BINOMIAL ASSIGNMENT 1
BINOMIAL THEOREY
LEVEL A
1. Expand:
(i) (1 − x + x 2 ) in powers of x
4
(ii) (1 + x + x 2 ) in powers of x
3
( ) ( )
6 6
x +1 + x −1 + x +1 − x −1
2. Evaluate:
9
4x 5
3. (i) Find the 7 term in the expansion of −
th
5 2x
12
x 3a
(ii) Find the 9 term in the expansion of − 2
th
a x
(iii) Find ‘a’ if the 17th and 18th terms of the expansion ( 2 + a ) are equal.
50
(iv) Find the rth term from end in ( x + a ) .
n
4. Find the coefficient of
i. x 5 in the expansion of ( x + 3)
6
11
3
10
ii. x in the expansion of 2 x 2 − , x 0
x
iii. x10 in the expansion of ( x 2 − 2 )
11
11 11
1 1
5. Find the coefficient of x in ax 2 + and that of x −7 in ax − 2 and then find the relation
7
bx bx
between a and b so that these coefficients are equal, none of a, b and x is zero.
1024
1 1
6. Find the number of integral terms in the expansion of 5 2 + 7 8
(a) 102 (b) 124 (c) 158 (d) 129
(i) Find coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )
6 7
7.
(ii) Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x ) (1 − x )
3 6
BINOMIAL 2
Expand (1 + x )
n +1
8. , when x = 8. Deduce that 9n+1 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64 for all n N
9. If n is a positive integer, show that
(i) 4n − 3n − 1 is divisible by 9
(ii) 32 n+ 2 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64
(iii) x n − y n is divisible by x – y
(iv) x 2 n +1 + y 2 n +1 is divisible by x + y
10. Find remainder when 9100 is divided by 8.
LEVEL B
11. Find remainder when 599 is divided by 13.
Find last three digits in ( 29 ) .
100
12.
13. Find digit at units place in 181808 − 81808 + 111008 .
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
( )
20
14. Let R = 8 + 3 7 then prove that
(a) [R] is odd where [.] is GIF
1
(b) R = 1 − where {.} is fractional part
( )
20
8+3 7
In the expansion of (1 + x ) , the sum of the coefficient of odd powers of x is
50
15.
(a) 0 (b) 249 (c) 250 (d) 251
BINOMIAL 3
Answers Key
1. (i) 1 − 4 x + 10 x 2 − 16 x3 + 19 x 4 − 16 x5 + 10 x 6 − 4 x 7 + x8 (ii) 1 + 3x + 6 x 2 + 7 x3 + 6 x 4 + 3x5 + x 6
a4
2. 16 x (14 x 2 − 3)
10500
, 1, n Cr −1 ( x ) .a n −r +1
12 r −1
3. , C4 .38. 12
x3 x
4. 18, 28.35.55 , 29568 5. ab = 1 6. d 7. -43, -6
10. 1 11. 8 12. 001 13. b 15. b
Video Solutions Links
1 https://youtu.be/3GLli-om1uM
2 https://youtu.be/YH34I026jbc
3 https://youtu.be/fqM6NL8iWEc
4 https://youtu.be/wcNYzJOZeTM
5 https://youtu.be/jMjhW3dlHlI
6 https://youtu.be/38zQYb6me-I
7 https://youtu.be/f9JHRzUGu0Y
8 https://youtu.be/H5iZ3L7WfpM
9 https://youtu.be/ddzn0_3eJRM
10 https://youtu.be/5hD_8KBqD_k
11 https://youtu.be/zA2ROOB_EZg
12 https://youtu.be/Wp-9NLia0YM
13 https://youtu.be/tr3k1f5dkAg
14 https://youtu.be/jOQRk1wLkuY
15 https://youtu.be/V0JXO_Md0dM
Solutions
1. Expand:
BINOMIAL 4
(i) (1 − x + x 2 ) in powers of x
4
(ii) (1 + x + x 2 ) in powers of x
3
(
(i) (1 − x + x 2 ) = (1 + x 2 ) − ( x ) )
4 4
Sol:
