1. Background Potato chips are thin slices of potato, fried quickly in oil and then salted.

According to snack food folklore, the potato chip was invented in 1853 by a chef named George Crum at a restaurant called Moon's Lake House in Saratoga Spring, New York. Angered when a customer, some sources say it was none other than Cornelius Vanderbilt, returned his french fried potatoes to the kitchen for being too thick, Crum sarcastically shaved them paper thin and sent the plate back out. The customer, whoever he was, and others around him, loved the thin potatoes. Crum soon opened his own restaurant across the lake and his policy of not taking reservations did not keep the customers from standing in line to taste his potato chips. The popularity of potato chips quickly spread across the country, particularly in speakeasies, spawning a flurry of homebased companies. Van de Camp's Saratoga Chips opened in Los Angeles on January 6, 1915. In 1921, Earl Wise, a grocer, was stuck with an overstock of potatoes. He peeled them, sliced them with a cabbage cutter and then fried them according to his mother's recipe and packaged them in brown paper bags. Leonard Japp and George Gavora started Jays Foods in the early 1920s, selling potato chips, nuts, and pretzels to speakeasies from the back of a dilapidated truck. The chips were commonly prepared in someone's kitchen and then delivered

GI I THI U CHUNG Khoai ty chin l nh ng lt khoai ty m ng c chin nhanh trong d u v sau r c mu i ln. Theo l ch s v th c n nhanh, khoai tay chin c sng ch vo n m 1853 b i m t v b p tr ng tn George Crum c a nh hng Moons Lake House Saratoga Spring, New York. T c gi n khi m t khch hng, theo vi ngu n ti li u ni r ng chnh l Cornelius Vanderbilt, tr l i nh b p mn khoai ty chin ki u Php c a ng v n qu dy, Crum m a mai bo chng m ng nh t gi y v g i d a th c n l i. R t ng c nhin, v khch v nh ng ng i xung quanh u r t thch khoai ty m ng. Crum m nh hng ring c a mnh pha bn kia h v chnh sch khng cho t ch tr c c a ng khng gi c khch ng x p hng i th ng th c mn khoai ty chin c a ng. S ph bi n c a mn khoai ty chin nhanh chng lan r ng kh p n c, c bi t l trong speakeasies (nh ng qun bar), s n sinh ra hng lo t cc cng ty t i nh. C a hng Van de Camp's Saratoga Chips cm vo ngy 6/1/1915 Los Angeles. Vo n m 1921, Earl Wise, m t ng i bn th c ph m, b m c k t v i m t l ng khoai ty tch tr qu nhi u. Anh y g t v , x t lt b ng my x t b p c i r i chin chng theo cng th c n u n c a m anh y v gi l i trong nh ng ti gi y mu nu. Trong u nh ng n m 1920, Leonard Japp v George Gavora b t u h th ng th c ph m Jays bn khoai ty chin, cc lo i h t, bnh quy xo n n speakeasies t pha sau c a m t chi c xe t i nt.

immediately to stores and restaurants, or sold on the street. Shelf-life was virtually nil. Two innovations paved the way for mass production. In 1925, the automatic potato-peeling machine was invented. A year later, several employees at Laura Scudder's potato chip company ironed sheets of waxed paper into bags. The chips were hand-packed into the bags, which were then ironed shut. Potato chips received a further boost when the U.S. government declared them an essential food in 1942, allowing factories to remain open during World War II. In many cases, potato chips were the only ready-toeat vegetables available. After the war, it was commonplace to serve chips with dips; French onion soup mix stirred into sour cream was a perennial favorite. Television also contributed to the chip's popularity as Americans brought snacks with them when they settled before their television sets each night. In 1969, General Mills and Proctor & Gamble introduced fabricated potato chips, Chipos and Pringles, respectively. They were made from potatoes that had been cooked, mashed, dehydrated, reconstituted into dough, and cut into uniform pieces. They further differed from previous chips in that they were packaged into breakproof, oxygen-free canisters. The Potato Chip Institute (now the Snack Food Association) filed suit to prevent General Mills and Proctor & Gamble from calling their products chips. Although the suit was dismissed, the USDA did stipulate that the new variety must be labeled as "potato chips made from dried potatoes." Although still on the market, fabricated chips have

Mn khoai ty chin th ng c chu n b trong nh b p v sau nhanh chng c giao t i cc c a hng v nh hng, ho c bn trn ng ph . Th i h n s d ng g n nh b ng khng. Hai sng ki n m ng cho vi c s n xu t hng lo t. N m 1925, my g t v khoai ty t ng c pht minh. M t n m sau, m t s nhn vin t i cng ty khoai ty chin Laura Scudder dn nh ng t gi y sp vo ti ng. Khoai ty c cho vo ti b ng tay, sau ng mi ng ti l i. Khoai ty chin ngy cng n i ti ng h n khi chnh ph M tuyn b chng l m t lo i th c ph m thi t y u vo n m 1942, v v n cho php cc nh my cm c a trong Th chi n th hai. Trong nhi u tr ng h p, khoai ty chin ch l m t mn rau c lm s n n ngay. Sau chi n tranh, vi c ph c v mn khoai ty chin n km v i dips, mn sp hnh ty tr n khu y kem chua ki u Php l m t mn c yu thch nhi u n m, tr nn ph bi n. Truy n hnh c ng gp ph n t o nn s ph bi n c a mn khoai ty chin khi ng i M mang theo n nh lc h ng i xem truy n hnh m i t i. N m 1969, General Mills v Proctor & Gamble gi i thi u m t s n ph m t ng t l khoai ty chin lm s n, Chipos v Pringles . Chng c lm t khoai ty cn u chn, nghi n nt, tch b t n c, t o kh i b t nho, v c t thnh nh ng mi ng ng nh t. Chng c ng khc xa v i mn khoai ty chin tr c y ch chng c ng gi vo cc ti c ht chn khng. Vi n nghin c u v khoai ty chin (nay l Hi p h i th c n nhanh) n p n ki n ng n c m vi c General Mills v Proctor & Gamble g i s n ph m c a h l chip. M c

never achieved the popularity of the original. Today, potato chips are the most popular snack in the United States. According to the Snack Food Association, potato chips constitute 40% of snack food consumption, beating out pretzels and popcorn in spite of the fact that hardly anyone thinks potato chips are nutritious. Nonetheless, the major challenge faced by manufacturers in the 1990s was to develop a tasty low-fat potato chip.

n ki n b bc b , nh ng USDA quy nh r ng cc s n ph m m i ph i c dn nhn l "khoai ty chin c lm t khoai ty s y kh." M c d v n hi n di n trn th tr ng, nh ng khoai ty chin lm s n khng bao gi c yu thch b ng mn khoai ty nguyn b n. Ngy nay, khoai ty chin l mn n ph bi n nh t t i Hoa K . Theo Hi p h i th c n nhanh, khoai ty chin chi m 40% l ng tiu th th c n nhanh, nh b i bnh quy v b ng ng m c d th c t l h u nh khng ai ngh r ng khoai ty chin c ch a dinh d ng. Tuy nhin, thch th c l n m cc nh s n xu t ph i i m t vo nh ng n m 1990 l pht tri n m t s n ph m khoai ty chin ngon c hm l ng ch t bo th p.