ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABAINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY

Department of Chemical Engineering

PLANT DESIGN AND ECONOMICS PROJECT

ASPRIN PLANT

Done By 1. FIRST CAPACITY ( 1200 ton/year)

YOSEPH TILAHUN TCR /3422/01

TEWODROSE TEFERA TCR /3022/01
2. SECOND CAPACITY (1800 ton/year)

YOHANES MOGES TCR /2764/01

TSEGAYE TILAHUN TCR /3128/01

Submission Date: May 18, 2012

Introduction

There are different methods of production of aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid). The most common method of
production is by the reaction of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The manufacture of aspirin is based
on the synthesis of salicylic acid from phenol. The process has two step processes.

The raw materials for the production of aspirin are salicylic acid, acetic anhydride and either toluene or
sulphuric acid (H2SO4). For economic reason we prefer to use sulphuric acid. The process is based on the
reaction between salicylic acid and 20% stoichiometric excess of acetic anhydride and 10% by weight
concentrated sulphuric acid (based on the mass of salicylic acid).

The first step in the production is dissolution of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid is dissolved by sulphuric acid
in mixing tank. Then both salicylic acid solution and acetic anhydride are feed into reactor. The reaction
takes place in glass-lined or stainless-steel batch reactor for 3houres, in which the temperature is
90°C.In addition to acetyl salicylic acid acetic acid is also formed from the reaction.

OHC6H4COOH + (CH3CO)2O CH3COOC6H4COOH + CH3COOH

At the end of the reaction period the liquid product mixture is transferred to crystallizer where it is
cooled from 90°C to 0°C. The aspirin crystallizes from the acetic acid/acetic anhydride mother liquor.
The resulting suspension is transferred to a filter or centrifuge for removal of acetic acid and solvent.
After washing with solvent, the aspirin crystals are slurried and filtered again. The aspirin crystals are
then dried and sent to sifting, granulation and tableting. Acetic acid, which is formed as a by product, is
recovered for sale.

Assumptions Made

Plant runs 24 hour per day, 8000 hour per year

Reaction is exothermic (-84kJ/mol)
Reaction is carry out in a batch reactor operating in semi- batch mode
Assume reaction yield is 95%
Batch reaction cycle is 5 hours
One reactor only in use.
 At the end of the reaction period (5 hours) contents are transferred to crystalliser, where are
cooled from 90°C to 0°C at a rate of 0.1°C per minute.
All materials entering the reactor are at room temperature.
Numbers of crystallizers are required to avoid a delay before next batch is started.
All aspirin is recovered at crystallization.
Other processes are required: centrifugation (or filtration), including a washing and drying.
These processes take a total of 5 hours.
After initial centrifugation (or filtration) solid is 98% aspirin and 2% mother liquor by weight.
After washing cycle in centrifugation (or filtration) solid is 98% aspirin and 2% water by weight,
i.e. traces of mother liquor in solid are removed into a waste water stream.
Mother liquor from initial centrifugation is recycled in process after removal of acetic acid by
distillation.
Mixture for distillation consists acetic acid and acetic anhydride only, other components are
ignored.

FIRST CAPACITY ( 1200 ton/year)

Mass Balance Calculation

It is required to produce 1,200,000kg of acetyl salicylic acid (aspirin). From specification of the product,
the final product must be min. 99.5% pure (1,194,000kg of aspirin). The rest 0.5% is water. Sulphuric
acid (H2SO4)is used as catalyst and it is not part of the reaction. Salicylic acid and acetic anhydride react
according to:

C7H6O3 + C4H6O3  C9H8O4 + C2H4O2

Salicylic Acid Acetic Anhydride Acetylsalicylic Acid Acetic Acid

The molecular weight in grams for each reactant:

C7H6O3 = 7*12+6*1+3*16=138g

C4H6O3 = 4*12+6*1+3*16=102g

and products:
C9H8O4 = 9*12+8*1+4*16=180g

C2H4O2 = 2*12+4*1+2*16=60g

The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 90°C.The reaction delivers a 95% yield of acetylsalicylic
acid. Therefore 5% of the initial mass of reactants remains after the reaction is completed.

Annual production of pure aspirin (99.5% pure) = 1,200,000* 0.995 = 1,194,000kg

Amount of raw material Required

 Acetic anhydride
102 g of Acetic anhydride = 180 g of aspirin
X (95% of reactant) = 1,194,000kg
Solving for X
X= (102/180)* 1,194,000kg
= 676,600 kg
 95% of reactant = 676,600 kg
100% (Required reactant) = Y
Y= (676,600*1)/ 0.95 = 712,210kg

From process description 20% stoichiometric excess of acetic anhydride is feed to the reactor.

Annual requirement of Acetic anhydride (20% excess) = (0.2*712,210kg) + 712,210kg

= 854,652kg

 Salicylic acid
138g of Salicylic acid = 180 g of aspirin
X (95% of reactant) = 1,194,000kg
X (95% of reactant) = (138/180)* 1,194,000kg = 915,400
Annual requirement of Salicylic acid (100%) = 915,400/0.95 = 963,579kg
Amount of Acetic acid
 60g of Acetic acid = 180 g of aspirin

Annual production of Acetic acid = 1,194,000kg

Annual production of Acetic acid = (60/180)* 1,194,000kg

 = 398,000kg
Annual Sulphuric Acid Requirement

From process description 10% by weight concentrated sulphuric acid (based on the mass of salicylic
acid) is required.

Annual requirement of sulphuric acid = Annual requirement of Salicylic acid* 0.1

= 963,579kg * 0.1

= 96,358kg

Reactor

The reaction cycle is 5 hour, in which 3 hours of reaction and 2 hours of loading of reactants ,removing
outputs and cleaning time.

S1S2

C7H6O3 C7H6O3 , C9H8O4

C4H6O3 C4H6O3 , C2H4O2

H2SO4H2SO4

MATERIALS IN stream 1 (kg) OUT stream 2 (kg)

day year day year

SALICYLIC ACID 2564 854,652 128.2 42732

ACETIC 2891 963,579 144.5 48179

ANHYDRIDE

SULPHURIC 289 96,358 289 96,358

ACID

ACETIC ACID _ _ 1194.1 398,000

ASPIRIN _ _ 3582.4 1,194,000

 TOTALS 5338.2 1,779,269

Crystallizer

The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 90°C and takes 5 hours, after which the products are
transferred to crystallizer and cooling takes place from 90°C to 0°C at a rate of 0.1 °C per min. The
crystallization process will take 15 hours and this is three times longer than reactor step. To avoid a
delay before the next batch is started, 3 crystallizers will be required. Crystallizer should be free every 5
hours to take feed from the reactor. The mass delivered to the crystallizer is fed out completely to the
centrifuge. It is assumed that all the aspirin is recovered at crystallization.

