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Pathways JAN
Pathways JAN
EDITORIAL BOARD
Editor Sindhu Balu Editorial Team Chaparala Sree Vidya Purnima Naresh Mangnani Vikram Gowrishankar Maya.P.S Joint Editorial Team Hemalatha.J Nivethika Sundararajan N.Vinisha Mehdi Ali Mirza V.P.Venkateshwaran Rohit Chanchal
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Were you waiting for one of the Biggest Chemical Fest of India? Were you waiting for the right moment to showcase your potential? Were you thinking of the platform to perform which will make every head turn? Then your WAIT is over!! LET YOUR GREY CELLS MEET THE GRANDEUR!! Chemfluence IS HERE !!
Chemfluence, is a national level technical symposium organized annually by the Department of Chemical Engineering, A.C.Tech, Anna University. With an array of events spread across three days it seeks to provide a platform for dexterous Chemical Engineers across the nation to show off their technical powers and develop their full intellectual potential. With innovation as inspiration and technical knowledge as a tool, Chemfluence aims at bringing a complete transformation to the very grassroots of the field. Chemfluence gives an opportunity for engineering students to look beyond their course and curriculum, to roll back their sleeves, with the technical wand in their hands and do some real magic. With renewed energy, fresh high spirits and changed minds, we are indeed ready to break new frontiers. We plan to escalate Chemfluence 2012 to a completely new dimension. With many new events this time, we invite you to participate in Chemfluence, which will make your effort worthwhile!! An online Chemical trading game, where you could learn the nuances of Chemical Industry. Let out the investor in you!! Event starts by Feb 1, 2012!!
A chemical Exhibit which is sure to excite you!! Get yourself dunked in science! Participate and win the Chem Icon 2012 Title!!
For more exciting events and further details log on to, www.chemfluence.com
Beauty is only skin deep, but the products we use to attain may penetrate far deeper. Cosmeticsmakeup, creams, fragranceshave been around for thousands of years. Beauty rituals are ancient, but most of the chemicals we now use to adorn our faces and bodies are not. Over 5000 synthetic chemicalsnot all safe or even testedpervade the cosmetics market, and in some case our bodies. Slathering, powdering, spiriting... The skin is the body's largest organ and its shield against the environment. But it is a porous protector, allowing some substances in and others most notably moistureout. Some compounds that are applied to the skin's surface can be absorbed into the body, including the estimated four pounds (1.8 kilograms) of lipstick an average lipstick-wearer consumes in a lifetime, according to the Environmental Working Group (EWG), a nonprofit public interest organization based in Washington, D.C. Whats in the product? As chemistry has ramped up in the past century, ingredients in cosmetics have become increasingly complex and cuttingedge. A single exposure to any of them is unlikely to cause harm, but daily exposure over a lifetime may add up. Since there is no long term test to rely on, industry critics express concern over new ingredients, and say that some older ones trigger cancer in animals. Let's consider the main accessories without which most women cannot live!! LIP STICK - A Poison Kiss: We are a culture in love with lipstick a love that for many women starts early. A 2004 survey of cosmetics use on girls aged 7 to 19 found that 63 percent of the girls aged 10 and younger reported using lipstick. NAIL ENAMEL-The Sheen Cover: Over the last several years, scientific studies have shown a correlation between health problems in nail salon workers and daily exposure to chemicals in nail products. Three chemicals of particular concern are toluene, formaldehyde and dibutylphthalate, nicknamed the toxic trio. Toluene helps create a smooth finish across the nail and also keeps the pigment from separating from the liquid in the bottle. It is a common volatile solvent that is released into the air and can impact the central nervous system. It can also cause irritation of the eyes, throat and lungs and is a possible reproductive toxin.
SKIN DEEP
Formaldehyde, which is used as a nail hardening agent, is also a volatile chemical that can evaporate into the air of a salon which is known to cause cancer. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a plasticizing chemical, added to nail polishes to provide flexibility. DBP exposure can affect thyroid function. FRAGRANCE: The scents in products we wash beautify and deodorize which may be enhancing our allure, at the cost of allergic reactions. A 1998 study found that, after nickel, fragrances were the second most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis; dermatitis, or inflamed skin, is a form of eczema, according to the Acad emy of Dermatology (AAD).Natural and organic fragrances such as peppermint oil can be as irritating as synthetics, warns researchers, who adds that eucalyptus and wintergreen oils are potentially lethal.
