NETWORKING ASSIGNMENT.

1. You need to configure a server that is on the subnet mask of

[Link]/[Link] router has the first available host address.
Which subnet mask you should assign to the server.

Solutions.

Subnet address = [Link]/29

- 29 bits reserved for the network portion and 3 bits for the host
portion.
- The subnet musk for /29 can be derived as follows:

• Binary:
11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000

• Decimal:
[Link]

Thus, the subnet mask is [Link]

-To calculate the subnet block size.

The number of possible IP addresses in a/29 subnet is determined by 2h,
where h Is the number of host bits (32-29=3 host bits). Therefore

23=8 IP addresses per subnet.

-To determine the range of IP addresses in the subnet.

The block size is determined by the least significant bit in the subnet
mask:

256-248=8
The subnet ranges around [Link] are:
[Link]/29:[Link] to [Link]
 Answers:

The router has the first available host address, which is

[Link]
The server should be assigned another available host address
[Link]
The server should also use the subnet mask [Link] to
stay within the same subnet.

2. The network address of [Link]/19 provides how many subnets and

hosts?

Solutions.
• Determine the class of IP address.
-[Link] is a class B IP address.
-For class B the default subnet mask is /16.
-In this case the subnet mask is /19, which means 3 additional
bits are borrowed for subnetting(19-16=3).

• Calculate the number of subnets.

Number of subnets =2n

Where n is the number of bits borrowed for subnetting. Her,

n=3

So;

Number of subnet =23 =8

• Calculate the number of hosts per subnet.

The number of host bits in the subnet is

Host bits=32-29 =13

Number of hosts per subnet=2h-2

Where h is the number of hosts bits ,and we subtract 2 for the
network and broadcast addresses. h=13,so
 No. of hosts per subnet =213 – 2=8192-2=8190

So;

Number of subnet are 8,

Number of hosts per subnet are 8190.

3. You have an interface on a router with the IP address of

[Link]/29. Including the router interface, how many hosts can
have IP addresses on the LAN attached to the router interface?

Solutions.
• This 29 bits are used for the network portion leaving 342-29=3
bits for the host portion.

-The subnet mask of ip addderess [Link]/29is

[Link]

• To calculate the total number of IP address in the subnet

Total IP adderess=2h ,where h number of hosts bits h=3

- 23 =8
So;

Subnet range : [Link] to [Link]

Network address=[Link]

Broadcast address=[Link]

Usable host addresses=[Link] to [Link]

• To caunt the usable host address

Usable hosts=Total IP address -2
8 – 2=6

So ;

Number of usable hosts (including the router interface) are 6

 4. You need to subnet a network that has 5 subnets, each with at least 16
hosts. Which classful subnet mask would you use?
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
Solutions.
Step 1: Understand the requirements
5 subnets: This means we need enough bits to create at least 5 different
subnets.
Each subnet must have at least 16 hosts: The minimum hosts required per
subnet will be 16, so we need to calculate how many usable IPs we have per
subnet.
Step 2: Calculate the number of usable IPs per subnet

The formula for calculating the number of usable hosts in a subnet is:
Number of usable hosts = 2n – 2
2n≥16
To find the smallest value of , solve for :
24= 16
So, each subnet requires 4 host bits to accommodate at least 16 hosts.

Step 3: Calculate the subnet mask

To find the correct subnet mask, combine the network bits with enough host
bits to divide the network into subnets while keeping the hosts counts in mind.
Given the need for 5 subnets and 4 host bits, let’s calculate the subnet mask.

Network bits: 8 bits for Class C (since Class C ranges from [Link] to
[Link])
Host bits: 4 bits (to allow for at least 16 hosts)

To combine these, we look at different options:

[Link]:

First 26 bits are used for the network (8 bits of Class C + 18 bits for
subnetting).
The remaining 6 bits are used for hosts.

This would give:

Subnets: 22 = 4 subnets (since the first 2 bits are for subnetting)
Hosts per subnet:26 – 2= 62 usable hosts (since the last 6 bits are for hosts).

[Link]:

First 27 bits are used for the network (8 bits of Class C + 19 bits for
subnetting).
The remaining 5 bits are used for hosts.
This would give:
Subnets: 23 = 8 subnets
Hosts per subnet:55 – 2=30 usable hosts.

[Link]:

First 28 bits are used for the network (8 bits of Class C + 20 bits for
subnetting).
The remaining 4 bits are used for hosts.

This would give:

Subnets: 24 = 16 subnets
Hosts per subnet:24 – 2 = 16 usable hosts.
[Link]:

First 29 bits are used for the network (8 bits of Class C + 21 bits for
subnetting).

The remaining 3 bits are used for hosts.

This would give:

Subnets: 25 = 32 subnets
Hosts per subnet: 23 – 2 = 6 usable hosts.

Step 4: Match the requirement

We need 5 subnets with at least 16 hosts.

From the choices, [Link] fits these requirements perfectly because:
It provides 16 subnets (24),
Each subnet has 14 usable hosts (24 – 2).

Conclusion:
The correct classful subnet mask to use is [Link].
5. Which two statements describe the IP address [Link]/23? The
subnet address is [Link] [Link]. The lowest host address in
the subnet is [Link] [Link]. The last valid host address in the
subnet is [Link] [Link]. The broadcast address of the
subnet is [Link] [Link].

Solutions.

CIDR notation means /23 subnet mask is [Link] , this use 23

bits for the network portion leave 9 bits for the host portion.

The block size for the third octet is 256 – 254=2

So ;
Each subnet increments by 2 in the third octent.

