SURVIVAL TOOLS

In 1787, after the delegates in Philadelphia signed the new United States Constitution, a woman approached Benjamin Franklin. Well, Doctor she asked, What do we have, a Monarchy or a Republic? Franklin replied, A Republic, if you can keep it.

Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. Ben Franklin

This text is dedicated to all those who would keep America free. A special tribute to the United States Army Irregular Militia.

Table of Contents: Volume 1. Memory wiper Nerve gas, Kitchen method More Nerve gases TCDD Dioxin Radioactive Poison Death Bringer Killer Vapors Trackless Death Wet Work Bug Heaven Stink bomb A sub-nuclear device for you Ethylene manufacture Mustard Gas production Sulfur monochloride Hydrogen cyanide Phosgene gas Phenol (Carbolic acid) Chloropicrin gas Picric acid Arsine gas Lewisite gas Thermite

Self detonating explosive Engine wrecker Delayed fire Nitroglycerin Nitrocellulose Potassium nitrate from Sodium nitrate Nitric acid Hydrochloric acid Ether B.A.L. (British anti-lewisite) Basic Demolition Plastic explosive TNT manufacture Blasting caps The pain of death Petro numb Tetryl production Composition C3 Composition C4 Tetrytol production Derail operation

Memory Wiper
Ativan (Lorazepa) Injection (Lorazepam) Wyeth a benzodiazepene Lorazepam is a nearly white powder almost insoluble in water. Each ml. of sterile injection contains either 2.0 or 4.0 mg. of Lorazepam, .18 ml Polyethylene Glycol 400 in Propylene Glycol with 2.0% Benzyl Alcohol as preservative. Intravenous or intramuscular administration of .05 mg/kg up to a total of 4 mg may be administered. Care should be taken that arterial injection is avoided. Arterial spasm would result resulting in gangrene and resultant amputation. For optimum effect, measured as lack of recall, Intramuscular Lorazepam should be administered at least two hours before the anticipated operative procedure. -CAUTIONPrior to intravenous use, Ativan Injection should be diluted with an equal amount of sterile, pure water. Memory wipe is two hours before injection and three hours after injection. Even the injection is forgotten. A useful spread of time indeed. Ativan is used in hospitals to wipe the patients memory of the trauma of the operating room. A nice touch.

The lack of recall and recognition was optimum within two hours following intramuscular administration and 15-20 minutes after intravenous injection. The intended effects of the recommended adult dose of lorazepam injection usually last 6-8 hours. In rare instances where patients received greater than the recommended dose, excessive sleepiness and prolonged lack of recall were noted. CAUTION-Intravenous injection should be made slowly and with repeated aspiration. Care should be taken to determine that any injection will not be intra-arterial and that peri-vascular extravasation will not take place. Partial airway obstruction may occur in heavily sedated patients.

Nerve gas, Kitchen method

Mix Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with Dursban (the insecticide) and dispense as an aerosol, paint or contaminant. Dursban is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Atropine is antidotal. Atropine must be injected within 15 seconds of the incidence of nerve gas or the ability to self treat will be lost. Atropine must be injected in sufficient quantity and with sufficient frequency to adequately clear the nerve block caused by the cholinesterase inhibitor. DMSO is a byproduct of the pulp paper industry and is used as a solvent. More nerve gases Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP), Tetraaethyl pyrophosphate (TPP), Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). All of the above are cholinesterase inhibiting nerve gases developed during the second world war. DFP is the nerve gas that killed all those sheep near Dugway, Utah. That was a small spill and was five miles away.

TCDD Dioxin
2,3,7,8-tetra-chloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, Dioxin) is the contaminant in Agent Orange. 0.6 microgram per kilogram is lethal to guinea pigs. TCDD Dioxin may be prepared merely by burning Pentachlorophenol (Penta), the wood preservative. TCDD,Dioxin is the stuff that destroyed Times Beach, Missouri and Sveso, Italy.

TCDD Dioxin is the contaminant in Agent Orange, the defoliant used so heavily in the Vietnam war. Agent Orange, was an equal mixture of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid). Some of the 2,4,5-T was contaminated with an extremely toxic compound known as dioxin (2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin).

