GW3 HOMEWORK #10

Section 1 – Grammar
Fill in the blank with the appropriate gerund or infinitive form of the
verb in parentheses.
1. Paula forgot to tell (tell) her husband she hadn’t fed their cat. Her
husband didn’t feed the cat either, so the poor thing meowed all day
long!
2. Paula forgot telling (tell) her husband she hadn’t fed their cat, so she
worried all day long. However, her husband had fed the cat before he
left for work.
3. Do you remember stopping (stop) the newspaper delivery for this
week that we’re on vacation?
4. I remembered to stop (stop) the mail, but I don’t remember stopping
(stop) the paper.
5. After getting my last credit card bill, I stopped spending (spend) so
much time at the mall. I need to follow my budget more closely.
6. I stopped to spend (spend) some time at the mall today. I’ve been
pretty good about watching my money and decided to splurge and buy
some new shoes.
7. Each week we try to save (save) a little money to put toward a
vacation. We hope to go to Japan next summer.
8. Each week we try save (save) the planet by volunteering to pick up
trash along the highway.
9. The committee regrets to inform (inform) you that your request for a
hearing has been denied. You may appeal this decision if you wish.
10. The committee regrets informing (inform) you that your request for a
hearing was denied. It has, in fact, been granted.
Section 2 – Vocabulary

# Vocabulary Meaning

coastline (n) [C or the particular shape of the coast, especially as seen

U] from above, from the sea, or on a map

1. E.G.: Measures were taken to protect the coastline from the oil spillage.

Your example: The coastline stretches for miles, with beaches and rocks
along the shore.

shoreline (n) [C
the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river
usually singular]

E.G.: Oil from the wrecked tanker polluted more than 40 miles of the
2.
Normandy shoreline.

Your example: Waves gently lapping against the shoreline as the sun
sets in the distance.

the part of a town on the coast next to the beach,

seafront (n) [C
often with a road along it and a row of houses and
usually singular]
shops facing the sea

3. E.G.: We rented a house on the seafront for the summer.

Your example: The family enjoyed a long walk along the seafront,
stopping for ice cream at a small shop facing the water.

built-up area (n)

places where there are a lot of buildings
[C]

E.G.: Most people nowadays live and work in built-up areas, which tend
4.
to be less exposed.

Your example: Traffic moves slowly through the built-up area because
of all the shops and houses along the road.
 inland (adj) in the middle of a country, away from the sea

5. E.G.: The Black Sea is a large inland sea.

Your example: She decided to drive to an inland town, far from the
coastal crowds.

the wide part of a river at the place where it joins

estuary (n) [C]
the sea

E.G.: The Gabun, in reality an estuary of the sea, lies immediately north
6.
of the equator.

Your example: We watched the boats sail down the river towards the
estuary, where it met the sea.

an area of sea water separated from the sea by a

lagoon (n) [C]
reef (= a line of rocks and sand)

7. E.G.: We loved to go swimming in the lagoon.

Your example: The small lagoon was perfect for kayaking, sheltered
from the open sea by a coral reef.

archipelago (n) a group of small islands or an area of sea in which

[C] there are many small islands

E.G.: The Hawaiian archipelago is made up of a number of large islands

8.
and some extremely small ones.

Your example: We explored the archipelago, hopping from one tiny island
to another.

a large area of land such as a continent that is in

9. landmass (n) [C]
one piece and not broken up by oceans
 E.G.: Islands have made it on the map, but the landmasses they point
to have not.

Your example: The map showed a vast landmass that included several
countries and regions connected by a single piece of land.

expanse (n) [C] a large, open area of land, water, or sky

10. E.G.: The Great Plains are a broad expanse of grassland.

Your example: The expanse of the desert stretched out as far as the eye
could see, with nothing but sand and sky.

scattered (adj) covering a wide area

E.G.: She gathered up the newspapers that were scattered around the
11.
floor.

Your example: The stars were scattered across the night sky, creating a
beautiful and random pattern.

the act of going to live in a new place where few

settlement (n) [C
people have lived before, or the place where people
or U]
have come to live
12.
E.G.: Many Native Americans were killed during the settlement of the
American West by Europeans in the 19th century.

Your example: The small settlement grew from a few houses to a

bustling community over the years.

causing a lot of destruction, or a sudden, violent

cataclysmic (adj)
change
13.
E.G.: These countries are on the brink of cataclysmic famine.
 Your example: The earthquake was cataclysmic, destroying entire
neighborhoods and causing widespread chaos.

low-lying (adj) Low-lying land is at or near sea level

E.G.: People living in low-lying areas were evacuated because of the

14.
floods.