To find the subnet address for the [Link]

-Identify the block size ,each subnet start at multiple of 2 in the third
octent.
-The IP address [Link] falls in the range where the third octent is
2 to 3.
o The starting address (subnet address) is [Link]
o The broadcast address is [Link].
o The usable host address are
▪ Start: Subnet address +1 = [Link]
▪ End : Broadcast address -1 =[Link].
Let’s verify each statements:

• “The subnet address is [Link] [Link]” So this

statement is incorrect because the correct subnet address is
[Link]
 • “The lowest host address in the subnet is [Link] 255 255
254.0” So this statement is correct because then first usable
host in the subnet is [Link]
• “The last valid host address in the subnet is [Link]
[Link]” So this statement is incorrect because the last
valid host is [Link], not [Link]
• “the broadcast address of the subnet is [Link]
[Link]” So this statement is correct because the
broadcast address for this subnet is [Link]

Final answers:

The two correct statements are ;

• The lowest host address in the subnet is [Link]

[Link]
• The broadcast address of the subnet is [Link]
[Link]

6. You have been allocated a class C network address of [Link] and are
using the default subnet mask of [Link] how may hosts can you
have?

Solutions.

Class C IP address: [Link]

Default subnet mask: [Link] or /24

So; in this case 24 bits are used for the network portion and 8 are used
for the host portion.

Total IPs = 2h

Where h is the number of host bits and are 8.

Total IPs =28 = 256

In any subnet:
• 1 address is reserved for the network address e.g [Link]
• 1 address is reserved for the broadcast address e.g [Link]
 The number of usable host = 256 – 2 =254

So;
Final Answer, The class C network [Link]/24 allows 254 usable
hosts.

7. Subnet the Class C IP Address [Link] so that you have 30 subnets.

What is the subnet mask for the maximum number of hosts? How many
hosts can each subnet have? What is the IP address of host 3 on subnet
2?

Solutions.

To create 30 subnets, we need enough subnet bits (n) to satisfy:

2n ≥ 30
Here,

25= 32 (sufficient to create 30 subnets).

Since 5 bits are used for the subnetting , the new subnet mask is:

New subnet mask = /24 + 5 + /29 and in dotted-decimal format

[Link].

Host bits remaining: 32 – 29 = 3

Total IPs per subnet: 23 – 2 = 6

-With a /29 mask , each subnet increments by 8 in the last octent

.The subnet ranges are,

• Subnet 1: [Link] to [Link]

▪ Network address : [Link]
▪ Broadcast address : [Link]
▪ Usable hosts: [Link] to [Link]

• Subnet 2: [Link] to [Link]

▪ Network address : [Link]
▪ Broadcast address: 205.11.2.15r
 ▪ Usable hosts: [Link] to [Link]
The usable host range in subnet 2 is [Link] to [Link].
The third host in range is [Link]

Final answers;
Subnet mask:[Link] or /29
Hosts per subnet: 6 usable hosts
IP address of hosts 3 on subnet 2: [Link]

8. Represent /26 in dotted decimal format.

Solutions.

The /26 is CIDR(Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation

It indicate that 26 bits are allocated for the network portion of the subnet
mask.

Since an IPv4 address is 32 bits long:

32 – 26 =6 bits are left for the host portion.

So in decimal will write.

11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000
255 . 255 . 255 . 192

So the dotted-decimal representation of /26 is [Link]

9. How many hosts can be located on a network, where the IPv4 netmask is
27 bits?

Solutions.
The subnet mask is /27 which ,means 27 bits are used for the network
portion and 5 bits are used for the host portion.
 Total IPs = 2h , Where h is the number of host bits; h=5
Total IPs = 25 = 32

Usable hosts= Total IPs – 2

Usable hosts = 32 -2 = 30

Final answer:
A network with an IPv4 netmask of /27 can accommodate 30 usable
hosts.

10. How many hosts can be addressed on [Link]/16?

Solutions.
CIDR notation :/16 means 16 bits are reserved for the network portion
Of the address,
32 – 16 = 16 bits are for host portion.

Total IPs = 216 = 65,536

Usable hosts = Total IPs -2
Usable hosts = 65,536 – 2 = 65,534
Final answer;
The network [Link]/16 can address 65,534 usable hosts.

11. Convert the following binary to decimal—01101101

Solutions.
01101101=(0×27)+(1×26)+(1×25)+(0×24)+(1×23)+(1×22)+(0×21)+(1×20)
01101101= 0 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1
01101101= 109

The decimal equivalent of binary number 01101101 is 109.

 12. When calculating usable hosts per subnet, the following formula is
used 2^bits - 2. For what reason is two subtracted?

Because to exclude the network address and broadcast address , as

these can not be assigned to devices.

13. Refer to the exhibit. The user at Workstation B reports that Server
A cannot be reached. What is preventing Workstation B from reaching
Server A?

Solutions.
Server A :IP : [Link]/27,
Gateway:[Link]

Workstation B: IP: [Link]/27,

Gateway:[Link]

Subnet mask: /27 corresponding to [Link].

Block size: 256 – 224 = 32
To calculate subnet ranges:

Subnet 1: [Link] to [Link] (usable: [Link] to

[Link])
Subnet 2: [Link] to [Link] (usable: [Link] to
[Link])

So

Server A: IP: [Link] falls in subnet1 ([Link]/27)

Workstation B: IP: [Link] falls in subnet 2([Link]/27)

So the server A and workstation B are in different subnets. This

misconfiguration prevent server A from communication with Workstation
B because Server A cannot correctly route packets to the gateway.