jMmp hcq J BnL lpmL Ec qph fJul
piN qJuu Bjl Shel fum JjlqV kbkb faa fme Lla pra qJuu k fn, a J c EfiN
Lll pkN fmj a iou fLn Ll Aphz Hlfl kahlC Jjlq J q LlR nlL pqhl ehe Rl
Aei a euC LlRz Jjlq pj qhl fl Nil la qVm qljCe gl Hmjz jJme nlLL n Seu
hcu Llmjz
122.

kjkjl fe
Bq aBm pl Bm Cjlel 96 J 97 el Bua hme, ""eQuC jeol Se fbj k Chca-Ol al qu a I
(OlC), k ju BRz aL hlLa ce Ll quRm Hhw pLm ceuhpl Se qcual Lc hee quRmz Hl
jd "f ecjepq' luR J Chlqjl Chcal SuN luRz''
Lh nlgL Lc Ll Hje AeL "f ecne' luR, k HLb fjZ Ll k, paC H OlL Bq aBm eSl
Ol qph jeea Ll jkc ce LlRez Bhlq qhqe eu kMe H OlVL dwp Lla HpRm, aMe Bq
Rs Bl LE H OlL lr Llez H OlL Lc Ll Bql ka ecnel Lb agpl BmQe Ll quR, p phl
jd kjkjJ HLVz
1971-Hl Xpl bL 1977-Hl q jpj fk kahlC pMe khl piN quR, faLhlC Ll nlgl
fn aJugl Se fn Qall mhm bL 8/10 qa eQ pys cu kjkjl Lul LR NuR Hhw JMe lra
hma cu fe am MuRz Ljl fs bL j 5/6 qa eQC fe cM kuz L 1995 pm kMe Nmj aMe cM
Nm k, Lu YL cu pMe bL jne fe amhl e Bpmj k, aJugl Qal fn Lll Se phVEL
SuNC Qal njm Ll qhz Lhl Qal Bl Jk-Npml pkN bLh ez

kjkjl fel fQk

144

1977 pm fk cMR k, iJuml jpSc jnLia fe eu Ol hsu HhP kl jkjkl fe Ma Qu acl

qa fel Np am cu Hhw flnjL qph LR fup euz 16 hRl fl 1995 pm ku cMmj k, hnm
jpScl ph kjkjl fe QjvLl f lM BR Hhw LNSl al Np pMeC lM BRz Vf Vf fe Mu
hhqa Np Bmcih lMl hh Ll quRz hnl iN fl NuC mM BR "W fe'z LaL f BR eljm
eez kl k fe CR Ma flz
LhOll Qlfn eja hnm jpScl hCll fn Qall eQl cL jVl Nil flo J jqmcl Se
Bmcih c'am fk qSl qSl mL HLpb Jk-Npm J fnh-fuMe Lla fl Hje hlV hh Ll
quRz hcvQma pysa EW-ejl phd bLu ql jpj fQ isJ hcl fk Le Aphd qu quz
kjujl fe j nqll Ol Ol fe Ll quz jpSc jpScJ kjkjl fe fe Lll pkN lM quRz q
Efmr ae pq ju kl hpu Rmj pMe kjkjl feC pl ce-la MuRz hn Nmel fm il fe
He lM qkz Su k Lujp Qmj pMeJ j 3 lum hn Nme fe plhlql cLe BRz Bjl RmL
Sp Llmj k, cLel fe kjkjl hm eQa Se ku Lez p hmm k, HL Nme h fel haml cj
c'lum z 3 lum 20 Nme fe ca fl ez j bL VL ia Ll Hp HMe plhlq Lll MlQ qphC k
euz kjkjl fe fe Ll Ai kl, al Hl hno dlel c bC Qea flz BjJ acl HLSez Mu eQa
qmj k, cLe bL Be fea iSm eCz iSm cu fohl Le Efu eCz
pc Blh fVml Qu fel cj ZlJ hnz HL Nme fe c'lum, Bl HL Nme NVml cj Hl
lumlJ Ljz
jcel jpScJ jl jaC kjkj fel f ph pSe BRz j bL 500 LmjVl cl jce nlgJ
kjkjl fel fQk cM hpa qa quz Su jpScmaJ fe fe Lll hh luRz
pl ceu bL kl q J Jjlq Lla j nlg Bpe, al phC fVLl RV-hs f kjkjl fe eu kez
hi BLll fia fe eu ll gVfa J ie Lnll hp bLz Na Hfm j bL hcu aJug no
qVm gl Bpl fb HL ie hqLl LR bL 10 Nmel cV f 12 lum cu emj YLu Bel Sez Bj
hn Qa Rmj k, JSe pjpl LlZ Ha fe YLu eu ka flh Lez jje hmm k, kjkjl fe JSe
NZ Ll qu ez pa cM Nm, S hje hcl Aee jml JSe Llm, L fel f cV Bmc Ll eu
jV fVL Lil cu pm Ll cm, ka HL gyV feJ hl qa e flz Le LlZ fl jM Ym qu Nm
h f gV NmJ fe Lil bL hCl Bph ez pm Lll MlQ fa fl Se 5 lumz
H jq pkN bLu hs hs f ia Ll qSNZ pl ceuu kjkjl fe eu ku Hhw H hlLaju fe fuSecl
jd hm Llz
H hhlZ bL kjkj fel fQk pfL Aeje Ll kuz HV paC hpuLl k, HLV Lu bL ff Ll lS LV
LV Nme fe am pJ H fe glu ku ez Hih fe ama bLm a HLV qcJ Lk khl Lb z
fbha L Hje Lul pe fJu kh, ka Hje fQl fe bLa fl? aC H hou pje pcqJ eC k, H
LuV Bq aBml HL AmLL ecnez
1973 pm j jEepfmVl Qg Ceull pb flQu qmz ae fLel eNlL Hhw Cpmj Bcmel
jkha pjbL z R SheJ pu Rmez Bj Sea QCmj k, kjkjl fel Le Evp BR hm fjZ fJu ku
Le? jVl eQ fe plhlql Le Evp e bLm Lul fe pjeJ Lj e Le? Lul fe HL pju Lj Bhl
HL pju hsz kjkjl fe pl hRl HLC Ahu cM kuz Bj kMe ayL H fn Ll aMe Lu Mm bLa Hhw
fe cM kaz

145

Ceul pqh hmme k, hn LuL hRl BN Lh nlg bL HLV cl Lhl Qlfn 200 gV eQ fk jV Mys
amn Ll quRz L hCl bL fe Bpl Le fjZ fJu kuez
Ceul pqh Bl hmme k, kjkjl fel lpueL flr Ll cM NR k, fel fuSeu Efcel
Aal Hje LR Efce BR, k Mcih flZ pquLz H LlZC H fe d feuC eu; McJ hVz d kjkjl
fe MuC jeo hn LRce hyQ bLa flz pha I ph Efcel LlZC H fe AeL ce f bLmJ ame
fs e Hhw c he qu ez Ae Le fea H hn eCz

kjkjl fe fel hno euj

lpm (p) fe fe Lll Bch nr cuRez fe hp fe Ll EQaz Ljfr ae YL fe Ll imz HLVe
NsNs Ll fe Ll pWL euz faL YLl BN hpjq Hhw fl Bmqjcmq hm EQaz L kjkjl fe fe
Lll Se lpm (p) hno Bch nr cuRex
1z Jjlq Lll pju fV il H fe Ma qhz jegLl H fe hn fljZ Ma fl ez jje qm hn fe
Lla prj quz
2z H fe cysu fe Ll imz
3z LhmjM qu H fe Ma qhz
4z HLV hno cu fs fe Ma qhz cuV qm x
""Bj C BpBmL Cmje egue, lkLe JupBe Ju ngBe je L cuez'' Abv ""q Bq Bj
ajl LR EfLl e, fn lkL J ph lLj lNl BlN QC z'' HLel pb lNj Lje Ll H fe fe
Llm BlN mil ppwhc cuRe lpm (p)z

Su Bjl jqjecl
1971-Hl 3 Xpl chNa la Su Ahela fLe ce iCcl pb kNkN qJul gm 5 alM bL Bl
qVml Me cu WL Ma qm ez qVml Mc ka EQ jelC qL acl fL Ll Mc hPm jMl ch flZ
Arjz 5 alM bL 8 alM fk chm ce iCcl hpuC ku Mmjz d e qVm Lla quRz qVm Bj
fBC-Hl (fLe CVlenem Hul mCpl) jqje Rmjz L MJul jqjecll cua ce iCul eu
emez
fBCH'l LV jeSl BjL fLe cahp eu Nmez cahpl bX pfl Seh HHCQHj ele
BjL pcl NqZ Llmez ae BjL fpfVl Se clMl glj flZ Lla cmez ayl LR Semj k,
fLe plLll ecnjC cahp Bjl fpfVl hh LlRz BjL al hjekN Lhm fWh Hhw pMe
bL psL fb Cpmjhc fyRe qhz
ele pqh HL Bmfl pju Seme k, ae Cpmj R pwOl Lj Rmez ae 1996 pm hwmcn
plLll SuV pVl qph Ahpl NqZ Llez Sjua Cpmjl euh Bjl jJmm Bhm Lmj jqjc
CEpgl au Rm Ceul jpEc ele pqhl RV Sjaz Bl hwmcnl HLj fCe pSe fMa Xl
Cp Bm al hs Sjaz
S fBCH'l LV jeSl 9 Xpl pLm psL fb BjL jce nlg fWhl hh Llme, ka SjBl
BNC fyR kuz L pc hje Ljla fLe Ceul Seh jDee BjL hjekN jce eu ka QCm

146

jeSl pqh Mn qu pja cme Hhw Seu cme k, jpSc ehhl Aa eLV fLe plLll N qES
ku EWa qhz
jceu AeL hn na qh hm pc Blh Sjual cuanm Seh lJ AMal BjL HLV pm Lm Hhw
HV hqel Se qmL pVLp Le cmez Bj lq qmJ Bq Aih flZ Llmez Bj a Mm qaC YL
gl kRmjz YL hje hcl fVlL chl Se LR VL Rm jz Bjl Bl LR mNh Le lJ pqh hlhl
Sp Llmez SJul hmmj, k clLl a a BfeC hh Llmez

jce nlg
qVm qljCel Ljl cMm lMC jce nlg lJue qmjz Ceul jDee ila bL qSla Ll Hp
fLe mMfs LlRez R SheC Cpmj Bcme pu qez ae hje BjL jce kulal En eu
Nmez aeC VLVl hh Llmez fBC-Hl LV jeSl fLe plLll jqjeMeu bL J MJul hh
LlRmez Bjl jce hje-hcl bL Va qlj jceu fyRmjz plLl jqjeMeV jpScl Ha eLV
k, jpSc J Hl jMMeC lz Bjl jqjeMeu fyRm JMeLl LulVLl BjclL Aibe Semez Npm
Ll SjBl Se fa
qhl aNc cmez
jqjeclL lpm (p)-Hl jkuxl kula J jce nlg Aee LlZu pjd Lll Se HLSe Ai cuanm
Rme z aeC BjclL SjBl ejk eu Nme Hhw ejkl fl jkl kulal hh Llmez isl cle
jVC a qm ez Cnl ejSl OVMeL fl is Ljm Bh BjclL jkl kula eu Nmez
lpm (p)-Hl fa i-n J imhpl Aei a a jjel jd bLC ihLz ejk anc fsl pju
""Bppmj BmCL BCuqe ehu'' fs kl fa pmj See qu ayl Lhll pje qkl qu pmj Seel
pju fQ BhN fLn fJuC ihLz BhNl Bank jM LRC EQlZ Lla flmj ez dC imhpl An
ehce Lla bLmjz
jqjeMel NCX BjL k LR EQlZ Ll nMRme ae Bjl qm-Ah cM bj Nmez jeV cnL fl
BjL AfrLa n Ahu cM ae pmj fn Lll Se k k EQlZ Ll fuSe a Llmez Aa al pb
kulal LS pjd Ll jqMeMeu gl Nmjz
E NCX no la lJkam Sa eu khe hm fa bLa hmmez fe QlVu hh Shlml pje qkl
qmjz WL QlVu aqcl Bke l qhl pb pb JMe AfrjZ fu 50/60 Se mL cs HLhl pjel
Lal fyRl Se fakNau m qmez hj cL fbj c'Lall no jbu fyRm eh Llj (p(-Hl Lhll
phQu eLV qSl qJu kuz pMe fyRl SeC fakNa quz HV qm Lhll jbl cLz lJkam Sa k
Le SuNu ejk J cul Se Ahe LlmC Qmz L BhN aa p qu e hmC cscs mN ku Lhll
phQu eLV fyRl Sez
ceul hL I eVLC hqnal hNez hqnal Aimocl Se Hl BLoZ MhC ihLz pMe ejkl jSC
Bmcz JMe hp cu Lll jd hno a hd qkz aC jce nlg hn LuLce bL khl BLwr je
SNmz jpScl Ha eLV bL J MJul phch bLu H hpe BlJ jkha qmz
10 Xpl el fl hcl J Jqcl juce, H c'k nqcNZl jkl kula, jpSc Lh J jpSc LhmaCe
egm ejk Bcu Ll kqll ejkl BNC jqjeMeu gl Hmjz Cnl ejkl fl jqjeMeu fyRC VmNj
fmjz fBCH'l LV jeSlSeuRe k, lal jdC Su gl ka qh Hhw BNjLm LlQ lJue qa
qhz jceu LuLce bLl Bn flZ qm ez lal gCVC S lJue qmjz

147

jqjeMel Lqe
jqjeMel LulVLll jMC Hl Lpp emjz Niel Selm Nmj jqjc jce kula Hmez aMe pEc
he Bhcm Bku (Che pc ej flQa) pc Blhl hcnqz k hsVa jqjeie Aha HV pc hcnql
plpl euZ lSLu jqjeclL kulal Se hhqa qaz jpScl Ha eLV jqjeMeu bL piel
Selm Ha Mn qme k, hcnql LR Hl Se Llu Seu jqjeMel AeL fnwp Llmez Le Sep
jqjel Mh hn fRc qm, Blhcl eL HVC Iaq k, p Sep jqjeL ce Ll cuz fLe plLl H
hsV plLl jqjeMe qph hhql LlRmz
jpSc pfplZl fuSe h BNC I hsV iP gm quRz Hlfl a BlJ hcl fk pfpla qJuu hlV
hwJ iP gma quRz

HLV nl qcuhclL ja
Bjl mMl dlhqLal pb LfLqe HLV LlZ OVe AfpL qmJ EM e Ll flR ez OVeV phlC qcu
fn Llhz
YL nqll jlfl clp pmj ej Ma glgll fl pqhl jclpl hMl nlgl Ec qgk jJme jga
pDc Bqjc jSc Hcnl n BmjNZl Aeajz ae Sau nlu LEpml pVl Hhw Cpmj hwL
hwmcn mjVX-Hl nlu LEpml iCp Quljez Cpmj pfL Bq aBm aL ANd e cuRez
jJme njpm qL glcfl (l) J jJme el jqjc Bkjl ja fn J Ecl jel Bmj qph ayL Bj Al
cu imhpz cel hSul hfl ayl CMmp J Skhl LlZ Bj ayL ce h qph imhpz
Na 2 SmC pLm 10Vu ae ge Seme, ""Bjl 4 hRl hupl nf JhucqL 1 alM hLm bL fJu
kR ez cu Llhez'' lS HLhl Mhl eRmj, Rm fJu Nm Lez 4 cu jga pqh ge hmme,
""ljL H hou kc hme, aqm im qu, ka fmn hno avfl quz'' Mhl eu Semj, jjqcu fVuMm
NRez 5 alM cflJ gl Bpee hm Semjz hLm jZmu bL Sea flmj k, HMe Agp Bpeez
6 alM hLm jga pqh ge Seme k, Rml mn fJu NR, LRC HL NlS fla HL Nsa z je
qu p qua Nsa YL clS mNu cu Bl Mma flez Sp Ll Semj k, nlll LbJ Le BOa eC
z LuL jeV flC lj Bj MyS LlR Se ge Llmez aMe jeeu jL k hma QuRmj, Hl Bl
Le fuSe hL lCm ez
qcuhclL H cxpwhcV Bjl , Rm J hjL cm phl jM nVl Hje LlZ jal Mhl Se kuz fea
Xh, Be fs, Nsl eQ Qf fs, ppl ma, Ll faqwpl nLl qu nl ja qkz L H eff RmV
flj pqfluZ fa-jal Ha L fu ceu bL hcu qu Nmz Hih hf-jul Bcll nV cO 6 ce
fk dL dL, am am, rd aou Lal qu , Lyc Lyc Ha L fu ceu bL hcu qu Nm z Hih
hf-jul Bcll nV cO 6 ce Ha L fm, H Lb Q Ll Bjcl qcu k hce hd LlR, nVl fajal a LmS hcZ qu kJul Lbz Djecl fa-jal BqC d pe ca flez aclL pe chl
io J pd Bl Ll eCz
Bj Bjl jqal ce iCL pe chl Se ge Llmjz nVl Hih ja l AhV hhQeu Beu Bj
ihL l Lb hma flRmj ez ayL pe ca Nu BjC ayl jel Ah Aeih Ll BhNasa qu
Nmjz pe chl flha ayL Lycmj, Bj Lycmjz ayl Nil hceu HihC Bj nlL qu LRV pe hd

148

Llmj z BqfL nVl fa-jaL H qcuhclL nL "phl Sjm'l aJgL ce Llez Bq ayl fu
hcuhclL hs hs flru gmez jga pqh aje HL flrl pjMe qmez ae H flru EZ qhe hm
Bjl cthnpz
123.

