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com

R
1
R
3
R
2
C
1
C
2
V
O
V
I
VFB





















































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V
o
V
i
+
*1
C
1
C
2
R
2
R
3

1
s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
2
R
3
R
3
)R
2
1)
R
3
R
1
)
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2

A
V
(DC) + *
R
1
R
3

in VV

w
o
+
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2

[in radians]

Q +
C
1
C
2

R
1
R
2
)
R
2
R
1
)
R
1
R
2

R
3
[unitless]

Or, with a 5
R
1
R
2,

Q +
R
3
C
1
C
2

R
2
a

)R
3

)
1
a

R
P
Set: = + R R R R
P 2 1 3

R
2
R
3
VO
V
I
R
1



























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e
o
+ (e
n
)
2
1)
R
1
R
3

2
)4kTR
2
1)
R
1
R
3

2
)4kTR
1
1)
R
1
R
3
)i
n
2
R
2
1)
R
1
R
3
)R
1

1)
R
1
R
3

2
e
n
2
+ 4kTR
2
)

i
n
R
2

2
1)
R
1
R
3

2
)i
n
2
2R
2
R
1
1)
R
1
R
3

R
2
2
)R
2

1)A
V
1)3A
V

4kT
(i
n
2
)
*
1)A
V
1)3A
V

e
n
i
n

2
+0

R
2
+
1)A
V
1)3A
V

2kT
(i
n
2
)

1)
1)3A
V
1)A
V

e
n
2kT

2
*1

C
1
+
Q
w
o
R
2

1*Qw
o
R
2
C
2
(1)A
V
)

w
o
R
2
C
2
t
1
Q(1)A
V
)
for C
1
u0

1
w
o
R
2
C
2
uQ(1)A
V
) [ratio of Integrator pole to target w
o
]























































































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C
2
2
* C
2
1
R
2
Qw
o
(1)A
V
)
)
1
(R
2
w
o
)
2
(1)A
V
)
+0

C
2
+
1
2QR
2
w
o
(1)A
V
)
1 " 1*(2Q)
2
(1)A
V
)

C
2
+C
1
+
1
1.43R
2
w
o


































































































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R
2
V

C
2
V
O
R
1
C
T
C
1
R
3
Source input, assumed
low impedance.
b 5
V
*
V
O
+
C
2
C
T
)C
2

s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2
s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
R
2
C
T
)C
2

)
1
R
2
R
1
R
3
C
1
C
T
)C
2

1
b
+1)
C
T
C
2

s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
R
2
C
T
)C
2

)
1
R
2
R
1
R
3
C
1
C
T
)C
2

s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2

1
b
+
s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
R
2
C
2
)
1
R
2
R
1
R
3
C
1
C
2
s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2






























































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1
b
+
s
2
)s
w
o
Q
)
1
R
2
C
2
)(1)A
V
)w
o
2
s
2
)s

w
o
Q

)w
o
2
[MFB noise gain]


Q
C
+
Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2
(1)A
V
)
+
x
1)x
2
[ where x +Q 1)A
V

]

1
w
o
R
2
C
2
+Q(2A
V
)1) [ where R
3
+R
2
is desired ]

Z
1 , 2
+ *
w
o
2Q

1)Q
2

2A
V
)1

1 " 1*
2Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2
(2A
V
)1)

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Q(A
V
)1) t
1
w
o
R
2
C
2
v Q(2A
V
)1)

Setting
1
R
2
C
2
+w
o
Q(2A
V
)1) gives R
3
+R
2

while setting
1
R
2
C
2
+w
o
Q(A
V
)1) gives C
1
R and R
3
+0

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OPA820
+5V
- 5V
100W
0.1 F m
250W
180pF
250W
V
O
500W
1130pF
417W
V
I
MFB OVERALL NOISE GAIN
G
a
i
n

(
d
B
)

a
n
d

P
h
a
s
e

(
)

10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
Frequency (Hz)
OPA820 Open-Loop Gain
OPA820 Open-Loop Phase
Noise-Gain Magnitude
Noise-Gain Phase






















































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OPA820
+5V
- 5V
100W
0.1 F m
250W
64pF
1.39kW
V
O
V
I
2.79kW
571pF
1.18kW
MFB OVERALL NOISE GAIN
G
a
i
n

