Nguyn Sn nh n my cng

c

Li ni u

Mt trong nhng ni dung c bit quan trng ca cuc cch mng khoa hc k
thut trn ton cu ni chung v vi s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t
n-c ta ni ring hin nay l vit c kh ho v t ng ho qu trnh sn xut.
N nhm tng nng xut lao ng v pht trin nn kinh t quc dn. Trong
cng nghip ch to my cng c v thit b ng vai tr then cht . p ng
nhu cu ny, i i vi cng vic nghin cu,thit k nng cp my cng c l
trang b y nhng kin thc su rng v my cng c v trang thit b c
kh cng nh- kh nng p dng l lun khoa hc thc tin sn xut cho i ng
cn b khoa hc k thut l khng th thiu -c. Vi nhng kin thc -c
trang b, s h-ng dn nhit tnh ca cc thy gio cng nh- s c gng cu bn
thn. n naynhim v n my cng c -c giao c bn em hon thnh.
Trong ton b qu trnh tnh ton thit k my mi " My tin ren vt vn nng "c
th nhiu hn ch. Rt mong -c s ch bo ca cc thy gio v cng s.
Phn tnh ton thit k my mi gm cc ni dung sau:
Ch-ng I : Nghin cu my t-ng t -chn my chun
Ch-ng II :Thit k my mi
Ch-ng III : Tnh ton sc bn chi tit my
Ch-ng IV :Thit k h thng iu khin










Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c



Ch-ng I : Nghin cu tnh nng k thut ca mt s my cng loi chn my
chun

Cc my tin T620 - 1k62 - T616. C cc c tnh k thut:
c tnh k thut Loi my
T620 1A62 T616
Chiu cao tm my (mm)
Khong cch 2mi tm (mm)
-ng knh vt gia cng D
max
(mm)
S cp tc (z)
S vng quay:n
min
4n
max
(vng/pht)
L-ng chy dao dc (mm)
L-ng chy dao ngang (mm)
Cng sut ng c (kw)
Lc chy dao ln nht
P
xmax
(N)
P
ymax
(N)
Kh nng ct ren
Ren quc t (t
p
)
Ren mouyn (m)
Ren anh (n)
Ren pitch (D
p
)

200
1400
400
23
12,542000
0,0744,16
0,03542,0
10

3530
5400

14192
0,5448
2442
9641

200
1500
400
21
11,541200
0,08241,59
0,02740,527

3430
5400

160
700
320
12
4441980
0,0641,07
0,0440,78
4,5

3000
8100

Nhn xt : So snh ti thit k vi cc my trn ta thy my tin ren vt vn
nng T620 c cc c tnh t-ng t . Vy ta my T620 lm my chun cho vic
thit k my m .
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

II-phn tch my chun -my tin ren vt vn nng T620
1.S ng hc my
a. Xch tc :
- Xch ni t ng c in cng sut N=10 kw s vng quay n=1450 vg/ph, qua
b truyn ai vo hp tc lm quay trc chnh (VII)
- L-ng di ng tnh ton 2 u xch l : n
c
4n
tc
.Xch tc c -ng quay
v -ng quay nghch. Mi -ng truyn khi ti trc chnh b tch ra lm
-ng truyn
- -ng truyn trc tip ti trc chnh cho ta tc cao
- -ngtruyn tc thp i t trc IV-V-VI-VII
Ph-ng trnh xch ng biu th kh nng bin i tc ca my


34
56

47
29

88
22
V
88
22
VI
54
27


45
45

45
45

1450(vg/ph).
260
145
II III
55
21
IV
tc


39
51

38
38

43
65

T ph-ng trnh trn ta thy:
--ng tc cao vng quay thun c 6 cp tc
2x3x1= 6
--ng tc thp vng quay thun c 24 cp tc
2x3x2x2x1= 24
Thc t -ng truyn tc thp vng quay thun ch c 18 tc ,v gia
trc IV v
trc VI c khi bnh rng di tr-t hai bc c kh nng cho ta 4 t s truyn
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c


88
22

88
22

IV V VI

45
45

45
45

Nhn vo ph-ng trnh thc t ch c 3 t s truyn 1,
4
1
,
16
1

Nh- vy -ng truyn tc thp vng quay thun cn 18 tc 2x3x3x1= 18
Vy -ng truyn thun c 18+6=24 tc
Bao gm: tc thp t n
1
4n
18

tc cao t n
19
4n
24
V mt ln ta thy n
18
=n
19
.vy trn thc tees ch c 23 tc khc nhau
Cc t s truyn 1,
4
1
,
16
1
to nn i
ki
dng ct ren khuch i
b.Xch chy dao ct ren
my tin ren vt vn nng T620 c kh nng ct 4 loi ren :
Ren quc t (t
p
)
Ren mouyn (m)
Ren anh (n)
Ren pitch (D
p
)
Khi ct ren tiu chun xch truyn t trc VII xung trc VIII v trc IX qua cp
bnh
rng thay th vo hp dao v trc vt me
- L-ng di ng tnh ton 2 u xch l :
Mt vng trc chnh - cho tin -c mt b-c ren t
p
(mm)
ct -c 4 loi ren my c 4 kh nng iu khin sau:
+ C cu bnh rng thay th qua trc IX v trc X m nhn 2 kh nng (dng
cp bnh rng
97
64
v
50
42
)
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

i c
tt i
cs i
gbi i

+ B bnh rng noctng ch ng chuyn ng t trc IX qua C
2
ti trc X lm
quay khi bnh rng hnh thp xung trc XI qua C
3
ti trc XII n trc XIV ti trc
vt me
+ Noctng b ng chuyn ng t trc X thng qua C
2
m i t cp bnh
rng
36
28
ti trc XI v 28-25-36 bnh rng hnh thp XII qua bnh rng 35 (khng
truyn qua trc XV) xung d-i 18-28-35-XIII tip tc truyn qua XIV-XV ti vt
me
+ ct -c nhiu ren khc nhau trong cng mt loai ren trong hp chy dao
ca my dng khi bnh rng hnh thp 7 bc v 2 khi bng rng di tr-t
- khi ct ren tri trc chnh gi nguyn chiu quay c cn i chiu chy dao
ng-c li trong xch c c cu i chiu ni gia trc VIII v IX ti bnh rng
m 28
L-c cu trc ng hc hp chy dao








