Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
EN PHYS 1 – PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS Period: 2nd Sem. AY .2024-2025
Subject Instructor: Engr. Renato A. Canaria Course and Year: Petition
Module No. & Title: 4. Kinematics of Rotation Time Allotment: Week 5 (6 hrs)
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4. Kinematics of Rotation
Outline of Topics
1. Rotational and Angular Displacement
2. Angular Velocity and Acceleration
3. Motion Equation of Rotation
4. Linear and Angular Kinematics
5.
Specific Intended Learning Outcome/s (SILOs)
At the end of this topic, the student should be able to:
Determine angular displacement of a rotation
Derive angular velocity and angular acceleration
Apply motion equation of rotation in a situational problem
Relate linear and angular kinematics of rotation
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What do the motions of a compact disc, a Ferris wheel, a circular saw blasé, and a ceiling fan have in
common? None of these can be represented adequately as a moving point; each involves a body that
rotates about an axis that is stationary in some inertial frame of reference.
Rotation occurs at all scales, from the motions of electrons in atoms to the motions of entire galaxies. We
need to develop some general methods for analyzing the motion of a rotating body. In this chapter and the
next we consider bodies that have definite size and definite shape, and that in general can have rotational
as ell as translated motion.
Real world bodies can be very complicated; the forces that act on them can deform them – stretching,
twisting, and squeezing them. We’ll neglect these deformations for now and assume that the body has a
perfectly definite and unchanging shape and size. We call this idealized model a rigid body.
We begin with kinematic language for describing rotational motion. Next, we look at the dynamic of rotation,
the key to using energy methods for rotational motion.
Lesson 1: Rotational Motion and Angular Displacement
In the simplest kind of rotation, points on a rigid object move in circular paths around an axis of rotation.
The angle through which a rigid object rotates about a fixed axis is called the angular displacement.
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CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Angular displacement – when a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis, the angular displacement is the
angle swept out by a line passing through any point on the body and intersecting the axis of rotation
perpendicularly. By convention, the angular displacement is positive if it is counterclockwise and negative if
it is clockwise. SI unit for angular displacement is radian (rad).
The angular coordinate θ of a rigid body rotating around a fixed axis can be positive or negative. If we
choose positive angle to be measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis, then θ in the figure below
is positive. . If we instead choose the positive rotation direction to be clockwise, then θ is negative.
To describe rotational motion, the most natural way to measure the angle θ is not in degrees, but in
radians. One radian (1 rad) is the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc with a length equal to
the radius of the circle.
An angle is subtended by an arc of length s on a circle of radius
r. the value of θ (in radians) is equal to s divided by r.
arc length(s ) s
θ ( ¿ radians ) = =
radius (r ) r
To convert between degrees and radians, it is only necessary to
remember that the arc length of an entire circle of radius r is the
circumference 2πr. Therefore, the number of radians that
corresponds to 360o, or one revolution, is
360 degrees ( o ) = 2π radian (rad) = 1 revolution (rev)
Example Problem 1.1
Synchronous satellites are put into an orbit whose radius is
4.23x107 m. if the angular separation of the two satellites is 2.00
degrees, find the arc length that separate them.
Solution:
Example Problem 1.2
The angle between two radii of a circle with radius 1.50 m is 40 o.
What length of arc is intercepted on the circumference of the
circle by the two radii?
Solution:
Lesson 2: Angular Velocity and Acceleration
Average Angular Velocity
In kinematics, we instroduced the idea of linear velocity to describe how fasr an object moves and the
direction of its motion. The average linear velocity was defined as the linear discplacement of the object
divided by the time required for the displacement to occur.
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Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Now we instroduce the analogous idea of angular velocity to describe te motion of a rigid object rotating
about a fixed axis. The average angular velocity is defined as:
angular displacement
average angular velocity=
elapsed time
θ−θ o ∆ θ
ω= =
t−t o ∆ t
The SI unit for angular velocity I the radian per second (rad/s), although other units such as revolutions per
minute are also used. In agreement with the sign convention adopted for angular displacement, angular
velocity is positive when the rotation is counterclockwise and negative when it is clockwise.
Example Problem 2.1
A gymnast on a high bar swings through two revolutions in a time
of 1.90 s. Find the average angular velocity of the gymnast.
Solution:
Example Problem 2.2
A pitcher throws a curveball that reaches the catcher in 0.60 s. the
ball curves because it is spinning at an average angular velocity of
3.30 rev/min (assumed constant) on its way to the catcher’s mitt.
What is the angular displacement of the baseball (in radians) as it
travels from the pitcher to the catcher?
Solution:
Instantaneous Angular Velocity
The instantaneous angular velocity ω is the angular velocity that exists at any given instant. To measure it,
we follow the same procesude used in linear kinematics. Thus,
dθ
ω= lim ω=
∆ t →0 dt
The magnitude of the instantaneous angular velocity, without reference to whether it is a positive or
negative quantity, is called the instanteous angular speed. If a rotating object has a consant angular
velocity, the instantaneous value and the average value are the same.