Radioactive Poison
Americium 241 Each smoke alarm found in the home contains one microcurie of the radioactive element Americium 241. Americium is an alpha and beta emitter. Americium may be dissolved with aqua regia and this neutralized with sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide. The precipitate when evaporated to dryness yields a powderable solid. These radioactive powders are not readily detected and may be used for such wide ranging tasks as area denial, food denial, material tracking, cache marking, etc. Alpha and Beta emitters can be deadly if absorbed, inhaled or swallowed. Use caution, dustmask, protective clothing and use radiological monitoring equipment frequently.

Death Bringer
Mix dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with Paraquat (the herbicide) and dispense where it will come into contact with skin or spray into the air for the group effect. This mixture produces death within two weeks with almost no warning or chance of survival. The lungs of the victims(s) are like cellophane (crackly) and do not grab oxygen. Death is by suffocation and occurs within hours of the onset of distress. Lung transplant is futile.

Killer Vapors
Mixing powdered nickel with carbon monoxide produces a liquid. This liquid is Nickel carbonyl. Ni(CO)4 A cumulative irreversable lung killer, and not detected by any of the five senses, Nickel carbonyl can be a very insidious poison. Death from lung failure can be expected within two weeks. No DMSO is required here. This stuff is capable of dealing death all by itself. Dispense as a chilled liquid and leave!

Trackless Death
The stun gun is an extremely useful device. Stun a victim with it and while they are down, place a plastic bag over head and shoulders and allow to suffocate. Remove bag and the job is done. The longer the stun gun is applied, the longer the victim will be down. Some testing of your stun gun will aid in predicting down times.

Wet Work
The versatile stun gun can be used to drop a victim long enough to cause suffocation by liquids, dusts,gases, etc. This would also be a good time for the memory wiper, radioactive dust or liquid, etc.

Bug Heaven
Scatter semiconductor junction devices such as transistors, integrated circuits, diodes, etc., around new construction sites that you suspect may be suitable future targets of electronic monitoring. When such a place is swept with a microwave source, the junctions emit a signal that will activate the bug detector and may contribute to the destruction of a wall or two. Suggestions include placing devices in concrete before pouring, mixing devices with the sand, pushing devices into wet mortar, etc. Be creative.

Stink Bomb
Ethyl mercaptan is described by the Guinness Book of World Records as the worst stench known to man. It is used in natural gas as an oderant in the ratio of approximately 1 part per million. Ethyl Mercaptan is made by bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas through chilled ethyl alcohol. Ethyl mercaptan and water are produced. Ethyl mercaptan is soluble in water in all proportions. Hydrogen sulfide may be prepared by heating paraffin and sulfur with asbestos as a catalyst. Ferrous sulfide and hydrochloric acid also yield hydrogen sulfide gas. Ferrous sulfide may be prepared by mixing and heating 5x of iron filings and 3x by weight of sulfur and heating. CARE! MUCH HEAT IS EVOLVED WHEN THE MIX IS HEATED ENOUGH FOR THE

REACTION TO GAIN MOMENTUM. BE PREPARED FOR MORE HEAT THAN YOU PUT IN.

A Sub-nuclear device for you

Take one gas hot water heater and fill the water compartment with liquid propane. Ethylene will work even better. Diesel fuel will work too. Gasoline has lots of heat energy, too. Ethel or unleaded. Seal one end of the flue pipe and fill the pipe with an explosive of your choice. Dynamite comes to mind. A mixture of potassium chlorate or perchlorate with diesel fuel will do. This mix is a dandy liquid explosive. Seal the top of the flu pipe with a suitable detonator and get the thing up off the ground. Suggestions include roof tops, towers, planes, balloons, etc. and blow it. Provide a source of ignition for the oxygenated fuel cloud. Try sending up a long life aerial flare to drop back down into the oxygenated fuel cloud. A burning building will work, too.

Ethylene manufacture
To make ethylene, a mixture of alcohol with six parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid is heated to 165 degrees, and a mixture of one part of alcohol to two parts of sulfuric acid is dropped in slowly. Ethylene gas is evolved. C2H6O>H2O+C2H4 Ethylene is a colorless gas nearly insoluble in water. It burns with a luminous flame. It is a very good anesthetic and has a wide range of safety before toxicity is a problem. It is a very useful field anesthetic.