= 4C0 (1 + x 2 ) + 4C1 (1 + x 2 ) ( − x ) + 4C2 (1 + x 2 ) ( − x ) + 4C3 (1 + x 2 ) ( − x ) + 4C4 ( − x )
4 3 1 2 2 3 4
= (1 + x 4 + 2 x 2 ) − 4 x (1 + x 6 + 3x 2 + 3x 4 ) + 6 x 2 (1 + x 4 + 2 x 2 ) − 4 x 3 (1 + x 2 ) + x 4
2
= 1 − 4 x + 10 x 2 − 16 x3 + 19 x 4 − 16 x5 + 10 x 6 − 4 x 7 + x8
(ii) (1 + x + x 2 ) = ( (1 + x ) + x 2 )
3 3
= 3C0 (1 + x ) + 3C1 (1 + x ) x 2 + 3C2 (1 + x ) ( x 2 ) + 3C3 ( x 2 )
3 2 1 2 3
= (1 + x3 + 3 x + 3 x 2 ) + 3 x 2 (1 + x 2 + 2 x ) + 3x 4 (1 + x ) + x 6
= 1 + 3x + 6 x 2 + 7 x3 + 6 x 4 + 3x5 + x 6
( ) ( )
6 6
x +1 + x −1 + x +1 − x −1
2. Evaluate:
Sol: Here,
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ... (1)
6 6 5 1 6
x +1 + x −1 = 6C0 x + 1 + 6C1 x +1 x − 1 + .... + 6C6 x −1
( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ..... ( 2 )
6 6 5 1 6
x +1 − x −1 =6 C0 x + 1 − 6C1 x +1 x − 1 + .... + 6C6 x −1
Adding (1) and (2), we get
( ) ( )
6 6
x +1 + x −1 + x +1 − x −1
= 2 6 C0 ( x + 1) + 6C2 ( x + 1) ( x − 1) + 6C4 ( x + 1)( x − 1) + 6C6 ( x − 1)
3 2 2 3
= 16 x (14 x 2 − 3)
9
4x 5
3. (i) Find the 7th term in the expansion of −
5 2x
12
x 3a
(ii) Find the 9th term in the expansion of − 2
a x
(iii) Find ‘a’ if the 17th and 18th terms of the expansion ( 2 + a ) are equal.
50
(iv) Find the rth term from end in ( x + a ) .
n
BINOMIAL 5
9
4x 5
Sol: (i) Given, −
5 2x
9− k
−5
k
4x
General term Tk +1 = Ck 9
5 2x
For 7th term, putting k = 6
4 x −5
3 6
T7 = C6
9
5 2x
10500
=
x3
12
x 3a
(ii) Given, − 2
a x
12 − k
−3a
k
x
General term Tk +1 = 12Ck 2
a x
For 9th term, putting k = 8
x −3a
4 8
T9 = 12C8 2
a x
a4
= 12C4 .38. 12
x
(iii) Given, ( 2 + a )
50
General term, Tk +1 = 50Ck ( 2 ) (a)
50 − k k
Given, 17th and 18th term are equal
50C16 .234.a16 = 50C17 .233.a17
50
C16
a= 50
2
C17
2
a= =1
2
(iv) Given, ( x + a )
n
As rth term from end is ( n − r + 2 ) term from beginning
th
BINOMIAL 6
Tn − r + 2 = T( n − r +1)+1
= nCn − r +1 ( x ) (a)
n − n + r −1 n − r +1
= nCr −1 ( x )
r −1
.a n − r +1
4. Find the coefficient of
i. x 5 in the expansion of ( x + 3)
6
11
3
ii. x 10
in the expansion of 2 x 2 − , x 0
x
iii. x10 in the expansion of ( x 2 − 2 )
11
( x + 3)
6
Sol: (i) Given,
Tk +1 = 6Ck x6−k .3k
For coefficient of x 5
6−k = 5
k =1
⸫ Coefficient of x 5 is
= 6C1.31
= 18
11
3
(ii) Given, 2x 2 −
x
−3
k
Tk +1 = 11Ck ( 2 x 2 )
11− k
x
= 11Ck .211− k .x 22− 2 k . ( −3) .x − k
k
= 11Ck .211− k . ( −3) .x 22−3k
k
For coefficient of x10
22 − 3k = 10
3k = 12
k =4
⸫ Coefficient of x10 is
= 11C4 .27 ( −3)
4
= 28.35.55
BINOMIAL 7
(iii) Given, ( x 2 − 2 )
11
Tk +1 = 11Ck ( x 2 )
11− k
( −2 )
k
= 11Ck ( −2 ) x 22− 2 k
k
For coefficient of x10 is
22 − 2k = 10
2k = 12
k =6
⸫ Coefficient of x10 is
= 11C6 ( −2 )
6
= 29568
11 11
1 1
5. Find the coefficient of x 7 in ax 2 + and that of x −7 in ax − 2 and then find the relation
bx bx
between a and b so that these coefficients are equal, none of a, b and x is zero.
