Abstract

In recent years, Korean literature has become increasingly popular and

recognized worldwide. It has had a major impact on storytelling across
different forms of media, such as novels, films, and television dramas. This
paper looks into how Korean literature has influenced global storytelling
by examining its themes, narrative techniques, and cultural aspects. It
explores the influence of traditional Korean folktales, as well as modern
literature, to understand how these stories connect with people from
different cultures. Contemporary works like *The Vegetarian* by Han Kang
and *Please Look After Mom* by Shin Kyung-sook are also discussed in this
research. These works show how Korean literature’s unique style and deep
themes have captured the attention of readers and audiences around the
world. By focusing on these different aspects of Korean literature, the
paper demonstrates how it has resonated with global audiences and
contributed to shaping international storytelling.

### Introduction

Korean literature has a long history that reflects the country’s rich cultural
heritage and past struggles. Over the centuries, it has changed and
grown, becoming an important part of global storytelling. Many Korean
stories are influenced by Confucian values, which emphasize respect for
family, moral responsibility, and personal sacrifice. These themes are
deeply woven into Korean literature, making the stories not only
meaningful for Korean readers but also relatable to people around the
world.

Korean literature has played a major role in shaping different kinds of

storytelling, from traditional folktales and classic novels to modern books
and films. Many Korean writers focus on themes such as identity, family
relationships, personal hardships, and societal expectations. These
themes often appear in other forms of media, such as movies and
television dramas, which are sometimes based on books. In recent years,
Korean films and dramas have gained international attention, helping to
introduce more people to the depth and beauty of Korean literature.
With the rising popularity of Korean storytelling worldwide, it is important
to explore how Korean literature has influenced global storytelling. This
study will look at how Korean literature has shaped international
narratives through its themes, writing styles, and character development.
By examining both traditional and modern works, this research aims to
show how Korean stories continue to impact readers and audiences
around the world.

History Of Korean Literature

Korean literature is the body of literature produced by Koreans, mostly in

the Korean language and sometimes in Classical Chinese. For much of
Korea’s 1,500 years of literary history, it was written in Hanja. It is
commonly divided into classical and modern periods, although this
distinction is sometimes unclear.

There are four major traditional poetic forms: hyangga (“native songs”);
byeolgok (“special songs”), or changga (“long poems”); sijo (“current
melodies”); and gasa (“verses”). Other poetic forms that flourished briefly
include the kyonggi-style, in the 14th and 15th centuries, and the akchang
(“words for songs”) in the 15th century. The most representative akchang
is Yongbi och’on ka (1445–47; Songs of Flying Dragons), a cycle compiled
in praise of the founding of the Yi dynasty. Korean poetry originally was
meant to be sung, and its forms and styles reflect its melodic origins. The
basis of its prosody is a line of alternating groups of three or four syllables,
which is probably the most natural rhythm to the language.

One famous earliest poetry or lyric song was the Gonghuin (Konghu-in) by
Yeo-ok during Gojoseon.

Chinese Influence On Korean Literature

Although Korea has had its own language for several thousand years, it
has had a writing system only since the mid-15 th century, when Hangul
was invented. As a result, early literary activity was in Chinese characters.
Korean scholars were writing poetry in the traditional manner of Classical
Chinese at least by the 4th century ce. A national academy was
established shortly after the founding of the Unified Silla dynasty (668–
935), and, from the time of the institution of civil service examinations in
the mid-10th century until their abolition in 1894, every educated Korean
read the Confucian Classics and Chinese histories and literature. The
Korean upper classes were therefore bilingual in a special sense: they
spoke Korean but wrote in Chinese.

By the 7th century a system, called idu, had been devised that allowed
Koreans to make rough transliterations of Chinese texts. Eventually,
certain Chinese characters were used for their phonetic value to represent
Korean particles of speech and inflectional endings. A more extended
system of transcription, called hyangch’al, followed shortly thereafter, in
which entire sentences in Korean could be written in Chinese. In another
system, kugyŏl, abridged versions of Chinese characters were used to
denote grammatical elements and were inserted into texts during
transcription. Extant literary works indicate, however, that before the 20 th
century much of Korean literature was written in Chinese rather than in
Korean, even after the invention of Hangul.

In general, then, literature written in Korea falls into three categories:

works written in the early transcription systems, those written in Hangul,
and those written in Chinese.

Key points about Chinese influence on Korean literature:

Writing system:

Before the invention of Hangul in the 15th century, Korean literature was
primarily written using Chinese characters (Hanja), which meant that
Korean writers often adopted Chinese literary forms and structures.