(
d
B
)

a
n
d

P
h
a
s
e

(
)

10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
Frequency (Hz)
OPA820 Open-Loop Gain
OPA820 Open-Loop Phase
Noise-Gain Magnitude
Noise-Gain Phase


















































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SMALL-SIGNAL AC RESPONSE
G
a
i
n

(
d
B
)
9
6
3
0
10
5
10
4
10
6
10
7
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 6
Figure 4






































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OUTPUT SPOT NOISE VOLTAGE
O
u
t
p
u
t

N
o
i
s
e

(
n
V
/

)
H
z
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10
3
10
2
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
Frequency (Hz)
R = 1.39kW Circuit
(Figure 6)
3
R = 250W Circuit
(Figure 4)
3




























































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MFB OVERALL NOISE GAIN
(with OPA2614 and C = 3pF)
T
G
a
i
n

(
d
B
)

a
n
d

P
h
a
s
e

(
)

10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
Frequency (Hz)
OPA2614 Open-Loop Gain
OPA2614 Open-Loop Phase
Noise-Gain Magnitude
Noise-Gain Phase



















































































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MFB OVERALL NOISE GAIN
(with OPA2614 and C = 31.8pF)
T
G
a
i
n

(
d
B
)

a
n
d

P
h
a
s
e

(
)

90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
10
3
Frequency (Hz)
OPA2614 Open-Loop Gain
OPA2614 Open-Loop Phase
Noise-Gain Magnitude
Noise-Gain Phase
3RD-ORDER BESSEL FILTER RESPONSE
G
a
i
n

(
d
B
)
9
6
3
0
-3
-6
-9
-12
10
6
10
7
10
5
Frequency (Hz)
Output Pin Response
Response at C
LOAD

























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3RD-ORDER BESSEL FILTER RESPONSE
G
a
i
n

(
d
B
)
6
0
-6
-12
-18
-24
-30
-36
-42
-48
-54
-60
-66
-72
-78
-84
-90
-96
Frequency (Hz)
Output Pin Resp nse o
Gain to C
LOAD
10
9
10
8
10
7
10
6
C = 31.8pF
T
C = 3pF
T

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1/2
OPA2614
+5V
0.1 F m
200W
32pF
200W
V
CM
332W
200W
401W
189pF 32pF
138pF
1/2
OPA2614
0.1 F m
200W
32pF
200W
V
CM
V
O
332W
200W
401W
189pF 32pF
138pF
5.76MHz Low Pass
w
o
= 2p (7.24MHz)
Q = 0.691
2nd- Order Low Pass
V
I
C
LOAD
C
LOAD






















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DIFFERENTIAL DISTORTION vs LOAD RESISTANCE
Load Resistance ( ) W
10 100 1k
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
-110
H
a
r
m
o
n
i
c

D
i
s
t
o
r
t
i
o
n

(
d
B
c
)
G
D
= +8
V V
O PP
= 2
f = 1MHz
3rd-Harmonic
2nd-Harmonic

V
O
V
I
+*
H
B
3
s
3
)B
2
s
2
)B
1
s)B
0
A(s) +
A
OL
w
o
s)w
o
Where :

A
OL
+ Open loop gain

w
o
2p
+ Dominant pole (Hz)

A
OL
w
o
2p
+ Gain bandwidth product (Hz)




































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H +
A
OL
w
o
C
1
C
2
R
2
R
3
B
0
+
w
a
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
2
A
OL
)1)
R
1
R
2

B
1
+
A
OL
w
a
R
2
C
1
1)
R
2
R
3
R
1
)
1)
R
1
R
3
C
1
C
2
R
1
R
2
)w
a

1
R
2
C
2
)
1
R
2
C
1
1)
R
2
R
3
R
1

B
2
+

A
OL
)1

w
a
)w
a

1
R
2
C
2
)
1
R
2
C
1
1)
R
2
R
3
R
1

B
3
+1

www.ti.com











































































































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4kTR
P
4kTR
1
4kTR
2
4kTR
3
R
2
R
3
R
1
R
P
e
o
e
n
i
n
i
n
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
e
o
+ I
n
R
2
1)
R
1
R
3
)R
1