Sl fb hje
Bj Q Ll Lm-Lel fRmj ez hje plfb AlQ iha mNmj k, fL-ila k L no qu Nm ?
kl gmgm L qa fl? BNj ce hje LlQ kR Lje Ll ? BjL Lhm qu ka qR e hm MnC qmj
z L k no e qu bLm hje LlQ kh Lih?
la fu HLVl pju S Bm qljCe qVm fyRmjz gSll pjuC jeSl pqhl ge Hmz hmme k,
pLm WL euVu qVm bL hl qa qhz hje ps cnVu Eshz Bj kl Mhl Sea QCmjz pce 11
Xplz Se Nm, k ah BLl dlZ LlRz Sp Llmj k, aqm hje LlQ kR Lje Ll? hmme k,
Eiu cn Ahela hcncl jd kl eS cn gl ka CRL aclL khl pkN chl En BS 11
Xpl ae OVl Se khla OoZ Ll quRz HC gyL Bjcl hje LlQa BjclL eju cu elfl
Se hjeV Bhl Su gl Bphz
H hhl gm Bjl fpfVlJ Bl fuSe qm ez Lhm qu Cpmjhc fyRl TjmJ fqa qm ez
kbpju S hje-hcl bL fBCH'l hje LlQl En Esmz hje plfb AaC LVmz kl Ah
LRC Se eCz 3 Xpl bL 10 alM Cnl ejk fk fh-fLel Lb J kl Ah Sel Mum aje jeC
SNez Na HLV pq Ae HL ceuu Rmj z j J jcel fa Nil BhN jeL pfZlf BR Ll lMRm
z hje fu Ql OV pju qSl cQ J AeQal Sm Bh qu lCmjz hLm LlQ hjehcl hje AhalZ
Llmz

LlQa HLce
Bjl hje YL ka fle, S Bnu euR, HVL Mhl fBCH p LlQ J mql Sjual cuanmNZ
Seaez L LlQ glR H Mhl e Sel gm hje hcl BjL ehl Se LE Bpa flez aC V eu
LlQ Sjua Agp fyRmjz kl Ah Sel Se Ala fLn Llmjz k Se Nm a qanhLz
ilau hje-hqe 3 Xpl YL hje hcl hj qjm Llu Bjl hje YL Bpa flm ez Hl fll Le
Mhl 11 Xpl LlQ fyRl fh fk Bjl Se Rm ez LlQ bL YL kNkNl Le pkNC Rm ez
Bj Lbu L Ahu BR hsa a LRC Sea e fl B-Bjpq phC k Aa flne BR H Qae LlQ
fyRl fl Bjl jeL es cm z Bgpp qm k , S bL XLkN HLV QW a AhnC mM fWa
flajz 3 Xpl jdla S hje hcl fyRl fl bL 11 Xpl fk 8 cel jd HLhJ QW mMl Lb
Le je SNm e a hpjuLl z j-jcel BLoZ J BhN BjL Bh phLR imu cuRmz

fLe Lbu bLh

149

YL ka flmj e Bfaa fQj-fLeC bLa qRz Lace bLa qh a AeQaz mql Sjual Lcu
Agpz nl h Ljflocl hWL Bpm pMeLl jqjeMeu bLz aC pMeC Qm kh ihRz Bjl
Sjual pb fljn LlC gupm Lla qhz
qWv Mum qm k, lJumfa Seh elm Bjel fljn eJu kLz 70-Hl ehQe BJuj mNl hCl k
c'Se hSu quRe, ae acl HLSez AflSe fha QVNjl lS ch luz elm Bje pqhl LbuC Bj 2
Xpl YL kJu jmah Llz a e qm Bj 2 alMC YL fyR kajz elm Bje pqhl pb ge Lb
hmmjz ae BjL plph Cpmjhc ka hmmez Se Nm k, fh-fLe BRe, acl Se Cpmhc
NiejV qVm bLl hh Ll quRz H Lb mql jJme jJccL Ahqa Llm ae Mn qme Hhw
Cpmjch ka hmmez
flce 12 Xpl LlQ bL hjekN Cpmjhc Nmjz NiejV qVm fyR Semj k, HL pVhn HL
Ljl Bjl Se hl Ll quRz fh- fLel ea qph Seh elm Bjel QuC H hh NqZ Ll quR
hm Se Nmz
Seh elm Bje HLV plLl hsa Rmez al cm fLe XjVL fVl (fXf) pVl Selm Seh
jqjc Bml SeJ HLV hs hl Ll quRz qVm kclL fmj acl jd fh-fLe jpmj mNl
pVl Seh ngLm Cpmj HXiLV J lSnql jpmj mN ea SpjEe Bqjc, Qycfll fXf ea
HXiLV cmml lqje, BJuj jpmj mNl Aeaj faa gel ea Seh Bhcm Sl Ml, ekj Cpmj
fVl ea eLel jJme jeklm qL J Qycfll jJme Bhcm qLz Sjua Cpmjl aeSeL qVm
fmj, jJme jqjc Bhcl lqj, fhel jJme Bhcp phqe J lSnql HXiLV BgSe Bqjcz Aee
cml BlJ LuLSe Rme, kcl ej im NRz
fBCH'l k hjeV 3 Xpl YL bL LlQ kJul fb Lm hjehcl Ahe LlRm Hhw Sl flha
aqle ku Bnu euRm, I hjeVJ 11 alM alM khlal pkN kclL LlQa lM aqle gl
kuz I hje EflE eacl LuLSeJ Rmez
jJme jqjc Bhcl lqj J Bj HLC pb 22 eil Sjual Lcu Ljflocl hWL HpRmjz jJme
Bp phqe J HXiLV BgSe Bjcl fl HpRmez Sjual Bjl QlSeC NiejV qVm Rmj z
2/3 jp fl jJme Bhcl lqj LlQa Qm kez pMe ae hlnml Seh jqjc jpmjl hpu bLaez
jpmj pqh RShe bLC Cpmj Bcme pu Rmez ae mcl VLemSl mLz plLl QLl Llaez
hwmcn de qhl flJ cn gl Bpee z ae hn LuL hRl BN QLl bL Ahpl euRez ae jJme
Bhm Lmj jqjc CEpgl Oe hz ae cn Bpm Bjl pb AhnC cM Llez Bjl pbJ al cO Oe
flQuz Bjl OVLml jdjC al hs jul hu quz

fh- fLel Mhl

S bL 71 pml 11 Xpl LlQ fyRl fl bL YLl pWL Mhll Se qe quJ fih Sea e fl
Al qu Nmjz fLe lXJ Af Mhl plhlq LlRmz hhpl ijL fLel hl qJu pJ p Mhll
EflC eil Lla hd qmjz 11 Xpl fk kaVL Mhl LlQa Sjual cuanmcl LR bL Sea flmj
aa Se Nm k, 3 Xpl bL ilau pjlL J hje-hqe jkcl pqkNau plph kl eaa NqZ
LlRz Hace al fRe bL jkcl pqkNa LlRm z al hTa flm k, fLe pehqel
hl efb bL jk Qmu hSu ASe Ll ph eu Hhw Ha k cO hm qh al huil hqe Ll ila
plLll Se hlV hTz aC fh- fLeL fQ-fLe bL hR Lll k "jqe En' ila plLl juce
AhaZ quR, a Af pju pgm Lla qm plpl fLn k AhaZ qJu Efu eCz

150

Sea flmj k, 6 J 7 Xpl ilau hje-hqe Niel qCS hjhoZ Llz BSaL lXp ppCV Niel
J jclL I pjuLl qVm CVl LVeVm (haje kMe qVm nlVe Aha) eu Bnk cuRz ilbl
pefde jep n-Hl fr bL fhm Ljl cuaf nM Selm Bll lXJ, Vi RsJ hje bL hfe
RVu fLe pehqeL BapjfZl Bqe SeRz pehqe mk jLhm Lla flz L ilau hjehqel jLhmu fLe hje-hqe jkce e bLu fL hqe pj HmL bL YLl cL fmu Bpa hd
qRz

fh- fLel falr

BCuh Mel falr ea pfL Bjl Seaj k, ayl eaa pn hqepjql cuanmNZ hnp Llae k, fhfLeL ilal BjZ bL lr Lll Se fuSeu falr hh fh- fLe ps ae cL bL ila l
OlJ bLl LlZ fh-fLe bL ilal hlV pjlL nL faqa Ll Aphz aC ila kc Le pju fhfLe cMml En qjm Ll aqm fQj-fLeL falrl cL cuJ eil Ll Ns ama qhz BCuh
Myl eaa flQma jpmj mN J BCuh plLl H Lbu jVC Le cuez BCuh Myl lnpe 10 hRl cO Rmz
H pju fh-fLeL AbeaL cL cu ANpl Lll Se k LR LlRe, falrl cL cu aRC Llme ez
1971 pml Xpl kMe ilau pn hqe, fh-fLe cMml Se fLn k AhaZ qu aMe fQj-fLe
bL c BjZ Ll qm e Le? CuqCu Me 1970-Hl ehQel fl il pb osk Ll ehQe gmgmL
epv Ll cme Hhw pjlL n AffuN Ll SeNZl hl Ahe NqZ Llmez fLel Qlcnje ila
jqpkN fu Nmz fh-fLel SeNZl ehQa faedclL ila Bnu ea hd Lll gm CuqCu Me
c BjZ Lll eaL J lSeaL iC dwp Ll cmez H fla p e qm ila fh- fLe qjm Lll
pkNC fa ez Hje pkN Rs qjm Llm c BjZl qja Ll ph qaz

12 bL 16 Xpl
71 pml 12 Xpl LlQ bL Cpmjhc fyRl fl bL lace Lhm hhp'l Mhll Afru bLajzMhl
Bpa bLm k, ilau pehqe J hje-hqel kb BjZ fLe pehqe hi Sm bL fQvfc qu
YL peehp pjha qR Hhw jhqe ilau pehqel RRuu YLl cL HNu BpRz
hwmcnl dea pwNj piua lnu ilal fLn pqkN qJuu BjlL J Qel LVeaL pjbe
fLel frC Rmz fLel SeNZl jd H Sh hfL Rm k, BjlLl 7j ehql fj jqpNl bL
ila jqpNll cL HNu BpRz Hl Le i Rm ez HV eRL pe mRl hb Q jz
I pju SapwOl pdlZ Adhne QmRmz fpXV CuqCu Me SmgLl Bm iL fllj ek Ll
SapwO ilal BNpel hl fahcl cua cu fWmez i phq Syclm h z SapwOl Adhne
ae ilal hl LWl hh lMmez aau hnl h cn, hno Ll lnhld cnpjq fLel fr Hhw
ilal hl pQl ijL fme HNu Hm z H flaa piua hLl Ai qJu pJ fm HL Bfp
fh ilal fr pja qJu jVC ihL Rm ez H fh fLel Se aje pjeSeL e qmJ ilau
hqel hLV fLe pehqel BapjfZl ja Afje bL lr fJu kaz fm fh LlRm k,
Ahm khla qLz SeNZl qa rja am cJu qL HhP fLe pehqe hwmcn bL faql Ll
qLz
i jqhll ijLu Aieu Ll SapwOl Adhne hnl pLm cnl faedcl pje E fhl LNS Rys
gm OoZ Lle k, Bjl qSl hRl msh, ahJ flSu Ll Llh ez H fh pfL ilal Le jh Lll
fuSe lCm ez fh-fLe kl fLa
Ah il ASe bLl Lb ekz fLel pehqe kMe aMe k

151

e Ll phMe bL fRu BpRz aC fml fhL hlal pb eQL Ll laja eVLu Aieuz fLe
pehqeL ilau hqel eLV BapjfZ eQa Ll i fLel Le LmZ hu Beme? qua il
fLel hcnq qhl hpe flZL alea Lll SeC H ijL fme Ll fuSe je Llmez E f h Nqa qm
il fLel rjape qa LuL jp hm qu kaz
Bjl Cpmjhc Qlj pwhcl Afru jq a e QmRz ilau hqel qa YLl fae eQa je qa mNm z
Bjl Bn hd LlRmj k, pn jhqe YLu hfL qaL Qmh, BCe-nMm pfZ iP fsh, NZmValS Qmh Hhw lSeaL faqwpl nLl qu BJuj mN hld lSeaL eahc Qljih ekaa qhz
ilau hqel fr BCe-nMm hqm Lla hn pju mN khz

16 Xpl
jkl fLe pehqeL flSa Ll hwmcnL de Lla prj quR, hnL H dlZ chl kc Ccl
Nl p bLa aqm jkl phdeuL Selm BaEm NZ Jpjel eLV fLe pehqeL
BapjfZl hh Llaez L ilau fdej Ccl N Ef-jqcnl Caqp phfbj H Nlh ASe Lla
QCme k, fu HLmM jpmj hqe ilau qc J nM hqel eLV BapjfZ Lla hd quRz
YLl hMa lpLp juce (haje pqlJuc Ece) ilal CVe Ljl AdeuL m. S. Bll ejL nM
Selml eLV fLe fhml AdeuL m. S. Bjl jqjc Me eukL BapjfZ Llu eae Caqp p
Ll qmz Hl jdj Ccl N H LbC fje Lla QCme k, jkl hwmcnL de Lle, ilau pn
hqeC fLe hqeL flSa Ll fh- fLeL Su Ll hwmcn ejL HLV de l SeNZL Efql
cmez

ilau fmjV Ccl Nl hSu ioZ

Cpmjhc qVm bLLm Bj Am Cu lXJ-l MhlJ eajz aa OoZ Rm k, fdej Ccl N
fmjV AjL pju k ioZ che a plph pfQl Ll qhz
Bj hno lal pb I ioZ emjz fahn cnje lL Su Lll jq Bhc fLn a MhC ihL Rmz
L ayl ioZl HLV hh Aa avfk hqe Ll hm Bjl je qmz ayl ioZl I AwnVL aylC iou EM
LlRz ''To day Two Nation theory is drowned in the Bay of Bangal'' (BS hfpNl Sa aL
Xhu cJu qm)z
ae flj al pb H OoZl jdj hnL Seu cme, ""k V ene bJll ia aycl ila jaL 1947
pm hi Ll quRm I bJl hwmcnl SeNZC flaN LlRz jpmj Saual ia Le l VLa fl
ez aC ilaL HLV bJhl ia hi Ll quRm, k pWL eu hm fjZa qmz''
Ccl Nl I hhl Se aL co cJu ku ez ayl cia ae k pWL je LlRe a-C hmRez L
Aa hpul hok k, BJuj mNl eahc Ccl Nl I hh Slnl fQl Llez acl L H pqS LbV
hTlJ kNa eC k, 1947-H kc ila hi e qa aqm de hwmcn lVl SjmiC ph qa ez
Cue enem LwNpl djelfr jahc kc jpmj Sa je ea aqm haje hwmcn AM ila ll
HLV fcnJ (h AlS) qa e, hm fcnl Awn flZa qaz

BJuj mNl BcnL Adxfae

152

1947 pm fLe Luj qm ihL LlZC jpmj mN rjape quz fhm fcnL plLl flmLl
ANZaL BQlZl cle NZaL fa Aeku lSeaL cm NWel Se kl EcN ee, al phC fLe
Bcme eaal ijL fme Llez ayl cml ejLlZ Lle "aJuj jpmj mN'z "BJuj' nV Blhz Hl
hwm qm SeNZz acl hh Rm k, jpmjecl HLj Sefu jpmj mN cmVl eaa MS, eJuh J acl
cplcl qa bLu al SeOZ bL hR qu NRz aC SeNZl fr bL jpmj mNl eaa chl SeC
BJuj jpmj mNl Sjz
H cml fbj pifa jJme Bm qjc Me ipe Bpj fcnL jpmj mNl pifa Rme Hhw Seh jqjc
Bm fcnL pVl Rmez BJuj jpmj mNl fbj pVl Rme fLe Bcme fh-hl fde pNWL
hfh Cpmj khea njpm qLz Seh aSe Bqjc J puc eSlm Cpmjl ja Rl I njpm qLl eaalC
Bcme pu Rmez BjJ aylC HLSe RLj Rmjz
1954 pml ehQe nl hwm H. L. nqc pqlJuc jJme ipe J jJme JBaql Bml eaa kVl
hnm hSu J jpmj mNl nQeu flSu quz fbj nl hwml eaa fcnL plLl Luj quz fh kV
bL BJuj jpmj mN hR qkz fcnL BCe floc 72 Se Ajpmj pcpcl qa hmp Ah fJul Hp
kuz BJuj jpmj ms Ajpmjcl pjbe eu rjau ka QCm al aeV na Blf Ll x
1z cml ej bL "jpmj' n hc cu cmL ApfcuL Lla qhz
2z djelfrahcL cml Bcn qph OoZ Lla qhz
3z fbL ehQel flha k ehQe faL cml ehQe ea qph NqZ Lla qhz
jJme ipl ja eaJ hjfcl Bcn hnp qu Nme Hhw ayC pifaa 1955 pm VCm Sml
LNjl ejL e pjme Ll I aeV na je emez rjal mi kl Hje emih Bcn aN Lla fle
ayl rjal b cnL pLm cL cuC hf Lll kNaJ lMez
1971 pm CuqCu-il oskl cle k pV p qm, aMe BJuj mN kc d SeNZl NZaL AdLll
cqC cu dea OoZ Lla aqm kk RsC Bjl dea ASe Lla prj qajz pjSa,
djelfrahc J hPm Sauhcl nNel Le fuSe Rm ez H ph nNe e bLm CpmjflJ nM
jShl eaa B fe Ll deal XL axgai
h ps caz aMe fcnL plLl nM jShl ecnC
QmRm z 71-Hl jQl fbj cL CuqCul pjlL n Hje Rm e k, deal OoZ ld Lla flz nM
jSh dea Qee hmC OoZ ceez ae fLel fdej qa QuRmez BJuj mNl BcnL Adxfae
HMe Bl ejNjz
124.

16 Xpl hSu chp

1971 pml 16 Xpl YL lpLp juce fLel pehqe ilau pehqel eLV BapjfZ Llu I ceV
de hwmcn Bcmel hSu chp qph Caqp e fmz hi LlZ kl dea pwNj J kk
AwnNqZ Lla fle alJ H ceVL "hSu chp' qph fme Llz hwmcn SeNZl Se Hl ceV Becl J
Nhl chp qphC Qqa qu BRz
BJuj mN J hj-cmml Aa Evpql dea Bcmel mr qph "djelfrahc' J "pjSa' edlZ
Llu H cV pf Cpmj hld jahcL kl pjbe Lla fl e al jk flL quez ila plLll
eaa flQma dea Bcmel flZj cl Bdfal Bnu Cpmjf RsJ Ae kl AM fLe
hnp Rm alJ jk AwnNqZ Llez
153

1947 pm ila hi qu fLel Sj qJul fl bL Le ila plLlC pv fahnpmi BQlZ Llez ila
hiNL al LMe je ea flez kl dlZ LlRm k, de hwmcnl pb ila hl ja BQlZ Llh
alJ Na 31 hRl qan quR z H LlZC H cnhp ilaL h qph NZ Ll ez
L hpul hou k, BJuj mN ilaL Aa Oe h qph HMe fLn Ll Llz AbQ SeNZ H Lb
hnp Ll k, hwmcnl dea Le pju hf qm ilal lC qhz SeNZ cMa fR k, kph jqm jk
AwnNqZ Lle, alC hwmcnL ilal Adfa bL lrl Se phQu hn pu J pQlz ilal BNpe
bL hwmcnl deal qgkal Se alC She ca faz
1977 pm NZiVl jdj SeNZ BJuj mN lQa npea bL djelfr jahcL EvMa Ll pJ BJuj
mN I Lgl jahcL eml ja ByLs dl BRz qc-h-MVe IL flocl ej kl hwmAcnl npea
bL "hpjq' EvMal ch SeR, HjeL hwmcnl deaL fk hf Lll jL cR, BJuj mN
eahcl ffoLauC k al Ha hs da cMR, a pQae cnhpl eLV pfz
BJuj mNl fafrl HLV lSeaL iml LlZ 96 pm H cmV rjape qu SeNZl eLV Cmjl cnje
qph Qqa quRz Bl Na ehQel fl hcn hwmcn hld ijL fme Ll H cmV SeNZl eLV LaV
OZa qR a ihoa Vl fhz