T cu trc ng hc xch chy dao trn ta c ph-ng trnh tng qut ct ren nh-
sau:
1vng trc chnh x i
c nh
x i
thay th
x i
c s
x i
gp bi
x t
v
= t
p

- Khi ct ren quc t (dng cho cc mi ghp)
- l-ng di ng tnh ton : 1vng trc chnh [ t
p
(mm)
- bnh rng thay th
50
42
, bnh noctng ch ng
- Khi ct ren anh
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

- l-ng di ng tnh ton : 1vng trc chnh [ 25,4/n (mm)
Trong n: s vng quay trn 1 tt anh
bnh rng thay th
50
42
, con -ng 2bnh noctng ch ng
Ph-ng trnh ct ren anh
1vgtc (VII)
60
60
(VIII)
42
42
IX
50
42
X
38
35
.
35
28
XI
25
28
.
n
z
36
XII
28
35
35
28
XIII.i
gb
.XV.t
v
=t
p

- khi ct ren muyn: (Dng cho truyn ng)
- L-ng di ng tnh tan 1vgtc [ mt (mm)
- Bnh rng thay th
97
64
, con -ng 1 noctng ch ng

- Ph-ng trnh xch ng
1vgtc (VII)
60
60
(VIII)
42
42
IX
97
64
X C
2
36
n
z
.
28
25
XI C
3
XII.i
gb
.XV.12=t
p
- khi ct ren pitch:
- L-ng di ng tnh tan 1vgtc [ 25,4.t/D
p
(mm)
- Bnh rng thay th
97
64
, con -ng 1 noctng ch ng
- Chy dao dc : T trc bnh vt 28 (trc XVII ) qua cp bnh rng 14/60 (bnh
rng 60 lng khng) ng ly hp bnh rng thanh rng t=10 (m=3)xe dao chy
dc h-ng vo mm cp (chy thun)khi chy dao li -ng truyn t trc XVIII
xung ly hp qua bnh rng m 38 ti bnh rng 14/60 ti cp bnh rng thanh
rng 14/60lm bnh xe dao chy li
- Chy dao ngang : -ng truyn ging nh- chy dao dc truyn theo na bn
phi hp chy dao ti vt me ngang t=5 (mm)
- Chy dao nhanh : My c ng c in chy dao nhanh N=1 kw, n =1410
vg/ph trc tip lm quay nhanh trc trn XVI
c. Mt s c cu c bit :
+ C cu ly hp siu vit : Trong xch chy dao nhanh v ng c chnh u
truyn ti c cu chp hnh l trc trn bng hai -ng truyen khc nhau. Nn
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

nu khng c ly hp siu vit truyn ng s lm xon v gy trc. C cu ly
hp siu vit-c dng trong nhnh tr-ng hp khi my chy dao nhanh v khi
o chiu quay cu trc chnh
+ C cu ai c m i : vt me truyn ng cho 2 m ai c m i ti hp
xe dao . Khi quay tay quay lm a quay cht gn cng vi 2 m s tr-t theo
rnh n khp vi vt me
+ C cu an ton trong hp chy dao nhm m bo khi lm vic qu ti ,
-c t trong xch chy dao (tin trn)n t ngt truyn ng kh my qu ti
.
2-V l-i vng quay
a .Tnh tr s
Tnh cng bi theo cng thc = 1
min
max
z
n
n

Ta c = z-1 2000/12,5 = 1,26

a. Tnh tr s vng quay cu trc u tin ca hp tc
+ Trn trc II : n
II
= n
c
x i
t
= 1450 x
260
145
=803 (vg/ph)
+ Trn trc VII : Cn c vo n
min
tra bng vng quay tiu chun ta c 23 tc :
12,5-16-20-25-31,5-40-50-63-80-100-125-160-200-250-310-400-500-630-800
1000-1250-1600-2000
+ Xc nh v tr t n
o
trn th vng quay :
n
o
= n
II
= 803 ~ 800 =n
19

+ Xc nh xin ca cc nhm truyn theo cng thc i=
x
vi = 1,26
Nhm truyn th nht c hai t s truyn :
i
1
=
34
56
=1,26
x
x=1,26 ~ 1
Tia i
1
lch sang phi 2 khong log:
L-ng m gia hai tia | | x :
x
= i
1
/i
2
=
2
/ = =
x
| | x = 1
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

Nhm truyn th 2 (t trc II ti trc III) c 3 t s truyn
i
3
=
41
29
i
4
=
55
21
i
5
=
38
38

T-ng t nh- cch lm nhm truyn 1 ta c :
X
3
= -1,56 ~ -2 Tia i
3
lch sang tri 2 khong log
X
4
= -4,16 ~ -4 Tia i
4
lch sang tri 4 khong log
X
5
=1 Tia i
5
thng ng
L-ng m | | x = | | 2 ng vi nhm truyn khuch i:
Nhm truyn th 3 (t trc III ti trc IV) c 2 t s truyn
i
6
=
88
22
i
7
=
45
45

X
6
= -6 Tia i
6
lch sang tri 6 khong log
X
7
=1 Tia i
7
thng ng
Nhm truyn th 4 (t trc IV ti trc V) c 2 t s truyn
i
8
=
88
22
i
9
=
45
45

X
8
= -6 Tia i
8
lch sang tri 6 khong log
X
9
=1 Tia i
9
thng ng
Nhm truyn gin tip (t trc V ti trc VI) c1 t s truyn
i
10
=
54
27

X
10
= -4 Tia i
10
lch sang tri4 khong log
Nhm truyn trc tip (t trc III ti trc VI) c1 t s truyn
i
11
=
43
65

X
11
= 2 Tia i
11
lch sang phi 2 khong log
c.V th vng quay




Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c










12,5 16 20 25 31,5 40 50 63 80 100 125160 200 250 310 400 500 630 800 1000 1250 1600 2000