Mustard gas production

Mixing ethylene gas and sulfur monochloride gas produces Mustard gas. The passage of Ethylene(ethene) into sulfur monochloride or hypochlorous acid followed by sodium sulfide and acid treatment to give bis-2-chloroethyl sulfide.(Mustard gas). H2C:CH2+S2Cl2+H2C:CH2>Cl.CH2.CH2.S.CH2.CH2Cl (Mustard gas) + sulfur Also by: H2C.CH2+HO.Cl>HO.CH2.CH2.Cl (Ethylene chlorohydrin), then 2 HO.CH2.Cl+Na2S>(HO.CH2.CH2)2S+2 NaCl, and (HO.CH2.CH2)S+ 2 HCl>(Cl.CH2.CH2)2S+2H2O Mustard gas may also be produced by treating ethylene

oxide with hydrogen sulfide, and the treatment of the thiodiglycol thus obtained with hydrogen chloride near the locality where the mustard gas is to be used, as: O /\ 1. 2H2CCH2+H2S>HO.CH2.CH2.S.CH2.CH2.OH,bis-2-hydroxyethyl sulfide, thiodiglycol, and 2. (HO.CH2.CH2)2S+2HCl>(Cl.CH2.CH2)2S+2H2O. This process has a decided advantage in that the thiodiglycol is safe to transport, and is readily converted to the mustard gas as needed.

Sulfur monochloride production

Sulfur monochloride may be prepared by the direct union of the elements when chlorine is passed over fused sulfur: 2S+2Cl>S2Cl2. It is produced also when dry chlorine is passed into carbon disulfide to which a little iodine has been added: CS2+3Cl2>CCl4+s2cL2. Both carbon tetrachloride and sulfur monochloride are volatile liquids, but they are readily separated by distillation since the former boils at 76.7 degrees C. and the latter at 138 degrees c. Sulfur monochloride is an amber colored liquid with a specific gravity of 1.706, a boiling point of 138 degrees, and a freezing point of -80 degrees C. It has a disagreeable, pungent odor, it fumes in moist air, and it is hydrolyzed by water, yielding HCl,S,SO2, and various oxyacids of sulfur. Sulfur monochloride is a splendid solvent for sulfur. Sulfur monochloride can be mixed with ethylene to make mustard gas, which see.

Hydrogen Cyanide
Hydrogen cyanide is made by interacting Sodium cyanide with concentrated H2SO4 or other mineral acid: NaCN+H2SO4>HCN+NaHSO4 Sodium cyanide is obtained by combining sodium, carbon and ammonia at high temperature: 2Na+2C+2NH3(heat)>2NaCN+3H2 Cyanogen, C2N2, is a colorless, very poisonous gas that burns with a blue flame. Cyanogen may be prepared by heating a solution containing copper(II) ions and cyanide ions. Cyanogen hydrolyzes in a manner analogous to that of molecular chlorine. CN2+H2)>HCN+HOCN Cyanogen + water yields hydrogen cyanide + cyanic acid.

Phosgene gas
(Carbonyl chloride) COCl2 Phosgene may be prepared by mixing chlorox and ammonia. or: by mixing chlorine gas and carbon monoxide and exposing the mixture to sunlight. or: by passing carbon tetrachloride through a carbon arc. or: exposing chloroform to air and light: 2CHCl3+O2/(air and light)>2Cl.CO.Cl(Phosgene)+2HCl. or: 4CHCl3+3O2/(excess oxygen)>4Cl.CO.Cl+2Cl2+2H2O. Phosgene smells like new mown hay. Small amounts are deadly. Phosgene is a suffocating gas and can be manufactured by the union of carbon monoxide and chlorine at a temperature around 100 degrees C. or less, with activated charcoal as the catalyst. Phosgene is formed in a variety of chemical reactions chiefly that of the action of water on carbon tetrachloride, which takes place at almost any temperature. Phosgene is a gas at ordinary temperature with melting point -75 degrees C. and boiling point at 8.2 degrees C. Phosgene damages the lungs with the result of HCl attacking lung tissue.

