BIONIC EYE POWERED BY NANOGENERATOR

B.MADHU BABU DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION AVR&SVR ENGINEERING COLLEGE NANNUR , KURNOOL.

AbstractBionic eye is an artificial electronic eye. The main purpose of bionic eye is to provide vision, partially to the visually challenged people by the use of modern day electronic devices like charge coupled device (CCD) camera and bionic eye implant. The implant is a small chip that is surgically implanted behind the retina in the eye ball. It could restore the eye sight of the people who suffer from age related blindness. There are two basic methodologies of bionic eye, multiple unit artificial retina chip system (MARC) and artificial silicon retina system (ASR). However, this paper presents a novel idea of integrating a new approach of bionic eye with the nanogenerator. The nanogenerator is multifaceted when compared to the external batteries providing better power, compactness and higher efficiency. The potential advantage of proposed method is to be able to remove the blindness to a feasible extent by making advance in the present research and improving manufacturing technology. Keywords-bionic eye; artificial eye; nanogenerator applications; electronic eye; Retina damage; eye replacement; blindness

cells are responsible for colour recognition of the image viewed and the rod cells distinguish the movement and the contrast of the image on the retina. The retina is connected to a nerve called the optic nerve that connects the brain and the eye. The eye ball is placed in a protective cone shaped cavity in the skull called the orbit or the socket and measures approximately one inch in diameter.

I. INTRODUCTION Bionic eye is a bio-electronic eye. Bionic eye replaces the functionality of a part or whole of the eye. An external camera is worn on a pair of dark glasses which sends the images in digital form to the radio receiver placed in the eye. The radio receiver is attached to the implant chip on the retina. The implantation is of two types, epiretinal implant and subretinal implant, based on whether the implant is placed on or behind the retina. In our proposed method of bionic eye, a small and a powerful camera powered by nanogenerator, is implanted inside the patients eye rather than worn on a pair of glasses. The camera is small and consumes very low power. A.The Human eye : Structure and function : The Human eyes operate on the same principle as that of a camera. The Human eye is an organ that reacts to light for several purposes. The Human eye ball is roughly spherical in shape. The important part of the eye responsible for the vision is the retina. The retina is a light sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. Light falling on the eye is focused on to a sheet of light sensitive cells. The photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina that receive the light signals affect the adjustment of the size of the pupil. The ganglion cells are connected to the rods and the cone cells in the retina. The cone

Figure 1. Human eye structure.

Fig. 1 shows interior structure of the human eye in its basic form. The light signals enter the eye through the cornea. The cornea focuses the rays of light falling on eye. The light then passes the pupil and the lens of eye, which leads to the formation of an inverted image on the retina of the eyeball. The retina sends electrical signals to the brain through the optic nerve. The brain interprets the signals sent from the retina and forms the image. B. Basic Eye Disorders The Eye disorders dealt here are listed below: Retinitis Pigmentosa Macular Degeneration 1) Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is the name given to a group of hereditary diseases of the retina of the eye. RP is a progressive blinding disorder of the outer retina which involves degeneration of neurons [1]. RP may be caused by a breakdown in the function of the rods or the cones in some part of the retina. The retina is so complex that, breakdowns may occur in a variety of ways and so RP is not a single