R
P
+R
2
)R
1
R
3

e
o
+ (e
n
)
2
1)
R
1
R
3

2
)4kTR
2
1)
R
1
R
3

2
)4kTR
1
1)
R
1
R
3
)i
n
2
R
2
1)
R
1
R
3
)R
1

1)
R
1
R
3

2
e
n
2
+ 4kTR
2
)

i
n
R
2

2
1)
R
1
R
3

2
)i
n
2
2R
2
R
1
1)
R
1
R
3

e
n
2
w 4kTR
2
)

i
n
R
2

2
)i
n
2

2R
2
R
1
1)
R
1
R
3

e
n
2
+ 4kTR
2
)i
n
2
2R
2

R
1
R
3

)R
2
2

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e
n
2
+ i
n
2
R
2
2
)R
2
4kT)2i
n
2

R
1
R
3

R
2
2
)R
2

4kT
i
n
2
)2

R
1
R
3

*
e
n
i
n

2
+ 0

R
2
2
)R
2

4kT
i
n
2
)
2R
2
R
1
R
2
)R
1
*
e
n
i
n

2
+0

2R
2
R
1
R
2
)R
1
+
2R
2
1)
R
2
R
1
+
2R
2
1)
1
A
V
+
2R
2
A
V
A
V
)1

where
R
2
R
1
+
R
3
R
1
+
1
A
V
is used

magnitude only, sign not required for noise computations

R
2
2
)R
2

4kT
i
n
2
)
2R
2
A
V
A
V
)1
*
e
n
i
n

2
+0

R
2
2
1)
2A
V
A
V
)1
)R
2
4kT
(i
n
2
)
*
e
n
i
n

2
+0

R
2
2
)R
2

1)A
V
1)3A
V

4kT
(i
n
2
)
*
1)A
V
1)3A
V

e
n
i
n

2
+0

R
2
+
1)A
V
1)3A
V

2kT
(i
n
2
)

1)
1)3A
V
1)A
V

e
n
2kT

2
*1

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V
o
V
i
+
*1
C
1
C
2
R
2
R
3

1
s
2
)s
1
C
1
R
2
R
3
R
3
)R
2
1)
R
3
R
1
)
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2

DC Gain

s + 0

+ *
R
1
R
3
define A
V
+

*
R
1
R
3


We only need gain magnitude for design

w
o
+
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2

Q +
C
1
C
2

R
1
R
2
)
R
2
R
1
)
R
1
R
2

R
3
[unitless]

Define a 5
R
1
R
2
:

Q +
C
1
C
2

)
1
a

)
aR
2
2

R
3
Simplifying :
Q +
R
3
C
1
C
2

R
3
a

)
1
a

)R
2
a

Q +
R
3
C
1
C
2

R
2
)R
3

)R
3

1
a

Isolating on R
3
:
QR
3
a

)
1
a

)QR
2
a

+ R
3
C
1
C
2

R
3

C
1
C
3
*Q a

)
1
a

+ QR
2
a

R
3
+
QR
2
a

C
1
C
2
*Q a

)
1
a

+
QR
2
C
1
C
2

1
a

*Q

1)
1
a

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Putting a +
R
1
R
2
back into this :
R
3
+
QR
2
C
1
C
2

R
2
R
1
*Q1)
R
2
R
1

+
Q
C
1
C
2

1
R
1
R
2
*
Q
R
1
R
2

Using
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2

+w
o
to get
1
R
1
R
2

+w
o
C
1
C
2

Substituting this result in :

R
3
+
Q
C
1
C
2

w
o
C
1
C
2

*
Q
R
1
R
2

+
Q
w
o
C
1
*
Q
R
1
R
2

Multiplying R
1
R
2
through :

R
3
+

R
1
R
2

Q
w
o

R
1
R
2

C
1
*Q

Replace R
1
+ A
V
R
3
:

R
3
+

A
V
R
3
R
2

Q
w
o

A
V
R
3
R
2

C
1
*Q
R
3
+
A
V
R
3
R
2
A
V
R
3
)R
2

Q
w
o
A
V
R
3
R
2
C
1
A
V
R
3
)R
2
*Q

Multiply (A
V
R
3
)R
2
) through denominator :