The synthesis of phenol or carbolic acid

Phenol, C6H5(OH) may be made from benzene. Benzene reacts slowly with sulfuric acid, forming benzene sulfonic acid and water, thus: C6H6+H2SO4>C6H5SO2OH+H2O The product is an acid the sodium salt of which when fused with an excess of sodium hydroxide gives phenol: C6H5OH+NaOH>C6H5ONa+H2O Phenol is a white crystalline substance having a peculiar, aromatic odor. Phenol is a highly caustic organic acid obtained from coal tar by fractional distillation or made synthetically. In pure form it occurs as colorless needle-shaped crystals or a white crystalline mass. Phenol is soluble in water 1 to 15 and miscible in alcohol in all proportions. Phenol is employed chiefly as an antiseptic and germicide; it also acts as a local anesthetic. Internally, it is caustic and poisonous. Phenol also makes a pretty decent explosive, TNP or trinitrophenol.

Chloropicrin
CCl3.NO2

Chloropicrin may be made by the action of bleaching powder on picric acid. Chloropicrin is a high boiling liquid. It is extremely irritating to the eyes, is poisonous, and causes vomiting. It passes readily through the fabric of most gas masks and clothing. It is absorbed with difficulty in the cannister of chemicals used with a mask. Bleaching powder may be made by the action of chlorine gas on slaked lime,(calcium hydroxide). Cl2+Ca(OH)2>CaCl(OCl)+H2O Chloropicrin is produced comercially by the action of bleaching powder and steam on calcium picrate. CHCl3+NO3>Cl3.NO2 (Chloropicrin b.p. 112 degrees C.) + H2O.

Arsine gas
Arsenic and hydrogen form a gaseous compound called arsine, ASH3. This is produced along with hydrogen when any soluble arsenic compound is added to a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid. Arsine is an extremely poisonous gas and must be handled with great caution.

Lewisite, a war gas

Lewisite is obtained by passing acetylene into arsenic trichloride in the presence of aluminum trichloride as a catalyst. Beta-chlorovinyldichloroarsine (2-chloro-1-dichloroarsinoethene) Lewisite blisters the skin and is a powerful irritant for the eyes and lungs. It is highly toxic and inhalation of even small amounts causes death. BAL (British anti-Lewisite is antidota).

Thermite production
Thermite is a mixture of aluminum powder and iron oxide. (Boiler scale works best). 2Al+Fe2O3 When this mixture is ignited by means of a magnesium ribbon fuse, reduction takes place, accompanied by the evolution of an enormous amount of heat, and the production of molten iron. Thermite is used for welding of railroad tracks, propellor shafts, and other machinery. It is useful also for fusing machinery, breaching vats and starting blazes. thermite may be started with a match if a plug of barium peroxide and magnesium powder is used to prime it.

A source of this plug material is the common sparkler fireworks. One even has a choice of colors.

Self detonating explosive

Mix powdered copper with ammonium nitrate and moisten with water. Cupric nitrate will form and spontaneously explode. This mixture can be used as a detonator for a much larger stack of ammonium nitrate. One gallon kerosene mixed with each fifty pounds of ammonium nitrate added to the stack will boost the explosive yield tremendously. Adding aluminum powder to the mix will boost the yield again.

Engine wrecker
One ounce of pine rosin dissolved in a gallon of gasoline and introduced into the fuel tank of your choice will give the unlucky engine three hours of running time. After these three hours of running time, when the engine is allowed to cool, it will not be able to be restarted without overhaul. If the tank is not drained, the next engine suffers the same fate. This method has been tested (by the U.S. Army.) It is effective.

Delayed Fire
Cotton waste soaked with tung oil (Chinawood oil) will burst into flame several hours afterward. Potassium permanganate crystals with a drop or two of glycerin on it will burst into flame 15 seconds later. A lighted cigarette placed between the rows of the heads in a book of matches will produce a dandy timed burst of flame. This one is nearly perfect for producing a blast from gasoline vapors. The cigarette is not likely to set off the gasoline vapors, but the book of matches is plenty good. Bonfire. Any of the chlorates or perchlorates when mixed in water solution with sugar, will turn any cotton waste or paper into a flame waiting for a place to happen. When dried, the absorbent is instantly ignitable by match, fuse, or contact with concentrated sulfuric acid. White phosphorus stored under kerosene will burst into flame shortly after being introduced to atmosphere. White phosphorus is used as the igniter for napalm for this reason.

