DIRECTING

  The act of issuing orders, assignments, instructions to accomplish the organization s goals and objectives. It entails explaining what is to be done, to and by whom, at what time, how and why.

TOOLS IN DIRECTING      Nursing Care Plan Policies Standards Standard Operating Procedure Rules and Regulation

ELEMENTS IN DIRECTING 1. Delegation 2. Supervision 3. Staff Development 4. Coordination 5. Collaboration 6. Communication 7. Evaluation 1. Delegation          Getting work done through others. Directing the performance of one or more people to accomplish organizational goals. Provides learning or stretching opportunities for subordinates. Cannot delegate total responsibility. Do not delegate responsibility without authority. Delegate to the right person, at the right time, and for the right reason. Say no when you must. Reward subordinates for jobs well done. Don t just delegate boring jobs.

Nursing management - DIRECTING Aspects of Delegation    Responsibility denotes obligation Authority the power to make final decisions and give commands. Accountability refers to liability

Clear Communication + Delegation

  

Define the task clearly. Delineate end results, time frame, standards. Delegate the objective, not the procedure.

2. SUPERVISION  The process of guiding and directing the work to be done. PRINCIPLES OF GOOD SUPERVISION       Focused on the improvement of work rather than upgrading the worker. It is based on line of authority, organizational philosophy, vision, mission, job description, policies and standards, the needs of the individual. Focus on the 3 areas of skill: conceptual, technical and interpersonal It is cooperatively planned, and accepts both challenge and change. Uses democratic process. THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF GOOD SUPERVISION IS TO PROVIDE SAFE, EFFECTIVE , QUALITY CARE. RESPONSIBILITIES OF SUPERVISORS     Teach and motivate the staff Delegate work responsibilities Perform ax and evaluation of work performance and condition. Attend consultation.

3. STAFF DEVELOPMENT  Staff development is a planned experience to help employees perform effectively , and to enrich their competence in practice, education, administration and research.

FUNCTION OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT      To maintain staff efficiency and effectiveness To create quality employees To meet the staff s needs and address their problems To motivate them and improve their self-confidence To help prepare them for greater responsibilities

4. COORDINATION  Coordination links the different components of an organization and leads them toward goal achievement.

5.COLLABORATION  Collaboration is working together in the decision making process.

6. COMMUNICATION  Communication is the process by which a message is sent, received and understood as intended.

The complex exchange of thoughts, ideas, or information on at least two levels: verbal and nonverbal. (Chitty, 2001)

Channels of Communication A. Downward     Traditional Primarily directive Satisfaction less for subordinate Employee handbook, reports, job descriptions

B.Horizontal  To peers and members of the health team.

C.Upward    Allows employee input Staff satisfaction high Supervisor passes up

D.Outward  To patient, family and community

Organizational Communication Strategies       Understand the structure of the organization. Realize that communication is not a one-way channel. Keep communication clear, concise, and simple. Sender should seek feedback regarding accuracy. Use multiple communication methods. Don t overwhelm with unnecessary information.

Communication Modes    Written communication Verbal communication Nonverbal communication

Telephone Communication    Rapid. Allows receiver to clarify message at time it is received. Does not, however, allow the receipt of nonverbal messages for either the sender or the receiver.

Listening  The average person spends 70% of his or her time listening, but only 1/3 of all messages are retained.

 

Good listening skills are as important as good verbal skills to the manager. Good listening skills take ongoing effort.

Non-Verbal Communication Cues         Space Environment Outward appearance Eye contact Body posture Gestures Facial expression Timing

Other interpersonal communication skills    Nonverbal communication Assertive communication Listening skills

Assertive Communication  A way of communicating that allows people to express themselves in direct, honest, and appropriate ways that do not infringe on another person s rights.

Passive Communication   Occurs when a person suffers in silence, although he or she may feel strongly about the issue. Nonassertive.

Aggressive Communication   Expressing oneself in a direct and often hostile manner that infringes on another person s rights. Generally oriented to winning at all costs.

Passive-Aggressive Communication   An aggressive message presented in a passive way. Limited verbal behavior with incongruent nonverbal behavior.

Virtual Communication      Electronic mail Fax Teleconferences Pagers Internet

 

CD-ROM Networked systems

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION    Physical Barriers Social/Psychological Barriers Interpretation

7. EVALUATION  Outcome of what has been done based on job performance.

PURPOSE OF EVALUATION    Provide constructive feedback Determine progress and worthiness of individual nurse for greater responsibilities Serve as a basis for promotion and increase in salary or other similar rewards.