R
3
+
A
V
R
3
R
2
Q
w
o
A
V
R
3
R
2
C
1
*Q

A
V
R
3
)R
2

w
o
C
1
(A
V
R
3
R
2
)*QA
V
R
3
*QR
2
+A
V
R
2
Q

R
3
(w
o
C
1
A
V
R
2
*QA
V
) +QR
2
(A
V
)1)

R
3
+
QR
2
(A
V
)1)
w
o
C
1
A
V
R
2
*QA
V

one solution for R

3
once C
1
and R
2
are resolved

Use w
o
2
+
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2
+
1
A
V
R
3
R
2
C
1
C
2
With R
1
+A
V
R
3
giving R
3
+
1
A
V
w
o
2
R
2
C
1
C
2
R
3
+
1
A
V
w
o
2
R
2
C
1
C
2
+
QR
2
(A
V
)1)
w
o
C
1
A
V
R
2
*QA
V



















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Crossmultiply :

w
o
C
1
A
V
R
2
*QA
V
+A
V
w
o
2
R
2
2
C
1
C
2
Q(A
V
)1)

Isolate on C
1
:

QA
V
+C
1

w
o
A
V
R
2
*A
V
w
o
2
R
2
2
C
2
Q(A
V
)1)

C
1
+
QA
V
A
V
w
o
R
2

1*w
o
R
2
C
2
Q(A
V
)1)

C
1
+
Q
w
o
R
2

1*Qw
o
R
2
C
2

A
V
)1

(solution for C
1
)































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C
1
+C
2
+
Q
w
o
R
2

1*R
2
C
2
Qw
o
(1)A
V
)

C
2
*C
2
2

R
2
Qw
o
(1)A
V
)

+
Q
w
o
R
2
C
2
2
*C
2
1
R
2
Qw
o
(1)A
V
)
)
1

R
2
w
o

2
(1)A
V
)
+0

Let: R
2
w
o
1)A
V

+x

C
2
2
*C
2
1
Qx 1)A
V

)
1
x
2
+0

C
2
2
)bC
2
)c +0

C
2
+ *
b
2
1 " 1*
4c
b
2


Substituting b +
*1
Qx 1)A
V

and c +
1
x
2
,

C
2
+
1
2Qx 1)A
V

1 " 1*
4
x
2
Q
2
x
2
(1)A
V
)

C
2
+
1
2Qx 1)A
V

1 " 1*

2Q

1)A
V



C
2
+
1
2QR
2
w
o

1)A
V

1 " 1*

2Q

1)A
V



C
2
+
1
2QR
2
w
o

1)A
V

With A
V
+ 1, this produces
1
4QR
2
w
o

C
2
+
1
1.43R
2
w
o
+ C
1

if A
V
+ 1 and Q + 0.357 is the target

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1
b
+
s
2
)s

1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
C
2
R
2

)
1
R
2
R
1
R
3
C
1
C
2
s
2
)s

1
C
1
R
3
)
1
C
1
R
1
R
2

)
1
R
1
R
2
C
1
C
2

1
b
+
s
2
)s
w
o
Q
)
1
R
2
C
2
)

1)A
V

w
o
2
s
2
)s
w
o
Q
)w
o
2

Define
w
o
Q
)
1
R
2
C
2
+
w
C
Q
C
and substitute: w
o
1)A
V

+w
C

s
2
)s
w
c
Q
c
)w
c
2
+0

w
o
R
2
C
2
+
1
Q(1)A
V
)

1
R
2
C
2
+w
o
Q(1)A
V
)






















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Z
1,2
+
*w
C
2Q
C
1 " 1*

2Q
C

Let w
C
+ w
o
1)A
V

and setting Q
C
to have
1
R
2
C
2
+ w
o
Q(1)A
V
)

Q
C
+
w
c
w
o
Q
)
1
R
2
C
2
+
w
o
1)A
V

w
o
Q
)w
o
Q

1)A
V

+
Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2

1)A
V

Z
1,2
+
*
w
o
1)A
V

2Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2

1)A
V

1 " 1*

2Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2

1)A
V

Z
1,2
+ *
w
o
2Q

1)Q
2

1)A
V

1 " 1*
4Q
2

1)A
V

1)Q
2

1)A
V

Define x +Q 1)A
V

to substitute in temporarily.

