ie 11, Air Around Us cl "1 i , : Ha Recap Quiz > ——— Debi a at/ Tick (7) the correct options to fill in the blanks. 1 fills up all empty space. Water _} soil a. ( c (light Air a b. The layer of air that surrounds the Earth is called — a. (_Jocean Oolimate c. ()weather a O mixture JJatmosphere The of SSS a. (eases c. (_Joolours b. (liquids d. (_Jerains ‘The gas present in the highest amount the air is a, {_)hydrogen b, (_Jnitrogen air is a several in d, (_Jearbon dioxide 5 ET eee layer of the atmosphere contains the air we breathe. a, (troposphere b. stratosphere c. (_)mesosphere d. (Jexosphere The amount of water vapour present in theairis called dew b. ()humidity a rain ~)doud ———— is used to fill electric bulbs. a, (Helium b. ()Nitrogen Oxygen d. (_)ArgonAir is essential for all living things. It is all around ts We cannot see it but we can feel it. Wind is nothing butair in motion. A weathercock (Fig. 11.1) shows the direction of wind, When a fan is switched on, when we are sitting by the window of a moving vehicle, when the branches of trees move and when the clothes on the clothesline flutter (Fig. 11.2), we can feel the presence of air Fig, 11:2 Instances when we feel the presence of at Air is essential to sustain life on the Earth, In the absence of air, even a strong and healthy person would collapse and die in less than ten minutes. One can go without Water for some days, can live without food for a week or more but can survive only a few minutes without air. AIR IS EVERYWHERE Air is present everywhere. It fills up all empty space. A glass with no visible content is said to be empty. However, it is actually not empty. It is filled with Activity 2 to understand this, (Wards Sen) > Ra Communication ‘Aim: To fel the presence of air air. Let us perform is required: a sheet of Paper, a pair of safety stick, board pins, adhesive tape : Ifyou have been to fairs, you would have seen ling pinwheels (Fig. 11.3). Do you know how in groups and discuss how you can singa sheet of paper: Collect the things “Si . eel. Go out in an open area and egg anirst!‘Aim: To show that air occupies space Materials required: an em; 7 pty glass t Jarge bow! filled with water ees procedure: Dip the open mouth of the glass tumbler into the bowl of water. Tilt the tumbler slightly (Fig. 11.4). Observation: Bubbles come out of the glass tumbler. Actually, the glass tumbler was filled with air. When we tilted the glass tumbler, water went inside, and the air came out in the form of bubbles Conclusion: Air fills up space. ATMOSPHERE air. It is called weather and The Earth is surroun atmosphere (Fig. auses changes i maintains the temperature of the Earth) W hen the the Earth's surface, the air arour nd cold air takes its place n and re Earth hot in the day. The trapped phere prevents the Earth from in heats d it also gets heated. Hot air rises up, 2 The atmosphere absorbs he heat from the Su s the rest. So, the part of d does not become 100 jg 115Thetarhsuroinded by the atmosphere heat in the atmos becoming too cold at night. G layer of 25, called ozone, Surrounds the upper - the atmosphere (Fig 14-6) It protects region of tife on the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays of the Sgn) “ozone layer of the atmosphere AIR gases (Fig. 1.7) d water vapou) d_ neon gase> POSITION OF ixture of many bon dioxide 2™ mts of argon 2™ ‘isms. _Itcontains nitrogen, , Air also contains ticles A dust particles pg s17apechartstowreOxygen DN | Qir contains 20.99 % Oxyged) Almost all living things use oxygen for respiration Activity 9 to find out how oxy Tt is also required for combustion, Let us perform eer helps in combustion MS j Ce SUPERVISION : To show that oxygen is needed for combustion Materials required: a bowl, a candle, water, a glass tumbler, matchbox Procedure: Fix a candle in a bowl. Fill the bow! with water. Light the candle and cover it by inverting a glass tumbler. Observation: After some time, the candle goes out. The water level in the glass tumbler rises, Conclusion: Airis required for combustion. The element in the air which helps the candle burn is oxygen (Fig.11.8). When the oxygen inside the glass is used up, the flame. i gets extinguished) You can observe that only one-fifth of the volume of glass tumbler is filled with water showing that a major amount of air still remains in the glass Piece shee ‘tumbler, That is nitrogen which does not aid combustion. acded fobcornbiston