16 Xpl Bjl Aeia

1970-Hl heQel fl CuqCu Mel ea, il rja mp, hmVl pL hmVl jdj eLQ Lll
AfQ, 71-Hl 25 jQ bL SeNZl pb fLe pehqel BQlZ 6 pVl pd pjhn Bj fLel
AMa pfL qan fLn Llz Caxfh I pjhn pfL BmQe LlRz
aC hwmcn fLe bL hQ qu HLV de fbL l flZa qh hm Bj eQa Rmjz Xpll jdC
Qs gupm qu kh a dlZ Lle hm jel cL cu fa Rmj ez jk BlJ cOua qm BmL mL ru
a qaC, cn EuejmL LS h bLu cn AbeaL cL cu AeL fRu fsa z
HLV hou Bj Aa flne hd Llmj z fLe pehqe BapjfZ Lll LlZ Lka cn Le plLlC
Rm ez ilau pehqel fr lSdeaJ a BCe-fMm hqm Ll LRaC ph qh ez H Ahu YL nqlJ
Ll djelfrahc J pjSa jkl hfL qaL Qma flz YLl hCl plcn a acl BlJ
cfV Qmhz H AlSL flaa Cpmj Bcmel pu phC acl ekael nLl qu fshz aC Bql
clhl Lalil dle ca bLmj, ka ae ayl cel McjclL qgka Llez
k Le Bcmel eaeu hNZ kc Le hfkul flJ hyQh bL aqm acl fQu Bhl Bcme Ns
am kuz 1831 pm hmLVl juce jSqc Bcmel fde cC ea pCuc Bqjc hmi J jJme
CpjCmpq fbj Lall phC nqc qu kJuu I Bcme Ahqa lM ph quez aC k Le Bcmel Aa
eaeucl EflC eil Llz H LlZC Bj Ha flne qmjz H Aeia eu Bj iall Ljlu HLVe
LlBe amJua J cuu ec qu Nmjz LE cM Lla Hp clSu eL Llm Bj hl qu LEL hpa e
cuC c'HL Lb hm hcu Ll cajz
hMa jpL Ec XCSVl HXVl Seh Bmag qpCe LlCn Hmez ayL hpa ca hd qmjz ae Bjl
fau Sea HpRmez hmmj, ""Efjqcnl Caqp HC fbj qc J nM hqel eLV fu HL mM pn hqe
BapjfZ Llm z qSl hRll Caqp Ha hs OVe LMel OVez CwlS BjmJ (1831) jSqc hqe nMcl
eLV BapjfZ Llez al nqc quRez CuqCu-i ksk Ll fh- fLel Efl jk Qfu cme Hhw
154

hRal cL Wm cu pehqe mmu cmez pehqe Hje Qll flQu ca fle, ka SeNZl je Su
Ll ku Hhw Bql pqk fJu ph quz pehqel Efl HV AhnC Bql Nkhz fLe iP khl Se
CuqCu-iC fdea cu fdea cuz 70-Hl ehQe hSu fh-fLel Ahpwhca Seea dea OoZ
Llm fL hqel qa dl cae ez V jSlV fVl ANZaL fh j. iC rjal enu CuqCul pb
osk Ll hnl phQu hs jpmj lVL hi Llmez

cnl Mhl e fJul Ala

lSde YLl Le MhlJ hhp Rs Ae Le pp Sel Efu Rm ez Se Nm, YLpq plcn BecEpl he hu kRz fLe pehqel pLm lwLl LjLapq 93 qSl peL LVejV hc Ahu BRz
ilau pehqe lXJ J Vmine Lc Hhw pQhmupq pLm plLl fae fqlla BRz jkl
kclL acl hld je LlR aclL amn Ll Ll qa LlRz
H Mhl a EN qJulC Lbz Bj HVL AihLJ je Llez BCe-nMm hqm e qJu fk H Sau OVe
Qma bLl BnC hd LlRmjz 18 Xpl fh-fLe LEpm jpmj mNl pVl, Bjl Bfe QQ Seh
ngLm Cpmj BjL Seme k, Cpmjhc hVn qCLjnel pb ae prv LlRez YL hVn qCLjnel
jdj ayl J Bjl flhll MyS-Mhl ehl Se aL Aeld Llm ae a Llhe hm Bnp cuRez c'ce
flC Mhl fJu Nm k, al hs bL Ae elfcC BRz Mhll hhlZ bL hT Nm k, pWL MhlC kNs
Lla prj quRz
YLl jNhSl Bjcl Eiull hs fu fnfnCz Bn fn kcl hs BR acl LR bLC Mhl euRz
Bql jqlhea Bj, B, Bj, J pecl Se aje Le flne hd Llez Bjl dlZ Rm k,
Bj YLu ez bLu qua hsa al kh e Bl NmJjqmmhpl im ijLC fme Llhz LlZ
jqmmhpl Se k, Bj pehqel Aeu BQlZ bL ph dlel jeoLC lr Lll kbpd Q LlRz kqL,
flhll phC elfc BR Se Bq aBml clhl Llu fe Llmjz Bjl QQ eSl EcNC H Q
Llu ayl faJ Laa fLn Llmjz Bjl jNS H Sau ihe Bpez

CuqCu Mel pb prv

Seh elm Bje pqhl EcN Cpmjhc Ahela fh-fLel hi cml eah cl CuqCu Mel pb
pral hh qmz fXh,l jqpQh Seh jqjc Bml eaa Bjl 12/13 Se XmNne Rmjz Bjcl jMf
qph jqjc Bm pqh Lb hmmez fL-ila k l qu kJuu Bjl kl fQj-fLe BVL fsmj acl
hfl plLll Qihe L a SeC En Rm z CuqCu hmme, ""Bfel Cpmjhc NiejV qm BRez
Bfaa Bl Le LlZu eC z Bfecl Le Aphd qh ez nNNlC i pqh SaLpwOl Adhne bL gl
Hp rjape qhez aye plLlC Bfecl hfl p ehz
hT Nm k, ae fpXV bLl k mi il pb Byaa Ll nM jShl pb lSeaL pjTau Bpa hb
qme, fLe iP kJul fl SeNZl jd k Qlj hlf fau cM cuR aa Ahm Nc Rs "Lyc hyQ
Rs al Le Efu eCz LR hml Se enfn hd LlRmjz ka Lb je Lmhm LlRm ph a hma flmj ez
pb phC e LlRez Bj d HVL hmmj, ''Mr. Bhutto has scuceded in his bid to capture power and
you are destined to preside over the disinlegration of Pakistan'' (j. iB al rja cMml Qu pgm
qmez Bl Bfel eaa fLe hi qJuC Bfel iN mM Rmz) Bjl fn hp Seh Bhcm Sl Ml
Bjl qa Qf dl Le Le hmme k, H ph hm mi eCz Efa Bl phC ke qahL qu HLhl CuqCu
Mel cL J HLhl Bjl cL aLRmez HLhl fefae elha hlS LlRmz flhnVC ke hhaLl qu

155

Nmz CuqCu Me "bwL CE' hm Qm Nmez Bjcl XmNnel jd jn fau cM Nmz Ll Ll

Qqlu Apo fLn fmJ jM Mm LR hmme ez hnl iN mLC jel Tm pje jVm hm qua hd
Llmez

fQjfQj-fLe fau
ilau pehqel eLV fLe pehqel BapjfZ J fh-fLe fLe bL hR qJul pwhc SeNZl
jd ah fau p qkz fLe lXJ Vmine 16 Xpll fh SeNZL pWL Mhl flhne e Llu qWv Ll
ilal pehqel YL hSul Mhl al HLcL Qlj hri gV fsz ph axga hri hl quz al
CuqCu Mel hl nNe cuz "qu fh-fLe' hm hmf Ll Lyca bLz fnul CuqCu Mel hs Be
cu Smu cuz
H fau phQu hn fh quz pehqea fhl mLpwMC hnz fQj-fLel 4V fcnl jd jV
SepwMl AdLlJ hn fhz ilau pehqel eLV BapjfZl Afje hd fhl SeNZl jdC hn
qJu ihLz aMe cn pjlL npe QmRz ahJ SeNZl ah hri fcne plLl Lelf hd-eod Blf
Lla pqp fuez

pn hqea fau pma HLV hC

16 Xpl Bj Cpmjhc Rmj hm SeNZl jd k fau fLn fuR a plpl cMl pkN fuRz
fL bLJ a f hT NRz L pn hqea p fau hCl bL Vl fJul Lb euz
pce (18 SmC, 2003) Bjl hs Rm jje BjL Hje HLV hC cm, ka 71 pml Ha hla ab luR,
k Bjl Aa fuSez H hCV bLC pn hqel fau Se Nmz hCVl mML hNXul Sgl CLhm
Qdlz ae 1969 pml ghul bL 70 pml jQ fk Lj LVejV Rmez HL hRl euMm Sml jnm
m' HXjeVVl Rmez
360 fl Ec iou mM hCVl ejl hwm Aehc "pal dee'z am kje deLl dee Ll M M hR Ll,
aje mML ayl pa dee LlRe hm H nlej Ca cmez ae eSl flQu ca Nu SeuRe k, R
She fLe Bcme Real cua fme LlRez aC hCVa fLe Bcme bL l 1977 pm il
fae J flhaa ayl gyp fk h ab am dlRez
hCVl fRc haje fLe J hwmcnl jeQ hR Ahu cMuRez jeQl Efl fLel f CLhm
J fLel faa Luc Bkj Sql gVB luRz fLel jeQl ial fbj fdej eJuhSc
muLa Bm Me, jJme jJcc, SmgLl Bm i J Selm SuEm qLl Rh, Bl hwmcnl jeQl
ial nl hwm gSmm qL , qpCe nqc pqlJuc J nM jShl lqjel gV ni fRz
H jmhe J abhm hCV 2000 pm fbj fLna qkz 2001 pm fLna 2u pwlZl HLV LfC Bjl LR
fyRRz hCVa 3 Xpl bL 16 Xpl hla ab fJu Nmz fh-fLel fa al ALj imhp Hhw
Hl SeNZl fa ayl Nil clc fLn fuR ayl mMuz aC CuqCu Mel ea J pehqel BQlZl LWl
pjmQe Ll quRz
Bjl hs Rm jje Na Se jp (2003) plLl pgl fLe NuRmz mql hCVl mMLl pb flQu qkz
mML hCVa jjel ej mM aL Efql cez ae BjL pmj fyRa hmez SmC jpl jTjT p ila
pgl Bpz c bL 17 alM hLm YL Hp 19 alM pLm LmLa Qm ku z E hCV p BjL cu

156

Nmz jje S Cpmj XimfjV hwL "LjEeV XimfjV fnmV' fch eu Ljlaz E hwL
jpmj pwMmO 20V cnl cC bL BsCn' jpmj R-RL EQ nrl Se mlnf ckz H R-Rl
fLe, ila J hwmcn hnoLl jXLm J Ceulw-H mMfs Llz QLl She mlnfl VL pqS
La gla chl Juc eJu qu, ka H aqhm glu e kuz H hf R-RclL Cpmj Vew chl
cua jje fme Llz H En aL fa hRl hfL pgl Lla qkz hf R-Rl ka hnp, Q, jee,
Ql J Skhu MyV jpmj qu Ns EW Hhw Lj She MyV jpmj qph cua fme Lla fl p EnC acl
Se fnrZ Lp luRz jjeLC H cua fme Lla quz
Hih Cpmj XimfjV hwL jpmj Ejql hlV Mcja LlRz Ahn H phd jpmj fde cnl R-Rl
iN Lll pkN fu ez Ajpmj cnl jpmjcl SeC H hh Ll quRz

pn hqel fau
16 Xpl YL fLe pjlL hqel Qlj AfjeSeL BapjfZl fauu fLel peLc lJumfa
k pwOaL fau fLn fu a I hCV bLC Bj fum Sea flmjz Sh qph LR Lb BN eR hV;
L pWL J eilkN Mhl I hCVa k fmj a-C HMe EM LlRz
3 Xpl ilau hje-hqe YL hje hcl hj gml Mhl fJul pb pbC pehqel phC dlZ
LlRm k, fQj-fLe bL ilal Efl qjm Lll p eJu qhz fQj-fLel falr Lll k dlZ
pnhqeL cJu BR Hl gmC ca qjm Ll EQa hm pehqel jd QQ qa mNmz
fLa
fr 21 eil bLC fh- fLel cO pjl hi Smu ilau hqe plpl qjm l Llz H Mhl
lJumfa fyRm axgaihC ilal Efl qjml Se jepL fa f hg kuz mql pe REe bL
hCl ila pj fk jQ Meel LSJ l qu kuz phC pehqel Agpl J SJuecl jd falrl cua
fmel fZ Skh cM kuz
Selm qX LuVl (GHQ) bL Qg Ah Selm m qje, iCp Qg Ah Selm Vg Selm BeJul
LlCn Hhw XCll jmVl Aflne hNXul luk Me 22 eil bL hl hl Qf cJul fl pfj Ljl
CuqCu Me AeL Nsjp Ll 29 eil Seme k, 3 Xpl qjm Ll qhz aace ilau hqe lSde
YLl LR fyR NR Hhw 3 XplC YL hje hcl qjm Ll fh-fLel hje-hqeL f Ll cuz
3 Xpl fQj-fLe bL ilal Efl hs dlel qjml Se Selm V Mel VCL gp fa Rmz d
ecnl Afru Rmz al QRme k, BjZl ecn fmC ah qjm Ll qhz acl BlJ cl Rm k,
SapwOl elf floc ilal hl fh-fLe qjml ah fahc Ll qL, ka SapwO ila J
fLel Efl khlal ecn cuz Hih SapwOl jdau nM jShl eLV rja ql qh HhP fLe
pehqe ilau hqel eLV BapjfZl Afje bL lr fhz
CuqCu MeJ HVC QuRmez Bjl pb eill no cL kMe prv qu aMe ae lSeaL pjdel Q
LlRe hm SeuRmez aMe f Ll hmee k L dlel Q LlRmez HMe E hC bL hTa flmjz j.
i HV qa cme e fh-fLel Niel X. HHj jmL Hhw jSl Selm lJ glje Bm Me CuqCu Mel
Aeja eu SapwOl elf floc Bhce SeuRme jjwp Lll Sez fLel fllj qph j. i
H k cMu a ham Ll cme k, fcnL plLll Le cuanml SapwOl eLV plpl Bhce Sehl
Le CMaul eCz
125.

157

1971--Hl no fla
1971
1971-Hl no LuL jpl Ah Cafh BmQe LlR z aa ab-Efl Aih k pWLih flhne Lla
fle a hNXul Sgl CLhm Qdll hC bL Sea fl LaL ab fn LlRz
"71-Hl Ahl jpl no fk ilau pnhqe pjN fh-fLe OlJ Ll gmz AbQ Hahs MhlV Bjl
aMe Sea flez fLe pehqel CVe Ljl fde Selm euS eQuC Seaez L Bjl je qk
Niel X. jmL J al hpjlL plLl Seae ez al Sem AhnC Bjcl LeJ Hahs MhlB Bpaz 21
eil bLC hi Sml pjl ial ilau hqel fhn Ll l quz Bj 22 eil Sjual Lcu Ljflocl hWL kNcel Se mql lJue qCz L H hou aMe Bjl LRC Se Rm ez
hNXul Qdl H pfL Ha hla ab cuRe, k HMe EM Ll fuSe je LlR ez ae hhlZ cuRe,
Le Smu Lh La fljZ pe J A eu ilau hqe fhn LlR Hhw Le alM Le Sm bL fLe
hqe fQvfplZ Lla hd quRz YLl eLVha Le Le HmLu qmLVl bL Rpe AhalZ LlR HhP
Lih jhqel pqkNa eu lSde OlJ Lla prj quR, aJ EM LlRez
hNXul Qdl fQj-fLe pn hqel Hje ph ab flhne LlRe, k Bjcl Sel Lb euz ae
mMRe k, SHCQ LEa 21 eilC H Mhl fyR Nm k, ilau hqe fh-fLel Ail YL fsRz Hl
Hje hfL fau cM cm k, lJumfl peehp pLm Agpl eS eS lwL bL Edae lwLl
Agplcl eLV ch Sea mNm k, u p Aeku fh-fLeL lrl Se HMe fQj-fLe bL
ilal Efl phaL qjm Ll fuSez H ch HLce flC Qg Ah Selm g Selm m qpe fk fyR
Nmz VCL gpl LjV Seml V Me pl Afru fa lCmez pefde Selm Bx qjc
phdeuL CuqCu Mel NQl H chl Lb Semez fZ HL pq pqeau iN CuqCu Me 29 eil
Seme k, 3 Xpl qjm Lll alM dk Ll Nmz pe LjLal Ha lafZ hou p ca hm Llu
hr qa bLmz
3 Xpl YL hje hcl hj gm ilau hje-hqe fLe hje-hqeL f Ll chl Mhl fJul fl
CuqCu Me I p jmah Ll cez
phdeuL CuqCu Me J pefde Selm Bhcm qjc CVe Ljl Selm euSl LR bL face
HLdLll fla pfL pjL AhNa mi Lla bLez L al fLa Ah pnhqeL Sea pqp feez
al hTa flme k, fQj-fLe bL BlJ pe J k fWe ph eu Hhw ilau hje-hqeL faqa
Lll pdJ eCz acl Bn qm k, fQjl lZe hfL k l LlmJ fh-fLeL lr Ll ph qh ez
acfl fQj-fLe no fk lr Ll LWe qu fshz aC SapwOl jdj lSeaL pjdel fb amn Ll
Rs Le hLf Efu eCz H EnC j. iL Qe fWe qmz j. i H jb dlZ fLl jdj cme
k, Qe fLel fr HNu Bphz

fLe pnhqel eaa hic

hNXul Sgl CLhm Qdll hnoZ bL H Lb fih Se ku k, CuqCu Mel pqeal jm LlZ
pnhqel eaa hicz Qg Ah Seml Vg Selm mqpe J Hul jnm lqj Mel pb j. il Nil
kNpSn Rm z al fh- fLeL lr Ll Aph je Llae Hlw ila k phdSeL fku fyR NR aa
Le lSeaL pjde ilaL LRaC lS Lle ph qh e hmJ hnp Llaez H Ahu fQj lZe p
Ll fQj-fLeLC hf Ll qh

158

CuqCu Mel Bn Rm k, SapwOl jdj lSeaL pjdeC HLj hLfz L pe Lacl jd Ql

hial LlZ Le p ehl qja fRme ez
Hl gm CVe Ljl cua euSa Selm euS ihLihC Apqu Ahu faa qez
3 bL 16 Xpll hNXul Qdll ab x 3 Xpl YL hje hcl fbjL hjhoZl fl 6 Xpl pfZ
hje-hclC dwp Ll quz 7 Xpl Niel X. jmL Vml jdj fpXV CuqCu MeL See k, kc 48
OVl jd Le hcn n qrf e Ll aqm Le Efu eCz
8 Xpjl fpXV NielL See k, BSaL fku jjwpl fQ QmRz
9 Xpl Selm euS SHCQ LEL See k, YL hje-hcl dwp Llu Bjcl hje hLl fs BRz psL
kNkNJ hR qu NRz cnjel SmfbJ AQm Ll gmRz SeNZ Bjcl pfZ hld qu NRz Na 20 cel
Ahlj k Bjcl hqe nllL cL cu HLhlC L-n qk fsRz
Niel fpXVL Bhl khla J lSeaL pjdel Se fh fWez la HNlVu fpXV NielL See k,
Selm euSl pb fljn Ll fla Aeku k Le p ehl CMaul cJu Nm z fpXV CuqCu
Sehm euSLJ ecn ce, ke Niell p je eez aL khlal ecn cu k dwp Lll fljnJ
ce, ka a cnjecl qNa e quz
10 XplC Niel jmL Selm euSl pja eu SapwOl eLV Bhce See, ka khlal hh Ll
ehQa Sefaedcl qa rja qll BuSe Ll qkz
Selm glje Bm Me H Bhce YL SapwO faed HpVV pVl Selm j. fm jL qell eLV
fyRu cez
JcL fllj qph jVl i 11 Xpl eECuL fyRez SapwOl fLel faed j. BN nq
hjehcl j. il qa cV plLl glje am cez HLVu Niell Bhcefz AflV k Le jm khlal
hh Lll ecnz
j. i H cV LNS fW LlaC al Qql hhZ qu ku HhP H ecn Aeku LS Llm al lSeaL jal
Bn Llez ae Ahm fpXV CuqCul pb ge kNkN Ll al ecn faql Lla prj qez
HcL 13 Xpl pLl 11Vu YLl Niel qES ilau hje-hqe hfL NmhoZ Llm Niel jmL fcaN
Ll BSaL lXpl Bnu NqZ Llez lXp Niel, jNZ, Qg pVl J EQfc fQj-fLe
AgplclL qVm CVlLVeVm Bnul hh Llz
14 Xpl lnul pja ek fm khla J lSeaL pjdel f h SapwO fn Llz j. i hlal
pb H f h faMe Lle HhP qSl hRl k Qmu khl OoZ cu JuL BEV Llez
16 Xpl YLu Selm euS ilau Selm Alll eLV BapjfZ Llez Bl CuqCu Me fQjm k
Qmu kll qpLl OoZ cez L 18 Xpl ila plLl khlal Bqe Sem jqhl CuqCu Me phd
hmLl ja lS qu kez