Kt lun :
Cng thc ng hc cu my T620
PAKG chy vng 2x3x2x2x1= z
1

PAKG chy tt2x3x1= z
2
S tc : z= z
1
+ z
2
= 24+6 =30
Ph-ng n th t ca z
1
2| | 1 . 3| | 2 2| | 6 . 2| | 12
Trong nhm truyn 2| | 12 c
12
=1,26
12
=16>8 khng tho mn iu kin 8 >

max
Nn phi to ra hin t-ng trng tc nh- sau :
Z
1 thu hp
=

2| | 1 . 3| | 2 2| | 6 . 2| | 6
S tc trng z
x
= 12- 6 =6 -c b li bng -ng truyn th hai c ph-ng n
khng gian PAKG: 2x3
PATT : 2| | 1 . 3| | 2 1| | 0
* * *
Ch-ng II
Thit k my mi
I-thit lp chui s vng quay
My tin ren vt vn nng T620 z=23 n
min
= 12,5 vng/pht n
max
= 2000
vng/pht
1- Chui s vng quay tun theo quy lut cp s nhn
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

Cng bi = 1
min
max
z
n
n

Ta c = z-1 2000/12,5 = 1,259
Ly theo tiu chun = 1,26
n
1
= n
min
= 12,5 vg/ph
n
2
= n
1
.
n
3
= n
2
. = n
1
.
2

...................
n
23
= n
22
. = n
1
.
22
Cng thc tnh tc ct
V=
1000
dn t
m/ph
Trong d- -ng knh chi tit gia cng (mm)
n- S vng quay trc chnh (vg/ph)
2- Tnh s hng ca chui s
Phm vi iu chnh R
n
=
min
max
n
n
=
5 , 12
2000
=160
Cng bi = 1,26
S cp tc z = 23
Tr s vng quay c s thnh lp t tr so vng quay u tin n
1
= 12,5
vg/ph v
n
z
= n
1
.
z-1

Ln l-t thay z = 123 vo ta c bng sau






Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c







Tc Cng thc tnh n tnh n tiu chun
n
1

n
2
n
3
n
4
n
5
n
6
n
7
n
8
n
9
n
10
n
11
n
12
n
13
n
14
n
15
n
16
n
17
n
18
n
19
n
20
n
21
n
22
n
23
n
min
= n
1
n
1
.
1
n
1
.
2
n
1
.
3
n
1
.
4
n
1
.
5
n
1
.
6
n
1
.
7
n
1
.
8
n
1
.
9
n
1
.
10
n
1
.
11
n
1
.
12
n
1
.
13
n
1
.
14
n
1
.
15
n
1
.
16
n
1
.
17
n
1
.
18
n
1
.
19
n
1
.
20
12.5
15,57
19,85
25,01
31,51
39,7
50,02
63,02
79,41
100,1
126,07
158,85
200,15
252,19
317,76
400,38
504,47
635,64
800,9
1009,14
1271,5
1602,11
2018,65
12.5
16
20
25
31,5
40
50
63
80
100
125
160
200
250
315
400
500
630
800
1000
1250
1600
2000
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c




n
1
.
21
n
1
.
22


II-S nhm truyn ti thiu
n
min
/n
max
= 1/4
i
i-S nhm truyn ti thiu
i=lg(n
c
/n
min
)/lg4=3,4
V s nhm truyn l nguyn nn ly i = 4
Cc ph-ng n khng gian 24x1
12x2
3x4x2
6x2x2
2x3x2x2
Da vo s nhm truyn ti thiu i=4 ta loi tr cc ph-ng n khng gian v ly
ph-ng n khng gian l 2x3x2x2
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

Cch b ch cc b phn t hp thnh xch tc b tr theo ph-ng n hp tc
v hp trc chnh v my c phc tp ln (z=23) cng sut ln N=10 kw
III- ph-ng n khng gian
1-Da vo cng thc z= p
1
. p
2
. p
3
. ....p
j
trong p
j
l t s truyn trong mt nhm
Ta c z = 24 2x2x3x2 2x2x2x3 3x2x2x2 2x3x2x2
Mi tha s p
j
l 1 hoc 2 khi bnh rng di tr-t truyn ng gia 2 trc lin tc
2-Tnh tng s bnh rng ca hp tc theo cng thc
S
z
=2(p
1
+p
2
+p
3
+...p
j
)
ph-ng n khng gian 2x2x2x3 c
S
z
=2(2+2+2+3) = 18
3- Tnh tng s trc ca ph-ng n khng gian theo cng thc
S
tr
= i +1 i- S nhm truyn ng
S
tr
= 4+1 = 5 trc (pakg 2x2x2x3)
4- Tnh chiu di s b ca hp tc theo cng thc
L = Eb + Ef
b- chiu rng bnh rng
f- khong h gia hai banh rng v khe h lp min gt
5- S bnh rng chu m men xon trc cui cng
PAKG 3x2x2x2 2x2x2x3 2x2x3x2 2x3x2x2
2 3 2 2
6- Cc c cu c bit dng trong hp : ly hp ma st ,phanh
7- Lp bng so snh ph-ng n b tr khng gian

Ph-ng n
Yu t so snh
3x2x2x2 2x2x3x2 2x3x2x2 2x2x2x3
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

1.Tng s bnh rng S
z

2. Tg s trc S
tr

3. Chiu di L
4. S bnh rng M
max

5. C cu c bit
18
5
19b + 18f
2
ly hp ma st
18
5
19b + 18f
2
ly hp ma st
18
5
19b + 18f
2
ly hp ma st
18
5
19b + 18f
3
ly hp ma st
Kt lun : Vi ph-ng n v bng so snh trn ta thy nn chn ph-ng n khng
gian 2x3x2x2 v
- T s truyn gim dn t trc u tin n trc cui. Nh-ng phi b tr trn
trc u tin mt b ly hp ma st nhiu a v mt b bnh rng o chiu
-S bnh rng phn b trn cc trc u hn PAKG 3x2x2x2 v 2x2x3x2
-S bnh rng chu m men xon ln nht M
max
trn trc chnh l t nht.
Do m bo t s truyn gim t t ng u ,-u tin vic b tr kt
cu ta chn PAKG 2x3x2x2
IV- ph-ng n th t (PATT)
- S ph-ng n th t q = m! m - S nhm truyn
Vi m = 4 ta c q = 4!= 24
chn PATT hp l nht ta lp bng so snh tm ph-ng n ti -u
* Bng so snh cc ph-ng n th t