All living things such as plants and animals take in oxygen from air. Animals tha lie on the land get oxygen directly from the air. They breathe with the help of lungs ‘The animals which live under the soil breathe air present in the pore space of the si For example(earthworms (Fig-1-#prespire through thir moist skit) Daring rainy season, when their burrows ge filled with water, they come out for respiration ay they am unable to take oxygen from the waterlogged soil The roots of the plants also take in oxygen from the ®" Fig 119 Moistskinofearthworm present i f i eerie present in the pore space of the soil. f > Cena! Tnket bes arising from the lump of dry sol. because of the air that was trapped in the lump of dry so! =: aieal inking Aim: To demonstrate that water contains air * Materials required: water, tripod stand, a vessel, a burner Procedure: Take some wi ater ina vessel, Heat i surface of the vessel el, Heat it on a tripod stand, Look carefully at the inner Observation: You will see tiny bi PASH. ¥ bubbles at the inner side of the vessel just before the water begins Conclusion: The tiny bubbles « 01 i dissolved in it escapes. me from the air dissolved in water. When we heat water, the alr Nitrogen 83 Air contains 78% nitrogen, However, neither plants nor animals can use the nitrogen from the air, Some bacteria living in the soil can combine oxygen and nitrogen gases and form compounds of nd nitrates), These compounds are used by the nitrogen (nitrites plants and animals for making proteins. (Leguminous plants s ‘a in their root nodules (Fig. 11.10). as pea, harbour certain bacte the ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into i Fig, 1.20 Root nodules These bacteria have compounds that can be absorbed by the plan) otieeuniows pans soluble nitrogenous Know More The air that you find in your favourit does not react with the oil present in chips packets is actually nitrogen. This is because nitrogen the chips and the chips remain fresh Carbon dioxide “The air around us conta carbon dioxide (0.09%). This g2 when plants and animals respire, and when It is not always harmful. Plants sa small amount of is also produced things burn. is gas to make their food. It also helps 1 greenhous effect (Fig, 11.11), the proces which keeps the Earth's atmosphere moderately war™- t radiation from the Sun, and helps to sustain favourable rth. However excessive carbon dioxide, produced due to king the Earth hotter which is a warning for all of us, \ use thi 11.11 Greenhouse effect ‘oxide absorbs heat or life on the Ea n activities, is MaWater vapour the air is known as hum aries from pla ice What causes humidity? Water evaporates from ay, al s, wells and ponds as water vapour and mis es The amount of water vapour in to place and from time to time. waterbodies such as oceans, lakes," with air, Plants also give out ae during transpiration. This causes humidiy ‘The water vapour in the air is responsible for all weather conditions such as rin e you seen drops of water on plants on a cold winter mornings snowfall and fog; Ha ‘These are dew drops which are for med when water vapour In the on dust, it gives rise to fog. condenses on the apour condet leaves. When water Dust and smoke Ti ‘The air around us contains suspended Answer the following: dust particles. Their presence varies 1, Whatis the percentage of oxygen in air? from time to time and from place to >. yame two gases that are present in the place. Burning of fuel produces smoke eicintemallarounts! Smoke is a mixture of gases, fine particles of ash and dust. Smoke is also released from vehicles and factory chimneys Ate CuL Ae ‘Aim: To find out if air contains dust particles Procedure: Close the windows and the door in a room to make “itdark. Then allow sunlight to come into the room through a “hole in the door or the window. i Observation: The beam of sunlight (Fig. 11.12) is visible 2ecause it falls on the dust particles and gets reflected. lusion: Ai contains dust particles. a Fig, 11.12 Air contains dust partes BALANCE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE oy We have already learnt about the two processes—respiration and_photosy"— photosynthes'® hese two processesfmaintain the balance in the amount of oxygen and carbon ron ios in the air Che eétbon dioxide released by animals and plants during resp’ cation is us" up by the plants during photosynthesis and the oxygen released by the plants durin