159

fQj-fLe ph, HjeL lJumfa fk SeNZ ri J OZu gV fs Hhw LlgE Efr Ll mM mM

mL jRm Llz h SuNu jcl cLe qjm Ll quz Selml Nl LlR hm SeNZ hnp Ll Hhw
CuqCul fcaN ch Llz

18 bL 20 Xpl
lJumfl GHO-Hl mLQl qm 18 Xpl pefde Selm Bhcm qjc pe LjLacl pjhn CuqCu
MeL pnhqel phdeuL qph haje flaa cua fmel fr pjbe Bcul Q Ll eSqm qez
pLm ll pe Agpll fLn ri fLn Llz pehqel Qlj Afjel Se CuqCu MeL cu Ll ec
Seuz pefde Le lLj Ca eu fma hd qez Agpll pQl ch Seu k, CuqCu Me Hhw al pb
BlJ kl cu acl phCL fcaN Lla qhz
Qf Ah Selm Vg Selm m qpe J hje-hqe fde Hul jnm lqj Me il pb kNpSn Rmez
al pe Agplcl hri pjbe kNe Hhw CuqCuL fcaN Lla hd Ll j. il raj cMmL eQa
Lla prj qez Selm flScJ CuqCul p aN Ll Selm m qpel pb qu kez
Hih 18 XplC il rjau BlqZl hd Afpla quz SapwO jqhl i qSl hRl k Lll OoZ
cu eECuL Cpmjhc bL pMhll Adl Afru Rmez Hul jnm lqj Me bL pMhl fu j. i 19
alMC lj fyRez Ahm j. iL Cpmjhc fyRhl Se lqj Me hno hje fWez
20 Xpl fpXV CuqCu Me j. iL Qg jnm m' HXjeVVl euN Lle HhP fpXVl fcaN
Llez j. i fpXVl fcJ cMm Llez "70-Hl ehQe j. i fQj-fLe eln pwMNla LSe Ll
SeNZl Ahpwhca eal jkc mi Llez aC ae CR Llm pjlL BCe fnpL e qu CuqCu MeL
fpXV fc lM fmjVl Adhne XL hpjlL plLl fde qa flaez L j. i jSSl cL cu
HLeuL qJuu fde pjlL npeLa qph HLLih Hje LaL ee eme, k al rjaL phcL cu
eVL Lla flz hnl Caqp aeC HLj hpjlL h, ke Qf jnm m' HXjeVVl qJul Nlh ASe
Llez

pjlL npL j. i
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m Bjl f je qm k, a mMa al ha euz Sepiu ha Llm k dlel hh fn Ll qu, WL aje
je qmz ae Syclm hLb qph Maz HL hou hma Nu Ae houJ Hp NRz HLC fpl Lb HLdLhl
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Q Llez
fh- fLel Se juLl Aa pgm Aieu Lla hpuLl flcnal flQu cmez ilau hqel eLV
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mNhl hb QJ Llmez
lnpL BCuh Mel Oe cpl qph al cn hRll cO Aial Rf al hau AhnC Rmz aC ae
pjlL J hpjlL pLm hiN, ph dlel fn Hhw phll SeNZL pde Ll AeL Lb hmRez
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pjlL J hpjlL AgplclL QLl bL Ahqa cmez pjlL npL qph H Sau p eJu pqS Rm

160

ae Selm m qpeL pefde euN Llme Hhw Hul jnm lqj MeL hje-hqe fde qph hqm
lMmez fmjVl Adhne XLl BN ae h hou HLLih Hje ph p hhue Llme, k H eln rja
Rs Ll ph qa ez fl ae fmjVl Aejce Bcu Ll al ph pL hqm lMa prj qez

cV hs pjp
Cpmjhc NiejV qVm imihC ce LVRm hV; L cV pjpu flnehd Llmj cn L OVR, p
hou pwhc pwNql pjpC hs qu cM cmz au pjp qm YLu flhl-flSecl pb kNkNl Le
fbC fRmj ez Bj Lbu, L Ahu BR, a B-BjL Sea e fl MhC Ahd LlRmjz
k Se Sll hd qu a e Se fk Lje Ala J A iN Lla qu Hl Aia phlC BRz Sel houV
ka lafZ p AefaC Ala hd quz Bj k Ahu Rmj Hhw k cV hou Sel fuSeua ahih Aeih
LlRmj Hl la pfz
hwmcnl pb plpl kNkNl Le EfuC Rm ez aC hLf fb amn Lla qmz me Sjua Cpmj
fLel pb Ssa fh J fQj-fLecl HLj pwNWe Rm "CpmjL jne CE. L. z' pmVl Seh jqjc
Bhcp pmj E jnel Aeaj cuanm Rmez al R She bLC Bjl pb al Oe pfL Rmz al
pqkNau Cpmjhc bL YLu QWl Bce-fce ph qkz Bj Bhcp pmj pqhl WLeu QW fWajz Bl
ae me bL p QW YL fWaez YL bL Bjl al WLeu QW fWm ae a Cpmjhc fWaez
Hih Bjl QWl SJuh fa HL jp mN kaz
ekj Cpmj fVl c'Se eal flhll pb kNkNl Se H faC Ahme Ll qkz Seh Bhcp pmj YL
J Cpmjhc QW fehu XL ca hVel XL VLV hhc k MlQ qa a aeC hqe Llaez ae hNaih
hqe Llae, e pwNWe bL hh Llae a Bjl Se eCz cO BV jp fk Bhcp pmj pqh H hlV Mcja
Bj cez
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Ae kcl QW mel jlga fWa qa al BlJ HL hRl Bhcp pmj pqh bL H Mcja ea hd
quRez
flhll pb kNkN pjpl pjde a Hih qu Nmz L cnl Mhl, Sjual cuanmcl Mhl Hhw
plcn Cpmj Bcmel pb Ssa R J AR pucl Mhl kNsl hh e qJuu hs flne luC Nm
z flhlL QWa cnl Mhl pje fmJ pwNWel Le Mhl fRmj ez
lSeaL faqwp eaLa J jehLal dl dl ez k hccl pb BhQlZl hfl Sei Q Aeku k
eajm BS aLih La, leaL faqwpl LlZ BjlL BgNe khccl hfl I QlJ flJu Ll
ez Sa pwOl H pd eC k, I Q fme BjlLl Efl Qf p Lla flz
16 Xpll fl kkl J BJuj mNl mLl k Cpmj Bcmel pLm pu mLcl Efl lSeaL
faqwp Qlab Llh H Bnl LlZC Bj cnl Mhll Se Qlj Ala hd LlRmjz Bj ahih Aeih
LlRmj k, kc Le lLj YLu LR VL fWa flaj aqm Aa LE hi Sm pgl Ll ce iCcl MySMhl ea flaez ph cuanmNZ k L Qlj flal jd fs Nme a Aeje Ll MhC flne hd LlRmjz
Sjual lmg g bL LR VL QCmC jJme jJcc ca Qe hm Lcu hCam jm pVl Seh gLl
qpCe BjL Semez Bj Evpqa qu VL fWhl Efu MySa l Llmjz Lih YLu VL fWe ka
fl ih Lm-Lel Lla flmj ez fLe Lcu plLll HL LjLa Seh Bhcp phqe Sjual pb

161

Aa Oe Rmez Cpmjhc plLl hpu bLaez ae YL Sml mLz hwmcn de qJul flJ ae
CpmjhcC QLl Lla bLe HhP pMeC CLm Llez
I Bhcp phqe pqh BjL hmme k, al flQa cJum Hh hhpu Cpmjhc BVL fs NRez YL
bL ae VL Bea Qez Bfe kc aL VL ca fle aqm ae YLu Bfel mLl qa VL fyRa
flhez Bj a Hje pkNC amn LlRmjz aC Bj pcl H fh NqZ Llmjz YLu Bjl Bl eLV VL
fyRa hmmjz WLe J Vmge el cmjz hmmj k, ae k AwLl VL fyRhe, HMe Bj a Bfel
jdjC aL chz ah Bl qa VL fyRR H Mhl fJul flC Bj HMe VL chz 15 ce fl Bjl l
QWl pb Bjl RV iC X. Nmj jukkjlJ QW me qu Bjl qa fyRmz aa Bjl iC Sem, ""fyQn
qSl fL HLSe mL Bl LR cu NRez Bfe pwNWel cuanml qa VL fWa Qe hm BNC
SeuRe Hhw cuanm Le hl qa e kc BN bLC jVl ngLq pqh Bl pb juja kNkN
lMaez B VL fJul flflC jVl pqh cM Lla Bpm al qa VL cu cuRez
jVl pqh VL qa fu Aiia qu Bql Llu Bcu Lla Nu jh hlme k, ""kMe bL plph QW
fk Bpa fl e, pMe bL VL fyR Nmz Bmqjcmqz'' H QW fJul fl Bj Bhcp phqe pqhl
jdj I cJuml qa VL fyRCz
Hih pwNWel pb kNkN pQe qu Hhw mel fb QWfl Bce-fce l quz Caxfh Es Mhl fuRmj
k, Bjl pb ke fh-fLe fcnL pVl Rme pC Bhcm MmL pqh HhP YL nql pVl Seh
Nmj plJul eqa quRez H Sh nel c'jp fl MhlV jb hm Sea flmjz Hfm jp bL LR LR
Mhl QWl jdj fJu l quz
126.

Lcu jSmp nll Adhne

1972 pml jQ jp Sjua Cpmj fLel Lcu jSmp nll Adhne quz fh-fLe hR qJul fl
HVC Rm fbj Adhnez jSmp nla fh- fLel 8 Se ehQa faed Rmez OVej Bj J jJme
jqjc Bhcl lqj JMe Efa bLu Bjl Sjua BjclLJ qSl qa cJua cmez
Bjl Sjua jJme jJccl pifaa hWL l qm Ede ioZC ae fh-fLel hRal LlZ
hnoZ Llmez H hou al cO hhl plLb ejlf x
fLe Bcmel eahc Cpmjl cqC cu jpmjecl Se Bmc l Luj Lll Se 10 LV ilau
jpmjeclL XL cmez nNe Rm ""fLe L jamh Lu-m Cmq Cqz'' H XL phQu hn pwMu ps
cuR hPm jpmje J ilal pwMmO fcnl jpmjelz
eahc jpmjecl Se Bmc HLV l Luj QuRe Hhw jpmj Sal pjbe a Luj quRz al Cpmjl
cqC cu pjbe Bcu LlmJ Cpmj Bcn Aeku lV Nsl Le flLfeC NqZ Lleez gm Cpmjl ej
Luj Ll lV alC flQme Lle, kl hwn ila Efjqcnl mL qmJ je-jNS J Ql CwlSC Rmez
npLNZ CwlScl nrhh J npe faaC Ns bLu al Cpmj Bcn SaL E Lll kN Rme ez
Cpmjl heC fhh l jpmje HhP fl, p, hmQe J pjl jpmjeclL HL ll eNlL flZa
LlRmz npLNZ Cpmjl I heL jkha Lll flha Ajpmj npLcl jaC cn npe Lla bLmez

162

fLe jpmj SeNZl iVl jdjC Sjmi Llz L acl ehQa eal Cpmj npea fZuel NZchL
chu lMl qe En SeNZl iVdLl fk Ls ea Q Llez H Ahu pefde Selm BCuh Me
NZhld plLlL EvMa Ll pjlL npe Sl Lll pkN fu kez
k jpmj Sauhc fLel Sj cm Hl mme e Llu ihLihC HmLiL J ioiL Saua I
nee flZ Llz H phJ kc SeNZl ehQa plLlL cn flQmel pkN cJu qa aqm fh-fLe
ila plph qrf Lla fla e Hhw ilau pn hqel eLV Hje AfjeSeL flSu hlZ Lla qa ez
HMeJ kc Ahn fLel npLNZ jpmj Saual Qael mme Ll cn Cpmj Bcn hhuel Se BlL
fQ e Qme, aqm fh, p, hmQ J fWe Saua cnL M-hM Lla prj qhz Bjl Sjual
EflE hh Hje HL LlZ flhn p Ll k, jSmp nll pLm pcp Ahn fLel elfl hflJ
ENa fLn Llez j. il qa fLel ihov LaVL elfc qh H houJ EN fLn Ll qkz Ahno
jJme Sjual eahcL ctal pb hfLih SeNZl eLV cel cJua fyRu cnhpL Cpmjl
ia ILh lMl phaL fQ Qmu khl ecn cez

jJme jJcc Cjlal cua bL Ahqa QCme

Ede ioZl flflC jJme Bjl Sjual cua bL Ahqal fp Efe Llez ae fbjC plZ Llu
ce k, "70 pml jQ Aea Lcu nll Adhne ae H cua bL Ahqa QuRmez ayl fde k Rm
k, Sau ehQhe cmu fdeL plcn hfLih ehQe Aike Tyfu fsa qkz ayl l Ah LRaC
Hl AeLm euz aC eae Le Bjll Efl cua e cm Sjua Aa raN qh hm ae Bn fLn
LlRmez L jSmp pl BhNasa qu jJmel fh NqZ Llez Ha Sjual k ra quR p Lb ae
plZ Llu cez
Hlfl ae ctal pb hme k, agqjm LlBel Apj LS pf Ll, pla plJul Bmjl flLfe
hhuel En Bjl Sjual hlV cua bL Ahpl e cm H cV LS AfZ bL khl Bn luRz
aRs Na LlZJ ayL cuaj Ll Sll hm ae jSmp lL houV lal pb hhQe Lll Se
fljn cmez
Bjl Sjual H hhl fl aje Le BmQe RsC nl pcpNZ jJmeL Ahqa chl Se jepL cL
cu fa hm hT Nmz aC jJmel hhl fl phCL eQf cM ae Sea QCme, ""Bfel L BjL
Ahqa ca pja BRe?'' phC HLpb pjapQL BJuS cm ae Bmqjcmq hm p fLn Llmez
phC Aeih hlme k, jJmel Apal LlZ agqj J plal LSV pf Lll Se Cjlal cua bL
Ahqa chl pV MhC pWL quRz

Bjl Sjual ehQe fa

jJme pCuc Bhm Bm jJcc Sjua Cpmjl faa Bjl z ae kahl Sm NuRe Lll bLLm
ilf Bjl qph Ae LE cua fme LlRez kahl ehQe quR fahlC ae ehQa quRez qua Le
lLe ayL hc cu Ae LEL iVC ceez
jJme Cjlal cua bL Ahqa ehl fl BNl jaC Bjl Sjual ehQe Aea qh Le, e eae
Le fa Ahme Lla qh H fnl p qmz H fk k euj ehQe quR a Aa pqSz lLeNZl eLV hmV
ffl hm Lll fl acl iV pwNq Ll NZe Ll gmgm OoZ Ll qaz Sjual Le fkuC ehQe fba
eC, LE fb qu e z iV NZel fl pwMNl iV kl ej fs ehQe Ljne aLC ehQa hm OoZ Llez

163

jSmp nll hWL H houl AhalZ L LlRme a plZ eCz ae fn amme k, jJme jJccl fl
Sjual Bjl fcl Se L phQu hn kN a hhQe Ll plcn Rsu-RVu bL lLecl fr pqSpd
euz hno Ll jqm lLecl Se HV BlJ LWe hfl z jJme jJccl kNa pfL phC Ahqaz jJmel
Ahqa eJul fl iVll H fcl Se LL iV che H pfL pWL p eJul Se Le dlZ cJu ku
Le a hhQe Ll fuSez
H fnVl la phC Efm Llme Hhw H hou hi fljn nll pje Bpa bLmz cO BmQel fl
phpjaj Bjl ehQel Se eae HLV fa NqZ Ll qkz p faV qm x
ehQe Aeel fh Lcu jSmp nl Nfe hmVl jdj aeSel HLV fem NWe Llhz nll pcpNZ
faL ae Sel ej fh Llhez kL phQu kN je Llhe ayl ej fbj mMhez Hlfl au kN mLl
ej J phno aau kN hl ejz kNaj h qph phQ iV ke fhe fem ayl ej fbj mM qh,
au J cau kN hl ej flfl bLhz
ehQe hmV ehQe Ljne H j AekuC aeV ej ja Llhz al lLe iVlclL H CMaul cJu qh,
Bjl Sjua qph al H aeSel k Le HLSeL Abh H aeSel hCk k Le lLeL iV ca
flhez

ehQel Se fem NWe

EflE p Aeku Lcu nll pcpNZ fem ehQel En iV cez iN NZel fl ehQe Ljnel
ejj aeSel ej OoZ Lle x
1z ju agum jqjc, 2z fgpl Nmj Bkj J 3z fgpl Mlnc Bqjcz
H fem OoZl fl Bj hpa qu hWL no nl pcpcl AeLl pbC hmmj k, Bq BjL k iM
fuc LlRe Bj kc pMe ka e- J fl ahJ hcn bLa qmJ I HmLl Cpmj Bcmel Se LS
Llhz Bjl fLe uih hphp Lll Le phe BR hm je Ll ez aC fem Bjl ej bL Abqez

fLe Bjl hfL pgl

jSmp nll hWL Ql fcnl Sjua eahc BjL acl HmLu pgl Lll Se hnoih BjZ Seme z
lLe J Lj pjme Hhw pd pjhn BjL hh lMl hh ayl Lla Qez Bj a hLl AhuC Rmjz aC
pec acl cJua Lhm Llmjz
Bj ae fcn d lSdea pgl NuRz fnul, LuV J LlQl hCl ka QCez L fh HLj
XlNk Me Sm Rs ph SmuC NuRz Bjl dlZ qm k, fh-fLeL qlhl hce fhcl jcC
phQu hnz ph SuNuC BjL cM AeLL Lyca cMRz HVJ mr LlR k, HLj fhC Le
hRahc Bcme eCz hL ae fcnC a pf cM NR z pj N Efdf Me Bhcm Nggl Mel
fMae Bcmea pj fcnL fnaio BgNeel pb HLia Lll QC Rmz Bl pl S.Hj.
pCuc a p Sauahcl nNe am fLe bL hR Lll AfQC LlRez io J HmLiL
Sauahc ci ihLihC SOe pZal Sj cuz Bcnl Le hmC pMe bL ez p Sauahc
Bcmel ja , p-hSa jqjc he Lpj hcn cMmcl cnjez Bl lS cql p Sauahcl qlz
pl ja hmQe hRa Bcme Slcl e qmJ pMe Hl Aha pfC Rmz