Self Igniting Molotov Cocktail

Place three glass marbles into a pint glass jar. Pour one inch of concentrated sulfuric acid into the jar and fill to within an inch of the top with gasoline or kerosene. Coat all interior surfaces of the screw cap with paraffin to prevent acidic erosion in the event of tipping and seal firmly. Prepare a saturated water solution of sugar and potassium chlorate or of sugar and potassium perchlorate, soak a paper towel in the solution and wrap it around the jar. Secure it with a string and allow to dry. When thrown, the marbles insure glass breakage and also prevent throwbacks. When the glass breaks, the acid contacts the chlorate mix and generates necessary flame for ignition. This nifty device has the added advantage that there is no telltale trail of flame leading anxious eyes to your position. A good safety tip is to use the perchlorate since the chlorate is very friction sensitive, and to apply the towel just prior to use.

Nitroglycerine
Nitroglycerine (glycerol trinitrate) is made by the reaction between glycerine and nitric acid: C3H5(OH)3+3HNO3>3H2O+C3H5(NO3)3+3H2O Nitroglycerine is manufactured by slowly adding glycerine to a thoroughly cooled mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. DURING THE PROCESS, THE LIQUID MIXTURE IS KEPT COLD AND THOROUGHLY STIRRED, AND THE TEMPERATURE IS WATCHED TO SEE THAT IT DOES NOT RISE ABOVE 22 DEGREES C. The nitroglycerine being lighter than the mixed acids and not miscible with them, collects in a layer on top. The nitroglycerine is washed repeatedly in pure water OF IDENTICAL TEMPERATURE after the entire mix is poured into water again of the same temperature. THERMAL SHOCK IS TO BE AVOIDED AS WELL AS PHYSICAL SHOCK. Nitroglycerine is a thick, colorless, odorless liquid, which is soluble in water. It solidifies at 4 degrees C. It explodes violently when heated or when subjected to a sudden shock. When it explodes, the compound instantly decomposes into a large volume of gaseous products. It contains more than enough oxygen for its complete combustion: 4C3H5(NO3)3 > 12CO2 ^ + 10H2O ^ +6N2 ^ +O2 ^ For convenience in use and to control its explosive power, nitroglycerine is mixed with various porous solids such as wood pulp, diatomaceous earth, oatmeal, etc. Such is dynamite. Sodium nitrate is sometimes added to furnish oxygen for the combustion of the wood pulp.

Nitrocellulose may be dissolved in nitroglycerine to make an explosive more powerful than either. This mix is known as blasting gelatin or cordite depending on the mix.

Guncotton
Guncotton is made from cotton just as in making nitroglycerine. The product is a white solid scarcely differing in appearance from the cotton from which it was made. It is far less sensitive to shock than nitroglycerine, especially when in a moist state, and since it can be perfectly exploded while moist by the use of a detonator it is one of the safest and most useful of explosives.

Potassium nitrate from sodium nitrate

Dissolve 22 grams of potassium chloride in 45 cc. of boiling water in a large test tube or beaker. Boil 20 cc. of water in a beaker (set on a wire gauze) and add 25 grams of sodium nitrate. When this has dissolved, add the boiling solution of potassium chloride and continue heating for a minute or so. Allow the mixture to settle and immediately pour the hot liquid off the crystalline residue into another clean beaker. This liquid contains the potassium nitrate. Allow it to cool, and much will precipitate. Evaporate the liquid to get the rest.

Nitric acid
Place 85 grams of sodium nitrate with 100 grams sulfuric acid in a retort and heat the mixture gently. Route the vapor through a glass condenser with cooling. DO NOT USE RUBBER TUBING TO CONNECT APPARATUS (it will nitrate and possibly explode.) The condensate is the nitric acid.

Hydrochloric acid
If we place in a flask 58 grams of dry common salt (NaCl) and 100 grams of sulfuric acid, to which 30 grams of water has been added, and warm the mixture, a change occurs with the production of a colorless gas which dissolves in water very readily, giving a solution of hydrochloric acid. CAUTION- USE VENTILATION AND DO NOT BREATH THE FUMES. LUNG DAMAGE CAN BE EASILY PRODUCED BY GASEOUS HCL.

Ether (Diethyl ether)

C2H5OC2H5+H2O Ether is made by allowing ethyl alcohol to drop slowly into a mixture of ethyl alcohol and two parts of concentrated sulfuric acid at 140 degrees C. Crude ether distills off and is condensed by cooling its vapor.