S2

C7H6O3 , C9H8O4

C4H6O3 , C2H4O2

H2SO4

S4 C7H6O3 , C9H8O4

C4H6O3 , C2H4O2

MATERIALS IN stream 2 OUT stream 3

day Year day year

SALICYLIC ACID 128.2 42732 128.2 42732

ACETIC 144.5 48179 144.5 48179

ANHYDRIDE

SULPHURIC 289 96,358 289 96,358

ACID

ACETIC ACID 1194.1 398,000 1194.1 398,000

ASPIRIN 3582.4 1,194,000 3582.4 1,194,000

Solution solution solid

Centrifuge

Aspirin is recovered at crystallization so it is possible to separate it out completely after centrifugation.

After centrifugation 98% aspirin and 2% liquor (liquid mixture of reactants and products except aspirin)
by total mass is left in centrifuge. Also there is stream living containing only liquor (stream 5). The
aspirin is further separated in the centrifuge by an additional washing cycle.

After the wash the 2% mother liquor present is replaced with the same weight of water. It is considered
that a kilogram of washing solvent (water) should be used for each kilogram of product. So there is
additional water stream (stream 4) going into the centrifuge and as a result of the washing process the
aspirin is split in two streams (stream 7 and stream 6).The aspirin stream containing water (stream 7) is
delivered to a drier. S4 H2O

H2O

C7H6O3 , C9H8O4S 3

C4H6O3 , C2H4O2

H2SO4 C4H6O3 H2SO4

C4H6O3 , C2H4O2 S5 S6 H2O C2H4O2

H2SO4, C7H6O3 , C7H6O3

S7 C9H8O4 , H2O

 98% = 1,194,000 kg ( mass of asprin)

100% = Y (total mass after first centrifugation )

Y = 1,194,000 kg/0.98

= 1,218,367.3 kg

Mass of liquer left in with asprin first = total mass after first centrifugation - mass of asprin

Centrifugation = 1,218,367.3 kg - 1,194,000 kg

= 24,367.3 kg
  Total mass of liquer = 42732 + 48179 + 96,358 + 398,000 = 585,269 kg

Mass fraction of C7H6O3 = 42732 / 585,269 = 0.073

Mass fraction of H2SO4 = 96,358 / 585,269 = 0.164

Mass fraction of C4H6O3 = 48179 / 585,269 = 0.083

Mass fraction of C2H4O2 = 398,000 / 585,269 = 0.68

 Mass of C7H6O3 in s6 = Mass of C7H6O3 left after first centrifugation = 0.073 * 24,367.3 = 1778.kg

Mass of H2SO4 in s6 = Mass of H2SO4 left after first centrifugation = 0.164 * 24,367.3= 3898.8kg

Mass of C4H6O3 in s6 = Mass of C4H6O3 left after first centrifugation= 0.083 * 24,367.3 = 1998.1kg

Mass of C2H4O2 in s6 = Mass of H2SO4 left after first centrifugation = 0.68 * 24,367.3 = 16,691.6kg

It is stated that the water leaving with asprin in stream 7 have the same mass as Mass of liquer

left in with asprin first Centrifugation. Therfore

Water in s7 = 24,367.3kg

Therefore mass of water in S6 = 1,194,000 - 24,367.3 =

Mass of liquer components in S5 can be find by

= mass in S3 - mass in S6

For exampel mass of salicylic acid in S5 = 48,175 - 1778.1 = 46,180.9 kg

MATERIALS IN stream 3 (kg) IN stream 4 (kg) Out stream 5 Out stream 6 Out stream 7 (kg)
(kg) (kg)

day year day year day year day year day year

SALICYLIC ACID 144.5 48,175 - - 46,180.9 1778.1 -

ACETIC 128.2 42,732 - - 40,953.2 1998.1 - -

ANHYDRIDE

SULPHURIC ACID 289 96,358 - - 92,459.2 3898.8 - -

ACETIC ACID 1194.1 398,000 - 381,308.4 16,691. - -

6
ASPIRIN 3582.4 1,194,000 - - - - - - 3582.4 1,194,000

WATER - - 3582.4 1,194,00 - - 1,169,6 24,367.3

0 32.7

Dryer
It is recommended that the final product (stream 9) must be 99, 5% pure. It has been assumed
that the 0.5% impurity remaining with the aspirin prior to drying is water. So the 1,194,000
aspirin must be accompanied by no more than 1,194,000*0.005/0,995 = 6000kg of water. The
remaining 18367.3 kg (24,367.3– 6000) water is evaporated off during the drying process (stream
8)H2O

S8

S7 S S S9S9 s9

C9H8O4 , H2O C9H8O4 , H2O

MATERIALS IN (7) OUT (8) OUT (9)

Kmol Kg Kmol Kg Kmol Kg

SALICYLIC ACID - - -

ACETIC - - -
ANHYDRIDE

SULPHURIC - - -
ACID

ACETIC ACID - - -

ASPIRIN 3582.3 1,194,000 - 3582.3 1,194000

WATER 24367 73.1 18367 18 6000

vapour liquid

Distillation

We assume that acetic acid is completely separated from the liquor. Stream 11 carry acetic acid
and the other component of liquor is carried by stream 10.

MATERIALS IN steam 5 OUT recycle steam 10 OUT steam 11

Day year day year day year

SALICYLIC ACID 46,180.9 46,180.9 - -

ACETIC ANHYDRIDE 40,953.2 40,953.2 - -

SULPHURIC ACID 92,459.2 92,459.2 - -

ACETIC ACID 381,308.4 5318,591 381,308.4

S11 C2H4O2

C7H6O3 , H2SO4 S5

C4H6O3 , C2H4O2

,
C7H6O3

C4H6O3

H2SO4 S10

Sizing of reactor
The reaction period is five hours (sum of time of feeding, reaction, removing and cleaning).

No batch / day = ( 24 hr./day)/ (5 hr./batch) = 4.8 batch/day

We approximately 4 batch/ day

The sum of mass of outlet stream of reactor = 128.2 + 144.5 +289.1 + 3582.4 +1194.1 =5338.3
Volume of reactor per day = (3582.4/1390) + (289.1/1830.5) + (128.2/1050) + (144.5/1443)

= 2.6 + 0.16 +0.122 + 0.1 + 1.14

= 4.122 m3/day

Vr= 4.122 / 4= 1.03 m3/batch = 1030 l/batch

Adding 10% clearance

Vr(with 10% safety factor) = (1030 l) + 1030*0.1 = 1133 l/batch

If the reactor is 75% full on each batch or cycle the volume of the reactor needed

Vr= 1133/ 0.75 =1510 l ≈ 15

Energy balance
Kopp’s rule is a simple empirical method for estimating the head capacity C p of solid or
liquid at or near 20℃. According to this rule, Cp for molecular compounds is the sum of
contributions for each element of compound.

heat capacity (J/ moloc)