TT Nhm 1 TT Nhm 2 TT Nhm 3 TT Nhm 4

1
2x3x2x2
I II III IV
[1] [2] [6] [12]

7
2x3x2x2
II I III IV
[3] [1] [6] [12]

13

2x3x2x2
III I II IV
[6] [1] [3] [12]

19
2x3x2x2
IV I II III
[12] [1] [3] [6]

2
2x3x2x2
I III II IV
[1] [4] [2] [12]

8
2x3x2x2
II III I IV
[2] [4] [1] [12]

14
2x3x2x2
III II I IV
[6] [2] [1] [12]

20
2x3x2x2
IV II I III
[12] [2] [1] [6]

3
2x3x2x2
I IV II III
[1] [8] [2] [4]

9
2x3x2x2
II III IV I
[2] [4] [12] [1]

15
2x3x2x2
III IV I II
[4] [8] [1] [2]

21
2x3x2x2
IV III I II
[12] [4] [1] [2]
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c


4
2x3x2x2
I II IV III
[1] [2] [12] [6]

10
2x3x2x2
II I IV III
[3] [1] [12] [6]

16
2x3x2x2
III I IV II
[6] [1] [12] [3]

22
2x3x2x2
IV I III II
[12] [1] [6] [3]

5
2x3x2x2
I III IV II
[1] [4] [12] [2]

11
2x3x2x2
II IV III I
[2] [8] [4] [1]

17
2x3x2x2
III II IV I
[6] [2] [12] [1]

23
2x3x2x2
IV II III I
[12] [2] [6] [1]

6
2x3x2x2
I IV III II
[1] [8] [4] [2]

12
2x3x2x2
II IV I III
[2] [8] [1] [4]

18
2x3x2x2
III IV II I
[4] [8] [2] [1]

24
2x3x2x2
IV III II I
[12] [4] [2] [1]
x
ma
x
12 16

12 16 12 16 12 16

xma
x
16 40,32 16 40,32 16 40,32 16 40,32
Nhn xt :qua bng trn ta thy cc ph-ng n u c
xmax
>8 nh- vy khng
tho mn iu kin
xmax
=
i(p-1)
s 8
Do chn -c ph-ng n t yu cu ta phi tng thm trc trung gian hoc
tch ra lm hai -ng truyn .
Nh- vy PATT I II III IV c
xmax
= 1,26
12
l nh hn c theo my chun chn
th ph-ng n ny l tt hn , c l-ng m u n v tng t t , kt cu cht
ch, hp t-ng i gn, l-i kt cu c hnh r qut
C th : PAKG 2 x 3 x 2 x 2
PATT I II III IV
[x] [1] [2] [6] [12]
m bo
xmax
s 8 ta phi thu hp l-ng m ti a t
xmax
= 12 xung
xmax
= 6
Do thu hp l-ng m nn s tc thc t b gim . Ta c s tc thc t l
Z
1
=Z - l-ng m thu hp = 24- 6 = 18
PATT by gi l: 2[1]x 3[8]x 2[6]x 2[6]
b li s tc trng v thu hp l-ng m ta thit k thn -ng truyn tc
cao (-ng truyn tt )
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c



PAKG -ng trruyn ny l Z
2
= 2x3x1= 6 tc
Vy PAKG cu hp tc l Z = Z
1
+ Z
2
= 24+6 =30
Do trng 7 tc (tc cui ca -ng trun tc thp trng vi tc ca
-ng trun tc cao )
Nn s tc thc ca my l : Z = 30 - 7 = 23 tc

Ta c l-i kt cu ca my nh- sau :

I
2[1] 2[1]
II
3[2] 3[2]
III

2[6] 1[0]
IV

2[6]

V
n
1
n
2
n
3
n
4
n
5
n
6
n
7
n
8
n
9
n
10
n
11
n
12
n
13
n
14
n
15
n
16
n
17
n
18
n
19
n
20
n
21

n
22
n
23
n
24
VI - V th vng quay
Tr s vng quay gii hn n
o
trn trc I -c bin thin trong khong
n
o min s
n
o s
n
o max

Tnh theo cc t s truyn ln nht v t s truyn nh nht k t trc chnh
n trc tin
n
0min
= n
max
/
H
i
1
U
maxi
; n
0max
= n
min
/
H
i
1
U
mini
Trong i- ch s biu th nhm truyn
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c


H
i
1
U
maxi
= U
max1
. U
max2
. . . U
maxi

H
i
1
U
mini
= U
min1
. U
min2
. . . U
mini
C th ly

H
i
1
U
maxi
= U
max1
. U
max2
. . . U
maxi
= 2

H
i
1
U
mini
= U
min1
. U
min2
. . . U
mini
= 1/4
Vy n
omax
= 12,5/(1/4)
4
= 3200 vg/ph
n
omin
= 2000/2
4
= 125 vg/ph
Nh- vy gii hn n
o
bin thin trong khong 125 s n
o
s 3200
- trc v bnh rng u vo ca hp chu M
x
knh th-c nh gn . Th-ng
t n
o
cc tr s n
o
ln . V nh- vy s gn v n
c
. Hn na n
o
ti n
min
ca
trc chnh bao gi cng gim nhiu hn tng
Gi s ta chn n
o
= n
19
= 800 vg/ph
Khi i
tr
= n
o
/ n
c
.q

= 800/1440.0,985 = 0,564
Theo my chun ta c i
tr
= 145/260 = 0,56
Ta v -c th vng quay ca my nh- sau
n
II
= 800
II

III

IV

V

VI

VII
1 i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

12,5 2000
VII- Tnh ton s rng ca cc nhm truyn trong hp tc
1- Tnh nhm truyn c nh t trc ng c n trc th nht
Ta c : n
o
= n
c
. i
o
. q

= 800
i
o
=
95 , 0 . 1440
800
= 0,584
2- Tnh s rng ca nhm truyn th nht
Theo cng thc Z
x
=
g f
x x
f
x
+
.EK Z
x
'
= Z - Z
x

