Date of Report: 14 March 2020

Report Prepared By: Glenn Waters

-[ Ir. Arboriculture
Author Qualifications: Batchelor Applied Science
Diploma of Horticulture
Advanced Certificate of
Arboriculture
Certificate of Tree Surgery

Report ID: 18_027 / Version 2

ARBORICULTURAL ASSESSMENT & REPORT

Abbotsford Convent Car Park, Abbotsford

Stage 2 Works
GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE
PO Box 94 I Oakleigh South I Victoria 13167
M I 0439 273 771
E I aw-arb@bigoond.com
 Arboricultural Assessment & Report

Abbotsford Convent Car Park, Abbotsford

Stage 2 Works

Executive Summary
There are one hundred and nine (109) trees located across the existing car park site and within the
Stage 2 works area.

Of these 109 trees, 62 trees are listed for removal as part of the upgrade works with 47 trees
being retained, including the 22 street and roadway trees. These 47 retained trees include 1
'Significant' , 12 'High' and 5 'Moderate' arboricultural/retention value trees.

This document will outline the tree protection works required during construction for these 47
trees so that they will be retained in the same condition as they current display.

Observations
The site is the existing formal and informal car parking area at the Abbotsford Convent, Abbotsford
and includes a formal asphalt car parking area fronting on to St Heliers Street and with informal
car parking areas to the north fronting on Johnston Street.

The site inspection and assessment captured data on one hundred and nine (109) trees located
across the existing car park site. The Stage 2 works include all of the 109 subject site trees.

Of these109 trees, 62 trees are listed for removal as part of the upgrade works with 47 trees being
retained. These 47 retained trees include 1 'Significant' , 12 'High' and 5 'Moderate' arboricultural/
retention value trees.

Of the forty-seven (47) tree to be retained, there are seventeen (17) Victorian Native specimens,
one (1) Australian Native specimen, seven (7) Exotic Deciduous specimens (Fraxinus angustifolia &
Fraxinus 'Raywood) and twenty-two (22) Exotic Evergreen specimens (Schinus area).

The retained trees have been apportioned a Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) distances as per the
Australian Standard AS 4970-2009 Protection of trees on development sites which defines a TPZ
as being the trunk diameter of the tree multiplied by a factor of 12. (eg: a 30cm dbh X 12 = 3.6m
radius TPZ). These are contained in the retained tree table below.
 Discussion

General Tree Retention Discussion:

The Australian Standard AS 4970-2009 Protection of trees on development sites has been used
to calculate the TPZ for the subject site trees.

The TPZ is calculated based on trunk (stem) diameter (DBH), measured at approximately 1.4
metres up from ground level. The radius of the TPZ is calculated by multiplying the trees DBH by
12. The method provides a TPZ that addresses both the stability and growing requirements of a
tree. TPZ distances are measured as a radius from the centre of the trunk at (or near) ground
level.

Encroachment into the TPZ is permissible under certain circumstances though is dependent on

•
both site conditions and tree characteristics. Minor encroachment, up to 10% of the TPZ, is
generally permissible provided encroachment is compensated for by recruitment of an equal area
contiguous with the TPZ.

With a site such as this, it is important to understand that tree root growth is opportunistic and
occurs where the essentials to life (primarily air and water) are present. Heterogeneous soil
conditions, existing barriers, hard paved surfaces, roads and buildings may have inhibited the
development of a symmetrically radiating root system and this may impact on the size and shape
of a TPZ. Existing infrastructure around some trees may be within the TPZ or root plate radius and
this may affect how roots are located and it is likely that the roots of individual trees may have
grown in response to the site conditions and therefore 'normal' tree protection zone calculations
may need to be modified to allow for such anomalies.

Appendix 1 lists the standard tree protection works that should be considered as part of the
management of trees to be retained during development and these works should be seen as a

• minimum standard to apply.