Element Solid Liquid
Carbon 7.5 12
Hydrogen 96. 18
Oxygen 17 25
Sulphur 26 33

For example the head capacity for salicylic acid (solid ) calculated

Cp (C7H6O3) = 7 (CP)c +6(Cp)H+3 (Cp)O

=7(7.5) + 6 (9.6) + (3X1.7) = 161.1

Cp (C4H6O3 ) = 4(12)+6(18) + (3X25)= 231

Compound Solid Cp Liquid Heat Capacity

 (J/ moloc)
Salicylic acid (solid) 161.1 267.0
Acetic Anhydride (liquid ) 138.6 231.0
Sulphur acid (liquid 113.2 169
Acety salcyl Acid (solid 212.3 352.0
Acetic Acid 87.4 146

The unit of the heat capacity must be changed to I since we are working in a
mass base

Compound Molecular weight

Salicylic acid 138.1
Acetic Anhydrate 102.1
Sulpuric acid 98.1
Acety salicylic acid 180.2
Acetic acid 60.6

The heat capacity by kilogram is found by dividing heat capacity mole by

molecular weight and multiplying 1000.

Heat capacity (J/kgoc) = [(heat capacity (J/ moloc ) / weight (g/mol)]X 1000

Acetic Anhydride = (31x 1000)/ 102.1

= 2262.5 J/kgoc

REACTOR ENERGY BALANCE

Assume reactant feed at 25oc.

Heat of Reaction - 85kg/ Mol

895.6 kg of Aspirin/ 0.1802 kg/mol, Aspirin = 4,970 moles

Heat of Reaction

QR = -n ∆HoR

= -85 X 4970
= - 422,450 kj

To calculate change in enthalpy of products from 25OC to 90OC ∆H as follows

∆H = m Cp ∆T Where ∆T = 65 Oc

Compound Heat added (KJ)

Acetic Anhydride 4720.7
Salicylic acid 2,736.7
Sulphuric acid 8,097.7
Aspirin 68,593.5
Acetic Acid 48,616.8
132,765.4
Next Step is to calculate total

Qp = Hproduct - QR

Compound Solid Cp J/kgOc Liquid J/kgOc

Salicylic acid 1166.3 1933.0
Acetic Anhydride 1357.5 1262.5
Sulphuric Acid 1154.5 1723.1
Acetyl salicylicuid 1178.5 1953.7
Acetic acid 1455.2 2430.9

Compound Input kg/batch Out put kg/batch

Acetic Anhydride 641 32.1
Salicylic acid 722.8 36.1
Sulphuric Acid 72.31 72.3
Acetic Acid 298.5
Aspirin 895.6

Qp= 132,765.4 – 422,450

= -289,684.6 kg

Let assume that from 3 hour of reaction time, heat is librated for 2 hours

Qp = 289684.6 kg/ 2 hr

= 144,842.3kJ/hr

If heat is librated we must have some mechanism to cool it we prefer to cool it

by using water and jacketing the reactor. Let the temperature change of cooling
water be 10Oc from initial temperature

Q = Mc Cp At

Mc = Q/CpAt

Mc = mass flow Rate of cooling water

Cp = 4018 KJ/kg

4T = 10Oc = 10k

M = 144,842.3kJ/hr

4018 X 10Oc

M = 3465.1 kg/hr

The volumetric floe rate is

Q = 3465.1 kg/hr

998kg/m3

= 3.5 m3/hr

= 0.06 m3/min = 60 lit/min

We select the material of construction to be Glass lined stared tank Reactor.

Heat transfer area of the Jackets

Assume water in let temperature of 20Oc with 10Oc temperature with overall
heat transfer coffins having water land light organics. 250 w/oc hr m2

The log min temperature

4Tim = (90 OC – 20OC) – (90 – 30Oc)

2.303 log 90-20

90-30

= 64.9Oc

Q = U ∆Tlm A

A = Q

U ∆Tlm

= 144,842.3 kJ/hr /250 X 64.9

= 9m2

A 1500 litter staired tank stainless steel reactor having approximately 9m2
Jacket area.

Energy balance on the crystallizer

In crystallization the mix ture is called to 0 oc. we assume heat of

crystallization to be 0. The heat removed by cooling can be calculated as

Q= m Cp ∆T ∆T = -90 Oc

Compound Input & output kg/bat Heat Cp specific

removed Rate Cap
Salicylic acid 36.1 -3789.3 1166.3
Acetic Anhydride 32.1 -3921.8 1357.5
Sulphuric Acid 72.3 -11,212.2 1723
Aspirin 895.6 -94,975.7 1178.3
Acetic Acid 298.5 -65,306.1 2430.9
1334.6 kg/bath -179,205.1

The Crystallization process takes 15 hours .

q= Q/t = 179, 205.1 kj / 15 hr

= 11,947 kJ/hr

The cooling water can be calculated as

Mc Cp ΔT = Q

MC = Q/ΔTCP

Let as assume that 100C change of cooling water and CP=4.18

MC= 11947 kg/hr / 4.18 X 100C

= 285.8 kg/hr

The volumetric flow clate

Q=m/ρ

=285.8 / 998 kg/m3 = 0.28 m3/hr

Capacity of crystalizer

The volume of the crystallizer with 90 Percent full can be determined as

follows.

V= 895.6 /1390 + 72.3/18305 + 32.1/1050 + 36.1 /1443 + 298.5/1049

= 1.02 m3/batch
V (With 90% full) = 1.02 / 0.9 = 1.14 The volume of the crystallized with 900 C
Percent full can be determined as follows.

V= 895.6 /1390 + 72.3/18305 + 32.1/1050 + 36.1 /1443 + 298.5/1049

= 1.02 m3/batch

V (With 90% full) = 1.02 / 0.9 = 1.14m3

The fore the capacity of the crystallizer is 1.4 m3 ≈ 1.2 The volume of the
crystallized with 900 C Percent full can be determined as follows.

V= 895.6 /1390 + 72.3/18305 + 32.1/1050 + 36.1 /1443 + 298.5/1049

= 1.02 m3/batch

V (With 90% full) = 1.02 / 0.9 = 1.14m3

The fore the capacity of the crystallizer is 1.2 m3

Energy balance andCapacity of centrifuge

Products from crystalliser are delivered to the centrifuge at 0℃.Product are assumed to remain at
0℃. No heat is actively added.