11 k
1 11− k 1
Sol: For ax 2 + , Tk +1 = 11Ck ( ax 2 )
bx bx
1 22−3k
= 11Cr a11−k x
bk
For x 7 , 22 − 3k = 7
3k = 15
k =5
1
T6 = 11C5 a 6 5 x 7
b
11
1 a5
Similarly, coefficient of x −7 in ax − 2 is 11 C6 6
bx b
a 6 11 a 5
Given that 11 C5 = C6 6
b5 b
1
a=
b
or ab = 1
BINOMIAL 8
1024
1 1
6. Find the number of integral terms in the expansion of 5 2 + 7 8
(a) 102 (b) 124 (c) 158 (d) 129
Ans: (d)
1024
1 1
Sol: Given, 5 2 + 7 8
Tk +1 = 1024Ck ( 51/2 ) (7 )
1024 − k 1/8 k
1024 − k k
= 1024
Ck 5 2
7 8
Here, for integral terms
1024 − k k
and both have to be integer.
2 2
Thus,
k = 0,8,16, 24,....1024
Thus total 129 terms
(i) Find coefficient of x3 in the expansion of (1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )
6 7
7.
(ii) Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x ) (1 − x )
3 6
(i) Given, (1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )
6 7
Sol:
(1 + 2 x ) (1 − x )
6 7
= ( C + C ( 2x ) + C ( 2x ) + ...) ( C − C x + C x
6
0
6
1
1 6
2
2 7
0
7
1
7
2
2
+ ...)
Now for coefficient of x3, following cases are possible
x 3 x 0 , x 2 x1 , x1 x 2 , x 0 x 3
Thus coefficient of x3 is
= 6C3 ( 2 ) . 7C0 + 6C2 ( 2 ) . 7C1 ( −1) + 6C1 ( 2 ) . 7C2 ( −1) + 6C6 . 7C3 ( −1)
3 2 1 1 2 3
= 160 − 420 + 252 − 35
= −43
(ii) Given, (1 + x ) (1 − x )
3 6
For coefficient of x5 following cases are possible
x 3 x 2 , x 2 x 3 , x1 x 4 , x 0 x 5
BINOMIAL 9
Thus coefficient of x5 is
= 3C3 . 6C2 ( −1) + 3C2 .6 C3 ( −1) + 3C1.6 C4 ( −1) + 3C0 . 6C5 ( −1)
2 3 4 5
= 15 − 60 + 45 − 6
= −6
Expand (1 + x )
n +1
8. , when x = 8. Deduce that 9n+1 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64 for all n N
Given, (1 + x )
n +1
Sol:
(1 + x )
n +1
= n +1C0 + n +1C1 x + n +1C2 x 2 + .... + n +1Cn +1 x n +1
Putting x = 8, we get
9n +1 = n +1C0 + n +1C1.8 + n +1C2 .82 + .... + n +1Cn +1 8(
n +1)
9n +1 = 1 + 8 ( n + 1) + 82 ( n +1
C2 + n +1C3 8 + .... + n +1Cn +1 8(
n −1)
)
9n +1 − 8n − 9 = 64 ( Integer )
9n +1 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64 for all n N
9. If n is a positive integer, show that
(i) 4n − 3n − 1 is divisible by 9
(ii) 32 n+ 2 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 64
(iii) x n − y n is divisible by x – y
(iv) x 2 n +1 + y 2 n +1 is divisible by x + y
Sol: (i) Given, 4n − 3n − 1
or (1 + 3) − 3n − 1
n
nC0 + nC1 3 + nC2 32 + ... + nCn 3n − 3n − 1
1 + 3n + nC2 32 + .... + nCn 3n − 3n − 1
9 ( n C2 + nC3 .3 + nC4 32 + ... + nCn 3n − 2 )
9 ( Integer for all n N )
Hence proved that 4n − 3n − 1 is divisible by 9
(ii) Given, 32 n+ 2 − 8n − 9
or ( 32 )
n +1
− 8n − 9
BINOMIAL 10
(9)
n +1
− 8n − 9
(1 + 8 )
n +1
− 8n − 9
n +1C0 + n +1C1 8 + n +1C2 82 + n +1C3 83 + ... + n +1Cn +1 8n +1 − 8n − 9
1 + 8 ( n + 1) + 64 ( n +1 C2 + n +1C3 8 + .... + n +1Cn +18n −1 ) − 8n − 9
64 ( Integer for all n N )
Hence proved that 32 n+ 2 − 8n − 9 is divisible by 9
(iii) Given, x n − y n
( x − y + y ) − yn
n
( C ( x − y)
n
0
n
+ nC1 ( x − y )
n −1
y1 + n C 2 ( x − y )
n−2
y 2 + .... + nCn −1 ( x − y ) y n −1 + nCn y n − y n )
( x − y ) n C0 ( x − y ) + nC1 ( x − y ) y + ... + nCn −1 y n −1
n −1 n−2
( x − y ) Integer for all n N
Hence proved x n − y n is divisible by (x – y)
(iv) Given, x 2 n +1 + y 2 n +1
( x + y − y)
2 n +1
+ y 2 n +1
( 2 n +1
C0 ( x + y )
2 n +1
− 2 n +1C1 ( x + y ) . y + 2 n +1C2 ( x + y )
2n 2 n −1
y 2 + .... + 2 n +1C2 n ( x + y ) . y 2 n − 2 n +1C2 n +1 y 2 n +1 )
+ y 2 n +1
( x + y ) 2 n +1 C0 ( x + y ) − 2 n +1C1 ( x + y ) . y + ... + 2 n +1C2 n y 2 n
2n 2 n −1
( x + y )( Integer )
Hence proved
10. Find remainder when 9100 is divided by 8
Sol: Given, 9100
9100 = (1 + 8 )
100
= 100C0 + 100C1.8 + 100C2 82 + ... + 100C100 8100
= 1 + 8 ( 100 C1 + 100C2 8 + .... + 100C100 899 )
= 1 + 8k ( k is integer )