Trong : K l bi s chung nh nht ca mi tng f
x
+ g
x

Z Tng s rng trong cp
Ta c : i
1
=
1
= 1,26
1
=
4
5
c f
1
=5 g
1
=4 v f
1
+ g
1
= 4+5 = 9
I
2
=
2
= 1,26
2
=
7
11
c f
1
=11 g
1
=7 v f
1
+ g
1
= 11+7 =18
Vy bi s trung nh nht K = 18
E
min
nm tia i
2
v i
2
tng nhiu hn i
1
. Khi bnh rng Z
min
nm tia th 2 l
bnh rng b ng
Ta c : E
min
=
K
g
g f
z
.
) (
2
2 2
min
+
=
18 . 7
18 . 17
= 2,43
Chn Z
min
=17
Ly E
min
=5 ta c Z= EK =5.18 = 90 rng
Z
1
=
g f
x x
f
x
+
.EK = 90 .
4 5
5
+
= 50 rng
Z
1
'
= Z - Z
1
= 90 - 50 = 40 rng

Z
2
=
g f
x x
f
x
+
.EK = 90 .
7 11
11
+
= 55 rng
Z
2
'
= Z
2
- Z
2
= 90 - 55 = 35 rng
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

Kim tra t s truyn: i
1
= Z
1
/ Z
1
'
=
40
50
= 1,25 i
2
= Z
2
/ Z
2
'
=
35
55
= 1,57
3- Tnh s rng ca nhm truyn th hai
Ta c : i
3
=

4
1
=
26 , 1
4
1
=
54
22
c f
3
=22 g
3
=54 v f
3
+ g
3
= 22 + 54 = 76
I
4
=

2
1
=
26 , 1
2
1
=
46
30
c f
4
=30 g
4
=46 v f
4
+ g
4
= 30 + 46 = 76
I
5
=1 c f
5
=1 g
5
=1 v f
5
+ g
5
= 1 + 1 = 2
Vy bi s trung nh nht K = 76
E
min
nm tia i
3
v i
3
gim nhiu hn i
4
. Khi bnh rng Z
min
nm tia th 2 l
bnh rng ch ng
Ta c : E
min
=
K f
g f Z
.
) (
3
3 3 min
+
=
76 . 22
) 54 22 .( 17 +
< 1
Ly E
min
=1 ta c Z= EK =1.76 = 76 rng
Z
3
=
g f
x x
f
x
+
.EK = 76
54 21
22
+
= 22 rng
Z
3
'
= Z - Z
3
= 76 - 22 = 54 rng
Z
4
=
g f
x x
f
x
+
.EK = 76 .
46 30
30
+
= 30 rng
Z
4
'
= Z - Z
4
= 76 - 30 = 46 rng
Z
5
=
g f
x x
f
x
+
.EK = 76 .
1 1
1
+
= 38 rng
Z
5
'
= Z - Z
5
= 76 - 38 = 38 rng
Kim tra t s truyn : i
3
= Z
3
/ Z
3
'
=
54
22
= 0,4 i
4
= Z
4
/ Z
4
'
=
46
30
= 0,65
I
5
= Z
5
/ Z
5
'
=
38
38
= 1
4- Tnh s rng ca nhm truyn th 3
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

Do kt cu ca hp tc nn ta chn muyn khc nhau . Ta dng hai loi
muyn m
6
v m
7
.iu kin lm vic l:
2A = m
6
(Z
i
+Z
i
'
) = Z
6
.m
6
2A = m
7
(Z
j
+Z
j
'
) = Z
7
.m
7
Trong A- Khong cch trc
Z
6
, Z
7
- Tng s rng ca nhm bnh rng c muyn m
6
, m
7

Z
6
/Z
7
=m
7
/m
6

Chn m
6
= 2,5
Tm Z
6
bng cch phn tch i
6
= Z
6
/ Z
6
'
=
6
1

=
4
1

i
7
= Z
7
/ Z
7
'
=1 vi m
7
= 3
Z
6
/Z
7
= m
7
/m
6
= 2,5/3 = 9/11 hay Z
6
= 11K Z
7
= 9K
Vi t s truyn i
6
=
4
1
, tng s Z
6
phi l bi s chung ca 5 do ta chn K =
10
Vy Z
6
= 11.10 = 110 rng i
6
= Z
6
/ Z
6
'
=
4
1

Z
6
+ Z
6
'
= 110
'
Z
6
=Z
6
/5 = 110/5 = 22 rng
Z
6
'
=Z
6
- Z
6
= 110 - 22 = 88 rng
Khong cch trc A l : A = m
6
. Z
6
/2 = 2,5. 110/2 = 137 mm
Do : Z
7
= 9.10 = 90 rng
i
7
= Z
7
/ Z
7
'
=1
Z
7
+ Z
7
'
= 90
'
Z
7
=Z
7
/2 = 90/2 = 45 rng
Z
7
'
=Z
7
- Z
7
= 90 - 45 = 45 rng
Khong cch trc A l : A = m
7
. Z
7
/2 = 3. 90/2 = 135 mm
Nh- vy cc t s truyn i
6
, i
7
dng bnh rng dch chnh
Kim tra t s truyn : i
6
= Z
6
/ Z
6
'
=
88
22
=
4
1
i
7
= Z
7
/ Z
7
'
=
45
45
= 1
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

6- Tnh s rng ca nhm truyn th 4
Ta dng hai loi muyn m
8
v m
9
.iu kin lm vic l:
2A = m
8
(Z
i
+Z
i
'
) = Z
8
.m
8
2A = m
9
(Z
j
+Z
j
'
) = Z
9
.m
9
Trong A- Khong cch trc
Z
8
, Z
8
- Tng s rng ca nhm bnh rng c muyn m
8
, m
9