164

j. i NV fLel qaLa e qm pl hRahc Bcme qua WLe LWe qaz pl ea i

fLel hcnq qJuu I Bcme aje ce hyda flez
Bjl H pgl lLe pjme, Lj pjme J pd pjhn hh no phC fh-fLel hR qu kJu pfL
ihL LlZC BjL fn Ll qaz Bj Aa Lou SJuh cajz hmaj, ""fh, p, hmQe J pjl
jpmjecl Qu fLe Luj hPm jpmjecl Ahce AeL hnz fh-fLeL LE Ahm fLe njm
Llez CuqCu Me 70-Hl ehQel fl j. il pb kNpSn Ll rjal mi fh- fLeL hRal cL
Wm cez hmVl pL hmV cu cje Lll AfQl gmC fLe c'iN hi qu Nmz fh-fLe CR
Ll hR quez al fh-fLeL Aeuih fLe bL hl Ll cuRz''
Bjl H SJuh e CuqCu J il hl nNe l qu kaz
ila LaVL cu- H fnJ Ll qaz Hl SJuh hmaj k, cnje qphC ila Ha hs pkN mg euRz
fLeL iPhl H jqpkN CuqCu-iC p Ll cmez
pd pjhn Bj H phdehZJ EQlZ Llaj k, Cpmjl pb hnpOaLal gm fLe iP Nm z kc
HLC dlu cn Qma bL aqm hL fLeJ VLh Le hl ku ez LlZ fLe Le iMl ej Rm ez
fLeJ VLh Le hm ku ez LlZ fLe Le iMl ej Rm ez fLe HLV BcnL ej z I BcnC kc
e VL aqm fLe Lje Ll VL bLh? I Bcnl ia fLeL Ns amhl BcmeC Sjua Cpmjz
kl fLeL jkha Lla Qe aclL Sjua kNce Lll Bqe SeCz
Bjl I pgl QmLmC Bjl Sjual ehQel Se lLe pjme hmV halZ quRz Bj lLeNZL hmR
k, hmV ffl Bjl ejJ BRz kc LE BjL iV ce aqm ayl iVV Le LS Bph ez LlZ Bjl
Ljm H cn euz Ba BjL k cn fuc LlRe, p cn kc ka eJ fl ahJ kMeC bL I cnl
Cpmj Bcmel SeC Bj LS Lla QCz H LS H cn bL Ll ph qh ez kMe bLC ph eu, pMeC
Qm ka qhz aC LE BjL iV che ez HihC Bj Bjl hl ehQe Aike Qme fuSe je Llz

Bjl me khl fQ
phcL hhQe Ll Hhw jJme jJccl pb fljn Ll no fk me kJuC l qk pMe bL YLu kNkN
LlJ pqS Hhw MhlMhl fJuJ phz Hl Se fbjC fpfV pwNq Ll fuSez iCp fpX Seh elm
Bjel pb Bjl euja kNkN Rmz Bj aylC pqkNau Bjcl QlSel fpfV kNs Llmjz
fpfV fJul flflC jJme Bhcm lqj LlQ Qm Nmez Cpmjhc NiejV qVm Bj, jJme Bhcp
phqe J HXiLV Bgke lu Nmjz
Cajd fpXV J fde pjlL npL j. i glje OoZ Llme k, fh-fLe kl fLe luRe al
fpXVl Aeja Rs fLel hCl ka flhe ez Bj fpXVl hlhl me khl Aejq Qu clM
iCp fpXV Seh elm Bjel qa cu hmmj, ""Bjl clMV plpl fpXV qES XLkN fWm Lh
Hl SJuh Bph a AeQa z aC Bfel qa cmj, ka gmgm eQaih Se kuz LuLce fl ae ge
cM Lla hmmez Bn elnl cmu cm Ma MaC Nmjz ae j. il Lb Ea Ll hmme, ""e LC
SuNz'' fh- fLe bL LE BpaJ flh e HhP kl HMe BR al LbJ kaJ flh ez
me khl fQ pgm qm ez mel jdj YLl pb f kNkNC p bLa qmz

165

fL
fLe uih hphpl fh
Sjual cuanm jqm SeSe qu Nm k, Bjl kl OVej fLe lu NuR, aclL plLl Ae
LbJ ka cR ez aC BjclL hd qu fLeC uih hphp Lla qhz
lqj Cul Me Sml Bjl Seh Bnlg hSJu jJme Bhcp phqe pqhL Agl cme ke ae I Smu
hphp Llez aL hm qm k, ayl HmLu k fljZ SjSj Rm Hl Z Sj ayL ce Ll qhz ae ayl
flhlL eu Bpm acl hphpl khau hh Ll qhz ayl jqa J BlLau Bjl j qmjz L pMe
uih hphp Lll Le Q-ihe Bjcl jVC Rm ez jJme Bhcp phqe BhNfZ iou Llu
Seme Hhw cu QCme ke cn gl khl flhn p quz
Selm (Ah.) JjlJ Me qWv HLce Cpmjhc NiejV qVm Bjl lj qSl qmez ae HL pju fhfLe pehqel SJp Rmez 70-Hl ehQe ae Sjual eje Rmez he Mhl ae pS Bjl Ljlu
YL fsme? Bj OVel BLpLau HLV hha hd LlmJ Aa BlLal pbC pcl Aibe Semjz
LmLm Lll pju ae LR pju ByLs dl bLme HhP BjL Qj cmez
Sp ca ayl cL aLmjz ae aje Le ijL RsC Bjl En hm gmme, ""Sea flmj k,
BfeL fLeC bLa qRz plLl hCl ka cR ez aC mql Bjl k hsV is cu lMR a
BfeL NgV qph chl fh eu qSl quRz Bjl H Agl Lhm Llm Bj Aa Mn qhz''
Bj ayl jqa J BlLal Llu Seu LRV qmLihC hmmj, ""iC, Bq kc Le ce YLu eSl
hsa bLl pkN ce p AfruC bLhz Bl LbJ hsl jmL qhl CR eCz aRs Bj kMe pkN fC
fLe bL hCl Qm khl CR eCz aRs Bj kMe pkN fC fLe bL hCl Qm khl CR eCz aRs
Bj kMe pkN fC fLe bL hCl Qm khl Se fa qu BRz
ae eQf hm lCmez ayl cL aLu cMmj, cQM bL fe Nsu fsRz Bj hha qu hmmj, ""Bfel
Agl NqZ e Llu je Hj L fhe hm dlZ Llez Bfe BjL rj Llhez'' ae hmme , ""Bfel eu
cel HLSe Mcj Nqqe Ahu BRe, HaC Bj hce hd LlRz'' ayl H BlL pqeia Bjl Al fn
Llmz Bj Aeih Llmj k, ae MhC BlL hmC QMl fea fjZ cmez
127.

BkcBkc-Lnl pgl
1972 pml BN jpl Bkc-Lnll fpXV plcl Bhcm LCuj Me BjclL lSde jkgglhc khl
Se cJua cmez fl Sea flmj k, Bkc-Lnl plLll Qg pVl (ejV AeLL Sp LlJ fmj
e) EcNC H cJua HpRz ae YLu Ljla bLLm efl (kl haje ej fHVp) Qulje Rmez
XCll Rme LVe Bhcl lhz efl qmlj Cpmj nr pfL HL pjel Cpmj RpwOl pifa elm
Cpmj, YL hnhcmu nMl pifa Bhcm jmL (nqc) J pwOl pCuc jqjc Chlqj (fl jSl Se.)
ha Llez Qulje pqh Ecio Rmez I pjel pifaa Lle hwmio Xll LVe Bhcl lhz I
pjel Bhcm jmLl hal Vf lLX bL Na 15 BN (2003) pqL pel hwml "nqc jmL' pwMu
I hhV fLna quz Qulje pqh I lLX Ll ha nr hiNl EQfc Le Le LjLaL cuRmez
LVe Bhcl lh lSnq hiNl XfV Ljnel qph Ahpl NqZ Llez QLla bLLmC hi Cpmj IL
pwNWel jSmp pclal pcp qph hm ijL lMez

166

jpmj mN ea qph Seh ngLm Cpmjl ejJ cJua Hm z Bj, jJme Bhcp phqe J HXiLV
BgSe Bqjc jm phjV Bjl QlSe Bja Rmjz kkgglhc bL HLV hs SfNs BjclL
Cpmjhc bL eu Nmz
Cpmjhc bLC fqs HmL lz pl fbC fqs lz c'cLC phSl pjlqz "iN Lnl' Efd elbL
euz Bjl j-hpu Bql MQa fLaL cn EfiN Lla Lla HNu Qmmjz Bjcl ke Bmf-BmQel
Le AhplC Rm ez jT jT BgSe pqh q-an Ll hmae, ""qul Bjl Hje pcl cn bL hR
qu fsmjz'' al H hmf Bjclpck ffp BlJ hsu cmz Bjcl Ns Qg pVll Agp fyRl
pb pbC ae BjclL pcl Aibe Seme Hhw Eo Bme Llmez ae al Nsa EW Bjcl Nsl
pje ku fRe fRe Bpa Cnl Llmez LuL jeV flC Bjl pLV qES fyRmjz Bjcl Se hl
Ljlu ku Npm Ll cf ll Mhll Se fa qhl Se ae fljn cmez Qg pVl pqh BjclL eu
Aa eLVC Aha jpSc kqll ejk Bcu Llmez Hl flflC ae BjclL Mhl Vhm eu Nme Hhw
Bjcl pbC Mmez Bjl al AjuL hhql J AabfluZau j qmjz Vf flqa MV BLll he
jeoV BjclL Af pjul jdC Bfe Ll emez
Mhl pju ae YLu LuL hRl Ljla bLme paQlZ Ll Bgpp Llme k, pMe Bl khl pkN lCm ez
Mhl fl ae BjclL hnj ehl pkN cm hm Nme k, ae Bjcl pbC Bpll ejk Bcu Llhez
ejkl fl ae Bjcl pb BmQeu hpmez ae L L LlZ hPm jpmjeclL Aa imhpae a EM
Ll Seme k, I imhpl VeC BjclL HMe Be Lah je LlRez Bjl k jepL Ahu ce LVR
a Efm LlC qua ae BjclL jqje qph pjcl Ll Mn Lla QuRez BjclL Lnl cMl
pkNce Llu Bjl phC BlL Llu Semj HhP al Babuau Bjl Aa a J p hm fLn Llmjz
Lnll pckl fnwp Bjl AeL eR, L cMl pkN fu Bjl Aa Beca hm Semjz
Lnl cMl ja k k BR a cMhe hm Seme Hhw Hl Se Bjcl pb fljn Ll pjupQ fZue Llmez
kce fyRmj, Hlfl jTMe HLce bL aau ce Bjl Cpmjhc gl Nmjz H pjul jd fpXVl pb
prv pQhmu cM, nql Ol cn cMl pLm Lb je eCz ah plLl XN LlSl Lb hno LlZ pf je
fsz XN LlS HLVC jz aC R J RclL HLC LmS ia LlJ nlBal pLm pj lr Ll Lih
ph, Hl Em c fe Ll quRz LmSl NV Lfp c'iN hi z LmS Rcl fhn fb kcL
Rcl fhn fb Hl hfla cLz LmS fZl jTMe EyQ cumz R J Rcl jljn cll Lb flfll
cM qJulJ Le pkN eCz
Bjl Lplj YL AhL hpk Aiia qmjz Lpljl jTMe cumz cuml HLfn Rcl Se Bpe, Afl
fn Rcl Se hpl hh Ll quRz HLC nrL HLpbC Lp eez nrL R J RclL Ahn cMa fez
L Rl RclL cMa fu ez Hje QjvLl hh Lnl Rs Bl LbJ cMez fLel Rcl Se fbL
LmS, HjeL jXLm LmSJ BRz L HLC LmS R-RclL fsl hh LlJ L-HXLnel Lgm
bL lr Lll Hje QjvLl Lnm cM Bjl phC j qmjz Bj Se e k, HMeJ H fa pMe Qm BR
Lez Rcl Se fbL fae Lll pd e bLm H hhl Bnu eJu kuz

bL
lXJ b
L Bjl ha
BjL Aeld Ll qu k, Bkc-Lnl Cpmj Bcn Lujl k fQ QmR H hok SeNZL E Ll ke
lXJa hh lMz Lnl io a Bjl Se eCz L nra phC Ec hTa prj hm EcaC hml fljn
cmez ila bL fbL de p hSu lMa qm CpmjC k HLj lrLhQ p Lbl la hThl Q Llmjz
j

167

10 jeV ha Llmjz fpj H LbJ hmmj k , fLe Cpmj Bcn Lujl Q e LluC fh-fLe
hR qu Nm Hhw ilal Bdf pMe Lujl pkN qmz

pXVl
fpX
Vl pb pSe prv
Bkc-Lnll ehQa fpXV qph plcl Bhcm LCuj Me Aa Sefu Rmez ae jJme jJccl pb
Oe kNkN lMaez p phc mql jJmel hpihlC al pb Bjl cM- flQuz fLhl HL hno
Efmr lJumfaJ cM quz ae Aa jL fLal mLz paLl Seeal Zhma ae ioa Rmez
al AgpC Bjl pSe prv Lz Bkc-Lnl Bpl Se BjclL cJua cJuu al Llu SeC z
fLe Ma qJuu ae Nil cxM fLn Llez ilau peeuLl eLV fLel peuLl BapjfZl Se
A hcehd LlRe hm Semez H Efjqcnl Caqp HV Qlj LmSeL OVe hm ae jh Llmez ae
Bkc-Lnl Cpmj Bcnl hhuel Q LlRe hm Bjl jhlLhc Semjz Bl fLe a Ll qR e hm
Bgpp Llmjz

QgQg-pVll pb Cpmjhc prv

Bkc-Lnll Qg pVl pqh HLhl Hp Cpmjhc NiejV qVm EWmez gSll ejkl pju jpSc
cMz ayl m Sj J cO cs bLu ke Cjja Lle ae ayLC ejk fshl Se Aeld Semez ae pl
pScq pqih amJua Ll ejk pjd Llmez Bj ayl Cjjaa j qmjz HLSe pHpf Agpl Hje Zl
AdLl qa fle H Aia Bjl Rm ez
ejkl fl ae Bjl Ljlu Bpl Se pju edlZ Llmez kbpju Bpmez ae hmme, ""Bj jJme
jJccl AeL hC fsRz BdeL nra mLL Cpmj pfL pf dlZ chl pWL dlZ Bmj pjSlJ Ljz
Bj ahmN SjuaJ Q cuRz H Sjual Qfa Bjl Mh im mNRz Bjl dlZ k, Sjual
mLl kc almNl Qu ke aqm Cpmj pfL pWL dlZ ahmNl mLcl jd Rsu ca flhez al
CpmjL d dj qphC hTez Sjual Ljcl pqha al Shehde qph CpmjL Sel pkN fhez
Bfe Sjua Cpmja kNcel fh ahmN Sjua Q cuRe hm Sea fl Bfel eLV H fh
lMmjz Cpmj pfL Sjua Cpmjl hhfL dlZ ahmN Sjual jd Rsu ca flm ahmNl pb
pfLa hlV pwML cecl mL Cpmj Bcme pu qa fl, H dlZC BjL H f h lMa E LlRz
Bjl Mh cxM hd qu k, Cpmj pfL pWL J hfL dlZ AeL cecll jdJ eCz''
Bj ayl BlLa J BhNfZ hh ce Cpmjl Se ayl ILL clc Aeih Llmjz Bql HC jMmp hcl
fa Bjl imhp hs Nmz Bj ayl Skhl fpwp Ll hmmj, ""ahmN Sjua pfL AeL hi lLj
jc dlZ foZ Llz HjeL HVL Cpmj hld Le jqml pflLfa LjpQ hmJ LE LE je Llz ahmN
Sjua cOce kbkb cuanm bLu H Sjua pfL Bj kbkb dlZ lMz aC Bj Sjua Cpmja
kNcel flJ ahmN SjuaL imhpz Hl l Cpmjl kVL Mcja qR a jmhe hm je Llz acl H
Mcja pJ HLV LlZ Cpmjl ral Bn J luRz kc acl Lbu jeol jd H hnp p qu k, ahmN
Sjua cel kVL nr cJu qu aaVLC fZ Cpmj, aqm a Aa jlaL ral LlZ qhz HVL L "ehJum
Lj" hm dlZ cJu qm Aa im dlZ p qhz Bj kMe ahmN LS LlR aMe H dlel Lb hma eez
ehl cJua HVLa pjh RmA ez pLm ehl cJuaC ham n hd cuRz qL cJuaL ihLihC
ham pq Lla fl ez AbQ ceul LbJ ahmNl cJual pb haml Le pwOo qu ez Sepjbel cL
cu ahmN Sjua hn phQu hs Sjuaz AbQ H Sjual Lc caz ilal ja jpmj J Cpmj ho

168

cnl haje qc pfcuL plLl fk ahmNl LSL acl Se raLl je Ll e Hl LlZ, ahmN Sjua
d HLV dju pw, CLja cel pwNWe euz''
ahmN Sjua pfL Bjl cO jh e Qg pVl pqh Bjl pb HLja qu hmm, ""alnl cnL
fhl jJua ejL HmLu ahmN Sjual faa jJme CmCup (l) H LSl pQe Llez aMe I HmLu
Anra jpmjecl Hje Ah Rm k, acl She Cpmjl LRC Rm ez jJme CmCup (l) H LSl jdj
aclL jpmj Qae ce Lle Hhw Cpmjl HVL nr acl jd Qm Llez''
Bj hmmj, ""CwlSl cO Nmjl kN jpmj Sa k ekae J hfkul nLl qu aa dj qphJ hi SuNu
Cpmj VL bLa flez 1860-Hl cnL jJme jqjc Lpj eeah J ayl pbcl fQu cJhc Cpmj
nr-Bcme l e qm Hhw Jmj hqe p e qm pl ilaho Ha jclp Luj qa ez Cpmjl H nr
Bcmel gmC LlBe J qcpl QQ hyQ BRz plLl pqk RsC H jclp nr hl Bmj pjSl hlV
Llhe luRz H Bcme Ns e EWm Efjqcn Cpmjl LRC Ahn bLa ez
CwlS npeje H jclp nru nracl Le pkN-phd Rm ez ayl jpSc J jclpl Mcja J Jukecqa LlC ShL ASe Lla hd qez H flaa al Cpmjl d dju cLVL hyQu lMa prj quRez
jpSc, jclp J MeLl jdj kVL cel Bm halZ Ll quR HVL nr bLJ kl ha aclL ce-nr
chl SeC almN Sjual Sjz kl jclp J MeLu ka flm e alC Sjua bL nr NqZl pkN
fuRz ahmNl nrLNZl AeLC Bmjz H SeC ahmN Sjua eSL "Qma-gla' (Qmje) jclp J
MeLq hm bLz
Hlfl Qg pVl pqh al fh pfL Bjl Aija Sea QCmez Bj aL H hou Bjl hb fQl
Lqe emjz hmmj, k YL LLlCm jpSc almN Sjua Bjl Oe LuLSe pqLjL jJme jJccl
Djel qLLa, "Cpmjl qLLa' J "ejk-lkl qLLa' hC fsa cmjz HL pq fl H hCm gla eh
HhP Ae BlJ hC ch hm Semjz ec ce fmjz khl pb pbC ph hC BjL gla cmez hCm
Lje mNm Sea QCmjz phC HLhL hmm k, al LE Le hCC fseez Aa hpu fLn Ll e fsl
LlZ Sp Llmjz hmme, ""Hph hC fs jlcl je BRz'' Sp Llme Le? SJuh hmme, Cpmj hC
acl Aejce euC fsl euj luRz
Bjl Sjua Cpmja kNcel fl ahmN Sjual eahcl hlf fau Bjl Se Rmz acl dlZ
k, Hph hC fs Bj Njlq qu NRz aC Bjl ja Bl LE ke Njlq e qu p EnC jlcl
Aejcel hde Qm quRz fle hclL d HVL hmC hcu qmj, ""Ae hC fsmC kc Dje hf qhl iu
bL aqm Ha chm
Dje Lje Ll lr Llhe?''
Qg pVl pqh hmme, ""H fa acl Se EfkN eu hmeC Bjl fhV i dlelz'' Bj hmmj k,
Qu kl ke aclL ph pjuC acl ec LjpQa h lMz kMe Sjual mL ahmNl Qu ku
acl amj ephl hCl Cpmjl Ae Le nr flhnel Le pkNC fh e H dlel Q Lla Nm
cuanml LRa a Lla ch ez
Bj BlJ Semj k, Bj ahmNl cuanm bLLm ejkl qLLa pfL hh lMu Ae HL cuanm
Bf ammez ahmN SjuAa d gkum BmQe qu, qLLa BmQel Le Aeja eCz al fh
hhpja eu hm jh Lll fl ae Aa Bgpp Ll hmme, ""ahmN Sjual pb pwn Ha hlV
pwML jpmj-jpmje Cpmjl fZ lf pfL AC bL kRez Bl CLja cel BcmeJ H hlV nl
pqkNa bL ha bLRz''

