Theoretical Framework
Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) suggests that parents act as role models, influencing their
children’s decisions by shaping their self-efficacy and career aspirations through their own actions and
guidance. Expectancy-Value Theory (Eccles & Wigfield, 2002) supports the idea that parents influence
their children's course and strand choices by expressing expectations and values regarding certain
careers, which children adopt when making decisions.
According to social cognitive theory, this was connected to our study cause of parents act as role models
for their children and influence their self-efficacy and career choices through their guidance, attitudes,
and behaviors. Parents influence children’s academic and career choices through their expectations and
values toward certain professions. Students follow their parents’ goals and expectations, making their
decision making vulnerable to parental pressure.
As for Expectancy-Value Theory by Bandura. Being Grade 10 student it is Critical to know what your
Tracks taking in SHS , Parents influence their children to pick a specific strand that they think will be a
guide to their children to be successful in life. This leads to a high expectations from your parents
influence that u will achieve this goal in your life, and can serves as a Guidance throughout your career
of choices. In some cases children feel pressured about their Courses or Strand taking, since sometimes
it is against on their Skills.
The theory that will support this study. John Holland's developed the Holland's theory in 1996. Applying
the Holland's theory in selecting a career of students, it could relate to the factors in selecting the
strands based on their financial status. The six personality types of Holland's theory might have the
correlations with the financial status of students. For example, the realistic personality type of students,
these are the students who choose their strands according to their status or the practical way of
choosing strands.