Z
8
/Z
9
=m
9
/m
8

Chn m
8
= 2,5
Tm Z
8
bng cch phn tch i
8
= Z
8
/ Z
8
'
=
6
1

=
4
1

I
9
= Z
9
/ Z
9
'
=1 vi m
9
= 3
Z
8
/Z
9
= m
9
/m
8
= 2,5/3 = 9/11 hay Z
8
= 11K Z
9
= 9K
Vi t s truyn i
8
=
4
1
, tng s Z
8
phi l bi s chung ca 5 do ta chn K =
10
Vy Z
8
= 11.10 = 110 rng i
8
= Z
8
/ Z
8
'
=
4
1

Z
8
+ Z
8
'
= 110
'
Z
8
=Z
8
/5 = 110/5 = 22 rng
Z
8
'
=Z
8
- Z
8
= 110 - 22 = 88 rng
Khong cch trc A l : A = m
8
. Z
8
/2 = 2,5. 110/2 = 137 mm
Do : Z
9
= 9.10 = 90 rng
i
9
= Z
9
/ Z
9
'
=1
Z
9
+ Z
9
'
= 90
'
Z
9
=Z
9
/2 = 90/2 = 45 rng
Z
9
'
=Z
9
- Z
9
= 90 - 45 = 45 rng
Khong cch trc A l : A = m
9
. Z
9
/2 = 3. 90/2 = 135 mm
Nh- vy cc t s truyn i
8
, i
9
dng bnh rng dch chnh
Kim tra t s truyn : i
8
= Z
8
/ Z
8
'
=
88
22
=
4
1
i
9
= Z
9
/ Z
9
'
=
45
45
= 1
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

7- Tnh s rng ca nhm truyn th 5
Ta dng hai loi muyn m
10
v m
11
.iu kin lm vic l:
2A = m
10
(Z
i
+Z
i
'
) = Z
10
.m
10
2A = m
11
(Z
j
+Z
j
'
) = Z
11
.m
11
Trong A- Khong cch trc
Z
10
, Z
11
- Tng s rng ca nhm bnh rng c muyn m
10
, m
11

Z
10
/Z
11
=m
11
/m
10

Chn m
10
= 4
Tm Z
10
bng cch phn tch i
10
= Z
10
/ Z
10
'
=
3
1

=
2
1

i
11
= Z
11
/ Z
11
'
=
2
=1,51 vi m
11
= 3
Z
10
/Z
11
= m
11
/m
10
= 3/4 hay Z
10
= 3K Z
11
= 4K
Vi t s truyn i
10
=
2
1
,tng s Z
10
phi l bi s chung ca 3 do ta chn K=
27
Vy Z
10
= 3. 27 = 81 rng i
10
= Z
10
/ Z
10
'
=
2
1

Z
10
+ Z
10
'
= 81
'
Z
10
=Z
10
/3 = 81/3 = 27 rng
Z
10
'
=Z
10
- Z
10
= 81 - 27 = 54 rng
Khong cch trc A l : A = m
10
. Z
10
/2 = 4. 81/2 = 162 mm
Do : Z
11
= 3.27 = 108 rng
i
11
= Z
11
/ Z
11
'
=1,51
Z
11
+ Z
11
'
= 108
'
Z
11
=Z
11
/2,51 = 108/2,51 = 42 rng
Z
11
'
=Z
11
- Z
11
= 108 - 42 = 66 rng
Khong cch trc A l : A = m
11
. Z
11
/2 = 3. 108/2 = 162 mm
Nh- vy cc t s truyn i
10
, i
11
dng bnh rng dch chnh
Kim tra t s truyn : i
10
= Z
10
/ Z
10
'
=
54
27
=
2
1
i
11
= Z
11
/ Z
11
'
=
42
66
= 1,57
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

T cc s liu tnh ton trn ta c bng thng k sau:

I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
z
z
i
i
'
tnh
40
50

35
55

54
22

46
30

38
38

88
22

45
45

88
22

45
45

54
27

42
66

z
z
i
i
'
chun
39
51

34
56

55
21

47
29

38
38

88
22

45
45

88
22

45
45

54
27

43
65

Kim nghim sai s vng quay trc chnh
Ta c ph-ng trnh cn bng xch ng n
t/c
= n
/c
.q

.i
t
z
z
'
1
1
.
z
z
'
2
2
. . . .
Trong n
/c
= 1440 vg/ph
q

= 0,985
ta chn i
t
=
260
145
= 0,558
n
II tnh
= n
/c
.q

.i
t
= 1440. 0,985. 0,558 = 791 vg/ph
n
lthuyt
= n
19
= 800 vg/ph
Tnh sai s vng quay theo cng thc An =
n
n n
c t
tnh c t
/
/

.100%
Trong n
t/c
- S vng quay tiu chun
n
tnh
- S vng quay tnh ton theo ph-ng trnh xch
Sai s [An] = 10( - 1) = 10( 1,26 - 1)= 2,6%
TT Ph-ng trnh xch ng n
tnh
n
t/c
An%
1
n
II
.
40
50
.
54
22
.
88
22
.
88
22
.
54
27