HAIR PRODUCTS: Shampoo It contains 70 to 80% water plus detergent, perfume and conditioning oils. Harsh ingredients include formaldehyde and quaternarium 15. Oily, dry, or normal classifications depend on how much conditioning oils a shampoo contain. And dandruff shampoos contain irritants like selenium sulfide, coal tar, resorcinol and cresol; if you are sensitive to them, they even make dandruff worse.
Hair dyes Dark hair dyes have been suspected for cancer since years. Even though it contains potential carcinogens like coal tar, paraphenylenediamine (PPD) one has to constantly use for years to increase the risk of rare cancers. But temporary hair dyes such as auburn coloring mousse can run and irritate the eyes if you get caught in the rain.
PRODUCT
Dandruff shampoos and anti-itch creams Nail polish, eyelash adhesive and hair dyes as Fragrance Men's hair dye. mascaras Sunscreens Coal Tar
CHEMICAL
EFFECT
Human carcinogen Immune-system toxicity, respiratory irritation and cancer in humans Endocrine disruptors and may cause obesity Brain-damaging, Neurotoxic Damage brain cells
Formaldehyde Phthalates Lead and Mercury Nanoparticles (zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles) P-Phenylenediamine
Hair dyes
With every cosmetic being just a chemical mix, what are we supposed to do now? EITHER YOU FLAUNT BEAUTY, AND STYLE YOUR WORLD, OR BE CAUTIOUS AND LIVE A COUPLE MORE YEARS WITH SIMPLICITY!!The ball is in your court always!! ;)
- Sindhu Balu, Final yr, ChemE
So will it really answer all our anticipations about the Judgment Day? Is it really true that our future is very near to its end? My wish would be Hopefully NOT (fingers crossed). But our ancestors were pretty sure that our lives are going to be changed (or may be destroyed) by the end of 2012. And they even created various prophecies and books regarding the end of the world to make sure that we face the end bravely! But being educated people, we will not blindly believe in all these predictions alone, because we know how much these predictions came true in 1999! So lets see what are the few scientific reasons given by scientists for the catastrophic events that MIGHT occur at the end of this year.
Slip-Slop-Slap- BANG!
We all know the Earth is surrounded by a magnetic field that shields us from most of the suns radiation. What you might not know is that the magnetic poles we call north and south have a nasty habit of swapping places every 750,000 years or so and right now were about 30,000 years overdue. Scientists have noted that the poles are drifting apart roughly 20-30kms each year, much faster than ever before, which points to a pole-shift being right around the corner. While the pole shift is underway, the magnetic field is disrupted and will eventually disappear, sometimes for up to 100 years. The result is enough UV outdoors to crisp your skin in seconds, killing everything it touches.
Sun Storms
On December 21, 2012 the plantery alignment of the earth, moon, sun, and galactic center of the Milky Way will occur. NASA agrees with the event occurring, yet it is unknown what the effects will be. Many different cultures from the past along with current scientific predictions give different explanations including the raising of frequency, solar flares, photons, and possible cataclysmic changes to the earth related to the 2012 Alignment.
Solar experts from around the world monitoring the sun have made a startling discovery that our sun is in a bit of strife. The energy output of the sun is, like most things in nature, cyclic, and its supposed to be in the middle of a period of relative stability. However, recent solar storms have been bombarding the Earth with so much radiation energy, its been knocking out power grids and destroying satellites. This activity is predicted to get worse, and calculations suggest itll reach its deadly peak sometime in 2012 So my conclusion is that, lets hope that all this wont affect us terribly so that well be able to tell our grandchildren that we were all dorky enough to sit and read all these stuff to make sure we live long !
Scientists in Europe have been building the worlds largest particle accelerator. Basically its a 27km tunnel designed to smash atoms together to find out what makes the Universe tick. However, the mega-gadget has caused serious concern, with some scientists suggesting that its properly even a bad idea to turn it on in the first place. Theyre predicting all manner of deadly results, including mini black holes. So when this machine is fired up for its first serious experiment in 2012, the world could be crushed into a super-dense blob -the size of a basketball.
-Sruti Srikanthan
English?!!
Quite a complicated language! Isnt it? Given below are the pictures which represent different forms of English words. Guess its class by the picture. For those who missed, English Language awaits you in Pg. no. 11 Rebus Puzzle 1 3 E.g.