BAL (British anti-lewisite)

BAL is 2,3-dimercaptopropanol the sulfhydryl groups of which compete with the proteins sulfhydryl groups for the toxic substance.

Basic Demolition
Cutting steel by the use of explosives is not an easy task. Aside from the natural strength and hardness of the metal, the configuration is often another complicating factor. Cutting a structural steel target such as an I-beam poses no great problem, regardless of the explosive used. There is no difficulty in achieving close contact between the blocks of TNT or tetrytol and the flat surface of of the I-beam. Trying to get the same type of close contact between TNT and a round steel target, however, is another matter. Cylindrical steel targets, such as turbine shafts, are not only difficult to cut because of their shape, but the metal employed in their construction is exceptionally hard. To cut a round turbine shaft just one foot in diameter requires a large amount of explosive, using conventional techniques, and even with an overcharge, results are not always assured. There are two charges that have been designed specifically to cope with this problem, the saddle and the diamond charge. The ribbon charge has been designed to cope with noncylindrical targets of structural steel. Saddle Charge A saddle charge can be used to cut mild steel cylindrical targets up to eight inches in diameter. Dimensions are as follows: The short base of the charge is equal to one-half the circumference of the target. The length or long axis of the charge is equal to twice the base. (Said another way, It is equal to the circumference.) Thickness of the charge is one-third block of C3 or C4 for targets from 6 to 8 inches in diameter. Above 8 inches in diameter, or for alloy steel shafts, use the diamond charge. Prime the charge from the apex of the triangle, and the target is cut at a point directly

under the short base by cross-fracture. Neither saddle nor diamond charges will produce reliable results against non-solid targets, such as gun barrels. Diamond charge This charge can be used to cut hard or alloy steel. Dimensions are as follows: The long axis of the diamond charge should equal the circumference of the target, and the points should just touch on the far side. The short axis is equal to the circumference. Thickness of the charge is one third thickness of a block of C3 or C4. To prime the charge, both points of the short axis must be primed for simultaneous detonation. This can be accomplished electrically or by use of equal lengths of detonating cord, with a cap crimped on the end that is inserted into the charge. As detonation is initiated, in each point of the diamond, and moves toward the center, the detonating waves meet at the exact center of the charge, are deflected downward, and cut the shaft cleanly at that point. The diamond charge is more time consuming to construct, and requires more care and more materials to prime. Transferring the charge dimensions to a template of cardboard or even cloth permits relatively easy charge construction (working directly on the target is extremely difficult). The completed wrapped charge is then transferred to the target and taped or tied in place, insuring that maximum close contact is achieved. The template technique should be used for both the saddle and diamond charges. Ribbon Charge To cut non-cylindrical steel targets the ribbon charge produces excellent results at a considerable savings in explosive. Dimensions are as follows: The thickness of the charge is equal to the thickness of the target to be cut. Note: Never construct a charge less than inch thick. Width of the ribbon is equal to twice the thickness of the target. Length of the charge is equal to the length of the desired cut. Prime from an end, and for relatively thin charges, build up the end to be primed. Build up corners if the charge is designed to cut a target such as an I-beam. Tamping is unnecessary with the ribbon charge. A frame can be constructed out of stiff cardboard or plywood to give rigidity to the charge and to facilitate handling, carrying and emplacing it. The ribbon charge is effective only against targets up to two inches thick, which accounts for the great majority of flat steel targets likely to be encountered. Platter Charge The platter charge has been developed to breach volatile fuel containers and ignite their contents from distances up to fifty yards. The platter can also be employed to destroy small electrical transformers or other soft targets, again from a distance. Platters do not have to be round or concave, although a round or concave platter is undoubtedly best. The concave side of the platter faces the target, and the explosive is molded to the reverse side. Flat, square, or rectangular platters are permissible, with steel being the best