12,59 12,5 - 0,72
2
n
II
.
35
55
.
54
22
.
88
22
.
88
22
.
54
27

15,82 16 1,13
3
n
II
.
40
50
.
46
30
.
88
22
.
88
22
.
54
27

20,15 20 - 0,76
4
n
II
.
35
55
.
46
30
.
88
22
.
88
22
.
54
27

25,33 25 - 1,33
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

5
n
II
.
40
50
.
38
38
.
88
22
.
88
22
.
54
27

30,9 31,5 1,9
6
n
II
.
35
55
.
38
38
.
88
22
.
88
22
.
54
27

39,85 40 0,4
7
n
II
.
40
50
.
54
22
.
88
22
.
45
45
.
54
27

50,35 50 0,7
8
n
II
.
35
55
.
54
22
.
88
22
.
45
45
.
54
27

63,3 63 - 0,5
9
n
II
.
40
50
.
46
30
.
88
22
.
45
45
.
54
27

80,6 80 - 0,76
10
n
II
.
35
55
.
46
30
.
88
22
.
45
45
.
54
27

101,3 100 - 1,3
11
n
II
. .
38
38
.
88
22
.
45
45
.
54
27

123,6 125 1,12
12
n
II
.
35
55
.
38
38
.
88
22
.
45
45
.
54
27

156,4 160 2,3
13
n
II
.
40
50
.
54
22
.
45
45
.
45
45
.
54
27

201,4 200 - 0,7
14
n
II
.
35
55
.
54
22
.
45
45
.
45
45
.
54
27

253,2 250 - 1,3
15
n
II
.
40
50
.
54
22
.
45
45
.
45
45
.
54
27

322,4 315 - 2,3
16
n
II
.
35
55
.
54
22
.
45
45
.
45
45
.
54
27

405,3 400 - 1,3
17
n
II
.
40
50
.
38
38
.
45
45
.
45
45
.
54
27

494,4 500 1,1
18
n
II
.
40
50
.
54
22
.
42
66

633 630 - 0,5
19
n
II
.
35
55
.
54
22
.
42
66

795,8 800 0,5
20
n
II
.
40
50
.
46
30
.
42
66

1013,3 1000 - 1,3
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

21
n
II
.
35
55
.
46
30
.
42
66

1273,9 1250 - 1,9
22
n
II
.
40
50
.
38
38
.
42
66

1563,8 1600 2,2
23
n
II
.
35
55
.
38
38
.
42
66

1953,3 2000 2,3
th sai s vng quay














Sau khi kim tra sai s ta thy An nm trong phm vi cho php,khng cn phi
tnh li cc t s truyn
Phn B
Thit k hp chy dao
1. yu cu k thut v c im hp chy dao
- s cp chy dao pha
- quy lut phn b l-ng chy dao theo cp s cng
- phm vi iu chnh ca l-ng chy dao s
max
- s
min

- tnh cht ca l-ng chy dao lin tc
- chnh xc ca l-ng chy dao yu cu chnh xc cao

Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

- cng vng ca xch ng ni lin trc chnh v trc ko
c im : - cng sut truyn b
- tc lm vic chm
- phm vi iu chnh t s truyn 1,5 s i
s
s 2,8 R
s max
=
i
i
i
s
min
max
=
5 , 1
8 , 2
= 14
2. sp xp b-c ren -c ct to thnh cc nhm c s v nhm gp bi
S dng hp chy dao dng c cu noctn ct -c cc loi ren : quc t,
muyn, anh, pitch.
+ Ren quc t
Nhm c s : t
p
= 1-1,25-1,5-1,75-2-2,5-3-3,5-4-4,5-5-5,5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12
Nhm khuch i: t
p
= 14-16-18-20-22-24-28-32-36-40-44-48-56-64-72-80-88-
96-112 128-144-160-176-192
+ Ren muyn
Nhm c s : m= 0,5-1-1,25-1,5-1,75-2-2,25-2,5-3
Nhm khuch i: m= 3,25-3,5-4-4,5-5-5,5-6-6,5-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-16-18
20 22-24-26-28-32-36-44-48
+ Ren anh
n = 2-2,5-3-3
4
1
-3
2
1
-4-4
2
1
-5-6-6
4
2
-7-8-9-9,5-10-11-12-14-16-18-20-22-24
+ Ren pitch
Nhm c s : D
p
= 96-88-72-64-56-48-44-40-36-32-28-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-
11-10-9-8-7
Nhm khuch i: D
p
= 6-5-4-3-2-1
1- Bng xp ren
Ren quc t
t
p
(mm)
Ren muyn
m =
t
t p
(mm)
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

-
1
-
1,25
-
1,5
1,75
2
2,25
2,5
-
3

3,5
4
4,5
5
5,5
6

7
8
9
10
11
12
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
0,5
-
-
-
-

-
1
-
1,25
-
1,5

1,75
2
2,25
2,5
-
3







Ren anh
n =
ttp
4 , 25

Ren pitch
D
p
=
t p
t . 4 , 25

13

14

16

18
19
20
-
24

-

7

8

9
9,5
10
11
12
3
4
1

3
2
1

4
4
2
1

-
5
-
6
-

-

2

-
-
-
-
3
-
56
64
72
80
88
96
-
-
28
32
36
40
44
48
-
-
14
16
18
20
22
24
-
-
7
8
9
10
11
12
-

1- Thit k nhm truyn c s
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

Gi Z
1
Z
2
Z
3
... l s rng ca b bnh rng thuc c cu noctng ta c :
ct ren quc t th:
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
= 3,5 : 4 : 4,5 : 5 : 5,5 : 6
Hoc 7 : 8 : 9 : 10: 11 : 12
S rng Z
1
, Z
2
, Z
3
..khng th qu ln v s lm tng kch th-c nhm truyn nn
ng-i ta hn ch trong gii hn 25< Z< 60
Do Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
= 28 : 32 : 36 : 40: 44 : 48


= 35 : 40 : 45 : 50: 55 : 60
ct -c ren muyn th
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
= 1,75 : 2 : 2,25 : 2,5 : 3
Do s rng Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
=28 : 32 : 36 : 40 : 48
=35 : 40 : 45 : 50 : 60
ct -c ren anh th
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z
7
: Z
8
= 13 : 14 : 16: 18 : 19 : 20 : 22 : 24

Hoc

= 6,5 : 7 : 8 : 9 : 9,5 : 10 : 11 : 12
Do s rng
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z
7
: Z
8
= 26 : 28 : 32: 36 : 38 : 40 : 44 : 48
ct -c ren pitch th
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
= 56 : 64 : 72: 80 : 88 : 96
Do s rng
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
= 28 : 32: 36 : 40 : 44 : 48
Hoc

= 35 : 40: 45: 50 : 55 : 60
Vy ct -c 4 loi ren trn th s rng ca c cu nooctng l :
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z
7
: Z
8
= 26 : 28 : 32: 36 : 38 : 40 : 44 : 48
trnh cho b noctng tr nn km cng vng do 2 g t xa nhau,s
bnh rng ca b noctng phi nh hn 8 bnh rng
Nhn xt : Ch v ct loi ren Anh c n=19 ren/pit nn b noctng phi thm
bnh rng Z
5
=38 bnh rng ny khng dng ct 3 loi ren cn li nn ta b bnh rng
Z
5
=38.Nh- vy b noctng ch cn li 7 bnh rng:
Z
1
: Z
2
: Z
3
: Z
4
: Z
5
: Z
6
: Z
7


