1

MEMORANDUM

GRADE 10 EXEMPLAR 2006 Life Sciences - Paper 1

SECTION A 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5

BPP DPP DPP CPP CPP

(5x2)

(10)

1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3.5 1.3.6

Granum/ GranaP Differentially/ selectively permeableP CancerP PlateletsP CentromereP DiaphragmP

(6x1)

(6)

GP DP EP CP IP JP

(6x1)

(6)

1.4 1.4.1 (a) (b) 1.4.2

AP BP

(2)

Cells A In addition to a cell membrane plant cells have a cell wallP Cells have a regular shapeP

Cells B Animal cells have no cell wallP Cells have an irregular shapeP (4)

Mark first TWO differences only 1.4.3 A nucleus is found in both cellsP A cell membrane is found in both cellsP Cytoplasm is found in both cellsP Mark first TWO similarities only 1.4.4 These structures are not visible/too small to be seen Punder the light microscopeP 1.4.5 The nucleus controls all the metabolic activities of the cellP any

(2)

(2)

3 The nucleus transmits genetic characteristics from cell to cellP Mark first TWO answers only (2) (12)

1.5 1.5.1 cells lining stomach wall contain lipids/fatPinto which aspirin can dissolveP(2) 1.5.2 Bleeding /Blood loss/ anemiaP Ulcers/ sores on the walls of the stomachP Mark first TWO answers only 1.5.3 As there is no mucus/ not enough mucusPto protect the walls of the stomach from digestive juices/ enzymes/ acidP

(2)

(2)

1.5.4 YesP 1.5.5 Absorption of aspirin is through the stomach P so it arrives the brain soonerP than if it was absorbed through the small intestineP

(1)

(3) (10)

1.6 1.6.1 MitochondrionP 1.6.2 A B Outer membraneP Cristae/inner membraneP

(1)

(2) (1)

1.6.3 Cellular respirationP 114(113 to 115) --------------------25 000

1.6.4

= 0,00456 (0,00452/0,0046)PPmm (2) (6)

TOTAL SECTION A: 50

4 QUESTION 2 2.1 2.1.1 HaemoglobinP + OxygenP

(2)

2.1.2 More oxygen can be carried by the erythrocytePand more haemoglobin can combine with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobinP (2) 2.1.3 (a) Blood of an anaemic person has fewer erythrocytes and therefore less haemoglobinP. The blood is therefore less redP and anaemics appear pale (2) Less oxygen is carried to body cells by erythrocytes since there is less haemoglobinP. Cells cannot undergo maximum aerobic respirationP, hence less energy is available for physical activitiesPand less energy is available to generate heat to keep the body warmP any (2) (8)

(b)

2.2 2.2.1 People at lowP altitude have fewerP red blood corpuscles than those at high altitude/People at highP altitude have moreP red blood corpuscles than those at low altitude (2) 2.2.2 (a) (b) 2.2.3 (a) number of red blood corpusclesP height above sea level/altitudeP The greater the altitudeP, the greater is the number of red blood corpusclesP (1) (1)

(2)

(b)

Air is rarified at high altitudes, hence a person needs more red blood corpusclesPto carry as much oxygen as possibleP (2) Lamontville Golden Arrows live and train at low altitude (sea level), hence have fewer red blood corpusclesP. When in Gauteng (high altitude), less oxygen is availableP, and so not enough oxygen goes to the body cells for cellular respirationP. Less energy is availablePand the Arrows players become very tiredP any (3) The Arrows team need to train and live for a few weeks at high altitudeP so that more red blood corpuscles can developP before they play in GautengP (2)

(c)

(d)

5 (e) Table shows the number of red blood corpuscles (in millions per 1 mm3 of blood) at different altitudes ALTITUDE (m) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 NO. OF RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES (millions/mm3 of blood) 5 5.5 6.1 6.2 6.8 6.9 8 (7) Rubric to mark table Criteria Caption Table Column headings Data entry Score 1 1 2 1 to 2 correct rows :1 mark 3 to 4 correct rows :2 marks 5 correct rows :3 marks

(f)

The scientist needed to take many peoples blood samples and find the averageP to increase accuracyP TOTAL QUESTION 2: 30

(2) (22)

