Industrial

ventilation
system
• A fundamental issue related to the topic of air conditioning is the industrial
ventilation system. Its main function is to remove pollutants and generate air suitable
for our lungs. And in this way, achieve air conditioning in optimal temperature
conditions (cooling or heating) with good humidity (good state of comfort).

• The process of choosing the correct industrial ventilation system is based on a series
of needs that depend on the work environment. This is where the process will take
place, as well as its characteristics, as well as the jobs and operations that each one
performs.

• Operation of industrial ventilation system

• Before starting the process, it is necessary to run tests on the industrial ventilation
system to verify certain aspects. First, the quality required by the client, the noise
generated by the operation of the equipment and whether these same noise levels
 result in noise pollution in the outside space.

• Design and maintenance of an industrial ventilation system

• To contribute to the efficiency of the industrial ventilation system, close attention must be paid to
the design of the evacuation hoods. Taking as a starting point the specific characteristics of the
ventilation equipment, the use of ventilation systems with hoods that are within the standard (from
tests with reliable results) is recommended. This is achieved by outlining the minimum rules
within which the team must work.

• Types of industrial ventilation systems

• Natural ventilation: consists of the exit of air through any opening or hole to exchange it for fresh
air.

• Forced general ventilation: this is what we generally use in large consortia with the help of
diffusers that apply a flow of fresh air, or more simply with the use of fans.

• Exhaust ventilation: normally applied in the generation of many pollutants, it must be located as
close as possible to the source of the pollution.
• Comfort ventilation: applying air conditioning to achieve pleasant environmental conditions for
users.
• Calculation methodology
• The parameters for sizing a ventilation system are:
• Caudal

• Flow rate (Q): is the volume or mass of air displaced per unit of time, we normally measure it in m3/hour
(m3/h)IytLiters per second ((L/s).
• that these two units maintain is:
• The equivalence between these two units is:
.L m3
• 1 *— = 3.6— sec h
•Speed

•Air speed (V): is the speed at which the air circulates inside the duct. It is measured in

lengthti
speed = me m/sec]
•Pressures
Yo
•Pressure increases with duct length, and also with speed.
•The necessary or available pressureIP: is the pressure that the fan must overcome to circulate the air I in a network of ducts.
•The static pressure Pe acts in all directions inside the duct. : It manifests itself in the same sense and in the opposite
C(Wriodelii current.
 of the current.
• If we want to give an example of places where static pressure exists, we could list the following:
• If we want to give an example of placesg where only static pressure exists, we could list a soccer ball; a football; a local
comprtamherite
and without iq
i tic movim p 9 ,p
static pressure the ’
A completely closed room with no air movement would have static pressure equivalent to atmospheric pressure.
• If the static pressure in a duct is positive and there is a hole in it, the air that circulates inside it
• If the static pressure in a duct is positive and there is a hole in it, the air circulating inside it tends to exit the duct.
• If, on the other hand, the static pressure is negative, the air in the room tends to enter the duct.
• If, on the other hand, the static pressure is negative, the air in the room tends to enter the duct.
• The dynamic pressure Pd acts in the direction of the air velocity. His expression is:
•The dynamic pressure Pd acts in the direction of the air speed. His expression is:
• Pa = V /16

• Being:
• Being:
• V = Velocity in m/sec.
•V = Velocity in m/sec.
• Pd= Dynamic Pressure in Pascals.
• = Dynamic Pressure in Pascals.
Pd

• Total pressure is the sum of dynamic + static pressure.

•Total pressure is the sum of dynamic + static pressure.
• Section of the duct, measured perpendicular to the air flow.

• In rectangular ducts the section is:

• S = L*A

• S = Surface3 in m2 L = Length in mm A = Width in nm. or in

m.
cD 2
• S=n*—=n*R
driver t
4 circulars: :
S = Surface in m2 D = Diameter in m Radio in m.
• s = Supertlcle at 133 / - — jjj in 133 R = Radius in
• You have to be careful with the units, if they give us the dimensions in centimeters or millimeters, it is best to
• You have to be careful with the units, if they give us the dimensions in centimeters or millimeters, it is best to
convert them all to meters, and then apply the formula.
will pass: 3 all in meters, and then apply to formula

If the inside of the duct is smooth, the air will circulate easily, and with little noise, but if the inside of the
If the inside of the duct is rough (irregular) the air will slow down, and the fan will need more pressure for
the same flow rate. If the inside of the duct is rough (irregular) the air will slow down, and the fan will need
more pressure for the same flow rate.
• Component Selection
• Selecting air conditioning equipment is a whole science in itself. For this reason, it is important
 that when making this type of selection, consultants, manufacturers and distributors of the
equipment are taken into account, as well as entities that have already used them and have
experience with them. In addition, a warranty certificate must be requested and the equipment
already chosen must be installed with the condition that it will be purchased if it performs the
expected work.