= 26 : 28 : 32: 36 : 40 : 44 : 48
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c


5-Thit k nhm truyn gp bi
Nhm gp bi phi to ra 4 t s truyn vi =2 .Chn ct 7-12 trong bng xp
ren quc t lm nhm c s th cc t s truyn nhm gp bi l:
1
1
:
2
1
:
4
1
:
8
1

a-ph-ng n khng gian

PA
Yu t
2x2 4x1
_Tng s bnh rng
_Tng s trc
_Chiu di trc
_S bnh rng chu
mmen xon M
x


8
3
8b+7f

2
10
3
8b+7f

1
Nhn xt: PAKG 4x1 c s bnh rng trn mt trc qu nhiu kh ch to do
PAKG 2x2 hp l hn.
b-Ph-ng n th t
ph-ng n khng gian 2x2 c hai PATT
So snh cc ph-ng n th t :

PATT Nhm 1 Nhm 2
2x2 2x2
I - II
[1] [2]
2x2
II - I
[2] [1]
[x]
max
2 2
Ta chn ph-ng n th t I-II v ph-ng n ny dn n s bin i cc kt cu
my nhp nhng cn i hn
Ta c l-i kt cu sau


Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c




c- V th s vng quay
trnh trng lp t s truyn ta chn t s truyn gia cc b truyn trong nhm
gp bi khc 1
Ta c th s vng quay nh- sau :







Tnh cc t s truyn gia ccc b truyn trong nhm gp bi
Nhm truyn 1 :
i
1
=
32 , 1
1

=
2
32 , 1
1
=
5
2
f
1
+ g
1
= 2+5 = 7
i
2
=
32 , 0
1

=
2
32 , 0
1
=
5
4
f
2
+ g
2
= 4+5 = 9
Bi s chung nh nht l K=63
Tia i
1
l tia gim nhiu hn tia i
2
z
min
ch ng nn E
min
=
63 . 2
) 5 2 ( 17 +
=
18
17
<1
Chn E=1
Z=E.K = 1.63 = 63 rng
Z
1
=
g f
f
1 1
1
+
EK= 63 .
7
2
=18 rng
Z
1
'
= Z-Z
1
=63-18= 45 rng
1
i
i
i
i
2
4
3

Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

Z
2
=
g f
f
2 2
2
+
EK= 63 .
5 4
4
+
=28 rng
Z
2
'
= Z-Z
2
= 63-28= 35 rng
Nhm truyn 2 :
i
3
=
68 , 1
1

=
2
68 , 1
1
=
16
5
f
3
+ g
3
= 5+16 = 21=7.3
i
4
=
28 , 0
1

=
2
28 , 0
1
=
4
5
f
4
+ g
4
= 5+4 = 9=3
2

bi s chung nh nht l K=63
Tia i
1
l tia gim nhiu hn tia i
2
z
min
ch ng nn E
min
=
63 . 5
) 16 5 ( 17 +
=
15
17
>1
Chn E=2
Z=E.K = 2.63 = 126 rng >120 do tinh li s rng . Chn Z
min
=14 rng
E
min
=
63 . 5
) 16 5 ( 14 +
=
15
14
<1
Ly E
min
=1
Z=E.K = 1.63 = 63 rng
Z
3
=
g f
f
3 3
3
+
EK= 63 .
16 5
5
+
=15 rng
Z
3
'
= Z-Z
3
= 63 -15 = 48 rng
Z
4
=
g f
f
4 4
4
+
EK= 63 .
4 5
5
+
= 35 rng
Z
4
'
= Z-Z
4
= 63-35= 28 rng
+ Tnh cc t s truyn cn li (i
b
) gm cc bnh rng thay th v bnh rng ph
ca hp chy dao . Ph-ng trnh ca hp chuyn ng
1vng tc . i
b
. i
cs
. i
gbi
. t
v
= t
p
m i
b
= i
tt
. i
c
nn ta c 1vng tc . i
tt
.i
c
. i
cs
. i
gbi
. t
v
=
t
p
Trong i
tt
- T s truyn thay th
i
c -
T s truyn c nh
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c

i
cs
- T s truyn c s
i
gbi
- t s truyn gp bi ca c cu noctng
t
v
- B-c vt me
t
p
- B-c ren -c ct
tnh i
b
ta cho my ct th mt b-c ren no .Ta th ct ren quc t t
p
=10
mm
Qua bng xp ren quc t ta c i
gbi
= 1
Ta chn t
v
= 12 mm Z
0
= 28 rng
Th i
cs
=
z
z
0
5
=
28
40
lc b bnh rng hnh thp ch ng
do i
b
=
i i t
t
gb cs v
p
. . 28 / 40 . 1 . 12
10
=
12
7

Ta chn i
c
=
36
25
i
b
= i
tt
. i
c
Ta c
12
7
= i
tt
.
36
25
i
tt
=
25
21
=
50
42

Khi ct ren anh ,xch ct ren i theo -ng khc b bnh rng noctng b ng
tnh i
c
khi ct ren anh nh- sau : i
c
=
i i i t
t
tt gb cs v
p
. . .
cho ct th ren anh vi n=8
t
p
=
8
4 , 25
lc i
c
=
z
z
3
0
=
32
28
i
gb
=
2
1
Ta c i
c
=
) 50 / 42 ).( 2 / 1 ).( 40 / 28 ( 1 . 12
8 / 4 , 25

T s truyn 36/25 cng -c dng khi ct ren pitch (bnh rng noctng b
ng)nh-ng vi hai bnh rng thay th khc nhau .Cui cng ta cn tnh bnh rng
thay th khi ct ren pitch v ren muyn
Ta c ph-ng trnh cn bng : i
tt
=
i i i t
t
c gb cs v
p

. .

Cho ct th ren pitch D
p
= 25,4.t/8=127
2
.12/5
2
.8.97
i
gb
= 2/4 ; i
c
=36/25 i
tt
=
97
32

Kim tra cc b-c ren ct -c ct
ph-ng trnh cn bngta c :1vngtc.21/25.42/50.25/36.32/28.1/2.12=4=t
p.

tr-ng
Nguyn Sn nh n my cng
c