The volume of mixture to be centrifuged is

V= 895.6/1390 + 72.3/18305 + 32.1/1050 + 36.1/1443+ 298.5/1049

= 1.02 m3/batch

 1m3 = 264 .29 a1

1.02 m3 = X

X= 269.5 ≈ 270 gal

Since 1 batch is 5 hour the volumetric flow rate of the mixture is 270 gal/batch
or 54gal/hr or 0.9 gal/min. If time of the centrifuge takes 20 min period then
the amount of mixture that we take will be

0.9 gal/min X 20 min = 18 gal

Energy balance on dryer

Heat is added to the materials in the drier. Initial temperature of acetylsalicylic acid is 0℃, while
the water content is at 10℃. To calculate in enthalpy ΔH of drier in stream 8 as
follows

Compound Stream (8) ka/bata CP Δt Heat added

Aspirin (solid) 895.6 1178.3 100 105,528.55KJ
Water 4.5 3360.5 90 136
Total 106889.55

Latent Heat of Vaporization = 2257kj / Kg for water vapor

Compound Stream (9) CP Δt Heat added

Water 13.8 3360.5 100 105,528.55KJ
Latent heat of
vapor
Water 13.8 2257 KJ/Kg 90 31,146.6
Total 35783,2

Heat transferred to drier = 35783,2 + 106889.5= 142,672.75 KJ

Capacity of drier

The heat transferred to the drier is 142,672.75 KJ. Let the chance in
temperature of the air be 300C and heat supplied be for 5 hour. Let the
moisture content of the air be 0.01 kg/kg air.
To determine the capacity of drier

The amount of air that supply this amount of heat can be calculated by

Ma ΔT Cp = Q q= Q/t = 142,672.75 / 5 =28534.5

Ma = Q/ΔTCP

= 28534.5 / 30 * 1 =951.15

Compound In put
Asprin 3582.4 kg/day
Water 73.1 kg
3655.4 kg/ day
The capacity of drier in kg/ hr

3655.4 kg/ day * day/ 24hr

= 152.3 kg/h

in volume ,

V= 3582.4 kg/day / 1390 kg/day + 73/1000 kg/day

= 2.6 m3/ day + 0.07 m3/ day

= 2.673 m3/ day

in m3/ hr ,

V= 011 m3/ hr

We select tray dryer.

Distillation

It is assumed that products delivered from the centrifuge process remain at 0℃ (except water).
There are three liquids present in the stream 5 going to the distiller; acetic acid, acetic anhydride
and sulphuric acid. Following are boiling points at atmospheric pressure for the components fed
into the distiller:

Compound Boiling . P(oC)

Acetic Acid 118.1

Acetic Anhydride 139.8

Sulphuric Acid 338

Material fed into the distiller is to be heated to 118.1 (°C) in order to boil off the acetic acid, while
leaving the remaining materials unevaporated. To Calculate enthalpy ΔH of distillation in
stream 10.

Compound stream 10(kg) Specific Heat Δt (°C) Heat added (kj)

Capacity (J/kg/°C)
Salicylic acid 36.1 1166.3 118.1 49,72.4
Acetic Acid 32.1 2262.5 118.1 85,771.6
Sulphuric 72.3 1723.1 118.1 14712.9
Acid
105,456.9
To calculate enthalpy in stream 11

Compound Stream CP Δt Heat added

Acetic acid 257.4 24309 118.1 82.107.5
Latent heat 73896.8
of vapor
Acetic acid 257.4 402 KJ/Kg 103474.8
Total 177,371.6
Stream 11 contains reflux of 28.6 kg of acetic acid will be cooled from 118.1 0C
to 25 0C and then returned to distillery for re- distillation as follows.
Compound Stream CP Δt Heat added
Acetic acid 28.6 2430.9 93.1 6472.7
Latent heat
of vapor
Acetic acid 28.6 402 KJ/Kg 11497.2
Total 176,69.9

Heat transferred to distiller heating process =176,69.9 + 177,37.6 + 105,456.9

= 300,498 kj

Compound Stream 11 +10% reflux Specific Heat Δt °C Heat added

(kg) Capacity (J/kg/°C)
Acetic acid 286 2430.9 -93.1 -64,72.7
Latent heat of
vapor
Acetic acid 286 -402 KJ/Kg -114,972
Total -179,698.6
Determination of feed to distillation

The sum of the feeds to the columen is 1682.kg day. In volume

V = 122.8/1050 + 277/1830.5 + 138.6/1443 + 1144/1049

= 0.12 + 0.15 + 0.1 + 1.1

≈ 1.5 m3/day

=62.5 l/hr

Capacity of condenser

We know that the mass of acetic acid to be condensed is 28.6 kg or 114.4

kg/day

V = 114.4 kg/day / 1050 kg/m3

= 0.12 m3/day

=0.005 m3/hr

Them ass of water required to condense the vapor can be calculated, if

ΔT=350C assume 5 hr heat removal.

 mc= q/CP Δt q= 179,698.6/535939.7= 35939.7 kj/hr

= 35939.7/( 4.2 * 35) = 244.5 kg/hr

Storage tanks and pump sizing

Storage Capacities depend on many things. One of the factors is the daily
requirement and to how many days we need to store our raw material.

Raw materials
Daily requirement

Acetic Anhydride 2564 kg 2.44m3

Sulphuric Acid 289 kg 0.16 m3
Salicylic acid 2891 kg

ρSulp = 1830.5 kg/m3

ρAce.A= 1050 kg/m3

Let us store three day material for contains operation of plant.

Vof stor for ace.an = 244m3/day X 3 day

= 732 m3 ≈ 7.5 m3
V of stor for Sulpc acid = 0.16 m3/day X 3day

≈ 0.5 m3

For salicylic acid, since it is solid we need storage room. The storage room
capacity can be calculated As capacity of storage room

=2891 Kg/day * 3 day

= 8673 Kg

In M3 = 8673 Kg / 1443 Kg/ M3 ≈ 6.0 M3 Volume of hours

We select bucket elevator to transport salicylic acid and aspirin water mixture
to temporary storage.

Temporary storage tank to feed the centrifuge the tank must hold the
crystallization out put for day therefore it has similar volume as crystallizer
which is volume per day

= 1.03 m3/batc * 4 batch/day = 4.08 m3/ day

Temporary storage tank to feed the dryer

It should store one day centrifuged product for any delay in process . The
capacity is 2.673 m3/ day .

Storage tank for acetic acid acetic acid recovered per day is 1144 kg. we
prefer to prepare storage tank for 7 days.