Naturals, the name is synonymous today with beauty care and styling in India. With 114 salons dotting the busiest areas in South India and at -least 4 new branches getting operational Sindhu Balu, Final yr, ChemE every month, Naturals is acknowledged as the most happening chain of beauty care centers in India. From its modest beginnings a decade back, Naturals Beauty Salon has grown today to be acknowledged as the industry leader and trend setter for its innovations and uniquely successful operation and service formats. Unisex salon is a concept popularized by Naturals and has today become the fastest growing salon chain in the country.
An interview with C.K.Kumaravel , Co Founder and MD of NATURALS, who pioneered the concept of Unisex Salons in India and revolutionized the beauty and styling industry in our days.
- Sindhu Balu, Final Yr, ChemE
What is the platform for an entrepreneur to rise? CKK : When he finds a problem and when he believes that he can provide a solution to the problem. And the immediate reflex is , how to recognize the problem. When people are unhappy over a situation, you can find an opportunity over there. An entrepreneur is vigilant to his surroundings, to find his target audience. What made you venture into the 'beauty' industry? CKK:The middle class people were not much interested in grooming themselves. Also, the quality of the salons they were subjected to visit was not good. I personally felt that, they deserve more than that. So I wanted to give them a quality grooming experience which they can afford. Where was your first outlet started and why there? CKK:Naturals first outlet was started in Nungambakkam, where many other leading salons were located. I had a conviction that, if I succeed there, I could succeed anywhere. And I chose the franchise network, as it would lead to better branding, training and many more jobs.
Naturals have around 118 outlets today in south India, providing job opportunities for over 500000 people. What is the major cause for the steep rise of the beauty salons today? CKK:The answer lies just in a word. 'IT'. IT revolution have spurred all these changes. We are the support structure to them. We provide the avenues for people to spend!! Having your better half, as the CEO of Naturals, what is your stand on Women Entrepreneurship? CKK:Women entrepreneurship is synonymous to job creation. Given a framework, they give the best to THEM, FAMILY and SOCEITY. They are far intelligent and meticulous than us. Do you think a business background is needed to become an entrepreneur? CKK: I think you would know AMBHANI and NARAYANA MURTY! They answer you!!
Do you consider an MBA would aid an entrepreneur? CKK:Business is analogous to swimming and cycling. You cannot study it. Only practice it.
What do you like to say to our budding entrepreneurs? CKK:Just think! Why do you want to be rich? Good people should be rich or else you allow bad people to get rich. Enthusiasm and entrepreneurship are contagious. Live by 3 E'S! Education, Experience and Environment.
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An employee stops learning, once he gets a job. An entrepreneur starts learning, once he gets his job What books you like the young generation to devour?
CKK: I liked these books very much. The Magic of Thinking Big -David Schwartz The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People-Stephen R. Covey Listen to audio books while travelling, jogging, etc. That will help you a lot.
What is your word to our students? CKK: EACH Person can make a difference- Mahatma Gandhi ( Written in American Parliament)
Curious Mind!
WHO HAS GOT THE FISH AS PET? There are 5 houses in a row and they are in 5 different colours.In each house lives a person from a different country.Each person drinks a different drink,plays a certain sport and keeps a certain pet. No two people drink the same drink,play the same sport or keep the same pet. Clues: *The British lives in red house. *The Swede keeps dogs *The Dane drinks tea *The green house is on the left of the white house. *The green house owner drinks coffee *The person who plays polo rears birds *The owner of the yellow house plays hockey *The man living in the house right in the centre drinks milk. *The Norwegian lives in the first house *The man who plays baseball lives next to the man who keeps cats
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I have some pencils and some jars. If I put 4 pencils into each jar, I will have one jar left. If I put 3 pencils into each jar, I will have one pencil left. Find the number of pencils and jars. Solutions in pg. no. 14 -K.Shriram, Second Year,
Language Snacks!!
Confused still??
ChemE
Once I mispronounced a word and someone said that was a good malapropism. It took me some time to figure it out. That led me to write this article. Have a look at this and try to prevent the situation :D Some words are peculiar in English. It is to be seen that these words have been given a nomenclature!!
1. Anagram Cognate:
A word or phrase or name formed by rearranging the letters of another. Example: Eleven plus two is an anagram for Twelve plus One If the anagram created relates in some way to the original word or phrase it is known as Cognate. The example above given is a cognate!!!!