Tree Impact Discussion

Trees To be Retained:

No Common Name Dbh TPZs Age Tree Protection Works

Fencing during
Moreton Bay Fig 40 4.8 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 70 8.4 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Common Olive m 2.0 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 40 4.8 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 25 3.0 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Desert Ash 50 6.0 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Desert Ash 38 4.6 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
English Elm 40 4.8 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Desert Ash 30 3.6 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
English Elm 60 7.2 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Desert Ash 40 4.8 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction
No Common Name Dbh TPZs Age Tree Protection Works
Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Dead
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Gum 5 2.0 Young
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 38 4.6 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 20 2.4 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 40 4.8 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 65 7.8 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 75 9.0 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 75 9.0 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 50/40 7.7 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 60/60/50 11.2 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 50 6.0 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 40/40 6.8 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 55 6.6 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 46/40 7.3 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Black She-oak 12 2.0 Semi-mature
construction

20/18/15/ Fencing during

Golden Wattle 4.0 Semi-mature
12 construction

Fencing during
Yellow Box 30 3.6 Young
construction

Fencing during
Golden Wattle m 2.0 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Yellow Box 28/28 4.8 Semi-mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 75/50/30 10.9 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 90 10.8 Mature
construction
 No Common Name Dbh TPZs Age Tree Protection Works

ing
Peppercorn 50/45 8.0 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 90 10.8 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 90/70/70 15.0 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 90 10.8 Mature
construction

ing
Peppercorn 65/50 9.8 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 80/60/60 14.0 Mature
construction

Fencing during
Peppercorn 40/35/20 6.8 Mature
construction

The current design shows areas around individual trees where the current asphalt car parking
areas will be removed and returned to garden bed or open space. This will great a much better
root zone environment for these trees and should result in improved health of these trees.

There are several trees, particularly in the northern section of the site where the current car parking
areas is dirt or gravel. The plan in these areas is to formalise the car parking spaces while creating
garden beds or open space around the individual trees. While the proposed new car parking
spaces may encroach into several tree's root zones, these areas are heavily compacted and the
individual trees encroached should also improve with better access to improved open space.

Trees to be Removed:

The following trees are listed for removal as part of the current proposal:

No Common Name No Common Name

23 Sweet Bursaria 74 Claret Ash

27 Peppercorn 75 Desert Ash

28 Peppercorn 76 Sweet Pittosporum

29 English Elm 77 Desert Ash

30 English Elm 78 Desert Ash

31 English Elm 79 Sweet Pittosporum

32 English Elm 86 Desert Ash

34 Peppercorn 87 Claret Ash

 35 Peppercorn 88 Desert Ash

36 English Elm 89 Sweet Pittosporum

37 English Elm 90 Flax-leaf Paperbark

38 English Elm 91 Flax-leaf Paperbark

39 English Elm 92 Flax-leaf Paperbark

42 Peppercorn 93 Flax-leaf Paperbark

43 Peppercorn 94 Flax-leaf Paperbark

44 Yellow Bloodwood 95 Flax-leaf Paperbark

45 Peppercorn 96 Flax-leaf Paperbark

47 Peppercorn 97 Flax-leaf Paperbark

• 49

51

54

55
Peppercorn

Gossamer Wattle

Peppercorn

Peppercorn
98 Flax-leaf Paperbark

99 Flax-leaf Paperbark

10 Flax-leaf Paperbark

101 Flax-leaf Paperbark

57 Peach 102 Flax-leaf Paperbark

58 Gossamer Wattle 103 Flax-leaf Paperbark

59 Gossamer Wattle 104 Flax-leaf Paperbark

60 Yellow Bloodwood 105 Flax-leaf Paperbark

61 Coast Wattle 106 Flax-leaf Paperbark

70 Tree of Heaven 107 Flax-leaf Paperbark

71 Peppercorn 108 Flax-leaf Paperbark

73 Claret Ash 109 Claret Ash

•
Tree Management Plan
Project Arborist Appointment:

A Project Arborist must be pointed prior to construction to ensure that the objectives and actions
of this Tree Management Plan are carried out.