“Hanmunhak”:

This term refers to Korean literature written in Classical Chinese, which

was prevalent for a long time and heavily influenced the early
development of Korean literary styles.

Themes and philosophies:

Confucianism, a major Chinese philosophical system, significantly
impacted Korean literature, often appearing in themes related to social
hierarchy, filial piety, and ethical conduct.

Literary genres:

Chinese literary forms like poetry, historical narratives, and philosophical

essays were adapted and incorporated into Korean literature.

Adaptation and evolution:

While heavily influenced by Chinese literature, Korean writers gradually

developed their own distinctive voice and style, incorporating Korean
cultural elements and adapting Chinese literary forms to suit Korean
contexts.

Examples of Chinese influence in Korean literature:

Early Korean poets:

Many prominent early Korean poets, like Choi Chi-won, wrote primarily in
Classical Chinese, showcasing strong Chinese literary influence.

“Hyangga” poetry:

While considered a distinct Korean poetic form, “Hyangga” poems from

the Silla dynasty still show traces of Chinese style and themes.

“Gugyeol” system:

This system used modified Chinese characters to represent Korean

grammatical elements, demonstrating how Koreans attempted to adapt
Chinese writing to their language.

### 2. Thematic Influence of Korean Literature

One of the most important and unique aspects of Korean literature is its
deep emotional and thoughtful themes. Many Korean stories focus on
human emotions, personal struggles, and social expectations, making
them powerful and relatable to people from different cultures. These
themes are not only important in Korean books but have also influenced
storytelling in other countries. Writers from around the world have been
inspired by Korean literature’s way of exploring deep feelings, human
relationships, and the challenges people face in life.
Korean literature often tells stories that focus on real-life experiences,
such as family relationships, personal growth, and the sacrifices people
make for their loved ones. These themes have helped Korean literature
gain international recognition, as they connect with readers on an
emotional level. Many Korean novels have been translated into different
languages, allowing people from various backgrounds to experience and
appreciate the richness of these stories.

### 2.1. Identity, Family, and Sacrifice

One of the most common themes in Korean literature is the importance of

identity, family, and sacrifice. Many Korean stories explore the
relationships between family members and the struggles individuals go
through to fulfill their duties and responsibilities. These themes are often
emotional and thought-provoking, making them powerful for readers
around the world.

A great example of this theme is the novel *Please Look After Mom* by
Shin Kyung-sook. This book tells the heartbreaking story of a mother who
goes missing and how her family realizes too late how much she sacrificed
for them. Through the perspectives of different family members, the novel
explores feelings of love, regret, and appreciation for parents. The book
deeply touches on the universal theme of family bonds, making it
relatable to readers from different cultures.

Because of its powerful message and emotional depth, *Please Look After
Mom* has been translated into multiple languages, allowing people from
different parts of the world to connect with its story. The novel has also
been adapted into other storytelling formats, such as plays and
discussions in international literature circles. Its influence can be seen in
family dramas worldwide, as many writers and filmmakers have been
inspired by its touching portrayal of love, loss, and sacrifice.

This strong focus on identity, family, and sacrifice in Korean literature has
helped shape global storytelling, encouraging writers from different
cultures to explore these themes in their own works. As a result, Korean
literature continues to leave a lasting impact on the way stories about
family and personal struggles are told around the world.

### 2.2. Psychological Depth and Social Critique

Korean literature is well known for exploring the deep emotions and
thoughts of its characters. Many Korean writers focus on the psychological
struggles of individuals, showing how their minds are affected by personal
experiences, social expectations, and inner conflicts. These stories often
highlight the emotional pain and mental challenges that people go
through in their daily lives. Because of this, Korean literature has
influenced psychological dramas and novels worldwide, inspiring other
writers to explore the human mind in a deeper way.

Another important aspect of Korean literature is its social critique. Many

Korean stories not only focus on the personal struggles of characters but
also question and criticize society. Writers often use their stories to
discuss serious topics such as gender roles, family pressure, mental
health, and personal freedom. These themes make Korean literature
powerful and thought-provoking, allowing readers to reflect on their own
lives and societies.

A well-known example of psychological depth and social critique in Korean

literature is *The Vegetarian* by Han Kang. This novel tells the story of a
woman named Yeong-hye, who, after experiencing disturbing dreams,
suddenly decides to stop eating meat. Her decision confuses and upsets
her family, and as the story unfolds, readers see how her choice leads to
extreme changes in her mental and emotional state. The novel deeply
explores themes of mental illness, personal transformation, and the
struggle against societal norms.