2. Spoonerisms
Spoonerisms are words or phrases in which letters or syllables get swapped. This happens accidentally in slips of the tongue (*tips of the slung) Example: Wave the sails (Save the whales) *Nickname for spoonerism
3. Oxymoron: 4.Pangrams:
A figure of speech or expressed idea in which apparently contradictory terms appear Example: Definite maybe These are sentences that use every letter of the alphabet. Probably everyone would have known one. Example: Pack my box with five dozen liquor jugs.
5. Malapropisms:
The mistaken use of a word in place of a similar sounding one is known as malapropisms. Example: My sister has extra-century perception. Instead of extra-sensory, extra-century has been used. This is different from spoonerisms.
The name tells the meaning. Example: Freshly fried flying fish Palindromes are words or phrases that read the same in both direction. Example: Race car SOLUTION TO MATH MAGIC!! 1. Basically it is solved as 2+3=5 *2=10 The two numbers are first added, and then the answer is multiplied by the first number to get the FINAL answer. 2. It is eight, as 2*3=6, then next number is 7, 2*7=14, next number is 15, 2*15=30
-Hemalatha.J
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Vortex formation!
When a free surface liquid vortex is formed, gas entrainment will occur and vapor or gas is pulled by the liquid surface to exit together with liquid via a nozzle or hole. This can cause some serious issues. The gurgling sound that you hear when water goes down the sink or water closet, is caused by the vortex formation and gas entrainment. In many houses plumbing vents are provided not only to exhaust sewage smell but also to equalize the pressure in the drain pipes so that the water can flow easily. I used to do this as a kid and tell my dad it was a magic trick: Dip a drinking straw into a glass of water. Cover the mouth end of the straw with a finger and pull the straw out, the water doesnt flow out. This is what happens if the air pressure is not equalized. Remove your finger and the water will flow.
We know that gas entrainment into the casing of a centrifugal pipe can cause cavitation. In any pipeline if there is a high pressure zone, the entrained gas can cause some serious equipment damage. Mostly if the pressure doesnt get equalized the water moves very slowly. So at an industrial scale in various processes those involve vapor-liquid contact, draining of the liquid can lead to vortex formation and hence, poor separation or excessive pressure drop. A simple device exists that breaks the vortex and its called the vortex breaker. I found a good image in Google and to understand the structure of the vortex breaker, you should remember some of the Engineering Graphics we learnt in the first semester
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Solar pond can be used as an energy source. A pipe is placed at the bottom of the pond and draws the warm/ hot water out of the pond by a pump and is circulated through a piping system that utilizes the heat. Once the water has run through the pipe it is deposited back into the pond in the storage zone so that, water can be heated again. Some operating solar ponds in the world : The Bhuj solar pond : The construction of the 6000 m2 pond started in 1987 at Kutch Dairy, is 100 m long and 60 m wide and has a depth of 3.5 m. It supplies process heat to the Kutch Dairy. The pond attained a record 99.8 C under stagnation. The El Paso Solar Pond: This is a research, development, and demonstration project initiated by the University of Texas at El Paso in 1983. It has operated since May 1986 and has successfully shown that process heat, electricity, and fresh water can be produced in the southwestern United States using solar pond technology.
The Pyramid Hill solar pond: It is a 3000 square metre solar pond located at the Pyramid Hill in northern Victoria to capture and store solar energy using pond water which can reach up to 80C
ADVANTAGES: Environmentally benign Produce electricity by using the hot water produced to spin a turbine which generates electricity. Helps in desalination since the top layer of water is fresh, potable water. Low cost. Aside from the labor costs of constructing a pond there are only few reoccurring costs to maintain pond.
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DRAWBACKS: Requires a large amount of land. Not the most efficient way of capturing the sun's heat and turning it into energy. Typically, only 30% of the sun's heat penetrates deeper than two feet in water. Once a solar pond is built, the productivity of a solar pond cannot be increased. Can lead to salt pollution of land and ground water if lining is not sealed properly. Inexpensive land, water and salt are essential for economic viability. On the upside, solar ponds can complement commercial electricity production. As the use of oil and coal for electrical and heat production faces more scrutiny, solar ponds will be a nice addition to the renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Research is now concentrated on reducing the costs and improving the performance of commercial solar ponds.
Solution to Curious Mind: 1.The German has the fish as pet 2.16 Pencils, 5 Jars
Math Magic !
1. If 2 + 3 = 10 7 + 2 = 63 6 + 5 = 66 8 + 4 = 96 Then: 9 + 7 = ????
2. Which one of the numbers does not belong in the following series? 2 - 3 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 14 - 15 - 30
3. If 5+3+2=151012, 9+2+4=183662, 8+6+3=482466, 5+4+5=202504, what will 7+2+5=?
Solutions on Pg.No. 11
WHO AM I?!