General Tree Management Plan Timetable.

Development Task Tree requirements Performed by

Phase

Pre-demolition & Demolition:

Pre demolition Site induction To educate contractors of the Project team

and development project requirements for tree
retention and protection
Erection of Tree Project Arborist to confirm Site Manager
Pre demolition Protection Zone setout and access points. / Project Arborist
fencing Mulching as required

Construction:

Supply irrigation Supplying water is the most Site Manager

to trees in important maintenance task. / Landscape
Construction warmer months Irrigation to be supplied on Contractor /
regular basis throughout spring Project Arborist
and summer.

Post Construction:

Removal of This should only be done when Site Manager

Post Construction protection all site works are complete. / Project Arborist
fencin.
Landscape Root disturbance within the Landscape
Planting TPZ is to be kept to a Contractor
minimum. All planting holes
Post Construction within the TPZ are to be hand
dug and relocated if roots over
30mm 0 are encountered.
Monitor tree At 6 month intervals. Project Arborist
Post Construction condition Recommend remedial works if
applicable.
 Timetable for the Project Arborist Attendance on-Site.

The Project Arborist shall be contacted and available for attendance on the site for the following
key milestones:

• Prior to demolition during or immediately after the setup of the Tree Protection Zone fencing.
The Project Arborist must check and confirm the alignments and access points.

• During construction when any works enter the Tree Protection Zones.

• During or immediately after the removal of the Tree Protection Zone fencing. The Project
Arborist must check and confirm the condition of the two street trees. A final overview report
on the construction process and the tree protection issues should be prepared at this time
and a timeframe for ongoing tree monitoring set.

Should damage occur to any retained tree, the Project Arborist must be contacted within 24 hours
and a site inspection be arranged. Any works arising out of any damage inspection must be
carried out as soon as practical.

Should any construction works require alteration to protection measures outlined in report the
Project Arborist must provide written advice as to the requirements and the new tree protection
measures.

Glenn Waters
GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE

•
Appendix 1: Retained Tree Protection During Phase 1
The following are guidelines that must be implemented to minimise the impact of the proposed
construction works on the retained trees.

• The Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) is fenced and clearly marked at all times. This fence should
deter the placement of building materials, entry of heavy equipment and vehicles and also the
entry of workers and/or the public into the TPZ. Australian Standard AS 4687 - 2007
Temporary fencing and hoardings, specifies appropriate fencing requirements. Existing
perimeter fencing can be incorporated into the protective fencing. Shade cloth should be
attached to reduce the movement of dust and other particulates into the TPZ. Signs
identifying the TPZ are to be placed on the fencing.

• If the area within the TPZ is to be accessed during the construction phase then the area will
need ground protection. Measures may include a permeable membrane, such as a
geotextile, to cover the TPZ area beneath a 100 mm layer of crushed rock below rumble
boards.

• Contractors and site workers should receive written and verbal instruction as to the
importance of tree protection and preservation within the site. Successful tree preservation
occurs when there is a commitment from all relevant parties involved in designing,
constructing and managing a development project.

• The Project Arborist is on-site to supervise excavation works around the existing trees where
the TPZ will be encroached.

• There is no immediate requirement for mulching within the TPZ. There is benefit to
maintaining existing site conditions within the TPZ and is more analogous to proposed
completion conditions. Monitoring of the trees in-line with prevailing weather conditions will
indicate if mulching will be required. The same approach is to used in providing supplemental
irrigation.

• No persons, vehicles or machinery to enter the TPZ without the consent of the consulting
arborist or site manager.

• Any underground service installations within the allocated TPZ should be bored and utility
authorities should common trench where possible.

• No fuel, oil dumps or chemicals shall be allowed in or stored on the TPZ and the servicing
and refuelling of equipment and vehicles should be carried out away from the root zones. No
storage of material, equipment or temporary building should take place over the root zone of
the tree. Nothing whatsoever should be attached to the tree including temporary services
wires, nails, screws or any other fixing device.