M7day =7 *1144 =8008 kg

V of a.a 7day = 8008 kg/1049 kg/m3

=7.63 m3 ≈ 7.7 m3
Selection and determination of Capacity of pumps

Acetic anhydride feed pump

The capacity of the pump for Acetic anhydride feed can be determined

q= Volume of Acetic anhydride day/(Feed time * No batch)

Volume Acetic anhydride day = 2564 kg/day/ 1050 kg/ m3

= 2.44 m3

q= 2.44 m3/day / (45 min/batch * 4 batch/day)

= 0.0135 m3/min ≈0.02 m3/hr

For Sulphuric acid

Q= (289 kg/day/1830.5 kg/m3)/ (5 min * 4 ba -1 Ch/day)

=7.9 X 10-3 m3/min ==7.9 l/min ≈ 8 l/min

For both fluids we select centrifugal pump made from stain less steel

 Pump used to pump reactor mixture

Qmix = Volume of mix per batch/ (feed time * No. batch)

= 1.03 m3/batch /20 min/batch

=1.03.0/2 m3/min = 1.03.0/2 Lit/min =515 Lit/min =520lit/min

Equipment specification

Reactor

 Jacketed, agitated
 Glass lined carbon steel , atmospheric
 320 gallon volume

Crystallizer
  Stainless steel
 320 gallon, atmospheric

Centrifuge

 Horizontal, automatic, batch

 20 inch diameter
 Stainless steel

Dryer

 Atmospheric, tray type

 Area of 20 ft2
 Stainless steal

Distillation

 Feed 62.5 l/h

 1.32 m diameter, 3m height

Acetic anhydride store tank

 7.5 m3 volume
 Glass lined carbon steel
 Floating roof, API

Sulphuric acid storage tank

 0.5m3 volume, atmospheric

 Glass lined Carbone steel
 Floating roof, API

Pump for feeding reactant (2) pump for reactant and product mixture feed to
crystallizer (1)

 Stainless steel
 Pipe diameter 2 in
  Packing seal type

Diaphragm pump for slurry pump from crystallizer

 Stainless steel
 0.9 gal/min flow rate

Storage tank for acetic acid

 Glass lined Carbone steel

 Floating roof, API
 20034 gallon volume atmospheric

Temporary Storage tanks

 1080 gallon (1), 713 gallon (1)

 Stainless steel

Bucket elevators 1 for transport salicylic acid and 1 to transport centrifuged

aspirin to temporary storage tank

 6 * 4 inch area
 2 meter height

Condenser

 Vertical tube small

 10 ft2 of heat transfer area
 Carbon.s shell, glass lined carbon.s pipe

Cost of equipments

Equipment Cost (birr)

Reactor 427350
Crystallizer 1350500
 Centrifuge 1169200
Dryer 262700
Temporary Storage tanks 499500
Pump (3) 444000
Storage tank for acetic acid 701150
Diaphragm pump 460605
Acetic anhydride store tank 682983.6
Sulphuric acid storage tank 45536.8
Bucket elevators (2) 273600
Distillation 439375
Condenser 107300
Total 6,863,900.4

Therefore purchased equipment cost (pc) without taxation is 6,863,900.4 birr.

Estimation other cost

We can estimate other costes from a given table of cost relation. Our plant solid
liquid processing.

Direct cost

 Purchased-equipment installation(pe)

Pe = 0.39 * 6,863,900.4

= 2676921 birr

 Instrumentation and controls (Ic)

Ic = 0.13 * 6,863,900.4

= 892307 birr

 Piping (installed) (p)

P = 0.31 * 6,863,900.4

= 2127809 birr

 Electrical (installed) (Ec)

Ec = 0.1 * 6,863,900.4

= 686390.04 birr

 Buildings (including services) (B)

B = 0.29 * 6,863,900.4

=1990531 birr

 Yard improvements (Y)

Y =0.1 * 6,863,900.4

= 686390.04 birr

 Service facilities (installed) (S)

S = 0.55 * 6,863,900.4

= 3775145 birr

 Land (purchase not required) (L)

L = 0.06 * 6,863,900.4

= 411834 birr

Indirect cost
  Engineering and supervision (E)

E = 0.32 * 6,863,900.4

= 2196448 birr

 Construction expenses (C.e)

C.e = 0.34 * 6,863,900.4

= 2333726 birr

 Contractor’s fee (C.f)

C.f = 0.18 * 6,863,900.4

= 1235502 birr

 Contingency (C)

C = 0.36 * 6,863,900.4

= 2471004 birr

Fixed-capital investment (F.c)

F.c =Σ Direct cost + Σ Indirect cost

= [C + C.f + C.e + E] + [L + S + Y + B + Ec + P + Ic + Pe]

= 8236680 + 13247246.0.8

= 21483926.08 birr

Working capital (W.c)

W.c = 0.74 * 6,863,900.4

= 5079286.3 birr
Total capital investment (T.c)

T.c = W.c + F.c

= 5079286.3 + 21483926.08

= 26,563,212.08 birr

SECOND CAPACITY (1800 ton/year)

Material balance

C7H6O3 + C4H603 C9HO4 +C2H4O2

- annual production of Aspirin = 1800 Ton /year

=1,800,000 Kg/year

This production of Aspirin has 99.5 purity

99.5 purity of production of Aspirin = 1, 800, 00 kg/year X0.0995

= 1,791,000 kg/year

Material Molecular
C7H6O 138 g
C4H6O3 102 g
C9H804 180 g
C2H4O2 60 g

The required row material

Acetic Anhydride (A.A)

We find the amount of material required and produced from

molecular weight relation

102 g of A.A = 180 g ASP (Aspirin )

X = 1,791,000 kg/year Asp

X = 1,014,900 kg A.A /year

From description the reaction has 95 % yield to consider

The un reacted amount of A.A we divide the amount production

of A.A by 0.95

A.A Annually /year = 1,014,900 kg/year

0.95

= 1,068,315,79kg/year

And also form the process description 20 % excess of A.A is feed

Therefore annual consumption of A.A

Annual consumption of A.A = (1,068,315.79) (0.2) + (1,068,315.79)

= 1,281,978.947 kg AA / year

The amount of salicylic Acid consumption

1389 AS (salicylic Acid) = 180 g ASP

X = 1,791,000 kg/ year Asp

X = 1,373,100 kg/ year SA

To get 100 % conversion or to included un reacted divided by 0.95

Amount of AS= 1,373,100 kg/year

0.95
 = 1445,368. 421 kg / year

The amount of acetic Acid produced as bi- product

60g Acetic Acid = 180g ASP

X =1,791,000 kg ASP /year

X = 597,000 kg acetic Acid /year

Sulphureic acid consumption

From process description H2SO4 requirement is

equal to 10% of the mass of salicylic acid (SA)

Amount of the H2SO4 = (0.1) (1,445,368.42)

= 144556.84 kg/year

Amount of the feed martial ( stream1 )

Material Amount
Salicylic acid 1,445,368.42 kg/year
Acetic anhydride 1,281,978.95 kg / year
Sulphuric acid 144536.84 kg /year

Centrifuge
S4H2O

S3
Centrifuge Aspirin
S7
Acetic Acid H 2O
Aspirin

Acetic S5 S6
Anhydride Acetic
Acetic
Anhydride
H2SO4 Anhydride
H2SO4
Salicylic acid H2SO4
Salicylic acid
Salicylic acid
Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid
H 2O
Centrifuge is first separate S5 which don’t contain Aspirin from s3 and from the
process description the separate left from s5 is contain the martial found in the
streams is 2% which Called material liquor. The mother liquor is separated by adding
water (stream 4)