material. Platter size preferably should be between 2 to 6 pounds, and the weight of explosive should approximately equal platter weight. The explosive should be uniformly packed behind the platter and it must be primed from exact rear center. Build up the C4 in the center of the charge if necessary to insure detonation. A container for the explosive is completely unnecessary for the platter charge, as long as some way is found to hold the plastic firmly to the platter. Tape is acceptable. The platter range is about 50 yards, depending primarily on the size of the target to be attacked. Practice helps. Shaped Charge The angle of the cavity of an improvised shaped charge should be between 30 and 60 degrees. Standoff should be from one to two times the diameter of the cone. Height of the explosive, measured from the base of the cone, should be twice the height of the cone. Exact center priming is important, as is tamped C4. Trial-and-error experimentation in determining optimum standoff should be stressed. Due to the many variables involved, such as explosive density and both density and configuration of the cavity liners, accurate reproducible results are almost impossible to obtain. A point worth mentioning in preparing hollow-bottomed bottles for shaped-charge use is to hold the bottle upright when burning the string soaked with gasoline. As the flame goes out, submerge the bottle, neck first, in water. If done well, the bottle will break cleanly where the string was burned. Hemispherical cavities will produce more surface damage on the target, but less penetration. A true cone with an angle of about 45 degrees will produce more penetration, which is the most desired result. Melting TNT in a double-boiler will produce an explosive loading of excellent density. Dynamite can be used if no other explosive is available, with reduced yield. The higher the weight strength the dynamite, the better the results.It will penetrate mild steel targets up to two inches in thickness. Cratering charge Ammonium nitrate (AN) fertilizer is a material that is readily available in many parts of the world. With AN and one other ingredient, we have the ability to tailor make cratering charges to fit our needs. A rule of thumb for an improvised cratering charge is as follows: To each 25 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which should be the prilled or pellitized variety, add about one quart of diesel fuel, motor oil, used or not, or gasoline. Allow the charge to soak for one hour, prime with one pound of TNT or equivalent, tamp well in a suitable borehole, and detonate. Do not allow the AN to become wet with water. A 40 pound charge of AN will produce a nice crater. Ammonium Nitrate Satchel Charge While the cratering charge is a good one, it is only suitable for cratering. A more versatile charge can be made from AN, using wax as the second ingredient rather than oil. The procedure for making this charge is merely to melt ordinary paraffin and stir in AN pellets, insuring that the wax is thoroughly mixed with the AN while still hot. Before the mixture hardens, add a pound block of TNT or its equivalent as a primer. A #10 can makes a good container for this charge. The addition of shrapnel and a handle to the

exterior of the charge makes an excellent satchel charge or booby trap. Suitably sealed, this device will keep well and will not draw moisture.

RDX (A Plastic Explosive Component)

To about one gallon of strong formaldehyde solution,(35-40%,add an excess (about two gallons) of concentrated aqueous ammonia, M(28%), and evaporate to dryness on a water or steam bath. The white solid which is left is: Hexamethylenetetramine. With a chilled mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids, nitrate this compound. Wash with water until litmus shows no acid. This compound is called RDX. It is a powerful explosive and when mixed with a suitable texturizer and adhesive materials makes a good plastic explosive.

The pain of death

Gasoline, regular or unleaded, when ingested in eight ounce dosage, will produce hydrolysis of the liver and certain death. This death does not come as swiftly or easily as the ingestor might wish. The process of liver destruction by hydrolysis is perhaps the most painful dying known to man. The only way to alleviate the pain is total unconciousness. Anything less brings agony.

Petro Numb
Total paralysis of the voluntary muscles of the body may be produced by frying foods in good clean motor oil. Mobility is not recovered. No county fair ribbons on this dish. The French used this one on the occupation germans in world war two.

TNT manufacture
The first lab procedure is to make the proper acid concentrations. In one beaker, the percentages used are: 76% sulphuric, 23% nitric, and 1% water. In another beaker, the acid mixture is: 57% nitric and 43% sulphuric. The other steps used will be listed numerically. It is proper to prepare a good amount of the acid mixtures, and remember to use weight percentages, and not volume.