Example Problem 2.3
The angular position of θ of a 0.36m damter flywheel is given by
(a) Find θ, in radians and in degrees, at t1 = 2.0 s and t2 = 5.0 s.
(b) Find the distance that a particle on the flywheel rim moves over the time interval from t 1 and t2
(c) Find the average angular velocity in rad/s and rev/min, over that interval.
(d) Find the instantaneous angular velocities at t1 and t2.
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Solution:
Example Problem 2.4
The angular velocity of a flywheel obeys the equation ω(t) = A + Bt2, where t is in seconds and A and B are
constant having numerical values 2.75 rad/s and 1.50 rad/s 3, respectively. (a) What is the angular velocity
at t1 = 0s and t2 = 5s? (b) What is the angular displacement at t 2 = 5s, if at t1 = 0s the flywheel start at zero
degrees?
Solution:
Average Angular Acceeration
In linear motion, a changing velocity means that an acceleration in occuring. Such is also the case in
rotational motion; a changing angular velocity means that an angular acceleration is occuring. There are
many examles of angular acceleration. For instance, as a compact disc recording is played, the disc turns
with an angular velocity that s contuanlly decreasing. And when the push buttons of an electric blender are
changed from a lower setting t a higher setting, the angular velocity of the blades increases.
We will define average angular acceleration as:
change ∈angular velocity
average angular acceleration=
elapsed time
ω−ω o ∆ ω
α= =
t−t o ∆t
The SI unit for average angular acceleration is the rad/s2.
Instantaneous Angular Acceleration
The instantaneous angular acceleration at a given instant is
dω
α = lim α =
∆ t →0 dt
Example Problem 2.5
As seen from the front of the engine, the fan blades are rotating with an angular speed of -110 rad/s. as the
plane takes off, the angular velocity of the blades reaches -330 rad/s in a time of 14 s. Find the angular
acceleration, assuming it to be constant.
Solution:
Example Problem 2.6
The angular velocity of a flywheel obeys the equation ω(t) = A + Bt2, where t is in seconds and A and B are
constant having numerical values 2.75 rad/s and 1.50 rad/s 3, respectively. (a) What is the angular
acceleration at t1 = 0s and t2 = 5s? (b) At what acceleration will the angular velocity be maximum?
Solution:
Lesson 3: Motion Equation of Rotation
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Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Straight line motion is particularly simple when the acceleration is constant. This is also true of rotational
motion about a fixed axis. When the angular acceleration is constant, we can derive equations for angular
velocity and angular position using exactly the same procedure that we used for straight line motion.
Example Problem 3.1
The blades of an electric blender are whirling with an angular velocity of 375 rad/s when the “puree” button
is pushed. When the “blend” button is pushed. The blades accelerate and reach a greater angular velocity
after the blades have rotated through an angular displacement of 44 rad. The angular acceleration has a
constant value of 1740 rad/s2. Find the final angular velocity of the blades.
Solution:
Example Problem 3.2
You have finished watching a movie on Bu-ray and the disc is slowing to a stop. The disc’s angular velocity
at t = 0s is 27.5 rad/s, and its angular acceleration is a constant -10 rad/s 2. A line PR on the disc’s surface
lies along the +x-axis at t = 0s. (a) What is the disc’s angular velocity at t = 0.30s? (b) How many revolution
does the line PQ make with the +x-axis at this time?
Solution:
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Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Lesson 4: Linear and Angular Kinematics
Linear Speed in Rigid Body Rotation
When a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis, every particle in the
body moves in a circular path. The circle lies in a plane
perpendicular to the axis and is centered on the axis. The speed
of a particle is directly proportional to the body’s angular velocity;
the faster the body rotates, the greater the speed of each particle
In the figure, point P is a constant distance r from the axis of
rotation, so it moves in a circle of radius r. At any time, the angle θ
and the arc length s are related by
We take the time derivative of this:
Linear Acceleration in Rigid Body Rotation
We can represent the acceleration of a particle moving in a circle
in terms of its centripetal and tangential components, αrad and αtan.
Tangential component of acceleration acts to change the
magnitude of the particle’s velocity and is equal to the rate of
change of speed.
Centripetal component of acceleration is associated with the
change of direction of the particle’s velocity.
Example Problem 4.1
An athlete whirls a discuss in a circle of radius 80.0 cm. at a certain instant, the athlete is rotating at 10.0
rad/s and the angular speed is increasing at 50.0 rad/s 2. At this instant, find the tangential and centripetal
components of the acceleration of the discuss and the magnitude of the acceleration.
Solution:
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COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Example Problem 4.2
A helicopter blade has an angular speed of ω = 6.50 rev/s and has an
angular acceleration of α = 1.30 rev/s2. For point 1 ans 2 on the blade
in the figure, find the magnitude of tangential speed ands and the
tangential acceleration.
Solution:
References:
Physics 9th Edition by Cutnell, et. al.
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CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with Modern Physics Technology Update 13th Edition by Young, et. al.
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