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Freundlich Isotherm: e F e N

The document outlines various adsorption isotherms including Freundlich, Langmuir, BET, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Halsey & Harkin-Jura. Each isotherm is characterized by its unique equation and features, such as the type of adsorption (monolayer vs multilayer) and the nature of the surface (homogeneous vs heterogeneous). These models help in understanding the adsorption processes in different contexts, particularly in physical and chemical adsorption scenarios.

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43 views2 pages

Freundlich Isotherm: e F e N

The document outlines various adsorption isotherms including Freundlich, Langmuir, BET, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Halsey & Harkin-Jura. Each isotherm is characterized by its unique equation and features, such as the type of adsorption (monolayer vs multilayer) and the nature of the surface (homogeneous vs heterogeneous). These models help in understanding the adsorption processes in different contexts, particularly in physical and chemical adsorption scenarios.

Uploaded by

vishakhachem2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Freundlich Isotherm
 Empirical model for heterogeneous surfaces.
 Equation:
1/ n
q e =K f C e

where:

 q e : amount adsorbed ( mg/ g )


 C e : equilibrium concentration ( mg/ L )
 K f ,n : Freundlich constants (related to capacity and intensity)
Features:
 No saturation limit
 Suitable for multilayer adsorption

2. Langmuir Isotherm
 Assumes monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface with finite
identical sites.
 Equation:
qmax K L C e
q e=
1+ K L C e

where:

 q max maximum adsorption capacity


 K L : Langmuir constant related to affinity
Features:
 No interaction between adsorbed molecules
 Reversible adsorption

3. BET Isotherm (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)


 Extension of Langmuir for multilayer adsorption.
 Mainly used for gas adsorption.
 Equation:
C 1 C−1 P
= + ⋅
( P0−P ) V V m C V m C P0
where:
 V: volume of gas adsorbed
 P/ Po relative pressure
 V m : monolayer volume
 C: BET canstant

4. Temkin Isotherm
 Considers adsarbent-adsorbate interactions.
 Assumes adsorption heat decreases linearly with coverage
 Equation:
RT
q k= ln ⁡( K T C k )
b
where:

 b. Temikin constant related to heat of adsorption


 K T . Ternkin isotherm constant
¿

5. Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) Isotherm


 Used to distinguish between physical and chemical adsorption.
 Equation:

q k =q ν exp ⁡(−B ε 2 )

where:

 ε =RT ln ⁡( 1+1/C κ )
 B : activity coefficient
 qu: theoretical saturation capacity

6. Halsey and Harkin-Jura Isotherms


 These are empirical models for multilayer adsorption on
heterogeneous surfaces.
 Useful in special cases, e.g., porous adsorbents.

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