169

Bj aL pe cu hmmj, ""Bj je Ll k, Sjua Cpmjm pb ahmN Sjual flflL hldal

Le LlZ eCz Sjua Bql BCe Luj Lll kN mL al Lll Q LlRz almN Sjua kclL al
LlR al Bql BCe Luj qm Snl pb je ehez almN Sjua cel jSqc e hemJ, jeoL
cecl a heRz
Qg pVl pqhl pb I pral fl c'jp flC Bj ql En Qm kCz aC al pb Bl cM quez

fLe bL hl qhl dc
jJme Bhcl lqj Bjcl bL Bmc qu LlQ Qm khl fl al pb kNkNC Rm e HLhl LlQa
Seh jpmj Bml hpu ku Bj cM LlRz HXiLV BgSe pqh pflhh Cpmjhc bLu al fr
fLe bL hl qhl Q Ll ph Rm ez
Bj J jJme Bhcp phqe jJme jJccl pb BmQel fl p emj, k q Efmr fLe aL hCl
khl p kN ea qhz kbpju Bjl ql Se plLl glj clM cmjz Bhl (72) pm jpC plLl
Aeja J "fmNj fp' fu Nmjz fpfVl hcm d ql En H fp cJu qaz Bjl fpfV hhql
Llmj e, ka plLl je Ll k, Bjl q Ll gl Bphz aC Aee fLe qkl jaC Bjl "fmNj
fp' euC khl p emjz
eill aau pq Bjcl Vjl EWl alM fmjz pLm hje khl fQme Rm e z ph qk SqS
SmfbC kaz H cn bL QVNj SqS EWa qaz ilahpl h bL HhP fLel LlQ bL SqS
BlqZ Ll S fRaez
LlQ bL S fRa HL pq mNl Lbz q J Jjlq pfL fuSeu jpBm-jpCm Sel Se H pjuV
phQu EfkNz j nlg fyRl Se jepL fa J BhN pl Se fb H pjuV fJul fuSeua phC
Efm Llaz BSLm hje qWv Ll Esm cu gsv Ll S fyRm I pkN fJu ku ez Ahn qS Lf
LuLce bLm I En LRV flZ quz
128.

ql fa
Bj J jJme Bhcp phqe ihL BhN J Becl pb q khl fuSeu faa h qmjz ei aau
pq (72 pm) c'Se Hp pbC LlQ Nmjz Bj kahlC LlQ NuR, Sjual cuanm iCul BjL
qVm EWa ceez ce iCcl Ll hsaC bLl phch LlRez Hhl Sjua Cpmj fLel Lcu
euh Bjl AdfL Bhcm Ngl Bqjcl hsa bLl hh qmz Hl BNJ HLhl LuLce ayl hsa Rmjz
q pfL Ai iCul Bjcl c'SeL fuSeu fljn cmez phQu lafZ fljn qm jBj pfLz
klC q Lla ke, aclL Le jBjl ahdeC bLa quz j J jceu bL- MJul hh, je J
Blga eu kJu, jeu ayha LuLce Ahe Cac jBjlC Ll bLz
jJme jJcc (l) kMe q Nme, aMe jBj BLm Bpl ahde Rmez Hlfl bL fLe bL
Sjual mLl HC jBjl LRC kaez BjclLJ ayC ahde q Lll fljn cmez Ahn BLm
Bp 72 pml BNC CLm LlRez jBj jl NmJ gj qph jm jBjl ejC ayl pel cua fme
Ll bLz aC Bjcl pVLp J hXw-H Blh J CwlSa jBj BLm Bpl ej BVV cu mMu emjz

170

ec alM Bjl c'Se HLpbC LlQ hcl ql En ec SqS BlqZ Lll Se fyRmjz Bjcl
jm-pje SqS Bjcl Se ec Bpe fyRhl Se eu Nmz
Aee pLm BeeLa pf qJul fl Bjl phno plLl Aeel Se CjNne LEVl fyRmjz Bjl
mCe cysmjz plum Aeku jJme Bhcp phqel Bjl BN bLu aylC fRe Bj cysmjz HL HL
pll phC fl qu ka bLmz jJme Bhcp phqeJ fl qu Nmez L Se e L LlZ BjL mCe cyse
Rme alJ kbla fl qa bLmez Bj hpa qu Sp Llmj, ""BjL Le BVL Ll qm? CjNne
Agpl ""Bfe hme, fl hmh'' hm SJuh cmez
jJme Bhcp phqe pqhL Aee q kcl pb Vjl eu kJu qm z Bjl Se Afr Ll ayl ph
Rm ez BjL Le ka cJu qm e a ae Se ka flme ez
OVMeL Afr Ll Bj I AgplL hmmj, ""BjL Hih Le hpu lMme a Bj Sea QCz'' BjL
aMe CjNnel hs Lal Ljlu eu Nmez Bjl aMe ena Lll ja jSS Rm ez Bj hll pb
hmmj, ""hflV L? Bj LRC hTa flR ez f Ll hm qR e Le?''
ae hmme, ""Bjl Efl bL flha ecnl Afru BRz'' Bj hmmj, ""BjL Cpmjhc l jZmul
XfV pVll pb ge Lb hml hh Ll cez ae Bjl Oe flQaz qua pWL Mhl Sea flhz
XfV pVl (ejV LRaC kNs qm e) YL hnhcmu bL fp Ll pHpf Agpl qez ae HL hql
flhll pe qmJ m-LmS hwm jdjC fsRez RShe Cpmj R pwNWe pu Rmez Cpmjhc
bLLm Bj J jJme Bhcp phqe aye plLl hpu cJua MuRz YLl paQlZ Ll Bgpp Llae k,
Bl pMe khl Efu lCm ez ihLihC hm J Lnl Lm k BhqJuu LV aa Ai qhl LlZ i
BhqJuu hphp Ll a qu ez k HmLu RV bL hs qu p jVl pb BhNju pfL Ns EWz Hph Lb ae
BmQe Llmez je fs HL fku ae BhNl pbC hmme, ""fyCnL J Qws jRl QQl Bjl MhC fu Rmz
HMe a Lbu fh?
kqL ayl pb Vmge kNkNl Q al LlRe hm cMme hVz L Le kNkN qm ez pLm 10V
bL hLm 3V fk CjNne fs bLl fl Vjl bL Bjl jmjm gla He BjL Sem k, plLl
Bjl Efl fLel hCl khl hfl ekd Sl LlRz
Vmge LlQ Sjua Agp H Mhl Semjz Agp pVl lSh Bm pqh Hp BjL eu Nmez BjL
q ka e chl MhlV Sjua Agp bL pLm fLu fWe qmz fll ce LlQl pLm p, CwlS J Ec
ceL hn lapqLl MhlV fLn fmz Sjual ceL Spla a hel qX Rm z qXw-Hl io Rm,
""Lu Nmj Bkj hPm qu a jpmje eq qu?'' MhC BjZaL iou MhlV Sjua Agp bL flhne
Ll quz fLu pihC fLna qkz

H Mhll hfL fau

H Mhl fLu gmJ qhl flce fLu Hl hfL fau cM Nmz jpmj mNl c'Nf LuLV Cpmj cm
Hhw LuLSe hn hl fr bL ah ec J hm fahcjmL hha fLna qmz Hl fll ce BlJ hha
fLu cM Nmz LlQ J mqll LuLV fLu H hou ah pjmQe Ll pfcLuJ mM qmz
4b ce Cpmjhc bL q J BJLg j jJme LJpl euS Bjl pb Vmge Lb hmmez Bj k
hsa Rmj I hsl geC Lb qmz ae hmme , ""BNjLm pu fpXV il pb Bfel prvLll
171

hh Ll quRz Bfe BS la gCVC Cpmjhc Qm Bpez LlQa CjNne Bfel pb k BQlZ LlR
aa fpXV Aa cxMaz aC ae Bfel pb H hou pra Lb hma Qez''
ge Bj hmmj, ""BSC lal gCV BjL ka hmRe, AbQ VLV J Bpe fJu kh Le Se ez'' ae
hmme, Bfe fa qu HulfVke, Bfel Se pV hL Ll BRz Bfel VLVJ LEVl NmC fhez
Cpmjhc LlQ bL plpl gCV BNjLm ce eCz jNlhl flflC fpXVl pb Bfel pral pju
ec Ll quRz aC BS laC BfeL Bpa qhz''

jJme LJpl euS

jJme LJpl euS BCuh Mel pjlL npel fh fk Sjua Cpmj mql nql nMl Bjl J Lcu
jSmp nll pcp Rmez p phc ayl pb Bjl Oe pfL Rmz HLhl NoLm jSmp nll Adhne Rm
z Adhne no ae jOm Bjml hMa nmjl hN HL hLm HL hece Aee Llmez Ha R-AR jm
30/35 Se Ea Rmez BjL hno jqje qph eu Nmez HV pha 1958 pml Se jpl Lbz Aeel
ej cJu qu "cJua Bj' z Eca Bj (BCe cu mMm) je pdlZz Bj (Bmg cu mMm) Ab qu Bj ejL
gmz H gmL hwm, Ec, qc J Aee ilau iou Bj-C hm qkz "cJua Bj' LbVl jdJ bhdL lpLa
Ll En Rmz HV HLV pdlZ cJua Hhw HLC pb Bj MJul cJua Rm z fLel Sl j Bj I
Aee phCL fQl fljZ MJue qkz
H hece Aeel flQmL J jdjZ Rme jJme LJpl euSz I pju ayl hup 35 J 40-Hl jdz Aa
pcl Qqlu LQLQ Lm cysa cMa hn BLoZu Rmez ae Lha mMae Seaez I Aee ae pjL
ea emez NuL qph Bj aL Seaj ez BlJ LuLSe qjc, ea J Cpmj Skhl Ne eme z BjL
phC Qf cme hwm ea ehl Sez Caxfh HL dlhqL pwMu EM LlR k, RShe Ll eSlm lQa J
fMa NuL Bpel L a hn LuV ea Bj NCaj z Le Aee LMe eCez Oluih NCajz
HjH flrl fl ahmN Sjual Qu mN Nmjz Ne NJul pkNJ Bl lCm e, jeihJ hL bLm ez
I Aee phC hwm eal eje Sea BNq fLn Llu Bj HLV eal LuLV fP Bh Ll emj Hhw
Eca Aehc Llmjz Lh eSlml IeaV Bjl Mh fu qmJ QQl Aih phVL jM e bLu Af HLV emjz
eaVl AeL n al hwm eC hTa flmez eaVl fbj fPV Ea LlR x
jqjc ej SyfRm hmhm aC BN
aC Ll al LlC Ne Hje jdl mNz
Bj LuLV fP eu Eca Aehc Lll fl al phC pl cu Nu ehl Se Sl Bhcl Semz h hRl
bL NC e hm qWv Aei L NCa ALl Llmjz L no fk acl ch jea hd qmjz Bj hpa
qmj k, acl HLSe Bjl pl eLm Ll fbj fPV QjvLlih Bjl Qu AeL j L eu phCL
Becl pNl ipu cmz

LJpl euSl Adxfae

BCuh Mel pjlL npeje (1958-62 fk) jJme LJpl euS Jukl fn NqZ Llez pcne J pLl
AdLl qJuu ae Aa Sefu Juuk flZa qez 1962 pml Se jp pjlL npel Ahpel pb pbC
Sjua Cpmj pwNWeL avfla l Llz jJme LJpl euS mql nql Sjual Bjl qph fLn
cua fme Lla Nu pjpl pjMe qez mqll ja hlV nqll pwNWeL cua kbkblf fme Lla Nm
Juul cJua BNl ja ehl Ahpl fJu ph qa fl ez aC pwNWe ayL Juk kJu h Lll Se Qf
cmz ae Juk h Ll ph eu, LR Lja pja hm Semez BN ae phrZL cuanm qph k ia

172

fae aa Le lLj pwpl Qmaz Jukl fn ayl flhlL She k hlV flhae He cuR a aN Ll
Bhl BNl ja iau Qm LRaC ph qRm ez Juk Qm bLu nql-pwNWel ch Aeku pju cJuJ ph
qRm ez aC ayL nqll Bjl fc bL Ahqa cu fcnL fku HLV fc cJu qk HhP p qu k, ae
Juk Efmr kMeC ke pMeLl pwNWeJ LR pju chez
LRcel jdC AikN EWm k, ae Juuk qph kaua MlQ fJu pJ pwNWeL pgl Lll phc HLC
SuNl pwNWe bLJ kaua MlQ eez H eu al pb pwNWel je LoLo Qmmz Sjual pjmQejmL
jhJ fLn fa mNmz Sjual cuanmcl ial hlJ ayl jh fLu Hmz
pha 1967 pml Lbz Lcu jSmp nlu aMe ae Rme ez Caxfh ae mql nqll faed qph nll
pcp Rmez p cua bL Ahqal LlZ pll pcp fcJ aMe Rm ez Lcu nll Adhnel fh Ljfloc
jJme LJpl euSl hl nMm hld avflal AikN EWmz fLu fLna Sjua pfL ayl LaL
jh fLna qhl cle ayL Sjua bL hql Ll fuSe hm jaja Hm z Bjl Sjua jJme jJcc
hmme k, hql e Ll ayL lLeua bL Ahqa ehl fhjn ca flez
c'ce fl Sjual Lcu nll hWL quz I pju jJme euS pwhc pjme XL Sjual hl hocNl
Ll Sjua bL fcaNl OoZ cmez l pcpNZ Bjl Sjual pjmQe Ll hmme k, ayL kbpju
hql Ll qm Hih SjuaL mb jl hl qa flae e z jJme Hl SJuh hmme, ""Bj a BShe
jeoL Sjua njm Lll QC Ll HpRz Sjua bL hql Lla Bjl je pu cu ez aC fcaN LlC
Bj fRc Llz L Le qaiN kc lSeaL hSl al jmhl Ljamh SjuaL Nmsm cJu miSeL
je Ll aqm aL hql Lll flJ a Lla flz'' j. i aMe BCuh Me Ma fbL qu ffmp fV Luj
Ll juce mgmg LlRez ae euSL jqjmhe jeL qph pcl NqZ Llmez jJme euS il cm
EQ jkc fmez j. i ayL ph Sepiu ayl hqcl pb qph fn Llez jJme euS Hl face
Sepi ja Ll il ZNe Lla Nu ae LhL iou k hmae, Hl c'HLV Lb Bjl HMeJ je BRz ae
LhL iou k hmae, Hl c'HLV Lb Bjl HMeJ je BRz ae hmae, i HL jqpj, Bjl I pjl
YEz i pN hnm HL gm, Bjl Hl fyfsz''
1970-Hl ehQe il jqhSu quz 1971-Hl Xpl kMe j. i fLel hcnq qe aMe jJme euSL
q J BJLg jZmul cua cez
jJme LJpl euS pfL Ha cO BmQel jdj Bj H LbC fjZ Lla QC k, Cpmj Bcme HaV
ANpl qJul flJ ceul mil Ml fsm Lje jlaL Adxfae quz Sjua Cpmjl ja HLV BcnL
cml eaJ pfcl jq fs Hje Qlj fku fyR Nme k, Cpmjl cnje eaC al Bcn jqflo hm NZ
qu Nmz kl Le BcnL Luj Lll Se BlL fQ Qmu al Bafal En Le LS Ll ez hlw
aclL Sheil d N J LlheC ca quz Bl kl ceul jq BL qu fs al BafaLC Shel
En heu euz H Sau mLcl Adxfael Le pj bL ez fael fl fae qaC bLz acl She
Bcjl Bl Le hmC bL ez al CmjJ aMe Bl fae WLa fl ez eSL Luj Lll enu kL fu
hp, p Le Bcn LujlC kN bL ez al pLm kNa, jd, nj, pju, BhN Cac BafauC hu qu
kuz

j. il pb pral En Cpmjhc Nje

jJme LJpl euSl fljn jahL la ps e'Vu LlQ hje hcl fyRmjz ial YLhl pb pbC hcll
HLSe Vg HNu Hp Sp Llme, ""Bfe L fgpl Nmj Bkj?'' Bj qy hml pb pb ae BjL ayl
pb khl Se Aeld Llme z ae VLV LEVl eu VLV BjL cmez isl VL ca QCm hmme,

173

VLp cJu mNh ez ae BjL hje Bjl Bpe hpu cu hdu emez Bj aL BlL Llu Semjz
Bj hn LaL hd Llmjz Bj fpXVl jqje qph iBCf VVjV fmjz
Cpmjhc hje-hcl bL hl qaC Sjual lJumf nMl pVl lS pqh (fl ej plZ Lla
flmj e) Bjl pVLpV Bjl qa bL eu Nsl cL Hmez ae 71-H hn Luce YLu Bjl hsa
jqje Rme hm ayl pb hNa Oea Ns EWz Ns Bjl Aa flQa Sjua Agp Nu bjmz lS
pqh BjL jqje Meu eu Nmez

