Vitamin Forms Vit. A Carotinoids Retinoids: 1.Retinol 2.Retinal 3.Retinoic Acid 4.

Retinyl esters

Sources 1.Liver, eggs, milk 2.Yellow fruits 3.Vegitables 4.Green leafy vegitables

Deficiencies/ Overdose -Growth retardation -Night blindness -Epithelial metaplasia -Impaired innate defenses -Keratinization of epithelium OVERDOSE: -Birth defects -Skin rash -Pseudo tumor Cerebri -Liver Cirrhosis -Liver failure -Kidney failure -Rickets/osteomalacia

Functions

Vit. D

-D2 -D3 -7-Dehydrocholesterol

-Dairy Products as Ergosterol -Short exposure to UV light

-Calcium metabolism

Vit. K

-K1-Phylloquinone-plant source -K2-Menaquinone-bacteria source -K3-Menadione-synthetic form

-Spinach, broccoli, lettuce -Soy bean oil and canola oil -Bacterial source from gut

-Hemorrhagic disease of newborn -Malabsorption syndromes -prolonged antibiotic therapy

-Helps in extrinsic pathway of coagulation -synthesis of osteocalcin and MGP -Gamma carboxylation of protein C, S and Z.

Vit. E

D-alpha Tocopherol

-Vegetable oils, wheat germ oil, safflower oil,

-Hemolytic anemia -increased risk of stroke

-Stops chain Rxn s of free radicals.

and sunflower oils

-spinocerebellar ataxia -myopathy and neuropathy

-protects against oxidation of LDL -prevents hemolysis of RBC c. -decrease smooth muscle proliferation. -Powerful antioxidant -Hydroxylation Rxn -Replenish Vit. E -Natural anti-histamine -reduces cold symptoms. -collagen formation -Synthesis of carnitine -Absorption of Iron -Oxidative decarboxylation Rxn s -Transketolation Rxn s -Nerve conduction -Neurotransmission

Vit. C

L-Ascorbic acid

Citrus fruits

-Scurvy -Connective tissue problems -Hyper tyrosinemia

Vit. B1

Thiamine Thiamine Triphosphate

-Unpolished rice and whole wheat.

Vit. B2

Riboflavin Lactoflavin FMN FAD

-Whole cereals, Legumes

Vit. B3

Niacin:

-Impaired by ETOH ingestion -Beriberi -Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome -Polyneuritis -High output cardiac failure -Glossitis -Cheilosis -angular stomatitis -Conjunctivitis -Oral ocular genital syndrome -Pellagra

-Oxidation Reduction

Vit. B6

-Nicotinic acid -Nicotinamide NAD NADP+ -Pyridoxine -Pyridoxal -Pyridoxamine -Pyridoxal PO4 is active form.

RXN s. -Dehydrogenases

-Neurological manifestations -Dermatits -Anemia -Decreased AST and ALT activity -Fatigue -Irritability -Numbness, muscle cramps -Hypoglycemia -Consumption of raw eggs. -Pancreatic insufficiency -Leiner disease -Sudden infant death syndrome -Dialysis -Depression -Lethargy -Megaloblastic anemia -Homocysteineuria -Neural tube defects in fetus

Vit. B5

Pantothenic acid

Vit. B7

Biotin B7

-Amino acid metabolism -Lipid metabolism -Carbohydrate metabolism -Heme synthesis -Catecholamine synthesis -Modulation of steroids -Transamination RXN -Carrier of acyl groups -Involved in metabolism of fat, proteins and carbs -Cellular metabolism -Detox of drugs-acylation -Carboxylation RXN -

Folate

-Formyl THF -Methylene THF -Methenyl THF -Formimino THFPredominant form.

-DNA synthesis -Conversion of homocysteine to methionine -Pyrimidine synthesis

Vit. B12 -Cobalamin -Hydroxycobalamin -cyanocobalamin -Methyl cobalamin -Deoxyadenosylcobalamin

-Megaloblastic anemia -Mehtylmalonicaciduria -Neurological manifestations

-Converts homocysteine to methionine. -Converts methylmaloyl co-a to succinyl co-a