98%Asprin = 1,771,000 kg/year

100% Aspirin and Mother Liquor = X

X= 1,791,000 kg/year = 1,829,661.02 kg/year

0.98

Amount of mother liquor = (0.02) (1,827,551.02)( kg/year

= 36,55.02 kg/year

To find the stream 6 (s6) we find the component of

Salicylic acid, acetic anhydride, H2So4 and Acetic aCid

Total sum = 877,904.21kg/year

Amount of salicylic acid of stream 6

Component of salicylic Acid

= amount of salicylic acid from S3

= total of (salicylic acid + acetic Acid + H2So4 +acetic anhydride

from stream S3

= 72,268.42 = 0.082

877904.21

Amount of salicylic acid of stream 6 = (0.082) (36,551.02

 = 3,008.85 kg/year

Similar for the Rest of steam 6

Reactor

The quality of reactant and product after reaction ( stream 2)_

Material Amount (kg/year)

Aspirin 1,791.00
Acetic acid 597,000
Acetic anhydride 64,098.95
H2So4 1444536.84
Salicylic Acid 72,268.42

S1 Reactor S2

Acetic Anhydride Aspirin

H2SO4 Acetic acid

Salicylic Acid Acetic anhydride

H2So4

Salicylic acid
Crystallizer

S2 S3
Crystallizer

S2 = S3 by amount and material

The crystallizer mater aspirin to form crystal

The amount of water is equal to the amount of Aspirin

Amount of water (stream 4) = 1,791,000 kg/year

The amount of water in stream 7 = amount of 2 % mater liquor

= 36551.02 kg /year

Amount ( kg/year )
Martial S6 S5 S7
salicylic Acid 3,008.85 69,259.57
Acetic anhydride 2,668.72 61,430.23
H2SO4 6,17.71 138,519.13
Acetic acid 24,855.74 572,144.26
H20 1,7754,448.77 - 36551.02
Aspirin - - 1,7,791.00
Dryer

- the stream of delivered to a dryer

S7 S8
H20

Aspirin

H 2O S 9

S8 contain 99.5% Asp = 1,791,00 kg/year

There fore 0.995 = 1,791, 00

1.0 X
X = 1,791,000 / 0.995

= 1, 800, 00 kg/ year (Asp and water

Amount of water in stream 8 = (1, 800, 00) (0,005)

= 9,000 kg /year

Amount of water (s9) = 36551.02 -9000

= 27551.02 kg/year
 From stream 2

Material Amount ( kg/year ) Amount ( kg/day)

Aspirin 1,791,000 5,373.54
Acetic acid 597,000 1791.18
Acetic anhydride 64,098.94 192.32
H2So4 144536.84 192.32
Salicylic acid 72,268.42 216.8
The sum of mass out let stream form reactor =8,007.49 kg/day

Distillation

We assume that acetic acid is completely separated from the liquor. Stream 11
carry acetic acid and the other component of liquor is carried by stream 10.

S11

Distillation

S5

S10

Material Amount ( kg/year )

S5 S10 S11
Salicylic Acid 69,259.57 69,259.57 -

Acetic anhydride 61,430.23 61,430.23

H2SO4 138,519.13 138,519.13

Acetic acid 572,144.26 - 572.144.26

Sizing of reactor
Reaction period is five hour (sum of time of feeding, reaction,

Removing and cleaning)

No of batch/ day = 24hr/dary = 4.8 batch ≈ 4batch /day

Volume of reactor = 5,373. 1.791.81 + 192.36 + 433.61 + 216.8

1049 1050 1830.5 1443

VR= 6.14 m3 /day

= (6.14m3 /day) ¼ batch /day) = 1.54 m3/batch

VR = with 10 % safety factor

VR= (1540) (0.1) + 1540 = 1694l

It the reactor is 75% full on each batch or cycle

the volume of reactor needed

VR= 1694 l/batch = 2,258.67 L / batch

0.75
Energy balance

Kopp’s rule is a simple empirical method for estimating the head capacity Cp of solid or
liquid at or near 20℃. According to this rule, Cp for molecular compounds is the sum of
contributions for each element of compound.

Element Hear capacity (J/mol.0C )

Solid Liquid
Carbon 7.5 12
Hydrogen 9.6 18
Oxygen 17 25
Sculpture 26 33

For example the head capacity for salicylic acid ( solid)

A calculated

Cp (C7 H6O3) = 7(Cp)C+ 6(CP)H + 3(CP)O

= 7(7.5) +6(9.5) + 3X17)

= 161.1 J/mol 0C

Cp( C4H6O3) = 4(12)+6(18)+ (3X25)

= 231J/mol 0C

Compound Solid Cp Liquid hear capacity

Salicylic acid ( solid) 161.1 267.0
Acetic anhydride (liquid) 138.6 231.0
Sulphuric acid ( liquid 113.2` 169.
 Acetylsalicylic acid ( solid) 212.3 352.0
Acetic acid 87.4 146

The unit of the heat capacity must be changed to J/kg

since we are working in mass base

Compound Molecular weight

Salicylic acid 138
Acetic anhydride 120.1
Sulpheric acid 98.1
Aceryalicy acid 180.2
Acetic acid 60.6

The heat cap by k/g is found by dividing heat capacity in mole by molecular weight
and multiplying by 1000

Heat ( J/kg0C) = heat capacity ( J/M/0c X1000 )

Weight ( g/mol )

Compound Solid cp J/kg)C Liquid / cp J/kg 0C

Salicylic Acid 1166.3 1933.0
Acetic anhydride 1357.5 2262.5
Sulpheric acid 1154.5 1723.1
Acetyl sal. acid 1178.5 1953.7
Acetic acid 1455.2 230.9

Reactor energy balance

Compound In put kg/ batch Out put kg/batch

Acetic anhydride 961.575 4.8075
Salicylic Acid 54.205 454.2
Sulpheric acid 72.275 72.275
Aspirin 1343.375
Acetic acid 471.3625

Assume reactor feed at 25 0C heat of reaction – 85 KJ/mol

1343.375 kg of aspirin = 7454.9 of mol

0.1802 kg/mol

QR = -n∆H0R

= -85 X7454.9

= -633667.45 kJ

To calculate change in enthalpy of products prom 250c to 900C ∆ H as follows

∆ H= mcp ∆t, where ∆t= (90 -25) = 65 0C

Compound Heat added ( kJ)

Acetic anhydride 707.00
Salicylic Acid 410887
Sulpheirc acid 8094.9
Aspirin 102,888
Acetic acid 74,479

Next step is to calculate total energy

QP = H product + QR

= 190,277.8 -633667.45 KJ

= -443,389.65 KJ

Let assume that from 3 hour of reaction time heat is librated for 2 hours
Qp = - 443,389 .65 KJ