1. The ice water cooling method is set up. Ten grams of the first acid mixture is poured into an empty beaker, which is set in the ice water. 2. Ten grams of toluene is then added to this beaker, and stirred for five minutes. 3. This beaker is then taken out of the ice water and gently heated to fifty degrees centigrade. This mixture is also stirred while it is being heated. 4. Fifty more grams of the first acid mix are added, and the temperature is increased to 55 degrees centigrade. This 55 degree temperature is kept for the next ten minutes after the additional acid has been added. An oily liquid will begin to form on top of the acid in this beaker. 5. After the ten minutes, the beaker is placed back in the ice water, and cooled down to 45 degrees C. The oily liquid is allowed to settle to the bottom of the beaker. The acid remaining, is drawn off by means of a syringe. 6. The oily liquid is kept at the 45 degree temperature, and 50 more grams of the first acid mixture is added, while slowly increasing the temperature to 83 degrees C. It is important to increase the temperature slowly. After the 83 degree temperature is reached, it is maintained for thirty minutes. 7. After the thirty minutes, the mixture is cooled down to 60 degrees C. and allowed to settle at this temperature for another half hour. The acids are again removed. 8. The beaker of oily liquid is again heated and thirty grams of sulfuric acid is added. The temperature is slowly raised to 80 degrees C. 9. Thirty grams of the second acid mixture is now added, while the temperature is increased from 80 degrees C. to 104 degrees C., and maintained for three hours. 10. After the three hour period, the mix is lowered to 100 degrees C. for thirty minutes. The oil is then removed from the acids, and thoroughly washed with boiling water. 11. After the boiling treatment, while constantly being stirred, the TNT will begin to solidify. 12. The TNT is then boiled in fresh water containing a small amount of sodium bicarbonate. Wash as many times as necessary to achieve a neutral condition as shown by the litmus test. 13. After suitable washing and as it cools, the TNT will start to solidify. Add cold water so it will solidify in pellet form. 14. TNT may be melted and cast into containers for bursting charges or cast into blocks for booster charges for ammonium nitrate explosives.

Blasting Caps
Mercury fulminate, Hg(ONC)2, is prepared by dissolving pure mercury into nitric acid of specific gravity 1.42. A small amount may be prepared by taking 5 grams of mercury and pouring it into about 35 ml. of nitric acid. The mixture is then heated slowly. It will bubble, and turn green, as the silver mercury is dissolved. It is then poured into a small flask of ethyl alcohol. The flask will then begin to give off red fumes. You are to be prepared for these fumes by supplying yourself with a suitable ventillation hood. In about half an hour, or sooner, white fumes will appear, indicating that the reaction is nearing its final phase. After a five minute wait, distilled water is added, and the whole mix filtered, to obtain the white precipitate crystals. The white crystals are the mercury

fulminate, and it should be washed again and again,until no acid is present as indicated by the litmus test. * * * * Another method of mercury fulminate production is to mix mercuric oxide and ammonia solution. This is done in a weight ratio of 10 parts of ammonia solution to every part of mercuric oxide used. In about ten days, mercuric oxide will react with ammonia solution to produce the white fulminate crystals. These crystals must be filtered and washed as before. Be cautious with mercury fulminate! Tetryl manufacture Tetryl is prepared by nitrating dimethylaniline. A small amount of the dimethylaniline is dissolved in an excess of sulfuric acid. This mixture is then added to an equal amount of concentrated nitric acid. The mix is kept well stirred, and the container used, in an ice water bath. The solution is kept at a temperature of 70 degrees C. After about five minutes, the tetryl is filtered and washed in cold water. It is then boiled in fresh water containing a small amount of sodium carbonate to remove excess acidity. As in TNT preparation, the washing is performed as many times as necessary, on the basis of the litmus test. It must be neutral. After washing, the tetryl is filtered and allowed to dry. When tetryl is detonated, its effects are much the same as TNT.

Composition C3
Composition C3 contains : 77% RDX 3% Tetryl 4% TNT 16% plasticiser containing nitrocellulose

Composition C4
Composition C4 contains: 91% RDX 2.1% polyisobutylene 5.3% diethylhexyl sebacate 1.6% motor oil

Tetrytol
Tetrytol contains: 70% tetryl 30% TNT

Amatol
Amatol is a mixture of ammonium nitrate and TNT

Nitrocellulose (guncotton), TNT, Amatol, Nitroglycerine, Tetrytol, and dynamite, among others, may each be detonated by mercury fulminate. Caution: The sound of mercury fulminate detonating can set off the rest of the fulminate.

Carbon monoxide may be produced by reducing oxalic acid with heated concentrated sulfuric acid. Collect under limewater.

Derail Operation
Should you find a need to disrupt rail traffic, one of the easiest ways would be to place a block of explosives on opposite sides of a rail and offset their ends about an inch.
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Something like this tied up all of Londons rail traffic. This method shears the rail and separates the ends so as to interrupt rail traffic. If done on a curve, it can derail without having been spotted.