• Any pruning that is required must be carried out by trained and competent arborist who has a
thorough knowledge of tree physiology and pruning methods and carry out pruning to the
Australian Standard - AS 4373 - 2007 Pruning of Amenity Trees.

• All excavation within the Tree Protection Zone must be carried out by hand digging or with
the use of 'NDD-Excavation' techniques and only when supervised by the Project Arborist.
Where the Project Arborist identifies roots to be pruned within the TPZ, they should be
pruned with a final cut to undamaged wood. Pruning cuts should be made with sharp tools
such as secateurs, pruners, handsaws or chainsaws. It is not acceptable for roots within the
TPZ to be 'pruned' with machinery such as backhoes or excavators.
No Dbh bdbh HxS Species Common Name Age Health Structure Arb Value TPZ (m radius) <10% distance SRZ ULE Comments Origin Status
1 40 60 7 x 14 Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig Semi-mature Fair Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.7m 26-50 Aust. Native Retained
2 70 90 10 x 16 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair Fair High 8.4 5.8m 3.2m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
3 m 30 2-3 x 3-4 0/ea europaea Common Olive Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 2.0m 6-10 4 trees Exotic Deciduous Retained
4 40 50 7x9 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.6m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
5 25 30 10 x 8 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low 3.0 2.1m 2.Om 6-10 Vic. Native Retained
65 8 2x2 Eucatyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low ZO 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
7 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
85 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
9 50 60 5x6 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Mature Poor Poor Low 6.0 4.1m 2.7m 6-10 Exotic Deciduous Retained
10 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
11 38 45 5x6 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Mature Poor Poor Low 4.6 3.2m 2.4m 6-10 Exotic Deciduous Retained
12 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
13 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
14 40 55 8x9 Ulmus procera English Elm Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.6m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Retained
15 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
16 30 40 8 x7 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor Low 3.6 2.5m 2.3m 6-10 Exotic Deciduous Retained
17 60 80 14 x 11 Ulmus procera English Elm Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 7.2 5.0m 3.0m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Retained
18 40 60 11 x 10 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low 4.8 3.3m 2.7m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Retained
19 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
20 5 8 3x3 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
21 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Dead 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 0 Vic. Native Retained
22 5 8 2x2 Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Gum Young Fair Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 Vic. Native Retained
23 10 12 4x2 Bursaria spinosa Sweet Bursaria Young Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 11-25 5 trees Vic. Native Remove
24 38 40 10 x12 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.6 3.2m 2.3m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
25 20 40 8 x 10 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 2.4 1.7m 2.3m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
26 40 60 8 x 13 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.7m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
27 25 30 8 x 10 Schinus areria Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 3.0 2.1m 2.0m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
28 30 40 8 x 10 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 3.6 2.5m 2.3m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
29 20 25 5x6 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 2.4 1.7m 1.9 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
30 20 25 6x6 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 2.4 1.7m 1.8m 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
31 20 25 6x6 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 2.4 1.7m 1.8m 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
32 20 25 6x6 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 2.4 1.7m 1.8m 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
33 65 80 11 x 22 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair Fair High 7.8 5.4m 3.0m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Remove
34 28 40 8x7 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 3.4 2.3m 2.3m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
35 35 40 7x7 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.2 2.9m 2.3m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
36 20 25 6x7 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 2.4 1.7m 1.8m 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