Your example: The low-lying fields were quickly submerged during the
heavy rainstorm.

sedimentary evidence collected from rock made from solid

evidence (n) [U] material left by the action of water, ice, or wind

E.G.: New sedimentary evidence reveals a unique history of C4

15.
biomass in continental East Asia since the early Miocene.

Your example: Sedimentary evidence from the riverbed showed layers

of soil that told the story of past flooding events.

highlands (n)
a mountainous area of a country
[plural]

16. E.G.: Most villages in the highlands are now connected by roads.

Your example: The highlands were covered in snow, providing a

stunning view from the valley below.

plateau (n) [C] a large flat area of land that is high above sea level
17.
E.G.: From a narrow fringe of coastal plain, the main island rises to a
central plateau.

Your example: The hikers reached the plateau after a long climb,
enjoying the expansive view from the flat, elevated land.
 a long piece of land that sticks out from a larger
peninsula (n) [C]
area of land into the sea or into a lake

E.G.: Throughout the entire south of the peninsula French influence was
18.
predominant.

Your example: The small town was located on a peninsula, surrounded

by water on three sides and offering breathtaking scenery.

craggy (adj) rough and having many rocks

19. E.G.: The craggy summit I am perched on is Cradle Mountain.

Your example: The craggy coastline was dotted with sharp rocks and
steep cliffs.

an area of land, when considering its natural

20. terrain (n) [U]
features

E.G.: The car handles particularly well on rough terrain.

Your example: The hikers prepared for the rugged terrain, which
included steep slopes and rocky paths.
Section 3 – Writing
Prepare an outline and write an essay to answer the following
question:
Write an essay to classify different types of landscapes.

Landscapes come in many different forms, each with its own unique
features and characteristics. From towering mountains to sprawling
deserts, the variety of landscapes around the world can be classified
into several main types, including mountainous terrains, coastal
regions and deserts.

One major type of landscape is the mountainous terrain. Mountains are

characterized by their high elevations and steep slopes. They can be
found in mountain ranges such as the Rockies or the Himalayas.
Mountainous landscapes often feature rugged peaks, deep valleys, and
often have glaciers or snow-capped summits. These areas are known
for their dramatic scenery and can influence the climate of nearby
regions. The high altitude and rough terrain can also make these
landscapes challenging for human settlement but ideal for outdoor
adventures like hiking and skiing.

Another type of landscape is the coastal region. Coastal landscapes are

where land meets the sea and include features like beaches, cliffs, and
estuaries. Beaches are known for their sandy shores and gentle waves,
while cliffs provide dramatic drops to the ocean below. Estuaries are
areas where freshwater from rivers mixes with salty sea water,
creating rich habitats for various species. Coastal regions are often
popular for tourism due to their scenic views and enjoyable activities,
such as swimming and surfing.

Deserts represent a third type of landscape, characterized by their dry

conditions and minimal vegetation. Deserts can be hot, like the
Sahara, or cold, like Antarctica. They are known for their vast sandy or
rocky expanses and extreme temperature changes between day and
night. Despite their harsh conditions, deserts are home to specially
adapted plants and animals that can survive with very little water. The
unique beauty of desert landscapes, with their wide open spaces and
colorful rock formations, makes them fascinating to explore.

In conclusion,landscapes can be classified into various types, including

mountainous terrains, coastal regions, and deserts. Each type has its
own distinct features and characteristics that contribute to the
diversity of our natural world. By recognizing and understanding these
different landscapes, we gain a greater appreciation for the
beauty and variety of the Earth's environments.

Section 4 – Activities in the Great Writing 3 Book:

Unit 4 - Activity 6 – 9

Items Y/ N/ Other comments

Introduction

Does the introduction include background

information to set the topic into a broader
context?

Is there a thesis statement that answers

the essay question?

Body

Is there a topic sentence in each

paragraph that is related to the main idea
stated in the introduction?

Are the paragraphs fully developed?

Are there any unrelated sentences?

Conclusion

Does the conclusion restate the thesis

and sum up the main points?

Overall
Are there choppy or stringy sentences?

Are there many grammar, spelling, and

punctuation mistakes?

Are sentence structures and length

varied?

Is the vocabulary used appropriate and

varied?

Are links between sentences and

paragraphs smooth and clear?