2.

-.

2.0


.
10 ,
7 5 , 14 2
.
14
.

,
VHDL .
.
.
30 .

2.0

(
)

( )

(
)

2.0

50
1 = 20
2 = 30
4 * 15
2 * 70
300

2.0

271-300 10
241-270 9
211-240 8
181-210 7
151-180 6

2.1
?

2.1

4


CRC

2.1.1


( ) (
)

{0,1}
N min ?
n log 2 N ; n -

2.1.1
:

100 ?

n log 2 N
100<128; n=7

2.1.2

0

x bi ai
i n 1
bn 1bn 2 ...b1b0 -
an 1an 2 ...a1a0 -
BCD
NBCD (8,4,2,1)

3,

2.1.2

(8, 4, -2, -1)

0000

0111

0110

0101

0100

1011

1010

1001

1000

1111

7=1*8+0*4+0*(-2)+1*(-1)

2.1.2

+3

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

10

1010

11

1011

12

1100

2.1.3
: N- x (N-x)
1->0, 0->1
NBCD
4 = 0100 = 1011 <> 0101 = 5 = (9-4)
(8, 4, -2, -1)
0
BCD ai 9
i n 1
2

2.1.4

1
-

bn bn 1bn 2 ...b1b0

g n g n1 g n 2 ...g1 g 0

g i (bi bi 1 ) mod 2,0 i n 1 g n bn

n
bk g i (mod 2), k n, n 1,...,1,0
ik

2.1.4

BCD

0000

0000

0001

0001

0010

0011

0011

0010

0100

0110

0101

0111

0110

0101

0111

0100

1000

1100

1001

1101

2.1.5

4

()

2=0010 -> 1 0010; 2=0010 -> 0 0010

2--5 (7,4,2,1,0)
1 , 2 , 2

2.1.6




Min (BCD, , 3) = 1
Min (2--5, ) = 2

k , k

2.1.6

L .
d(A,X)
D- X
L=2k+1, k
, X :
d(A,X)=k
d(X, )>k

2k
k

2.1.7

n , k
n + k
2
L=3, C=1, D=1

C1

C2

b3

C4

b2

b1

b0

2.1.7

C 2
C1 1, 3, 5, 7 C1 b3 b2 b0
C2 2, 3, 6, 7 C2 b3 b1 b0
C4 4, 5, 6, 7 C4 b2 b1 b0

P1 C1 b3 b2 b0 = 0
P4 P2 P1
P2 C2 b3 b1 b0 = 0
1
P4 C4 b2 b1 b0 = 0

2.1.7
L=4, D=2, C=1

C1

C2

b3

C4

b2

b1

b0

C8

1-7 :

C1, C2, C4

8- :

P4 P2 P1 =000, 8-

2.1.7
n , k
k

2 1 n k

n 2 1 k

2.
C1 -> 0001, 0011, 0101, 0111 1
C2 -> 0010, 0011, 0110, 0111 2
C4 -> 0100, 0101, 0110, 0111 4
C8 -> 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011, 1100,

2.1.8 CRC
n

bnbn1...b1b0 bi x i

2
i 0
(XOR)
/
G(x)
G(x).
G(x)
G(x)
,

2.1.8 CRC
:
E(x)

i
x
= , i-
G(x)
CRC-12: x12 x11 x 3 x 2 x 1
16
15
2
x

x
1
CRC-16:
16
12
5
x

x
1
CRC-CCITT:

2.1.9
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
8
26 , 26 , 10 , 32 ,

= 1
ANSI

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)

8
ASCII,

2.1.9
5
12
Unicode 16

ISO 10646 32

2.1.10

2.1.10
LZ (Lampel Ziv)



0<1,200>1<1,100>2<1,50> = 200x0 100x1 50x2