Thus, when 9100 is divided by 8 then remainder is 1
11. Find remainder when 599 is divided by 13.
BINOMIAL 11
Sol: Given, 599
599 = 5.598
= 5 ( 52 )
49
= 5 ( 26 − 1)
49
= 5 49 C0 .2649 − 49C1 2648 + 49C2 2647 − ... + 49C48 26 − 49C49
= 5 13 k − 5 ( where k is integer )
= 65k − 13 + 8
= 13 ( 5k − 1) + 8
Thus remainder when 599 is divided by 13 is 8
Find last three digits in ( 29 )
100
12.
Given, ( 29 )
100
Sol:
( 29 ) = ( 30 − 1)
100 100
= 100C0 30100 − 100C1 3099 + 100C2 3098 − .... + 100C98 ( 30 ) − 100C99 ( 30 ) + 100C100
2
= (a number having zero as last four digit) + 4455000 – 3000 + 1
= (a number having zero as last four digit) + 4452001
Thus last three digits are 001
13. Find digit at units place in 181808 − 81808 + 111008
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Ans: (b)
Sol: Given, 181808 − 81808 + 111008
(10 + 8 ) − 81808 + 111008
1808
1808C0101808 + 1808C1101807.81 + ... + 1808C1808 81808 − 81808 + 111008
10 ( k ) + 111008 ( where k is integer )
Thus digit at unit place will be 1 (as 11n has unit place digit as 1)
( )
20
14. Let R = 8 + 3 7 then prove that
(a) [R] is odd where [.] is GIF
1
(b) R = 1 − where {.} is fractional part
( )
20
8+3 7
BINOMIAL 12
( )
20
Sol: Given, R = 8 + 3 7
Let [R] = I, {R} = f
R=I+ f (0 f 1)
( ) ( 0 G 1)
20
Let G = 8 − 3 7
Now,
( ) ( ) + .....
1 2
R = 20C80 820 + 20C1 819 3 7 + 20C2 818 3 7
(3 7 ) + (3 7 ) + ...
1 2
G = 20C0 820 − 20C1 819 20
C2 818
Adding both we get
R + G = 2 20 C0 820 + 20C2 818 3 7 ( ) + ...
2
R + R + G = 2 ( k ) ( k isinteger )
Since 0 G 1 & 0 R 1
0 G + R 2
G + R = 1
R = 2k −1 ( odd )
Also, ( R )( G ) = 1
G + R = 1
R = 1 − G
1
R = 1 −
R
1
R = 1 −
(8 + 3 7 )
20
In the expansion of (1 + x ) , the sum of the coefficient of odd powers of x is
50
15.
(a) 0 (b) 249 (c) 250 (d) 251
Ans: (b)
Given, (1 + x )
50
Sol:
BINOMIAL 13
(1 + x ) = 50C0 + 50C1 x + 50C2 x 2 + ... + 50C50 x50 ..... (1)
50
(1 − x ) = 50C0 − 50C1 x + 50C2 x 2 + ... + 50C50 x50 ..... ( 2 )
50
Putting x = 1, and subtracting (1) and (2), we get
(1 + 1) − (1 − 1) = 2 ( 50 C1 + 50C3 + ... + 50C49 )
50 50
250 = 2 ( 50 C1 + 50C3 + ... + 50C49 )
50
C1 + 50C3 + .... + 50C49 = 249
⸫ Sum of coefficients with odd powers is 249
BINOMIAL 14
