P N CU HI N TP CHNG I

Cu 1:
a. Dng nh ngha theo li thng k v ngi ta phi theo di thi tit qua
nhiu nm v thng k li cc kt qu.
b. Dng nh ngha theo li c in v ngi ta c th bit c s v trng thng
trn tng s v
c. Dng nh ngha theo li thng k v ngi ta khng th ly ngu nhin mt s
lng chuyn xe bus v xem c bao nhiu v tai nn m phi thng k theo tng
thi k nht nh.
d. Dng nh ngha theo li c in v ngi ta c th bit c s tivi m cng ty
sn xut v s tivi phi bo hnh.
Cu 2:
Xc sut A thng B l 1/6
Cu 3:
a. Sai. V d: A v xung khc nhng khng c lp.
b.A v B i lp th khng th cng xy ra trong 1 php th nn chng xung khc
vi nhau.
- A v B i lp th P(A)+ P(B)=1, A v B khng th c lp
c.Sai
d.Sai.
Cu 4:
A v B khng to nn mt nhm y cc bin c v vn c nhng kh nng
khng con xc sc no sut hin mt 6 chm.
Cu 5:
P(A+B+C)= P(A)+P(B)+P(C)- P(AB) P(AC)- P(BC)+ P(ABC)
=P(A)+P(B)+P(C) - P(AB) P(AC)- P(BC)+P(AB).P(C/AB)
= P(A)+P(B)+P(C) )- P(AC)- P(BC) - P(AB).(1- P(C/AB)
= P(A)+P(B)+P(C) )- P(AC)- P(BC) - P(AB).P( C / AB )
Ta thy P(AC), P(BC), P(AB), P( C / AB )0 nn :
P(A+B+C) P(A)+P(B)+P(C)
Vy P(A+B+C) P(A)+P(B)+P(C)
Cu 6: A, B, A + B lp thnh nhm bc y , xung khc tng i v
A+ B = A .B

A + A B + A + B = A + A B + A . B = A + A B + B = A + AU = U

V 3 bin c trn xung khc tng i vi nhau.

Cu 7: T tnh cht ca cc bin c ta thy ngay iu phi chng minh.

Cu 8:
P(A+B)P(A.B)
P(A) +P(B)- P(AB)- P(AB) 0
P(A) +P(B)- P(A).P(B/A)- P(B).P(A/B) 0
P(A).P(B/A)+

P(B).P(/B) 0
P(BA)+

P(B) 0 (lun ng)

Vy P(A+B)P(A.B)
Cch 2:
Nu AB=V th hin nhin ng. Nu AB V, ta c: quan h 2 bin c
AB A+B
Nn P(A+B)P(A.B).
Cu 9:
P(A/B)> P(A)
P(B). P(A/B)> P(A). P(B)
P(AB)> P(A). P(B)
P(A).P(B/A) > P(A). P(B)
P(B/A) >P(B)
Vy nu P(A/B)> P(A) th P(B/A) >P(B)
Cu 10:
a. Sai. Ch ra phn v d?
b.Sai. v d trong cc php th ly ra khng hon li
Cu 11:
P( B )= 1- P(A+B)=1- P(A)-P(B)+P(AB)=1-p1-p2+p3
Cu 12:
A v B c lp nn ta c P(AB)=P(A).P(B)
a.P(A B )= P(A)- P(AB)= P(A)- P(A).P(B)=P(A).P( B )
Vy Av B l 2 bin c c lp
b.P(B)= P(B)- P(AB)= P(B)- P(A).P(B)=P(B).P()
vy v B l 2 bin c c lp
c.P( B )=1- P(A+B)= 1- P(A)-P(B)+P(AB)
= 1- P(A)-P(B)+P(A).P(B)
=(1-P(A)).(1-P(B))= P().P( B )
Vy v B l hai bin c c lp

Cu 13:
P(A)=0,5 ,
P(B)=1/3
A, B c th cng xy ra v d xut hin mt 6 chm nn A, B khng xung khc
P(AB)= P(A) .P(B) => A v B c lp
Cu 14:
P(A)=1/4, P(B)=1/3, P(A+B)= 23/60 =>P(AB)=1/5
P(A/B)=P(AB)/P(B)=2/3
P(/B)=1- P(A/B)= 1/3
P(AB/B)=P(ABB)/P(B)=P(AB)/P(B)=2/3
P(A B/B)=P(

A B/B)/P(B)=0

P(A+B/ A.B)=P((A+B)

A.B)/P(

A.B)=
P(A.B)/
P(A.B)=1

P(B/ +B)=P(B( +B))/P(+B)=2P(B)/ P(+B)=2(P(B)-P(AB))/(P()

+P(B)- P(B)+P(AB))=16/57
P(AB/ B)=P(AB)/P(B)=(P(A)-P(AB))/P(B)=3/20

Cu 15:
Gi Ai l bin c ngi th i bc c thm C (i=1,2,3)
P(A1)=2/3
21 12 2
+
=
32 32 3
p ( A3 ) = p ( A1 A2 ) p( A3 | A1 A2 ) + p ( A1 A2 ) p( A3 | A1 A2 ) + p ( A1 A2 ) p ( A3 | A1 A2 ) + p ( A1 A2 ) p ( A3 | A1 A2 )
p ( A2 ) = p( A1 ) p ( A2 | A1 ) + p ( A1 ) p( A2 | A1 ) =

2 1
2 1
1
1 0
2
= 0 + 1 + 1 1 + 0 =
3 2
3 2
3
3 2
3

Vy phng php ny l cng bng

Cu 16:
Khi bit xc sut ca mt bin c ta c th d on c kt qu khi cha tin
hnh php th v c th tnh c xc sut ca mt s bin c lin quan.
V d: khi gieo sc xc th xc sut c mt 6 chm l 1/6. t ta c th bit
xc sut c mt c s chm <6 l 5/6
Cu 17:
A v B c lp P(AB)= P(A).P(B)
Cu 18:
Cng thc Bayes cho php nh gi li xc sut xy ra cc gi thuyt sau khi bit
kt qu ca php th l bin c no xy ra.
VD: Dy truyn lp rp nhn c cc chi tit do 2 nh my sn xut. Nh my 1
cung cp 60% chi tit, nh my 2 cung cp 40% chi tit. Khong 90% chi tit ca
my 1 t tiu chun, 85% chi tit ca nh my 2 t tiu chun. Ly ngu nhin

mt sp t dy truyn th thy n t chun. Tm xc sut sp do nh my 1

to ra?
Gii:
Gi A l bin c chi tit ly t dy truyn t chun
Hi l bin c chi tit do nh my i sn xut(i=1,2)
P(A)=P(H1).P(A/H1)+ P(H2).P(A/H2)=0,88
P(H1/A)= P(H1).P(A/H1)/P(A)=0,614