37 30 35 8x8 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 3.6 2.5m 2.1m 0-5 severe elb infestation Exotic Deciduous Remove
38 25 30 6x6 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 3.0 2.1m 2.0m 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
39 25 30 6x6 Ulmus procera English Elm Young Very Poor Fair-Poor Low 3.0 2.1m 2.Om 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
40 75 90 12 x 16 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair High 9.0 6.2m 32m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
41 75 90 12 x 16 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair High 9.0 6.2m 3.2m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
42 40 45 8x8 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor Low 4.8 3.3m 2.4m 6-10 Exotic Evergreen Remove
43 50 55 9 x 11 Schinus areria Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 6.0 4.1m 2.6m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
44 25/25/20 40 8 x 12 Colombia eximia Yellow Bloodwood Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair Moderate 4.9 3.4m 2.3m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
45 25 30 6x7 Schinus arena Peppercorn Young Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 3.0 2.1m 2.0m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
46 50/40 90 10 x 18 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair High 7.7 5.3m 3.2m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
47 40 60 8 x 10 Schinus areria Peppercom Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.7m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
48 60/60/50 100 10 x 18 Schinus arena Peppercom Mature Fair-Poor Fair High 11.2 7.7m 3.3m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
49 25 35 6x7 Schinus areria Peppercorn Young Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low 3.0 2.1m 2.1m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
50 50 65 10 x 14 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 6.0 4.1m 2.8m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
51 12/10/10 30 3x6 Acacia floribunda Gossamer Wattle Young Fair Poor Low 2.2 1.5m 2.Om 6-10 Weed tree Vic. Native Remove
52 40/40 70 10 x 14 Schinus areria Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 6.8 4.7m 2.8m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
53 55 65 10 x 14 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 6.6 4.5m 2.8m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
54 30/30 50 9 x 13 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair Low-Moderate 5.0 3.4m 2.5m 11-25 Exotic Evergreen Remove
55 38/25 55 10 x 14 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 5.5 3.8m 2.6m 11-25 Exotic Evergreen Remove
56 46/40 60 9 x 14 Schinus arena Peppercorn Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 7.3 5.0m 2.7m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
 57 m 2 3x5 Prunus persica Peach Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor None 2.0 1.5m 0 Exotic Deciduous Remove
58 12/10 25 4x6 Acacia floribunda Gossamer Wattle Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor None 2.0 1.5m 1.8m 6-10 Weed tree Vic. Native Remove
59 12/12/10 28 4x6 Acacia floribunda Gossamer Wattle Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor None 2.4 1.7m 1.9m 6-10 Weed tree Vic. Native Remove
60 30 38 8 x 12 Corymbia eximia Yellow Bloodwood Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair Moderate 3.6 2.5m 2.2m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
61 15/12/12 25 6x7 Acacia longifolia Coast Wattle Semi-mature Poor Poor None 2.8 1.9m 1.8m 0-5 Weed tree Vic. Native Remove
62 12 18 4x4 Allocasuarina littoralis Black She-oak Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low 2.0 1.5m 1.5m 0-5 2 trees Vic. Native Retained
63 20/18/15/12 30 6x8 Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Semi-mature Poor Poor None 4.0 2.8m 2.0m 0-5 Vic. Native Retained
64 30 38 11 x 10 Eucalyptus meliodora Yellow Box Young Fair-Poor Poor Low 3.6 2.5m 2.2m 26-50 bifurcation of main leaders Vic. Native Retained
65 m 28 6x8 Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Semi-mature Poor Poor None 2.0 1.5m 1.9m 0-5 Vic. Native Retained
66 28/28 40 11 x 13 Eucalyptus meliodora Yellow Box Semi-mature Fair-Poor Poor Low 4.8 3.3m 2.3m 11-25 bifurcation of main leaders Vic. Native Retained
67 75/50/30 110 14 x 20 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor High 10.9 7.5m 3.4m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
68 90 110 12 x 15 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor High 10.8 7.4m 3.4m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
69 50/45 85 12 x 14 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 8.0 5.5m 3.12m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
70 38 50 14 x 16 Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor None 4.6 3.2m 2.5m 0 Weed tree Exotic Deciduous Remove
71 55 70 12 x 16 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Moderate 6.6 4.5m 2.8m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Remove