2 hr

= 221,694 .82 KJ/hr

If excesses heat is librated we must have some

Mechanism to cool it. We prefer to cool it by using water and Jacketing the reactor. Let
the temperature change of cooling water be 10 0c from initial temperature

Q= mc Cp ∆T

mc = Q/CP∆T

mc = mass flow rate of cooling water

Cp= 4.18 KJ/kg

∆T = 10 0C = 10 M

m = 221 .694 .82 KJ/kg = 5,303.7 kg/hr

4.18X10 0C

The volumetric flow rate is

= 5,303 .7 kg /hr

998kG/m3 = 5.31 m3/hr

= 0.09m3/min = 90 lit /min

We select the material of construction to be glass lined. Stirred tank reactor. Assume
water in let temperature of 200C with 100c temperature rise. It is reasonable to
assume that a jacket to reactor with over all heat transfer coefficient.

having water and light organic 250 w/hr

The log min temperature

∆T, m= (1900C- 200C) – ( 90-30 0C) = 64.90C

2.303 log (90-20 )

(90-30)

Q = UA T min

A= Q = 221, 694, 82

UAT min 250 X64

A= 13.7 m2

A 1500 litter stirred tank stainless steel reactor having

Approximately 13.7m2 Jacket area.

Energy balance on the crystallizer

In crystallization the mixture is cooled to 00C. we assume heat of crystallization to be

0. The heat remanded by Cooling can be calculated as

Compound Input and out put kg/ batch Heat removed (kJ)
Sulicacid acid 54.2 -5689.2
Acet Anhydrid 48.08 -5774.2
sulpheric Acid 108.4 -16810.6
Asprin 1343.4 -142463.5
Acetic acid 447.8 -97970.1

Q= mcp ∆T ∆T= - 90 0c

The crystallization process takes 15 hours

q =Q/t =263118.43 /15hr

=17541.2 kg /her
The cooling water can be calculated as

mc Cp ∆T=q

mc = Q/∆T Cp

Let as assume that 10 0C change of cooling water and Cp = 4.18 kJ/kg.k

mc= 17541.2 = 419.6 kg/hr

4.18X10k

The volumetric flow rate

q=m = 419.6 = 0.042

Density 99.8 kg/m

The volume of the crystallizer with 90 0C percent full can be determinate as follows

V= 54.2 + 48.08 + 108.4 1343.4 447.8

1443 1050 18305 1390 1049

V= 1.534 m3

Therefore the capacity of the crystallizer is 1.534 m3

Capacity of centrifuge
The volume of Mixtures to be centrifuged is

V= 54.2 + 4.808 + 72.3 + 1343.4 = 471.36

1444 1050 1830.5 1390 1046

V= 1.14 m3

1m3 = 264.2gal

1.14m3 = X
 X= 301.2 gal

Assume that the volumetric flow rate of 301 gal / batch or 60.2 gal /hr

Or 1.003 pal /min

If batch of the centrifuge takes 20 min period then the amount of

Mixture than we take will be

= 1.003 gal/min X 20 min /batch

= 20.06 gal / batch

Energy balance on dryer

To calculator in enthalpy ∆ H of drier in stream 8 as follows

Compound Stream (8) Cp ∆T Q(kg)

kg/batch
Aspirin ( solid) 1343.4 1178.3 100 158290.9
Water 6.75 3360.5 90 2041.5
Heat added Total = 160332.4

Heat of vaporization = 2257 kJ/kg for water vapor

Compound Stream Cp ∆T Heat added

(8)
kg/batch
Water ) 20.66 3360.5 1200 6944.58
Water vap 20.66 Latent heat of 46629.62
vap
2257 KJ
Heat added Total = 53574.2 KJ
Heat transfer to drier = 53574.2 + 160332.4

= 213906.6 KJ

Capacity of drier

The heat transferred to the drier is 213906.6 KJ. The amount of air that supply this
amount of heat can be calculated by assuming

Let the change in temperature of the air be 30 0C and heat supplied be for 5
hour. let the moisture content of the air be 0.01 kg/kg air

ma∆T Cp = Q ,

ma == Q , q= Q = 213906.6 =42781.32 KJ /hr

∆TCp t 5

= 42781.32 = 1426.0 kg/hr

3 0 0C

Compound Input
Aspirin 5373.54
Water 109.66
Total 5483.2 Kg/day

The capacity of drier in kg/hr

 5483.2 kg X day

Day 24 hr

= 228.46 kg/hr

In volume

V= 5375.54 kg/h + 109.66 hg/day

1390 kg/m3 1000 kg/m3

V= 3.866m3/day + 0.11 m3 /day

V= 3.975 m3 /day

V=- 0.165 m3 /hr

Distillation

It is assumed that products delivered from the centrifuge process remain at 0℃ (except water).
There are three liquids present in the stream 5 going to the distiller; acetic acid, acetic anhydride
and sulphuric acid. Following are boiling points at atmospheric pressure for the components fed
into the distiller:

Compound Boiling point

Acctic Acid 118.1
Acctic anhydirt 139.8
Sulphuric 338
To calculate enthalpy ∆H of distillation in stream 10

Compound Stream 10 Cp ∆T Heat added (kJ)

Salicyclic 54.887 1166.3 118.1 6319.1
acid
Acetic 39.89 2262.5 118.1 10658.67
anhydride
Sulpheric acid 61.172 1723.1 118.1 12448.386
Total 29426.156 KJ

To calculate enthalpy in stream II

Compound Stream II Compound ∆T Heat added (KJ)

acetic 386.235 2430.9 93.1 87411.46
anhydride
Acetic acid 386.235 Latent heat
402 KJ/kg
Total 155266.47

Stream II contains reflux 42.915 kg of acetic acid will be cooled from acetic acid will be
cooled from 118 .1 0C to 250C and then returned to distiller for re- distillation as
follows

Compound 10 % reflux Compound ∆T Heat added (KJ)

Acetic acid 42.915 2430.9 93.1 9712.38
Acetic acid 42.915 Latent heat 402 kJ/kg 17251.83
Total 26964.21 kJ

Heated transferred to distiller

Heated transferred to distiller

Heating process: 29426.156 +242677.88 + 26964.21

= 299068,246 KJ

Compound Stream 11+10% Compound ∆T Heat added

reflux (kg)
Acetic acid 429.15 243.90 -93.1 --97123.85
Acetic acid 429.15 Latent heat -402 kJ/Kg -172518.3
Total
 - 269642.15

The mass of water required to condenses the vapor can be calculated, if ∆T =350C

mc = Q 269642.15

cp∆T = 4.2 X35

Mc= 1834.3 Kg/hr

Storage tank sizing

The storage capacity depend on many things one of the reactors is the daily
requirement and to how many days we need to store our raw material raw material