Bjl ej imhl lN
fpj Bjl ej im bLl hflV EM Lll fuSe hd LlRz Na LuL hRl bL Bj mr LlR k,
Bjl OeSe, HjeL ea-eaecl ejJ Le Le pju je Bp ez cn hRl bL pmj Bjl LS-Lj
phrZ pb BRz aL ej dl XLa Nu ejV je e Bpm hm Vfa hd qCz
Xl amLcl ej fMa qjJfbL LuL hRl BN hmmj, ""HV Lje Lb k, Bjl hal fuV Hhw
LlBe-qcpl Ea WLjaC je Bpz eV RsC ha Lla flz AbQ LRl mfLcl ejJ im kC''z ae
qp hmme, ""qjJfbL pCp Aeku HVJ HLV hno lNz Bfe qjJ QLvp eez'' Ahn al fljn NqZ
Ll HMeJ Kod MCez
"She k cMmj' mMa Nu kph mLl Lb BmQeu Bp acl phl ej plZ Bp e hm hn hhahd
Llz H pJ I lNl QLvp LlR ez LlZ Bj qjccl Iod MR Na HL hRl bLz "qjcc mhlVlS
(JuLg) hwmcn'-Hl jeSw Xll qLj jJme jqjc CEpg qle iyCul R She bL Bjl Oe
flQuz 72 bL 78 pml jTjT fk cn Rmj e hm kNkN e bLmJ 78-Hl pVl )ljcel la)
qjccl hMa nlha "lq BgS' qculf fu Aiia qmjz fahRlC H qcu euja fCz al pb fh
pfL fehqm Bjl Le Ahce eC, pLm Laa qLj pqhlC ffz
Na hRl jJme Bhcp nqc epjl "LlBe nr ppCV'l HL Aee qjcc jmeuae Nmjz qLj pqh
pMe Efa Rmez Aee no BjL ae ayl Agp eu Nmez LuLSe XClll pb flQu Llmez
qLj Bhcm jeuj MeL XL Bjl flr Llmez Bphl pju Nsa AeL Iod am cmez qLj
jeuj LkLhl hsa Hp cM NRez al BlLa J in BjL j Ll lMRz aL "aj' pde Lla
BjL hd LlRz BjL BmVpefg Ll cMa hmme Hhw fVV N HemSX hl pcq fLn Llmez
1994 pm Che pe qpfam X. Bhcm Jqh Bjl fVV H N Aflne Llez 7/8 hRll jd Bhl
pjp qhl Lb euz Na hRl pVl jp Che pe CjSw pVl BVpe Ll cM Nm, LR HemXX quRz
X. Bhm jLlj fljn cme k, Af qmJ mflf Ll hl Ll gmC imz Bj qjccl QLvpu BR
hm al fljn emj ez qjccl Kod Lje LS qu a flr LlC Bjl En Rmz H hRl (2003) j jp
Hhe peu BVpe Ll cM Nm k, fu pl NRz Mh pje hL BRz ke BVpe Ll cM Nm k,
fu pl NRz Mh pje hL BRz ke BVpe Llme aL BNl lfV cMmj Hhw hmmj k, Bj
qjccl Kod hhql LlRz ae hmme, aqm I QLvpC Qm lMe, hLVJ aqm pl khz
Bj Che pe VV J qjcc JuLgl eLV Laz cVC JuLg mq faez Le h h N H cVl
jmLe iN Ll ez H cV faeC phdj hm fjm AeLl Hhw hejm LR mLl QLvp Ll bLz
Na n hRl bL Bj Che pe bL hejm H Mcja fRz Bl Na HL hRl bL qjccl Mcja iN LlR
HLCihz Bq fL H Eiu faeL BlJ hn pej J pMal pb jeol ph Ll pLml cul iN qLH cuC Llz kl VL-fup MlQ Ll QLvp eu alJ acl LR bL pQLvp fu cu Llz

174

X. Bhcm Jqh Bjl Aflnel Se al ff eeez ae Bjl BN jlj Bp Bm Mel Aflnel VLJ
eeez VLl hcm cu QCmez H jqal Le hcm cJu ku ez VL-fup cu Hl Le face qu ez Bq
aBml clhl cu Ll Che pe J qjccl flQmL J pMe Ljla phCL ceul pLm LmZ ce Lle HhP
BMlal pLm ALmZ bL qgka Llez
qjccl QLvpl pa LMe LMe Ae Le pjp ql qjJfbL KodJ hhql Ll z Na 4/5 hRl bL qjJ
QLvp eRz jlj Seh Bp Bm Me J Seh njpl lqje al QLvpu EfLa qu BjL H fljn cez Bj
Hhw Bjl al QLvpu EfLl fRz Ahn ae fncl Xlcl ja XlMeu hp QLvp Lle ez ae
d fpfne mM h hm cez hSl bL Kod Le ea quz
129.

j. i
il pb prv
k ce pu fpXV SmgLl Bm il pb Bjl prv Lll Lb pce pLm 10Vu q J BJLg j
jJme LJpl euSl fljn Aeku al cJu ge kNkN Llmjz ae BjL ehl Se ae Ns fWhez
Ns fbj euS pqhl Agp BjL eu khz pMe bM fpXV qES ka qhz
kbpju Ns fyRmz Bj alC Rmjz Ns bL AhalZl pb pbC euS pqh HNu Hp qpjM BjL
Aibe Seme Hhw BNl jaV BNhl pb Eo LmLm Llmez 4/5 hRl fl cM z ae flae hl jaC
hhql Llmez ayl Agp fnfn Bpe BjL eu hpme Hhw hNa J flhlL MyS-Mhl emez BjJ
emjz
Hlfl ae Bpm fp ammez ae BjL H Lb hThl Se kaih p hmme k, BjL CNNne BVL Lll
Se fpXV pqh jVC cu eez ae H OVeu MhC Ap quRez
Bj hmmj, ""fh- fLel kl fQj-fLe BRe al LE LbJ Qm ka flh e hm fpXV k p
euRme p ecn Aeku kc CjNne HV Ll bL aqm al jJme Bhcp phqeL BVLme Le ? aC H
houV Bjl eLV Afz''
Hlfl H fp BmQe Bl ANpl qa flez ah Bj hT
a flmj k, ayl jqe ea Hl Se jVC cu ee hm
ka Bj hnp Ll , p EnC ae Q Llmez jNlhl ejkl fl ae BjL fpXV qES khl Se
ppje Nsa EWu cmez fpXV qCSl Aibe Lrl pje Ns bjm HLSe HNu Hp BjL pmj
Seme HhP Lr eu pgu Bpe NqZ Lla Aeld Ll hmme , ""HLSe hn h fpXVl pb BRez
ae Qm NmC BfeL eu kh''z
Af LRrZl jdC I Lr j jqjc Bm fyRmez Se Nm k, Bjl flC fpXVl pb al pral Lbz
BNJ Seh jqjc Bml Lb hi BmQel HpRz fLe XjVL fVl ae pVl Selm Rme z H
cmVl fpXV Rme Seh elm Bjez H cmV fh-fLeC pjh Rmz fQj Le nM Rm ez j. i
rjape qhl fl Seh elm Bje iCp fpXV Hhw Seh jqjc Bm j qez
NZaL Bcme HLpb AeLce LS Llu Lyl pb Bjl kb Oea Rmz aC BjL fpXVl eLV
ek kJul BN fk HL hn LRrZ Lb-ha Qm z ae Sea QCme k, ql fl fLe gl Bph
Lez SJulh hmmj, HMe bL cnl pb kNkN Ll ku ez cn k Bcmel pb Ssa Rmj p
Bcmel SeC BShe LS Lla QCz cn Lh ka flh h Bc kJu ph qh Le Se ez aC Bj
me ka QC kMe bL cn kNkN pqS z aC fLe gl Bpa QC ez
175

Bj Sea QCmj k, ayl hL Shel flLfe L? ae f Le p Sea flme ez ae HMeJ

fLeC BRez Bjl eNlLa jjmu pfjLV k IaqpL lu cuR aa nM jSh eNlLa haml k
ecn cuRme a hBCe qu NRz I ecnl fbj La k 39 SeL hwmcnl eNlLal AkN OoZ
Ll quRm , p amLu aeJ Ai Rmez cnl phQ Bcma I ecn hBCe Ooa qhl fl ae
elfc cn gl Bpa flaez L Le Hme e a Bjl Se eCz
kbpju BjL fpXVl eLV eu Nmez ae HNu Hp Bjl pb qa jmme Hhw jqjecl pb
pral Se ec Bpe hpmez fpXV qph k Swqpe ae hpe, pMe bL jqjecl Bpe I LrC
pje cl pSe luRz ae LRC Bpe NqZ Ll pqp hcJe hmme, ""Bfe q kRe Se Mn qmjz Bn
Ll pMe ku Bjcl Se cu Llhez''
Bj hmmj, ""BjL Bfel pb pral pkN cJul Se BlL Llu SeCz Bfel ja jqh hl
prvfb LMeJ qCez BfeC jqlhe Ll H pkN cmez 7 ce BN LlQa CjNne Agp BjL Vjl
EWa hd e cm Bfel pb pral H pkN faj ez Bjl Sea CR qu k, BjL al BVLm Le?''
H Lbl Le SJuh ae cme ez Qqlu hha hd Llme hm je qmz jq aC ae Ae fp ammez hmme,
""cxMSeL qmJ hh pa HVC k, hwmcn fbL HLV l qph SapwOl La mi LlRz Bj hwmcnl
pb fLel Oe pfL Nsl En Ahm hwmcnL La cu lca fWa QCz''
fLe iPl Se Bj Selm CuqCu Mel QuJ j. iL hn cu hm je Llz aC ae H fp Efe
Llu ihL LlZ aL c'Lb eu chl fhm CR hd Llmjz L I flhn eSL cje Lla hd qmjz
LlZ Iph Lb amm Aa AfaLl flal p qh AbQ Hl l pje Le LmAZ milJ phe eCz
k qL, Bj H Lb hmC hcu emj k, ""Bj fLel phL LmAZ Lje Llz k jpmj Sauahd
ilaL hi Ll fLe Luj LlRm p Qae mme e Llu-C fh-fLe hR qu Nmz cu Ll I
Qael Aih ke Ahn fLeJ hR qu e kuz'' ae Bhl cu Qu BjL hcu Llmez

jJme jJccl pb hcu prv

ql Se lJue qhl BN Bj Caxfh mql ku jme jJccl pb cM Ll hcu euC LlQ NuRmjz
ah j. il pb pral fl jJmel pb Bhl prv e Ll LlQ ka flmj ez aC flceC mql
lJue qmjz mqlC Sjua Cpmjl fLn fuR Hhw fpXV uw BjL pral Se cJua cu He
q khl Se Aeja kJuu Sjual eahc BjL hnoih Aiece Semez
j. il pb Bjl pral Mhl plLlih fLu cJu quez e cJuC ihLz Sjual fQl hiN bL
fLu HVL Mhl See qm k, fpXV AjL alM BjL cJua cu al Agp pral hh LlRe
Hhw q ku cu Lla Aeld LlRez H MhlVL bL HLb hTa Ll Aphd qhl Lb eu k, fLu
fLna hlf faul LlZC H hh Ll fuSe hd LlRez LlQl ceL Snla j. iL Bjl pb H
pSe fcnel Se jhlLhc Seu pfcLu mMRmez
jJme jJccl pb pral EnC mql Nmj ayl pb HL Lb hml pju ae j. il pb Bjl
pral fZ hhlZ emez j. i k hwmcnL fLel fr bL Ahm La ca Qe H hou jJme
jh Lle, ""fLe SeNZ fh-fLel pb Le lLj IL fel ch amhl pkN ke AhCn e bL p
SeC qua ae Ahm La ca Qez HLpju a La caC qhz ass Llu pjp BRz''

176

j. iL Ahn fLel AMa lrl hfl Bj k hm HpR aa jJme po fLn Llez Bj

jJmel eLV cu QCmj, ke ql fl me fyQa fl z hwmcnl pb kNkN lrl En me kJuC
kfZ hm Caxfh jJmel pb fljn LlC p eJu qkz

jJme bL hcu emj

fZ She hde qph Cpmj nrl pfV Bm jJme pCuc Bhm Bm jJcc bLC fuRz ayl lQa
pqa bLC Sea flR k, hShe bL l Ll fLhlL, pjSL lSeaL AbeaL pwaL J dju
Shel pLm cLl SeC Bql LlBe J lpm (p) Hl qcp flfZ h e ce Llz Hl BN jJme Bnlg
Bm bei (l)-Hl Juk J lQa pqa Hhw ahmN Sjua bL CpmjL n J Aa kfZ dj qphC
Sea flRz aje jSmpl jdj dlZ fuR k, Cpmj d dj eu; flfZ She hdez L Sjua
Cpmja kNcel fh fZ She hde qph Cpmj eSel Se kN pqa fCez Bj 1954 pm kMe
Sjua kNce Ll, aMe jJme jJccl lQa LlBel agpl J fde fde lQe hwm iou Aeca J
fLna quez aC LWl flnj Ll HL hRll jdC Ecio nMa hd qCz jJme jJccl lQe ayl mM jm
iou Adue Llu Bjl fde ce nrL qph ayl mM nm iou Adue Llu Bjl fde ce nrL qph ayl
fa Nil imhp Sjz Cpmj Bcme J pwNWe pfL k VLeLm e fuSe, Hl hh nr ayl LRC
fuRz H nr hC-hal fs fJu ku ez qa-LmjC Hph nMa quz
Bq aBm jeh SaL nr chl Se d Lah fWeLC kb je Lleez Lahl ia hh nr
chl Se lpm fWeJ Sll je LlRez jJme jJcc d Cpmj QhcC Rme e, ae eMya Cpmj pwNWe
Nsl hlV cuaJ fme LlRez HLC h Qhc J pwNWL qJu Caqp hlmz nq JumEq cqmi (l) hlV
Qhc Rmez ae pwNWe fseez jJme Bhm Lmj BScJ hs Qhc Rmez ae Cpmj Bcmel XLJ
cuRmez L ae pwNWLl ijL fme Lleez
H LlZC jJme jJccl fa Nil jqa Bjl Al Ss BRz aC ayl LR bL hcu ehl pju Al k
fQ hce hd LlR a ihLih Anl BLl fLn fmz jJme BjL pe clez Bj hmmj, ""H
fk kahlC Bfel eLV bL hcu euR, aahlC Seaj k, H hcu pjuLz hyQ bLm Bhl cM qhz
L Hhl k, H hcu ppuhz hyQ bLm Bhl cM qhz L Hll k flaa hcu eR aa Bhl LMe
She Bfel pb cM qh Le a HLhlC AeQa''z H Lb hml fl QMl fel pb pb Ll BJuSJ
hl qu Nm z aMe ae BjL hL Ssu Hhw fW qa cu hmme, ""H ceu Bl Lucelz Bql cel LS
ja fk BaeuN Llez Bjl kc H cua kbkbih fme Lla fl Hhw jhc kc BjclL Sal iN
Lle aqm pMe QlLm prv qhz'' H Lbu pe hd Llmj Hhw ayl qa jqal Qj Mu hcu emjz
Hlfl 1974 pml BN jp jJmel pb me no cM quzp pfL kbpju BmQe Bph hm Bn lMz
ae 1979 pml pVl CLm Llez Bj aMe YLuz eNlLa pjpl LlZ ayl Seku nlL qa e fll
hce BSheC iN Lla qhz HjeL H fk ayl Seku nlL qa e fll hce BSheC iN Lla qhz
HjeL H fk ayl Lhl kulal pkNJ fmj ez
jJme bL hcu eu LlQ Qm Nmj z pMe ku Sea flmj k, q kclL eu flhaw Vjl 5 ce
lJue qhz Bjl fh- fa bLu Le pjpC Rm ez Vjl Bpe pwNq LlC d hL Rmz HLcel jdC
pjpl pjde qu Nmz

Vjl BlqZ
Vjl EW camu Bjl Bpe fyRmjz Bpe je d hpl e eu, nhl RV MVz Sea flmj k, H
SqSV fLel phQu hs SqSz HL pb c'qSl q k eu Sq kRz SqSV aeam hnz eQl

177

amV fel ial z kMe bL BLn cM ku ez Bueu pjl fe cM kuz c'am a BlJ Eflz c'amuC
q kl pwM hnz
eQl amu kcl fnh, fuMe J Jk-Ncpel SuNz SjBa ejk Bcu Lll Se pMe Hje HLV fn
SuN BR, kMe LuLn' mL HL pb SjBa ejk fsa flz eQamu q kcl Ll Bpe lM quez
pLm BVV bL cfl 2V fk kl SqS BlqZ Lll BlJ c'OV fl jCL OoZ Ll qm k, HMeC SqS
lJue cRz jCL mCL Bj mCL hlhl EQla qRmz Cqlj fl Ahu phC e bLmJ BhNl
pb pLmC amhu EQlZ Lla bLmez AdLwn qk kbe fyRl fl Cqlj hydez
Bpll ejkl fl jll HLSe Bjl BR Hp hmme, LfVe pqh ayl Lhe BfeL Qul cJua
cuRez Bjl pb Qmez Bj hpa qmJ al pb Qmmjz SqSl pjMih a'aml Efl Qlamu LfVel
Lhez pys hu EWmjz Ec fl 35-40 hRl hupl HL khL HNu Hp ""qm fgpl pqh'' hm BjL
Aibe Ll ayl fn Lhe HL Qul hpmez Bjl Qqlu hpul Rf cM ae hTme k, fhl Le flQu
eC hm Bj LRV hha hd LlRz
ae hmme, ""BjL Bfel Qel Lb ekz Sjua Cpmjl ea qph Bfel ej ph nra mLC Sez
fLu Bfel ej hhl cMRz Bj R She Cpmj Sjua amhl pcp Rmjz jle CUbSeul qph
13 hRl kha Ljlaz Bj Snla fLl euja fWLz BSC fLu cMmj k, Bfe H SqSC q kRez
BNl Vjll BfeL EWa cJu que hm f-fLu k Mhlc fLna quR aJ Bj cMRz Cpmj
Bcmel ea qph Bfel LR Mcja Ll Bj Lah je Llz aC q kcl amL bL Bfel Bpe
el kNs Ll BfeL fmjz''
Bj Aa Beca qu hmmj, ""1948 pm jJme jJcc Cpmj Sjua am h Luj Lll H pgm cMmj k,
H Vjll LfVe Cpmj Bcmel HLSe peLz I R pwNWel jdj kl Ns EW, al k juceC Ljla
bLL, al Bql peLl ijL fmelC kN quz Cpmj R pwNWze Bql HL Mp lqjaz H SqSl
c'qSl q kl Mcja a BfeC LlRezZ Bjl Bmc Le Mcjal fuSe eCz''
ae hmme, ""Bfel Se hno Mcja Lll pkN Bjl luRz eQ amu H SqSl cl Se Lhe BRz
iNj HLV Lhm Mm BRz BfeL Bj I Lhe el Lla QCz q kcl isl jd bLm Bfel
L qhz fnh-fuMe J Jk-Npml Se mCe cysa qh Hhw Afru pju e qhz Lhe bLm H Aphd
iN Lla qh ez'' Hje AkQa J Afana phdl Lb e laja Aiia qmj HhP Bmqjcmq hm ayl
Mcja ell Se pja cmjz pl BNC Lhe fyRmjz eQC SjBa ejkl SuN bLu hn BljC
qmz Efl eQ EW-ejl Tjm bL hyQmjz Lhe HL bLu Aa elhma q pw hC-fL fse
Ll, cupjq jM Ll, aqc fs J Bql clhh dle chl jqpkN fu Nmjz
L Ha pkN-phd pJ Efl Mm BLn J pjl hap Hhw YE-Hl cn bL pfZ ha qu Nmjz c'hl
Efl ka qm jCL q pfL ha Lll Sez lSC qkclL fuSeu jpm-jpCm nMhl Se
acl jd kl Bmj, aclL jCL JuS Lll Se LfVel fr bL hh Ll qaz BjLJ c'ce
BmQe Lll cua cJuu Efl ka qmz pMe bL pjJl cn J Ej BLn LM Ha ahd qm, k
Lhe fJul Le Efu eCz Ha HLV aLb hT Bpmz
ceua d phd h d Aphd fJu ku ez phd J Aphd jmC ceul Shez ""C jBm Epl CEplez''
Abv eQuC cxMl pbC pM jm BRz pM J cxML ceul She Bmc Lll Efu eCz hhqa She pM J
cxM HL pbC jn BRz Ahhqa She pMl mnJ eCz qua cxM Lj bLa flz L hhqa Shel pM
fa ql Hl cxMLJ hlZ Ll ea qhz

178

Ahn BMla cxM J pM pfZ Bmc qu khz kl hqna kh al d pMC fhz pMe cxMl Le Aha
bLh ez Bl kkM dC cxM z cxM Rs pMe Bl LRC eCz jeo k Qu a e fmC cxM hd Llz hqna k
Qu, a-C fhz HjeL Lje LlmC Lj h qSl qu khz aC hqna Le AihC bLh ez aC cxL pMe
pCz hqna d AihlC Aih BR, Bl LRlC Ail eCz Bl ckM d aC BR, k hqna eCz Abv
ckM d Aih J cxMC BRz ckMl ffpu (fel Aih) kMe fe QCh, aMe Hje gV fe cJu qh, k
ffp naZ hsu chz pMe Aih hsaC bLh-aC cxMC cxM z H cxM Ljl Le phe eCz
130.