HUL Says We believe that helping society prosper and ensuring a sustainable future for the planet goes hand in hand with our goal of ensuring growth that is competitive, profitable, and sustainable for our organization
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Well, how can we forget the tagline Getting dirty is good which serves as a statement of reasoning for the kids for their mischief. Life has been made easy with its products ranging from nutrition & hygiene, personal care for hair, skin, culinary products, food stuffs which also include jellies, ice creams, sauces, jams etc. Their brands include Lifebuoy, Lux, Surf Excel, Rin, Wheel, Fair & Lovely, Pond's, Sunsilk, Clinic, Pepsodent, Close-up, Lakme, Brooke Bond, Kissan, Knorr, Annapurna, Kwality Wall's. The names of each of their products have their own significance as we can relate each of the names to the real life and their taglines add credibility to the products. These branded possessions like Fair&Lovely andFair&Handsome advertised by Ms. Asin and Mr. Charming, Surya has made many people feel good and beautiful about themselves emphasizing Men do care. Lakme, belonging to the cosmetic family performing its loyal duty of ornating ladies all over the world is part and parcel of HUL. Many of us would want a second person to pinch us. No challenge or risks, no fun or no money- a matter of fact, that keeps anyone tight lipped. The most challenging part of any FMCG believing in competition, is the perfect supply chain management. By this we are aware of the practicality and the indigestible fact gives us hiccups, if the retailers shelves are devoid of the manufacturers product, they are replaced with the competitors products.
There goes Now , excuse me, but you were late, I am not your better half to relieve you of a betrayal good bye sir!!! I am a business man. Who would want to be reminded Sir, we are into business!! The commencement of the project Shakti in 2001 in order to educate and employ the self help groups to be independent, where the Shakti ammas sell the HUL products where the unreachable are easily reached making their perspectives bigger, larger and greater. Lets call them Shakti Enterpreneurs HUL fights its way through the FMCG world competing with Colgate, Dabur, Emami, Godrej Consumer, Real, Marico, Gillette India, Bajaj Corp, Jyothy Labs, Amar Remedies etc. Whatever it is, every Indian will have his heart in atleast any one of their product!!
- Srividhya Final Year, ChemE
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Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Ltd (Orchid) was established in 1992 as a 100% Export Oriented Unit (EOU). Commencing operations in 1994, Orchid has achieved amazing and consistent growth, quantitatively and qualitatively to emerge among the Top-15 companies in the Indian pharmaceutical industry in a short span of fifteen years of operations. Orchid's growth and positioning in the global pharmaceutical industry are indeed distinctive. A robust leadership position in the antibiotics space, a core competence in oral and sterile manufacturing, a broad-based multitherapeutic coverage and an end-to-end connectivity over the pharmaceutical value chain, from discovery to delivery, have positioned Orchid uniquely. Orchid is a leader in the use of environment friendly technologies. Orchid has invested substantially in zero-discharge manufacturing processes at its facilities and is considered a national show-case in environmental friendliness. Vision Enriching Lives through Innovation in Healthcare Mission "Discovery to Delivery" Orchid is a vertically integrated pharmaceutical company with established research, manufacturing and marketing capabilities across multi-therapeutic domains. We successfully leverage our penchant for science and technology to create niche products and manufacturing platforms leading to attractive growth.
Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (CPCL) is a world class Refining Company with dominant presence in South India. CPCL, formerly known as CPCL plays the role of a Mother Industry supplying feed stocks to the neighboring industries in Manali. CPCLs products are marketed through IOCL. CPCLs products are mostly consumed domestically except Naphtha, Fuel Oil and Lubes which are partly exported. CPCL has also made pioneering efforts in the field of Energy and Water Conservation by setting up a Wind Farm and Sewage Reclamation and Sea Water Desalination Plants.
The multi-business corporate group SRF with head quarters in Gurgaon, India has over the years expanded its footprints beyond the national Today it enjoy the status of a global entity with operations in four countries; eight manufacturing plant locations in India and one each in UAE, Thailand and South Africa. The market leader in most of its businesses in its home market in India, SRF is the world's 2nd largest manufacturer of both the Nylon 6 tyre cord as well as the belting fabrics. SRF strives to ensure faster integration of people, procedures and practices across global entities to build synergies and create value for its stakeholders.
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