H.

W NO : 5(i)
Let f i = f i + 2 + f i +1 + f i 1 + f i 2
Show that the order of accuracy is 4.

Solution
f ( x ) = f ( x + 2x ) + f ( x + x ) + f ( x x ) + f ( x 2x )
Using Taylor series expansion,
f ( x + 2x ) = f ( x ) + 2xf ( x ) +

4x 2
8x 3
16x 4
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) + .......
2!
3!
4!

f ( x + x ) = f ( x ) + xf ( x ) +

x 2
x 3
x 4
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) + .......
2!
3!
4!

f ( x x ) = f ( x ) xf ( x ) +

x 2
x 3
x 4
f ( x )
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) + .......
2!
3!
4!

f ( x 2x ) = f ( x ) 2xf ( x ) +

4 x 2
8x 3
16x 4

f ( x)
f ( x) +
f ( x ) + .......
2!
3!
4!

For the given expression to be valid, the following conditions must be satisfied

+ + + = 0

(1)

2x + x x 2x = 1

(2)

2x 2 +

x 2
x 2
+
+ 2x 2 = 0
2
2

4
1
1
4
x 3 + x 3 x 3 x 3 = 0
3
6
6
3
Solving (1) ,(2) ,(3) and (4)

1
12x

2
3x

2
3x

(3)

(4)

1
12x

f ( x ) =

1
2
2
1
f ( x + 2x ) +
f ( x + x ) +
f ( x x ) +
f ( x 2x )
12x
3x
3x
12x

On expanding and simplifying,

f ( x ) = f ( x )

1
x 4 f ( x ) + ...........
30

Order of accuracy= 4

H.W NO: 5(ii)

Let f i= f i + f i +1 + f i + 2 + f i +3
Find the order of accuracy.

Solution
f ( x ) = f ( x ) + f ( x + x ) + f ( x + 2x ) + f ( x + 3x )
Using Taylor series expansion,
f ( x + x ) = f ( x ) + xf ( x ) +

x 2
x 3
x 4
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) + .......
2!
3!
4!

f ( x + 2x ) = f ( x ) + 2xf ( x ) +

4x 2
8x 3
16x 4
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) +
f ( x ) + .......
2!
3!
4!

f ( x + 3x ) = f ( x ) + 3xf ( x ) +

9 x 2
27 x 3
81x 4

f ( x) +
f ( x) +
f ( x ) + .......
2!
3!
4!

For the given expression to be valid, the following conditions must be satisfied

+ + + = 0

(1)

x + 2x + 3x = 0

(2)

x 2
9
+ 2x 2 + x 2 = 1
2
2

(3)

1
4
9
x 3 + x 3 + x 3 = 0
6
3
2

(4)

Solving (1) , (2) ,(3) and (4)

2
x 2

5
x 2

4
x 2

1
x 2

f ( x ) =

2
5
4
1
f ( x ) + 2 f ( x + x ) + 2 f ( x + 2x ) + 2 f ( x + 3x )
2
x
x
x
x

On expanding and simplifying,

f ( x ) = f ( x )

11 2
x f ( x ) + ...........
12

Order of accuracy = 2