Vjl 7 ce
j nlg fyRl BN Vjl H LuV ce pqqRh q Lll Se fuSeu Cmj qpm Lll pkN fJu Nm,
hje LuL OVu fR Nm H pkN fJu ku ez
qkcl jd AdLwnC hu J Anra z LR pwML huhz nracl jd BdeL nral pwMC hn Rm
z hn LR pwML Bmj Rmez jCL LuLhl 1 OV Ll ql jpBm-jpCm nMhl Se Bmj hclL
LS mNe qaz ce Cpmj pfL BmjNZ JukJ Llaez
SqS ahmN Sjual iCcl avfla cM Bj j qmjz fyQ Ju Sjua ejkl fl q kclL
amj chl Se faL 8/10 SeL eu Nm qu hpaez nracl ameu AnralC amj hn pwMu hpa
cMRz aclL Lmj aCul EQlZ Ll Hhw ejk k LR fsa qu a pqqih fs nMhl QjvLl
hh al Llaez
hue Lll pju ahmNl 6 Epm BmQe Ll mLclL q bL cn gll fl ahmN Sjua pju chl
Se E Ll qkz
ahmN iCul Aa BlLal pb amj chl Se kb flnj Llaez H LSV Ll e qm q Ll pJ
qScl AeLC EQlZ J pWL euj ejk fsaJ Arj bL kae, ql jpBm-jpCm J cu Cac
nMhl SeJ al Q Llaez acl H fQ AhnC fnpeuz

jl Bjl ha
jHL BjL c'ce hh lMa quRz hmhm, BjL Ec iouC hma quRz fbj ce k hmR, Hl plLb
ejlf x
Lmju aCul ""m Cmq Cq jqjcl lpmq'' Hje Le j eu k, e hT EQlZ LlmC hqna ka
flhz Lmj je Lbz Abqe BJuSL Lb hm ku ez aC Lmju aCuhl Ab hT Sllz Bpm Lmju
aCuhl jdj Bql pb cVB Juc Ll quz
1z Bj She ph LR Bql Lj ja Llh Hhw Bql Ljl hfla Bl Ll Lj jeh ez
2z jqjcl lpmq (p) Bql Lj kih fme LlRe, Bj HLj aylC alL Aeku Bql Lj fme
Llhz I alLl (euj) Rs Ae Ll alL NqZ Llh ez

179

k H ih hT e Lmju aCuh EQlZ Ll aL H cV Juc Aeku Qmhl kN qJul SeC Bq aBm

fyQ Ju SjBa ejk Bcu Ll J ljke jp lk lMl Lj cuRez Bql cV Lj WL ja fme Llm
Lmjl Juc Aeku phLR Lll Aip quz
kl dZ acl Se ejk J lk jVC kb euz LlZ VL-fup hn bLm Neq Lll rja hsz aC Neq
bL glu lMl kN qhl Se declL kLa Bcu Ll J q Lll Lj cJu quRz VL-fup qlj fb
ceu iN Lll cL Ve eu kuz
EflE hh pfVih hThl Se jJme jJccl Dje, Cpmj, ejk, lk, kLa, J ql qSLa plSl
hCml EM Ll pwrf hM Ll hThl Q LlR k, Lih ejk-lk, q-kLa Lmj cV Juc
fmel kN heuz

au ha
au haVa BNNsC qL Lc Ll BmQe LlRz q She HLhlC Ll ph quz Mh Lj mLC hl
hl q Lla flz aC Aipl Aih q imV qhl Bn bLz Shel fbj qV ka jLhm q qu p
En q pw jpBm - jpCm imih Bu Lll Se fljn cmjz jpBm-jpCm nMC kb euz
ql En L Hhw q declL L nr cu, p hou jJme jJccl ql qSLa hCV fsl fljn cmj J
I hCVl BmL BmQe Llmjz ql nr pfL hmmjz
1z del hmpa Ll bLz q Efmr AeL cqL L pq Lll jdj hmpa aN Lll nr cJu quz
2z ql pju pmChqe c'VLl Lfs fl Me jbu j, je J Blga Bql fj fNm qu ph LR Lla
quz lS-lcn, npL, hs Lj J de hs mLl jd H jeih nr cu e, de J jel AqwLl Abqez phCL
Cqljl jaC c'VLl Lfs js Lhl lM qhz
3z ql fl hL She H cV nr je lM Qml Se q deL E Llz
phno hmmj k, AeLC q Lll fl eSl ej qS h Bmq mM Hhw jMJ hmz q HLV Mmp Chcaz
ejk fs LE eSl ejl pb ejk mM ez ejkl jaC q HLV hs Chcaz Ae mL qS ph hm XLa
flz eSl ej hml pju qS hm jVC EQa euz Ha ql pJuh e qu ka flz

Cumjmj Cqlj hydA

ql h Jjlu En kl j nlg ke aclL pmChqe HLSs[ Lfs fl Cqlj hyda quz HV Ahn d
flocl Sez qlj n bL Cqlj n al quRz Cqlj Ahu LaL qmm LSJ qlj J jLlq qu kuz
kl j nlgl fhcLl cn bL kl aclL Cumjmj ejL SuNu Cqljl fnL fla qkz H fnL Rs
I SuN Aaj Ll eodz SqSl LVel fr bL kbpju OoZ cJu qm k, qkNZ ke Cqlj hydl
Se fa bLez Cumjmj fyRl BNC Cqljl fnL fla fljn cJu quz I e fyRl pb pb jCL
hl hl ""mCL Bj mCL'' EQlZ Ll Seu cJu qm k, Bjl Cumjmj fyR NRz c'qSl
qk HL pb Sl Sl mCL EQlZ Llu Hje HL BhNju flhn p qm, k ph Al fn Llmz
fbhl hi cn bL BNa qkclL ec e fyRl BNC Cqlj hyda quz fQj, El J crZ cL
bL BNacl Se i i e ec Ll cJu quRz H ph eL "jLa' hm quz fh cL bL kl ku acl
jLa qm Cumjmjz

180

kl hje ku al hje EWl BNC Cqlj hyd euz LlZ LuL OVl jdC hje Su fyR kuz Bl hje
QmLm fnL hcm Ll LWez aRs Cqljl Lfs fll BN c'lLBa ejkJ fsa quz Vjl Nm jLa
fyRl BN hn Luce Cqlj Ahu bL LLlz aC jLal LRLR fyRC Cqlj hyd quz

S hcl AhalZ
Cqlj hydl fl aau ce Vjl S pj hcl fRz CjNnel Tjmu AeL pju mN kuz qkNZL
hi jBjl Sju am cJu qkz Bjl jBj BLm Bpl mLl acl Sju cJu qkclL
eu HLV hlV hp EWmez CjNne Agpl Bjcl fmNj fp (Vim XLjV, k fpfVl mio)
plpl jBjl mLl qa am cmez Bjl HMe acl Sjuz
hp hp Efm Llmj k, Vjl LVel LlZ k hno phd iN LlR HMe Bl p pkN eCz Sq
hcl fRl fl LVe pqh BjL kih hcu Seme Hhw cul Se clM Llme, p Lb plZ Llmjz
jBjl LR im hhql fh Le Bq fLC Seez
hp jl En lJue qhl fl WL HL hRl BN (1971 Hl 4 Xpl) H fbC jJme Bhcm Bkk nlLl
pb pglLml Aia LS mNmjz ae BjL k LR nr cuRme a fuN Llmjz pbl qkclLJ
nMhl Q Llmjz phC Aa BNql pb Bjl fljn Aeku kMe k fs clLl Bjl pb fsmez Bjl
HLC jBjl Ade qmJ Vjl Bjl pb acl flQu quez Bjl flQu fu al Qea flme k, BjC
c'hl SqS ha LlRz aMe BlJ BNql pb Bjl Lb ea mNmez kMe k LlZu Bjl pb alJ
Lla bLmez acl BNq cM BjJ Evpql pb k LR nMe clLl a nMmjz
hp j nlg jpgm jqu ku bjmz jBj jlj BLm Bpl hs Rm Bhcq Bpl pb flQu
qm ae CwlS hma fle hm Bjl io pjpl pjMe qa qm ez Bj mr Llmj k, fLe qScl
pb ae iP iP EcJ hma flez hce bL fLecl jBjNl Lla Lla Ec jVjV hTe Hhw LS
Qmhl ja hmaJ flez
bLl SuN hl fu ec el fRmjz H jBjl Sju BN kph qS fRRe acl pb cM qm z
cM Nm k, acl jd hn pwML qSC fLez jJme Bhcp phqe a Bjl BNC fyR NuRmez
BjL k hsa bLa cJu quR Hl LRC ae Ae HL hsa Rmez ae HCxLC jBjl Adez
LuLce fl qlj nlg Hje HLSe fLel pb flQu qm, ke Sjua Cpmjl Ljz Lh nlgl crZ
cL camu Bke chl SuN z eQ bL Buel cJume ial cu camu jukke pqhL Bke chl
pju cM kuz BkeMel eQ SjBal mLl Cnl ejkl fl pjha quz pMeC I Ljl pb cM qu
Nmz ae kuc qpfam ejfcl LjQlz jpScm qljl jmL Bhcm Bkk NVl Aa eLV I kuc
qpfam Aha Rmz haje jpScl pqe (BPe) qpfam Rsu AeLcl fk ha qJuu p qpfam
Ae plu eJu quRz
jBjl ahde Bj J jJme Bhcp phqe kMe Rmj, pMe bL 5 Ju qlj nlg ejk qSl qa
L qa z SuNV HLV cl qJuu Bp-kJul pju fQ isl Qf fsa qaz H Lb Se Sjual I Ljw
BjclL kuc qpfaml camu HLV Mm SuNu bLl hh Llez qlj nlgl Aa LR hm Bjl Mn
qu pMe fyR Nmjz pMe VumV J Jk Ll ku hm bLu aje pjp eCz HLV L qmJ fL Ll phz
Bl hSl Af cj lV J iS B jlN fJu kuz LuL lLj lV J ie Nna Le MJul fuSe jVe
kuz

181

kuc qpfam khl 2/1ce flC chC bL hlVl Llhe Bm ql En Bpmez qlj nlgC cM qm
aL pb Ll ek Hmj z ae hlVl fsl pju me eSl MlQl Se lVlV QLl Lla qa hm fL
Lla Seaez cn faa fL Ll pme cu ia MJul jSC Bmcz face e qmJ fuC ae fL Ll
Bjcl lpe a Llaez EV bLLm Bj fL Ll imC nMRmjz lwfl LmS nrLa Lll pju LSl
RmL fL Ll nMu LS Qmajz ah fL Lll Tjm Bjl jVC im mNa ez hd quC fL Llajz
aC j nlg Bj fL Lla QJ Llez hu Lll fl Xj iSl ja pqS LSJ Le ce Llez LSl mL
fJu ku e hm Cwm Bjl Rmcl LE LE L fL pqk Lla hd quz Bjl hs Rml Oll ealJ
fL Ll Mu, kMe Jcl j Su Bjl hs Rml Oll ealJ fL Ll Mu, kMe Jcl j Su Bjl hs Rml
JMe bLz

hwmcn bL BNa qS
1971 pm 6 Xpl hwmcnl dea Bcme hSu quz j HLjp flC ql pju Rmz eae l qWv Ha
Af pju qkclL q kJul hh Lla fle hm I hRl H cn bL Le qkC ka flez
1972 pm QVNj bL Vjl kl q NuRe acl AeLl pbC j nlg J jce nlg cM-prv
quRz pc Bhl "75 pm fk hwmcnL La e cJuu YLu pc cahp Rm ez aC I L'hRl hwmcn
plLl jplu cahpl pquau qkclL fWhl hh Lla hd quRz
I pju Sjua Cpmjpq pLm Cpmj cm Hhw dea Bcme AwnNqZ Lle Hje pLm lSeaL cmC
hBCe Rmz Bcnhc cm qph Sjua BCel flJu e Ll "72 pml Se jpC BlNE Ahu
pwNWeL LWj cys Lluz BCuh Mel pjlL npel pjuJ Sjua AfLn ppwNWa Rmz "72 pml
flhn J fla I pjuLl ameu AeL hn LWe, faLm J hfcpwLm Rmz H pJ Cpmj Bcmel LS
Le Ahu h bLa cJu Qm ez Djel ch flZ Lla qm Qlj faLm flaaJ pdja Bql fb
cua fme LlaC qhz Cpmj Bcmel pQae Lj H LSL ph glkl hs glu je Ll hmC LlNl
bLmJ kbpd H cua fmel Q Ll bLz
1972 pml Qlj hlf flhnJ Cpmj Bcmel ehcafZ LuLSel EcN eae Ll pwN"We l Ll qu
Hhw YL nqll Bjl jJme plm Cpmj (Lah)-L q Efmr ju fWe quz Bj ke BLnl Qyc qa
fmjz cnl phL fla, Sm fku fk Sjual Quanmcl Mhl pwNWel haje Ah J jSh plLl
pfL SeNZl jeih Cac hla Sel pkN fu Bj laja Evpq-Efe hd Llmjz "71-Hl eil
bL "72-Hl Ahl fk fZ HL hRl kph Mhl-Mhl J ab Sel Se ffpa Rmj a jJme elm Cpmjl
pb cOce hWL HL Sea bLmjz
Se Nm k, nM jShl hfL Sefua pJ BCe-nMml Qlj Aheal gm SeNZ qanu iNRz jkl
flQu J cfV cMu HLnZl mL pp ijL fme LlRz nM jSh jkcl eLV bL A Ell Qu
pjeC pgm qa flRez I A ppl qaul flZa quRz Qmpq hyQ bLl ja fuSeu Sepfl
Aih hjml jNa EdNaa SeNZl Ala Qlj fyRRz gm nM jShl Sefua a qp fRz
BlJ Se Nm k, 16 Xpll fl Cpmj Bcmel R J pu khLcl AeLC ejjih ekaa J eqa
quRez BaNfe Lla pje hml LlZC HV quRz kl kbpju HmL bL Ae Qm NuRe al
Bql lqja lr fuRez H Lb Se Bq aBml fa Nil Llu fe Llmj k, fcnL fkul pLm
cuanm Hhw Sm fku Mme Sml pVl jJme qaj lnc Rs Bl phCL Bq aBm qgka
LlRez BNa qScl jd Bjl plph flQa HLSeLC fmjz ae Bjl R Shel Oe h qgk
jqjcz al hs haje nluafl Sml esu beu qmJ ae hhp Efmr TmLW nql uih hphp
182

LlRmez fLe Bjm Sjual pwNWeL pgl k Luhl TmLW NuR ph hlC al hsa jqje quRz
aL fu HL BfeSe qph cnl Ah Sea QCmjz ae phpdlZl clhl Lle hhlZ cmez Bj
Sp Llmj k, jeo hyQ BR Lje Ll? ae BhNfhZ jeo Rmez al QM fe Hp Nmz hmme, hyQ
BR hm ku ez pRm mLlJ chm fuSe fljZ Mc kNs Lla flR ez
1978 pm Bj hwmcn Bnl flflC Bjl HC hV Bjl fbj hqC qmez al au Le Ej pmj jl
pb Bjl hs Rm jjel hu quz

hwmcn--Hl pwNWeL EcN

Sjua Cpmj hwmcn
1941 pm Ahi ila "Sjua Cpmj qc' Luj quz 1947 pm ila hiNl jdj fLe l Sj qm
fLe HmLu hphpLl lLesNZ "Sjua Cpmj fLe' ej fbL pwNWe l Llez 1971 pml Xpl
hwmcn ej HLV de l faa qhl gm H HmLu hphpLl lLeNZl fr bL "Sjua Cpmj
hwmcn' ej eae Ll pwNWe Lujl EcN eJu Aflqk qu fsz Ahn fLn Le pjme XL a Lll
Le flhn Rm ez aC NfeC Hl EcN ea hd qa quz H pfL j nlg jJme elm Cpmj bL
kaVL SeRmj a ph je e bLu H hou jVl jqjc ngLq, fcnL Agpl phL Agp pqLl Seh
Bjel lqje j, jJme Bhm Lmj jqjc CEpg, AdfL ekl Bqjc J Seh jLhm Bqjc bL fuSeu
ab pwNq Lla quRz
1971 pml 16 Xpll fl elfl fuSeC Sjual pLm fkul cuanmNZ BaNfe Lla hd qez
Sjual fcnL Le cua Rme Hje Le HLSel frC eae Ll pwNWe Qm Lll EcN em pWL quz
L Hje h fuSe ke YL nql fLn Qmgl Llm Sjual hCll Le mL Qeh ez
Sjual fcnL pVl Seh Bhcm MmL SuV pVl J nj-hiNl pVl jVl jVl jqjc
ngLq H EcN ehl Ahu Rme ez "71 pml no cL jjenq Sml Bjl jJme Bhcm SlL
fcnL pwNWeL pVl qph cua fmel Se YLu Be quz ae YLu jVC flQa Rme ez HLj
al frC H EcN NqZ Ll ph Rmz
jJme Bhcm Sl nllL BLl RVMV qmJ jel cL cu Aa pqp J hfhz pwNWe l Lll Se
aeC EcN emez fbj ae kclL pb fme al qme, YL nql Sjual phL pVl jJme elm
Cpmj, fcnL Agpl pqLl Seh Bjel lqje j Hhw QoLmZ pjal pVl X. jukl lqjez jVl
ngLq LLlCm jpSc ahmN Sjual jd BaNfe Ll Rmez Bjel lqje j al pb euja
kNkN lMaez HihC Sjua Cpmjl feNWel pQe quz

hwmcn
mcnSjua Cpmj hw
mcn-Hl Se Bjl LlZu
Sjua Cpmj hwmcnl faed jJme elm Cpmj bL k LR Sel Rm a pwNq Lll fl al jdj
Bjl LlZu pfL LaL fh fn Llmj x
1z faL hRl q Efmr Sjua Cpmj hwmcnl HL h HLdL faedL j nlg fWe fuSez
Bj H pkN acl eLV bL cnl fla J pwNWel Ah AhNa qa QCz
2z Bj Sjua Cpmj hwmcnl fr hcn bL k LR Ll ph a Lll CMaul QCz
3z ql fl Bj me fyRhl Q QmR ka cnl pb plpl kNkN Ll pqS quz

183

jJme elm Cpmj Bjl pb pral En euC q Hmez Bjcl HL jma qJu J fljn Lll Se
Bl Le hLf hh ph quez ae Bjl fhm Sjual cuanmNZl eLV fyRhl cua emez
ql BeeLa pj qll fl jJme elm Cpmj YLu gl Nmez jJme Bhcp phqe fLe Qm
Nmez Bj me khl Se Efu amn mN Nmjz

184