72 75 90 12 x 18 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair Fair-Poor High 9.0 62m 3.2m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
73 45 55 11 x 13 Fraxinus 'Raywoocr Claret Ash Mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 5.4 3.7m 2.6m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Remove
74 40 48 11 x 13 Fraxinus 'Raywoocf Claret Ash Mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.4m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Remove
75 45 55 11 x 14 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 5.4 3.7m 2.6m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Remove
76 35 40 7 x 10 Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.2 2.9m 2.3m 6-10 Vic. Native Remove
77 45 55 11 x 14 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 5.4 3.7m 2.6m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Remove
78 45 55 11 x 14 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 5.4 3.7m 2.6m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Remove
79 30/25 45 7 x 10 Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 4.7 3.2m 2.4m 6-10 Vic. Native Remove
80 50 60 16 x 14 Fraxinus 'Raywood' Claret Ash Mature Poor Fair-Poor Low-Moderate 6.0 4.1m 2.7m 11-25 Exotic Deciduous Remove
81 90/70/70 210 16 x 22 Schinus areria Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair Significant 15.0 10.3m 3.6m 26-50 Exotic Evergreen Retained
82 90 110 15 x 20 Schinus areria Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor High 10.8 7.4m 3.6m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
83 65/50 100 15 x 20 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor High 9.8 6.7m 3.3m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
84 80/60/60 120 15 x 20 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor High 14.0 9.6m 3.6m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
85 40/35/20 100 15 x 16 Schinus arena Peppercorn Mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor High 6.8 4.7m 3.3m 50+ Exotic Evergreen Retained
86 35 40 8x8 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low 4.2 2.9m 2.3m 6-10 Exotic Deciduous Remove
87 30/25 50 12 x 14 Fraxinus 'Raywood' Claret Ash Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low 4.7 3.2m 2.5m 0-5 Exotic Deciduous Remove
88 35 40 8x8 Fraxinus angustifolia Desert Ash Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low 4.2 2.9m 2.3m 6-10 Exotic Deciduous Remove
89 25 30 8x7 Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum Semi-mature Fair-Poor Fair-Poor Low 3.0 2.1m 2.0m 6-10 Vic. Native Remove
90 70 80 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 8.4 5.8m 3.0m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
91 50 70 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 6.0 4.1m 2.8m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
92 60 65 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 7.2 5.0m 2.8m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
93 50 58 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 6.0 4.1m 2.6m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
94 30 40 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 3.6 2.5m 2.3m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
95 40 48 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.4m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
96 40 5 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
97 40 58 4x6 Melaleuca linariffolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.6m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
98 60 70 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 7.2 5.0m 2.8m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
99 40 45 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.4m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
100 45 50 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Poor Poor Low-Moderate 5.4 3.7m 2.5m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
101 40 50 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.5m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
102 40 50 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.5m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
103 40 50 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.5m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
104 35 45 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.2 2.9m 2.4m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
105 30 39 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Poor Poor Low-Moderate 3.6 2.5m 2.2m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
106 35 40 4x6 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 42 2.9m 2.3m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
107 60 _ 65 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 7.2 5.0m 2.8m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
108 40 50 6x8 Melaleuca linariifolia Flax-leaf Paperbark Mature Fair-Poor Poor Low-Moderate 4.8 3.3m 2.5m 11-25 Aust. Native Remove
109 28/25/15 35 10 x 10 Fraxinus 'Raywood' Claret Ash Semi-mature Poor Fair-Poor Low 4.8 3.3m 2.1m 6-10 Exotic Deciduous Remove
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 GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE

Tree Descriptors - Version 10 (December 2019)

The typical assessment of a tree evaluates the factors of health and structure. The descriptors of
health and structure attributed to a tree evaluate the individual specimen as compared to what
could be considered typical for that species growing in its location. The two factors are completely
separate and it is possible to have a tree in good health with very poor structure or, conversely, a
tree in very poor health with good structure. These two factors should be used a guide to the
overall tree condition at the time of inspection.

Tree No:
A unique identifier, normally a number and often associated with a plan or map reference and used
to identify an individual tree or tree group.

Species:

Provides botanical name, (genus, species, variety and cultivar) according to accepted international
codes of taxonomic classification (where possible).

Common Name:

Provide the most well-known non-scientific name by which the tree is generally known.

DBH (trunk diameter, measured at 1.4m from ground):

Indicates the trunk diameter (expressed in centimetres) of an individual tree measured at 1.4m
above the existing ground level. Plants with a multi-stemmed habit may be measured below the
1.4m or at the tree base. DBH measurements are usually undertaken with foresters diameter tape
or builders tape.

It us used to calculate the Tree Protection Zone (TPZ) as outlined in the Australian Standard AS
4970-2009 Protection of trees on development sites.

• DBH in the tree data followed by an * are where the dbh has been estimated due to not having
access to the tree (usually neighbouring properties).

Basal Trunk Diameter:

This is the trunk diameter measured as the base of the trunk immediately above the root buttress
or trunk flare. It us used to calculate the Structural Root Zone (SRZ) as outlined in the Australian
Standard AS 4970-2009 Protection of trees on development sites.

H x W (Height x Width or Canopy Spread):

Indicates the height and width of the individual tree; dimensions are expressed in metres. Height is
measured with a clinometer/heightmeter where possible. Tree heights may be estimated in line with
previous clinometer readings in conjunction with author's experience. Crown widths are generally
paced (estimated) at the widest axis or averaged.
 GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE

Tree Type:

Describes the general geographic origin of the species and its type (e.g. deciduous or evergreen).

Category Description

Indigenous Occurs naturally in the area or region of the subject site

Victorian native Occurs naturally within some part of the State of Victoria (not exclusively) but is not
indigenous
Australian native Occurs naturally within Australia but is not a Victorian native or indigenous

Exotic deciduous Occurs outside of Australia and typically sheds its leaves during winter

Exotic evergreen Occurs outside of Australia and typically holds its leaves all year round

Exotic conifer Occurs outside of Australia and is classified as a gymnosperm

Native conifer Occurs naturally within Australia and is classified as a gymnosperm

Palm Woody monocotyledon

Age:

Relates to the physiological stage of the tree's life cycle.

Category Description

Young Sapling tree and/or recently planted

Semi-mature Tree rapidly increasing in size and yet to achieve expected size in situation

Maturing Specimen approaching expected size in situation, with reduced incremental growth

Mature Specimen at its expected size in its situation

Senescent Tree is over-mature and in decline

Dead Tree is dead

Health:

Assesses a range of attributes to describe the overall health of the tree.

Foliage density,
Decline symptoms/
Category Growth Indicators colour, size, intact- Pests and/or disease
Deadwood
ness
Good Above typical None or minimal Better than typical None or minimal
Typical, within damage
Fair Typical Typical or expected Typical
thresholds
Fair to Exceeds damage
Below typical More than typical Exhibiting deficiencies
Poor thresholds
Considerable amount/ Exhibiting severe defi-
Poor Minimal Contributing to decline
size ciencies
Significant amount and Significantly below typi-
Very Poor Below minimal Extreme
size cal
Dead N/A N/A N/A N/A
 GLENN WATER ARBORICULTURE

Structure:

Assesses principal components of tree structure.

Root plate & Primary branch Outer crown and Lean from verti-
Descriptor Trunk
lower stem support roots cal
No damage, dis-
ease Well formed, at- No damage, disease,
No damage, disease
Good or decay; obvious tached, spaced decay or structural Low or none
basal flare / stable or decay; well tapered
and tapered defect
in ground

Minor damage, dis-

Typically formed,
Minor damage or ease or decay; minor
Fair Minor damage or attached, spaced Minor / natural
decay branch end-weight or
decay and tapered
over-extension

Weak, decayed or Moderate damage,

Moderate damage Moderate damage or with acute branch disease or decay;
Poor or decay; minimal decay; approaching attachments; previ- moderate branch end- Moderate