Raw material day requirements

Acetic anhydrid 3846.3 3.66 m3

Sulpheric acid 233.65 0.158 m3
Sulpheric acid 216.82

Gsulp = 1830.5 kg/m3

Gacchn =1050 kg/m3

Let us store material fro three day continues operation of

plant no of storage tank for Ac. An = 3.66 m3/day X 3 day

 = 10.98. 3m3

Vo of sulpheric acid tem = 0.158 m3/day X3 day

= 0.474 m3

≈ 0.5 m3

For salicylic acid since it is solid we head storage room

.the storage room capacity can be calculated as

Capacity of storage room

= 4336.5 /kg /day X 3 day

= 130009.6 kg

1443 kg/m3

= 9 m3 volume of house

Selection and determination of capacity of pumps

Acetic anhydride feed pump the capacity of the pump for acetic anhydride feed can be
determined.

q= volume of A.A day

feed time X no batch

I volume of A.Anhydrid day = 3846.3 kg/day

= 1050 kg/m3

q= 3.66 m3 /day =3.66

q= 3.66m3/day

45 min X 4batch = 0.02 m3/min

Batch day

Feed time X number batch

Volume of A. Anhydrid day = 3846.3 kg /day

Q= 3.66 m3 /day

45min X 4batch

Batch day =3.66 m3/day

= 0.02 m3 /min

For sulpheric acid

Q=433.65 kg/day

1830,5 kg/m3

= 0.237 m3/day

5 min X 4 batch/ day

= 11.85 X 10 -3 m3/min

= 11.8 l/ Min

For both fluids are select centrifugal pump made from stainless steel pump used
to pump reactor mixture

q mix = Volume of mixture batch

Feed time per batch

 = 1.535 m3/ batch = 0.0768 m3/min = 76.8 lit/min

20min /batch

Storage tank temporary feed to centrifuge the tank must hold the crystallization
out put for day therefore it has similar volume of crystallizer which is volume per day
.

1.534 m3 X 4 batch = 6.136 m3/day

Day

Temporary storage to feed the dryer

We should have the same capacity tank like that feed centrifuge. It should store one
centrifuged product for any delay. The capacity is 6.136 m3

Storage tank for acetic acid

Acetic acid recovered per day is 1716.9 kg. We refer to prepare storage tank for 7
days.

M7 day = 12018 .33kg

Volume of acetic acid in day = 12018.33 kg

1049 kg/m3

= 11.5 m3

Determination of feed to distillation

The sum of the feeds to the column is 2524 kg/day

In volume

V= 184.3 + 415.6 + 207.8 +1716.6

1050 1830 1441 1049

V= 0.176 + 0.227 + 0.144 + 1.636

 = 2.183 m3/day

= 91 L/hr

Capacity of condenser

We know that the mass of Acetic anhydride to be condense is 28.6kg/ batch or 114.4
kg/day

V= 114.4l kg/day = 0.12m3/ day X day /24hr =0.005 m3/hr

1050 kg/m3

Equipment specification

Reactor

 Jacketed, agitated

 Glass lined carbon steel , atmospheric

 608 gallon volume

Crystallizer

 Stainless steel

 420 gallon, atmospheric

Centrifuge

 Horizontal, automatic, batch

 20 inch diameter

 Stainless steel

Dryer

 Atmospheric, tray type

 Area of 20 ft2
  Stainless steal

Distillation

 Feed 62.5 l/h

 1.32 m diameter, 3m height

Acetic anhydride store tank

 7.5 m3 volume

 Glass lined carbon steel

 Floating roof, API

Sulphuric acid storage tank

 0.5m3 volume, atmospheric

 Glass lined Carbone steel

 Floating roof, API

Pump for feeding reactant (2) pump for reactant and product mixture feed to
crystallizer (1)

 Stainless steel

 Pipe diameter 2 in

 Packing seal type

Diaphragm pump for slurry pump from crystallizer

 Stainless steel

 1.003 gal/min flow rate

Storage tank for acetic acid

 Glass lined Carbone steel

  Floating roof, API

 2906 gallon volume atmospheric

Temporary Storage tanks

 1638 gallon (1), 1050 gallon (1)

 Stainless steel

Bucket elevators 1 for transport salicylic acid and 1 to transport centrifuged aspirin to
temporary storage tank

 6 * 4 inch area

 2 meter height

Cost of equipments

Equipment Cost (birr)

Reactor 61250

Crystallizer 1559550

Centrifuge 1169200

Dryer 262700

Temporary Storage tanks 363400

Pump (3) 444000

Storage tank for acetic acid 1209900

Diaphragm pump 395,900

Acetic anhydride store tank 75+0000

Sulphuric acid storage tank 45536.8

Bucket elevators (2) 273600

Distillation 500000

Total 7771336.8

Therefore purchased equipment cost (pc) without taxation is 7,771,336.8 birr.

Estimation other cost

We can estimate other costes from a given table of cost relation. Our plant solid liquid
processing.

Direct cost

 Purchased-equipment installation(pe)

Pe = 0.39 *7771336.8

= 3007421 birr

 Instrumentation and controls (Ic)

Ic = 0.13 * 7771336.8

= 1002473.78 birr

 Piping (installed) (p)

P = 0.31 * 7771336.8

= 2390514.41 birr

 Electrical (installed) (Ec)

Ec = 0.1 * 7771336.8

= 771133.68 birr

 Buildings (including services) (B)

B = 0.29 * 7771336.8

=2236287 birr

 Yard improvements (Y)

Y =0.1 * 7771336.8

= 777133.68birr

 Service facilities (installed) (S)

S = 0.55 * 7771336.8

= 4241235.24 birr

 Land (purchase not required) (L)

L = 0.06 * 7771336.8

= 462680 birr

Indirect cost

 Engineering and supervision (E)

E = 0.32 * 7771336.8

= 2467627 birr

 Construction expenses (C.e)

C.e = 0.34 * 7771336.8

= 2621854 birr

 Contractor’s fee (C.f)

C.f = 0.18 * 7771336.8

= 1388040.62 birr

 Contingency (C)
C = 0.36 * 7771336.8

= 2776081.25birr

Fixed-capital investment (F.c)

F.c = Σ Direct cost + Σ Indirect cost

= [C + C.f + C.e + E] + [L + S + Y + B + Ec + P + Ic + Pe]

= 24136484.15 birr

Working capital (W.c)

W.c = 0.74 * 7771336.8

= 5706389.23 birr

Total capital investment (T.c)

T.c = W.c + F.c

= 5706389.23+ 21483926.08

= 29,842,873.38 birr
 Plant Flow Diagram
Salicylic acid
store

Crystallizer 1 Intermediate
Reactor storage tank

Reactor
Washed
Crystallizer 2 stream
Centrifuge

Temporary
Crystallizer 3
Storage tank
C4H6O3
storage
tank
H2SO4
storage
Tank

Distillation
column
Drier
Conveyor

Packing