• To make this selection, several considerations must be taken into account, such as: initial cost,
maintenance cost, operating cost, effectiveness of contaminant retention, space required for
installation, construction materials, availability in the local market, ease of obtaining spare parts
and advice that the construction and/or distribution firm can provide.
• The main factors that influence the selection of a team are:
• Concentration of the pollutant in the air stream that carries it.
• Air stream temperature.
• Energy required, considering its availability in the region and its cost.
• Ease of disposal of liquid or solid waste obtained.
• Selecting a fan
• Selecting a fan involves choosing one that meets the CHARACTERISTIC CURVES OF A VENTILATOR)R.
flow and pressure requirements at which the air must
circulate, for the operating temperature and the
altitude of the installation, and also determining its
size, the number of revolutions at which the rotor must
rotate, the power that must be delivered to its shaft,
the performance with which it operates, the
arrangement of the transmission, the noise generated,
etc. Fan manufacturers provide the information
necessary to make a correct selection. All fans that
have proportional measurements, that is, are similar,
belong to the same “SERIES”.
• Fan characteristic curve
• The characteristic curve of a fan is similar to that of
centrifugal water pumps. It shows us the pressure that
a fan applies to the air for different air flows. The flow
rate appears on the abscissa axis, and the pressure
appears on the ordinate axis.
w, Yo. 500 000 13002000 2500 3000 154 4000 4500

• Tables with the characteristics of the fans

• Manufacturers also usually present information regarding fans through a series of tables that
indicate their size, flow rate and pressure required by the system and, from this data, obtain the
 rotation speed and power consumed. As already mentioned, the tables indicate the total pressure
drop or the static pressure drop of the fan, expressed in millimetres or inches of water column, or
the pressures are also usually expressed in pascals (N/m2).
• It is common for tables to be presented as multiple-input tables and each of them indicates the
characteristics of a fan of a certain size.

• The table shows the data corresponding to the same fan, and has been obtained from the ICF – 105
catalogue, from the CHICAGO BLOWERS company. English units are used in this table,
therefore, if you wish to select a fan using this catalogue, you must first convert the units from the
SIMELA system to the English system. This does not happen if a catalog in metric measurements
is used.

• The fan is identified as “No. 29 LS”; the number represents the internal diameter of the inlet
mouth expressed in inches (INLET DIAMETER – 29 “OD). The area of the outlet, rectangular
in shape and whose measurements are included in the catalogue, has the same dimension as the
area of the inlet section.
 Wheel Diameter 50-1/2"
Inlet Diameter 29"
Size 29 LS Outlet Area 4.59 sq. ft.

RPM Limits @7OF

C/2 C/3HD C/3 C/4
Wheel 1421 1421 1421 1786
Shaft 1153 1153 1422 1786
prmmmmmupummempuumegmmgeeg
OV rsp 2” SP 3* SP 4' SP 5-SP 6' SP 7' SP 8SP 9' SP 10' SP
CFM FPM RPM BMP RPM BMP RPM BMP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP RPM I BHP RPM BHP RPM BHP
5508 1200 272 1.4 366 26 443 40
6426 1400 281 1.8 373 3.2 447 46 512 62
7344 1600 291 2.1 380 3.7 452 5.3 516 7.0 573 8.8
8262 1800 303 2.5 389 4.4 460 6.1 521 80 577 9.9 628 118
9180 2000 316 3.0 398 5.0 468 7.0 528 90 582 11.1 632 132 679 154 724 176
10098 2200 330 3.6 409 5.8 476 8.0 535 102 589 12.4 638 146 684 16.9 728 19.3 769 21.7 809 24 2
11016 2400 344 4.3 420 6.5 485 9.0 544 11.4 596 13.8 645 162 690 186 733 21.2 773 237 812 263
11934 2600 359 5.1 432 7.4 496 10.1 553 12.7 604 15.3 652 17 9 696 205 738 23 1 778 258 817 286
12852 2800 375 5.9 445 8.5 506 11.2 562 14.1 613 16.9 660 196 704 22 4 745 25.2 785 28.1 822 310
13770 3000 391 6.9 459 9.6 518 124 572 155 622 18.5 669 21.5 712 24.5 753 27 5 792 305 829 33 5
14688 3200 408 8.0 473 10.9 530 138 583 170 632 20.2 677 235 720 26.7 761 298 799 330 836 36 2
15606 3400 425 9.2 487 12.2 543 153 594 186 642 22.0 687 255 729 289 769 323 807 35 7 844 39 0
16524 3600 442 10.5 502 13.7 557 170 606 203 653 239 697 276 738 31 3 778 34.9 816 38 5 852 42 0
17442 3800 459 11.9 518 15.4 571 188 619 223 664 25 9 707 298 748 33.7 787 376 824 41.4 860 451
18360 4000 477 13.5 533 17.1 585 208 632 24 4 677 28.1 718 321 758 362 797 403 833 44.4 869 48 4
19278 4200 495 15.3 550 19.1 600 229 646 26.7 689 30.5 730 346 769 388 807 43.1 843 47.4 878 517
20196 4400 513 17.1 566 21.1 615 25.1 660 29.1 702 33.1 742 37 2 780 41.6 817 460 853 50.6 887 551
21114 4600 532 19.2 583 23.4 630 275 674 31.7 716 359 755 401 792 44.5 828 491 863 53 8 897 58 6
22032 4800 550 21.4 600 25 8 645 30.1 689 34.5 730 38 8 768 432 805 47.7 840 52.4 874 57.2 907 621
22950 5000 569 23.8 617 28.4 661 329 704 37.4 744 42.0 781 465 817 51.1 852 558 886 60.8 918 659
23868 5200 588 26.4 634 31.2 678 359 719 406 758 45.3 795 500 ' 831 54.7 865 596 897 64.6 929 69 8
24786 5400 607 29.2 652 34.1 694 390 734 439 773 488 809 537 844 58.6 877 635 910 68 6 941 73 9
25704 5600 626 32.2 670 373 711 42 4 750 47 4 787 52 5 823 576 858 626 891 677 922 72 9 953 78 3
26622 5800 645 35.3 688 40.7 728 459 766 51.2 803 56 4 838 617 872 66 9 904 722 935 77.5 966 829