Z
1,2
+
*w
o
Q

1)x
2
2

1 " 1*
4x
2

1)x
2

Distribute
1)x
2
2
through :

Z
1,2
+
*w
o
Q

1)x
2
2
"
1)x
2
2

2
*x
2

Z
1,2
+
*w
o
Q

1)x
2
2
"
1
4
)
x
2
2
)
x
4
4
*x
2


Z
1,2
+
*w
o
Q

1)x
2
2
"
1
2
1*2x
2
)x
4
+
*w
o
Q

1)x
2
2
"
1
2

x
2
*1

Z
1,2
+
*w
o
Q

1
2
)
x
2
2
"
x
2
2
*
1
2










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Z
1
+
*w
o
Q

x
2

+
*w
o
Q
Q
2

1)A
V

+ *w
o
Q

1)A
V

Z
2
+
*w
o
Q

1

+
*w
o
Q

if Q u1,

Z
2

tw
o

To get repeated real zeroes, set Z
1
+ Z
2
and solve :

w
o
Q
+w
o
Q

1)A
V

or when: 1 + Q
2

1)A
V

Z
1
+Z
2
+*w
o
2

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R
3
+
QR
2

A
V
)1

w
o
A
V
R
2
C
1
*QA
V
C
1
+
Q
w
o
R
2

1*Qw
o
R
2
C
2
(A
V
)1)

R
3
+
QR
2

A
V
)1

w
o
A
V
R
2
Q
w
o
R
2
1*Qw
o
R
2
C
2
A
V
)1
*QA
V

Pulling
A
V
)1
A
V
out and cancelling Q, dividing w
O
R
2
out of the first denominator term :

R
3
+
A
V
)1
A
V
R
2
1
1*Qw
o
R
2
C
2
A
V
)1
*1

Multiplying the denominator term through :

R
3
+
A
V
)1
A
V
R
2
1*Qw
o
R
2
C
2

A
V
)1

1*1)Qw
o
R
2
C
2

A
V
)1

+
A
V
)1
A
V
R
2

1
Qw
o
R
2
C
2

A
V
)1

*1

R
3
+
1
Qw
o
C
2
A
V
*
A
V
)1
A
V
R
2
+
R
2
Qw
o
R
2
C
2
A
V
*R
2
1)
1
A
V

R
2
+ R
2

1
Qw
o
R
2
C
2
A
V
*1*
1
A
V

1 +
1
Qw
o
R
2
C
2
A
V
*1*
1
A
V
2 +
1
A
V

1
Qw
o
R
2
C
2
*1

then 2A
V
)1 +
1
Qw
o
R
2
C
2
w
o
R
2
C
2
+
1
Q(2A
V
)1)

1
w
o
R
2
C
2
+Q(2A
V
)1)












































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Z
1,2
+ *
w
C
2Q
C
1 " 1*

2Q
C

where :

w
C
+w
o
1)A
V

and
Q
C
+
w
c
w
o
Q
)
1
R
2
C
2
Then, putting in
1
R
2
C
2
+w
o
Q(2A
V
)1) :

Q
C
+
w
o
1)A
V

w
o
Q
)w
o
Q

2A
V
)1

+
Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2
(2A
V
)1)

Z
1,2
+
*w
o
1)A
V

2Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2
2A
V
)1

1 " 1*

2Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2

2A
V
)1

Z
1,2
+ *
w
o
2Q

1)Q
2

2A
V
)1

1 " 1*

2Q 1)A
V

1)Q
2

2A
V
)1

These will be noise gain zeroes with: w
o
R
2
C
2
+
1
Q(2A
V
)1)

which will constrain: R
3
+R
2

So, in general:
1
Q(2A
V
)1)
vw
o
R
C
C
2
t
1
Q(A
V
)1)

with
1
Q(2A
V
)1)
derived via R
3
+R
2
and
1
Q(A
V
)1)
derived via C
1
R.

Q(2A + 1)
V
> Q(A + 1)
V
1
w R C
o 2 2
R = R limit
3 2
C = limit
1

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