photosynthesis i is used by both animals and plants for respiration) Plants pro roduce mor oxygen during photosynthesis than they consume during respiration. ae eelny” Nyy! x Ms 5 My ey J figure 11.13 shows the inte, rdependene: ree ol i of oxygen and carbon dioxide f plants and ani in nature, a — oxen ~ i “ ~, ERRBON Dons w Fig. 11.13 Balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in nature Eco-soldier ws Ny Saalumarada Thimmakka, popularly known as mother of 400 banyan trees, is a well-known environmentalist from Karnataka. She has been honoured with the National Citizen's Award of India for her contribution to the environment She was conferred with Padma Shri in 2019 by the Government of India. Another environmentalist from Karnataka is Tulasi Gowda. She has been working to protect the environment and dedication to preserve nature. TulbsiGowda G4) 15—Life on Land. USES OF AIR Some common uses of air ( as follows: Fig. 11.14) are (7 Airis important for supporting life on our planet. X=, Airguides themovementof parachutes hot-air balloons, gliders, aeroplanes aspera of seeds ‘als to maintain the balance = Sealumarada ‘Thimmalkka has planted almost 30,000 trees in the last six decades. Her vast knowledge of different plants has earned her the title, ‘Encyclopedia of forest’. Tulasi Gowda was conferred the Padma Shri Award in 2021 for her The actions fulfil the United Nations’ Sustainable Development hota batoons | earners to collect Fit 11.14 Some uses of Jobal warmingJ Air makes it possible for insects and birds to fy 4/_ Air helps in the dispersal of seeds and pollinatio A Air plays an important role in the water cycle. ~ ‘The atmosphere protects us from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation coming from the Sun. Air is useful for farmers, for drying and wi n of flowers. innowing of agricultural products, Is are used for drawing water fron Air is used for running windmills. The windmil : tube wells, running flour mills and for generating electricity. Key Words Concept Recall atmosphere: the layer of gases surrounding a ‘combustion: the process of burning foxugen] itrogen ft dioxide i vapour smoke t humidity; the amount of water vapour in the air microorganisms: living organisms that are Sere so small that they can be seen only under a microscope ‘ozone: a colourless gas formed by oxygen eer hte ere and present asa layer high above the Earth’s surface respiration: the process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon dioxide Ultraviolet rays: invisible rays that are part of the energy that comes from the Sun Weathercock: a device, often with the figure can be ‘occupies cannot ‘ofa rooster, which turns freely and shows iis Bcd Poe the direction of the wind ‘Tick (7) the correct options from the following: 1. Which is the second most abundant gas in air? a.{_Jnitrogen b.(_Jcarbon dioxide ef) oxygen 4.(_ }water vepo% — evice shows the direction of wind? a * BA) weathercack <.( pinwheel d.(_}fen irth from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the Sun? : LJartbon dioxide c.( nitrogen d. (YJozoneWhat does water vapour in the air affect the most? a.{¥/) weather conditions b.( nature c.{ }heat 4.(— \plante What : formed when water vapour condenses on dust? a (jew b. snow «{ fiog ¢.(_ Shalt B. Answer ina word. 1, the amount of water vapour in the air iby 2. the harmful rays emitted by the Sun og 3. pipes of fuel produces this Koide, (@)) C. Short Answer Questions 1, Where Is ozone found? How does it help Earth?|\\ 2, How do earthworms breathe? \“_- 3, How do leguminous plants use atmospheric nitrogen? D. Long Answer Questions \\\, 1, What percentage of oxygen Is found in alr? How can we show that oxygen is needed for combustion? \°))_ 2. Howis the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide maintained in the air? 194 3, List the uses of air, a E. Give reasons. 1, Atmosphere is very important for maintenance of Ife on Earth, 19] ; 2 Photosynthesis and respiration help maintain balance in nature, \% 4 Higher Order Thinking Skills (O'S) in .ctivities that lead to the increase Le asin he atmosphere: Which activity according to you requires immediate carbon action? What can you do at your level to reduce carbon emission? (yes (_\No (yes (Jno air? alte he composition of | © Can | talk about the ance of oxygen and carbon Did | understand that in nature @ bal de is essential? ich topic would I like to be exp lained again?