6 QUESTION 3 3.1 Photosynthesis Process is anabolic/organic nutrients are synthesizedP Depends on lightP Carbon dioxide/water/ oxygen is absorbedP Occurs in green plants/ chlorophyll containing cellsP Respiration Process is catabolic/organic nutrients are oxidizedP Does not depends on lightP Carbon dioxide/water/ oxygen is releasedP Occurs in all living cellsP (any 3 x 2 = 6 + 1 for table) Mark first THREE answers only 3.2 3.2.1 To speed up the process of fermentation/ provide adequate temperature for the processPP 3.2.2 To keep oxygen out/ for anaerobic respiration to take place/ to prevent the evaporation of alcoholPP 3.2.3 Preparation of alcoholic beveragesP Baking industryP Growing of maize and sorghum in agricultureP to supply ingredients By-products of beer making used as feed for other animalsP Making of dairy productsP/ any other correct use any Mark first FOUR answers only (7)

(2)

(2)

(4) (8)

7 3.3 3.3.1

Graph showing the effect of light intensity on the rate of photoynthesis

60
Number of bubbles per min.

50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Distance of plant from lamp(cm)

Correct type of graph Title of graph Correct choice and label for x - axis Correct choice and label for y axis Correct unit for x -axis Correct unit for y - axis Appropriate scale for x- axis (constant intervals) Appropriate scale for y- axis (constant intervals) Plotting of points

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2: plotted all 4 points; 1: plotted 2 or 3 points; 0: plotted less than 2 points 1 (11)

All plotted points joined

8 3.3.2 The light intensity reduced /there was less lightPso the rate of photosynthesis also droppedPhence less bubbles were released. 3.3.3 - converts radiant energy to chemical potential energy/ production of food/energy for organismsP - releases O2 needed for cellular respirationP - absorb CO2P - regulation of O2/CO2 levels in the atmosphereP Mark first TWO answers only any (2) (15) (2)

TOTAL QUESTION 3: 30

9 QUESTION 4 4.1 4.1.1 It has a substance that foolsP the brain into believing that the person is not hungry and not thirsty. P 4.1.2 It was passed on from generation to generationP through indigenous KnowledgeP/ Elders researched the informationP and passed it onP

(2)

(2)

4.1.3 - people could think that it is easy to lose weight gained/people are not going to plan their dietsPP - People could become addicted to the drugPP/ any other logical answer (2 x 2) (4) 4.1.4 San people/ScientistsP 4.1.5 San people are the holdersP of the original informationPso they should benefit from the sale of the drugs. OR The scientists had the technical knowledgeP to develop the drugP/ or any other logical answer 4.1.6 Positive attitudeP It will allow people to lose weight so they can be healthyPP OR Negative attitudeP People need to eat a balanced diet to be healthyPP/ or any other logical reason 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 (1)

(2)

(3) (14)

To preventP the spread of the diseaseP

(2)

In the past peoples attitude was negativeP, rejectingPstigmatisingP /any other appropriate descriptions. Peoples attitude presently: positiveP,more acceptingPbased on better information/any other appropriate descriptions (4) NoP Isolating them from their families and communities may cause other emotional problemsPP Sick people need the physical and emotional support of their families and communities to heal PP PP Mark first TWO answers only (2 x 2) (4) (11) (1)

4.2.3 4.2.4

10 4.3 Both parties, the tobacco industry and the department of health have rights, according to the constitution. Tobacco industry employs many people who depend on the industry for their livelihood. The industry has also agreed to print a health warning on each packet of cigarette. Those who smoke, in spite of this, have rights as well. On the other hand, a lot of research has proven that smoking is hazardous to ones health causing diseases such as lung cancer, emphysema/ bronchitis/ heart disease etc The cost of treating these diseases could be the responsibility of the department of health. HOW THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE HANDLED. Government should enforce legislation around smoking in public places to prevent passive smoking. Restaurants and other establishments must have smoke free and smoking sections Cigarettes should not be sold to those below 18 years Those that break the law should be fined/jailed Give the tobacco industry enough time to phase out for example a 10 year period so that the employees can re-skill to do other jobs away from tobacco industry. There after smoking should be banned completely. Government should enforce a ban on tobacco industry advertising Education of young people not to take up smoking should be the responsibility of the department of health and education (15)

11 Rubric to assess Question 4.3 Criteria

0 Stating point of view (health department/ tobacco industry) Diseases associated with smoking Synthesis View/s not stated 1 Only one view stated without explanation One disease mentioned Attempted but with significant gaps in the logic and flow of the answer 2 At least Two solutions suggested without explanation

Scores
2 Two views stated without any motivation Two diseases mentioned Minor gaps in the logic and flow of the answer 4 At least Two solutions suggested with explanation 3 Two views stated with clear motivation for both Three or more diseases mentioned Well structured demonstrates insight and understanding of question 6 More than Two solutions suggested with explanations

None mentioned

Not attempted /nothing written other than question number 0

Suggested solution to the smoking problem

No solution suggested

(15)

TOTAL QUESTION 4: 40 TOTAL SECTION C: 40 GRAND TOTAL: 150