*The Vegetarian* does not just focus on one character’s personal

struggles—it also serves as a critique of society. It raises important
questions about how people are expected to behave, the pressure to
conform to social rules, and how individuals who make different choices
are treated. The novel highlights the emotional pain of a woman who
refuses to live the way others expect her to, showing the psychological
effects of strict societal expectations.
The novel’s success on the international stage, winning the Man Booker
International Prize, has helped introduce Korean literature to a wider
audience. Many Western authors and filmmakers have been influenced by
its themes, leading to an increase in stories that explore psychological
transformation and rebellion against social norms. The novel has also
encouraged discussions about mental health and individual freedom,
which are important issues in many cultures.

Because of books like *The Vegetarian*, Korean literature has played a

major role in shaping global storytelling. More writers around the world are
now exploring deep psychological themes and questioning social norms in
their own works. This influence has helped create more diverse and
meaningful stories, showing how Korean literature continues to leave a
lasting impact on global narratives.

### 2.3. Traditional Folktales in Modern Storytelling

Korean literature is deeply connected to its traditional folktales and myths,

which have been passed down for generations. These folktales often carry
important lessons, reflect cultural values, and explore themes such as
fate, morality, and supernatural beings. Over the years, many modern
Korean stories have drawn inspiration from these traditional tales,
blending ancient myths with new storytelling techniques. This has helped
Korean literature and media stand out in the international fantasy and
horror genres, influencing writers and creators around the world.

One of the most famous figures in Korean folktales is the *gumiho*, or

nine-tailed fox. In traditional Korean mythology, the *gumiho* is a mystical
creature that can transform into a beautiful woman. Some stories describe
the *gumiho* as a kind and gentle being, while others portray it as a
dangerous creature that tricks humans and consumes their hearts or
livers. This dual nature—both enchanting and deadly—has made the
*gumiho* a fascinating character in many modern stories.

In recent years, the *gumiho* legend has appeared in various Korean

books, dramas, and films, often reimagined to fit contemporary
storytelling. Korean fantasy and horror stories frequently use the *gumiho*
as a central character, exploring themes of love, revenge, transformation,
and identity. The legend’s mysterious and supernatural elements have
made it a popular subject in the global entertainment industry.

The influence of the *gumiho* legend is not limited to Korean media.

International audiences have been introduced to this mythical creature
through adaptations and inspirations seen in Hollywood films, anime, and
other fantasy stories. Similar nine-tailed fox characters appear in Japanese
anime, such as *Naruto*, where the *Kyūbi* (nine-tailed fox spirit) plays a
significant role. Western fantasy stories have also incorporated elements
of the *gumiho*, creating characters that share its mystical and shape-
shifting traits.

Beyond the *gumiho*, many other Korean folktales have influenced global
storytelling. Stories of *dokkaebi* (Korean goblins), ghosts, and legendary
warriors have inspired horror and fantasy creators worldwide. Korean
dramas and films often retell these folktales with modern twists, making
them more relatable to contemporary audiences while keeping the core
essence of the original stories. The international success of Korean fantasy
and horror films, such as *The Wailing* and *Train to Busan*, shows how
traditional folklore continues to shape modern storytelling.

By blending traditional myths with modern narratives, Korean literature

and media have introduced the world to unique supernatural elements
and cultural storytelling traditions. This has encouraged global writers,
filmmakers, and artists to incorporate similar mythical beings and folktale-
inspired themes in their own works. As a result, Korean folklore continues
to influence the fantasy and horror genres worldwide, proving that ancient
stories still have the power to captivate and inspire audiences today.

### 4. The Impact of Korean Literature on Global Cinema and Media

Korean literature has played a major role in shaping global cinema and
media. Many Korean stories have been adapted into films and television
dramas, bringing the themes, characters, and storytelling styles of Korean
literature to a wider audience. These adaptations help introduce the depth
and richness of Korean storytelling to people around the world, allowing
them to experience the emotions, conflicts, and cultural elements that
make Korean literature unique.

In recent years, the success of Korean films and dramas has led to more
international interest in the country’s literary works. Many filmmakers
have taken inspiration from Korean novels, either by directly adapting
them into films or by incorporating the themes and storytelling techniques
found in Korean literature. These adaptations have had a significant
impact on global media, influencing storytelling in both Western and Asian
cinema.

### 4.1. Korean Literature Adaptations in Film and TV

Many well-known global films and television series have been adapted
from Korean novels. These adaptations not only introduce Korean
literature to international audiences but also showcase the unique way
Korean storytelling blends deep emotions, psychological complexity, and
social critique.

