History of USSR – for those those who think Muslims are the only conquerers in History

A geographical View:
Historical References:

BALTIC STATES: Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania

• Baltic States consist on the states of Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania.

• The term BLATIC comes the sea of BALTIC.
• After the Livonian War in the 16th century, the Confederation ceased to exist, and its lands were
incorporated into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
• In 1621 most of the Duchy of Livonia was incorporated into the Swedish empire.
• During the Great Northern War the Dominions of Sweden of Swedish Estonia and Swedish Livonia were
conquered by Russia and then ceded by Sweden in the Treaty of Nystad in 1721.

• The Russian Empire gained control of most of the present-day Baltic States in the 18th century when
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was partitioned in three stages by the Russian Empire, the
Kingdom of Prussia, and the Habsburg Monarchy, while western parts of Lithuania were incorporated
into Prussia.

• Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania became sovereign nations in the aftermath of World War I.
• They declared independence in 1918, fought independence wars against German Freikorps and
Bolshevist Russia, and were recognized as independent countries in 1920.

• Following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact pact of 1939, the Soviet Army entered eastern Poland as
well as military bases in the Baltic states which were granted after USSR had threatened the three
countries with military invasion.
• In June 1940, the Red Army occupied the whole territory of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and
installed new, pro-Soviet governments in all three countries.
• In Aug 1940 , following rigged elections, in which only pro-communist candidates were allowed to
run, the newly "elected" parliaments of the three countries formally applied to "join" the USSR and
were annexed into it as the Estonian SSR, the Latvian SSR, and the Lithuanian SSR.

• The Soviet control of the Baltic States was interrupted by Nazi German invasion of the region in 1941.
The German occupation lasted until late 1944 (in Courtland, until early 1945), when the countries were re-
occupied by the Red Army.
• In all three countries, Baltic partisans, known colloquially as the Forest Brothers, waged unsuccessful
guerrilla warfare against the Soviet occupation for the next eight years in a bid to regain their nations'
independence.

• In the late 1980s massive demonstrations against the Soviet regime, known as the Singing revolution
began.
• One of the most noted protests took place on August 23, 1989, when approximately two million people
joined their hands to form a 600-kilometer human chain across the three countries in the event
known as the Baltic Way.

• The three Baltic nations re-declared their independence in 1990 and 1991, and their independence
was recognized by the Soviet Union on September 6, 1991.
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic

• In March 12, 1922, under heavy pressure from Moscow, the leaders of Azerbaijan, Armenian,
and Georgian Soviet Socialist Republics established a union known as the Transcaucasian SFSR.
• This was the first attempt at a union of Soviet republics, preceding the USSR.
• The Union Council of TSFSR consisted of the representatives of the three republics - Nariman
Narimanov (Azerbaijan), Polikarp Mdivani (Georgia), and Aleksandr Fyodorovich Miasnikyan
(Armenia).
• In December 1922, again under pressure from Moscow, TSFSR agreed to join the union with
Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, thus creating Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which would last until
1991.
• The TSFSR, however, did not last long. In December 1936, the Transcaucasian Union was finally
dismantled when the leaders in the Union Council found themselves unable to come to agreement
over several issues.
• Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia then became union Republics of the Soviet Union directly.
• On 30th Aug 1991, Armenia was declareed independent state from USSR.

Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

• In September 1939, the Soviet Union annexed the Polish-held West Belarus during the 1939
invasion of Poland and incorporated it into the BSSR.
• After World War II, the Byelorussian SSR was given a seat in the United Nations General Assembly
together with the Soviet Union and Ukrainian SSR, becoming one of the founding members of the
UN.

• Following the August Coup, the Supreme Soviet of Belarus declared independence from the Soviet
Union on 25 August 1991. The republic was renamed the Republic of Belarus on 19 September
1991.
• On 8 December 1991 it was a signatory, along with Russia and Ukraine, of the Belavezha Accords,
which replaced the Soviet Union with the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

Captured by USSR on 25th Feb 1921

Librated on 30th Aug 1991

Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

Established on August 26, 1920, it was initially called Kirghiz ASSR (Kirghiz Autonomous Soviet Socialist
Republic) and was a part of the Russian SFSR.
On April 15-19, 1925, it was renamed Kazakh ASSR
On December 5, 1936 it became a Union Republic of the USSR called Kazakh SSR in the culminating act
of the national delimitation in the Soviet Union.
In the 1930s, Kazakh SSR did not escape the damage of the Stalinist repressions and forced
collectivization that killed large numbers of peasants by famine.
The Russian policymakers had an intent to weaken the sense of Kazakh national identity and solidify the
Soviet doctrine, and routinely targeted prominent members of Kazakh culture.
Thousands of members of Kazakh elite ("intelligentscia") have been deemed "unacceptably nationalistic or
un-soviet" and were massacred, incarcerated or sent to prison mines in Siberia.
The total number of Kazakh SSR victims of Stalinist Repressions during this period is estimated at least
100 000, with 25 000 of them classified as "executed".
During the 1950s and 1960s Soviet citizens were urged to settle in the "Virgin Lands" of the Kazakh Soviet
Socialist Republic.
The influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some forcibly resettled ethnic minorities) skewed the
ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives.
As a result, the use of Kazakh language has declined but has started to pick up again after the
independence.
On December 10, 1991 Kazakh was liberated and Kazakh SSR was renamed into Republic of
Kazakhstan and six days later became independent.

Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

• The Soviet Union set up an autonomous Moldavian ASSR on October 12, 1924 as a part of the
Ukrainian SSR
• The old Moldavian ASSR was dismantled and the Moldavian SSR was organized on August 2, 1940
• In the summer of 1941, Romania joined Hitler's Axis in the invasion of the Soviet Union with the
declared goal to recover Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. By the end of World War II the Soviet
Union re-conquered the same territory, and reconstituted the Moldavian SSR.

Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

• Captured by the USSR on 14th October 1924

• Libreated on 9th Sep 1991

Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

• In October 1924, when Central Asia was divided into distinct political entities, the Trans-Caspian
District and Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic became the
Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic.
• Beginning in the 1930s, Moscow kept the republic under firm control.
• When other constituent republics of the Soviet Union advanced claims to sovereignty in 1988 and
1989, Turkmenistan's leadership also began to criticize Moscow's economic and political policies as
exploitative and detrimental to the well-being and pride of the Turkmen. By a unanimous vote of its
Supreme Soviet, Turkmenistan declared its sovereignty in August 1990.

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

• Captured on 30th Dec 1922

• Liberated in 24th Aug 1991

Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

• Captured by USSR on 13th May 1925

• Libretaed from USSR on 1st Sep 1991

Main Points:
• In 1979, the Afghan People initiated Afghan Jihad.
• In 1988/89 Afghan Jihad was resulted in dissolving of the Russian Empire.
• The wave of liberation was initiated after Afghan Jihad was initiated and ended with the end of
Soviest Union.
• So we can say that, Afghan Jihad was the starting point for these countries libreation.