topic 6 [30 marks]

1. [1 mark]
Which instrument would best monitor the rate of this reaction?
2KI (aq) + Cl2 (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + I2 (aq)

A. Balance
B. Colorimeter
C. Volumetric flask
D. Gas syringe

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2. [1 mark]
Which combination has the greatest rate of reaction at room temperature?

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3. [1 mark]
Curve 1 shows the mass change when marble chips are added to excess hydrochloric acid
in an open beaker.
Which changes would produce curve 2?
A. Powdering the marble chips and heating
B. Powdering the marble chips and doubling their mass
C. Doubling the volume of acid and heating
D. Doubling the acid concentration and powdering the marble chips

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4. [1 mark]
On the following Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which letter represents activation
energy?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D

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5. [1 mark]
Which change causes the greatest increase in the initial rate of reaction between nitric acid
and magnesium?
2HNO3 (aq) + Mg (s) → Mg(NO3)2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Markscheme

6. [1 mark]
The graph shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curve for a given gas at a
certain temperature.

How would the curve change if the temperature of the gas decreases while the other
conditions remain constant?
A. The maximum would be lower and to the left of M.
B. The maximum would be lower and to the right of M.
C. The maximum would be higher and to the left of M.
D. The maximum would be higher and to the right of M.
Markscheme

7. [1 mark]
Which apparatus can be used to monitor the rate of this reaction?
𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻3 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐼2 (𝑎𝑞) → 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻2 𝐼 (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐻+ (𝑎𝑞) + 𝐼 − (𝑎𝑞)
I. A pH meter
II. A gas syringe
III. A colorimeter

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

Markscheme

8. [1 mark]
Which arrow shows the activation energy of the uncatalysed forward reaction for this
equilibrium?
2𝑆𝑂2 (𝑔) + 𝑂2 (𝑔) ⇌ 2𝑆𝑂3 (𝑔) 𝐻 = −196 𝑘𝐽 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1
Markscheme

9. [1 mark]
The dotted line represents the volume of carbon dioxide evolved when excess calcium
carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid.
Which graph represents the production of carbon dioxide when excess calcium carbonate
is added to the same volume of hydrochloric acid of double concentration?
Markscheme

10. [1 mark]
The graph shows the Maxwell–Boltzmann energy distribution curve for a given gas at a
certain temperature.
How will the curve change if the temperature of the gas is increased, while other conditions
remain constant?
A. The maximum is higher and to the left of A.

B. The maximum is higher and to the right of A.

C. The maximum is lower and to the right of A.

D. The maximum is lower and to the left of A.

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11. [1 mark]
Which properties can be monitored to determine the rate of the reaction?
Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + FeSO4 (aq)
I. change in volume
II. change in temperature
III. change in colour
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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12. [1 mark]
Which will increase the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid?
I. an increase in temperature
II. an increase in concentration of hydrochloric acid
III. an increase in particle size of calcium carbonate
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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13. [1 mark]
The dotted line represents the formation of oxygen, O 2(g), from the uncatalysed complete
decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, H 2O2 (aq).
Which curve represents a catalysed reaction under the same conditions?

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14. [1 mark]
Which is the activation energy of the forward reaction?
Markscheme

15. [1 mark]
The same amount of two gases, X and Y, are in two identical containers at the same
temperature. What is the difference between the gases?

A. X has the higher molar mass.

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16. [1 mark]
Several reactions of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid are carried out at the
same temperature.
CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)
Which reaction has the greatest rate?
Markscheme

17. [1 mark]
Samples of sodium carbonate powder were reacted with separate samples of excess
hydrochloric acid.
Na2CO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CO2 (g) + 2NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Reaction I: 1.0 g Na2CO3 (s) added to 0.50 mol dm−3 HCl (aq)
Reaction II: 1.0 g Na2CO3 (s) added to 2.0 mol dm−3 HCl (aq)
What is the same for reactions I and II?
A. Initial rate of reaction
B. Total mass of CO2 produced
C. Total reaction time
D. Average rate of production of CO2

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18. [1 mark]
What decreases the activation energy of a reaction?
A. Increasing the temperature
B. Adding a catalyst
C. Adding more reactants
D. Increasing collision frequency of reactants

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19. [1 mark]
Which change increases the rate of formation of hydrogen when zinc reacts with excess
hydrochloric acid, assuming all other conditions remain the same?
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
A. Adding water to the hydrochloric acid
B. Decreasing the temperature
C. Increasing the volume of hydrochloric acid
D. Decreasing the size of the zinc particles while keeping the total mass of zinc the same

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20. [1 mark]
Which statements are correct?
I. The activation energy of a reaction is not affected by temperature.
II. A catalyst reduces the enthalpy change of a reaction.
III. Catalysts provide alternative reaction pathways.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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21. [1 mark]
The potential energy profile for the reversible reaction, X + Y ƒ⇌ Z is shown.
Which arrow represents the activation energy for the reverse reaction, Z → X + Y, with a
catalyst?

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22. [1 mark]
Which factors can affect the rate of reaction?
I. Particle size of solid reactant
II. Concentration of reacting solution
III. Pressure of reacting gas
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
Markscheme

23. [1 mark]
The diagram shows the energy profile for a catalysed and uncatalysed reaction.
Which represents the enthalpy change, ΔH, and the activation energy, Ea, for the
catalysed reaction?

Markscheme

24. [1 mark]
Excess magnesium powder was added to a beaker containing hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq).
The mass of the beaker and its contents was recorded and plotted against time (line I).
Which change could give line II?
A. Doubling the mass of powdered Mg
B. Using the same mass of Mg ribbon
C. Increasing the temperature
D. Using the same volume of more concentrated HCl

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25. [1 mark]
Copper catalyses the reaction between zinc and dilute sulfuric acid.
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
Why does copper affect the reaction?
A. Decreases the activation energy
B. Increases the activation energy
C. Increases the enthalpy change
D. Decreases the enthalpy change

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26. [1 mark]
100 cm3 of 10% hydrogen peroxide solution decomposes at 298 K to form water and
oxygen.
1
H2O2(aq) → H2O(l) + 2O2(g)

The dotted line graph represents the volume of oxygen produced.

Which graph represents the decomposition of an equal volume of a 20% solution under the
same conditions?

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27. [1 mark]
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
Which change does not increase the initial rate of reaction when CaCO3(s) is added
to excess HCl(aq)?
A. Decrease in the size of the CaCO3(s) particles
B. Increase in the temperature of the reaction mixture
C. Increase in the concentration of HCl(aq), keeping the same volume
D. Increase in the volume of HCl(aq), keeping the same concentration

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28. [1 mark]
Which methods can be used to monitor the progress of this reaction?
I. Change in colour of this reaction mixture
II. Change in mass of this reaction mixture
III. Change in volume of gas evolved
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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29. [1 mark]
Which conditions must be met for a reaction to take place?
I. Reactants collide with sufficient energy.
II. Reactants collide with correct orientation.
III. Reactants must be in the same state.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III

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30. [1 mark]
For the reaction R → P, which letter represents the activation energy for the catalysed
reverse reaction?
Markscheme

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