One famous example of a Korean literature adaptation is *The

Handmaiden* (2016), directed by Park Chan-wook. This film is based on
the novel *Fingersmith* by British author Sarah Waters, but it has been
transformed with a distinct Korean storytelling style. The setting of the
story was changed from Victorian England to 1930s Korea, during the
Japanese colonial period. This shift added a new cultural and historical
layer to the story, making it deeply connected to Korean history and
themes of oppression, identity, and resistance. The film successfully
blends elements of psychological drama, romance, and suspense, making
it a powerful example of how Korean filmmakers adapt literature in a
unique and impactful way.

Another major example is *Parasite* (2019), directed by Bong Joon-ho.

Although *Parasite* is not directly based on a novel, it follows many of the
themes commonly explored in Korean literature, particularly social
critique. The film tells the story of a poor family that infiltrates the
household of a wealthy family, leading to unexpected and dark
consequences. This theme of class struggle and inequality is something
often seen in Korean novels, where stories frequently highlight the divide
between the rich and the poor, as well as the harsh realities of society.
*Parasite* became an international phenomenon, winning the Academy
Award for Best Picture and proving that Korean storytelling resonates with
audiences worldwide.

These adaptations show how Korean literature and storytelling techniques

have influenced global cinema. By taking themes of psychological depth,
class struggle, and emotional complexity, Korean filmmakers create
stories that connect with people across different cultures. Many
international filmmakers have also been inspired by the way Korean
stories build tension, develop characters, and explore social issues in a
deep and meaningful way.

As Korean literature continues to gain recognition worldwide, more

adaptations are expected to bring these powerful stories to the big screen.
This trend not only helps Korean literature reach a global audience but
also enriches international cinema by introducing fresh storytelling
perspectives and cultural themes. Through these adaptations, Korean
literature continues to shape and influence the global entertainment
industry, proving the lasting impact of its unique narratives.

4.2. Korean Web Novels and Their Global Reach

Korean web novels and webtoons have become very popular worldwide,
changing the way stories are written and enjoyed in digital literature.
These online stories are usually published in short, exciting chapters that
keep readers engaged, making them easy to binge-read. Because of their
unique storytelling style and creative plots, Korean web novels have
influenced writers and readers across the world, leading to the rise of
similar storytelling trends in other countries.

One of the biggest reasons for the success of Korean web novels is their
accessibility. Unlike traditional books, web novels are published online and
updated regularly, allowing readers to follow the story in real time. Many
people enjoy reading web novels on their smartphones or computers,
making them a convenient and entertaining way to experience stories.
This has led to a huge demand for web novels on digital platforms, both in
Korea and internationally.

Webtoons, which are digital comics based on web novels, have also
played a major role in spreading Korean storytelling to a global audience.
Platforms like Webtoon, KakaoPage, and Naver Webtoon offer a wide
variety of web novels and webtoons in different genres, including
romance, fantasy, horror, and action. Some of the most famous webtoons,
such as *Solo Leveling* and *True Beauty*, started as web novels before
being adapted into digital comics and later into dramas or anime. Their
success has inspired many international creators to experiment with
similar storytelling formats.

The influence of Korean web novels can be seen on global platforms like
Wattpad, Radish, and Tapas, where serialized storytelling has become
extremely popular. Many international writers now follow the Korean style
of releasing stories in episodes, keeping readers excited for each new
update. Additionally, themes commonly found in Korean web novels, such
as reincarnation, system-based fantasy, and strong female leads, have
started appearing in web novels from other countries.

Because of their global reach, many Korean web novels are now being
translated into different languages, allowing more people to enjoy them.
Some have even been adapted into TV dramas, anime, and movies,
proving their strong influence on the entertainment industry. As the
popularity of digital literature continues to grow, Korean web novels will
likely continue shaping the future of storytelling worldwide.

### 5. Conclusion

Korean literature has had a big impact on storytelling around the world. Its
themes, such as family, identity, and deep emotions, have influenced
many books, movies, and web novels. The way Korean stories are told,
with unique structures and strong characters, has also inspired writers and
filmmakers globally. Many Korean books have been adapted into films,
dramas, and webtoons, making them even more popular worldwide.
Because of the success of Korean authors and their works, more people
have learned about Korean culture and storytelling styles. As interest in
Korean literature continues to grow, its influence on global storytelling will
become even stronger in the future.

References

1. Han Kang, The Vegetarian, Portobello Books, 2016.

2. Shin Kyung-sook, Please Look After Mom, Vintage, 2011.

3. Cho Nam-joo, Kim Ji-young, Born 1982, Scribner, 2020.

4. Various sources on Korean literature and its adaptations in media.