•
basal flare recognised thresholds ous branch failure weight or over-exten-
evidence sion
Decayed, cavities
Major damage, dis-
Major damage, dis- or has acute
Major damage, ease or decay; fungal
ease or decay; ex- branch attach-
disease or decay; fruiting bodies present;
Very Poor ceeds recognised ments with includ- Acute
fungal fruiting major branch end-
thresholds; fungal ed bark; excessive
bodies present weight or over-exten-
fruiting bodies present compression flar-
sion
ing; failure likely

Excessive dam- Decayed, cavities Excessive damage,

Excessive - root
age, disease or Excessive damage, or branch attach- disease or decay;
plate failure or
Hazardous decay; unstable / disease or decay; ments with active excessive branch end-
stem failure prob-
loose in ground; cavities split; failure immi- weight or over-exten-
able
failure probable nent sion

The lowest or worst descriptor assigned to the tree in any column is generally the overall rating
assigned to the tree. The assessment for structure is limited to observations of external and above
ground tree parts. It does not include any exploratory assessment of underground or internal tree
parts unless this is requested as part of the investigation.

• Trees are assessed and the given a rating for a point in time. Generally, trees with a poor or very
poor structure are beyond the benefit of practical arboricultural treatments. The management of
trees in the urban environment requires appropriate arboricultural input and consideration of risk.
 GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE

Arboricultural / Retention Value Rating:

Relates to the combination of previous tree rating factors, including health, structure and form (ar-
boricultural merit), and also conveys an amenity value. This rating relates to the trees biological,
functional and aesthetic characteristics within an urban landscape context.

Category Description
Tree of better than high quality and will be an outstanding example of the species due to
factors such as age, size, outstanding example, rare in cultivation, etc.
Significant
Retention of these trees should be a priority for the site.

Tree of high quality in good to fair condition. Generally a prominent arboricultural feature.
Tree is capable of tolerating changes in its environment.
High These trees have the potential to be a medium to long-term component of the landscape if
managed appropriately. Retention of these trees is highly desirable.

Tree of moderate quality, in fair or better condition. Generally contributes to the landscape.
Tree may have a condition, and or structural problem that will respond to arboricultural
treatment. Tree is capable of tolerating changes in its environment.
Moderate
These trees have the potential to be a medium to long-term component of the landscape if
managed appropriately. Retention of these trees is generally desirable.

Trees with indicators that sit between Low and Moderate

Low Moderate

Tree of low quality and/or little amenity value. Tree in poor health and/or with poor structure.
Tree unlikely to respond positively to changes in its environment and does not warrant de-
sign modification to preserve it. Tree may be beyond the benefit of practical arboricultural
treatments.

Tree is not significant for its size and/or young. These trees are easily replaceable.
Low
Tree (species) is functionally inappropriate to specific location and would be expected to be
problematic if retained.

Retention of such trees may be considered if not requiring a disproportionate expenditure of

resources for a tree in its condition and location.

Tree has a severe structural defect and/or health problem that cannot be sustained with
practical arboricultural techniques and the loss of tree would be expected in the short term.
Tree whose retention would be impractical after the removal of adjacent trees (includes
trees that have developed in close spaced groups and would not be expected to acclima-
None tise to severe alterations to surrounding environment - removal of adjacent shelter trees)
Tree has a detrimental effect on the environment, for example, the tree is a woody weed.
These trees should be removed on the basis of sound arboricultural management.
 GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE

Useful Life Expectancy

Assessment of useful life expectancy provides an indication of health and tree appropriateness and
involves an estimate of how long a tree is likely to remain in the landscape based on species, stage
of life (cycle), health, amenity, environmental services contribution, conflicts with adjacent in-
frastructure and risk to the community.

The assessment is based on the site conditions not being significantly altered and that any pre-
scribed maintenance works are carried out (site conditions are presumed to remain relatively con-
stant and the tree would be maintained under scheduled maintenance programs).

ULE Rating Description

Tree may be dead or mostly dead. Tree may exhibit major structural faults. Tree may be an
< 1 year imminent failure hazard. Excessive infrastructure damage with high risk potential that cannot
be remedied.

• 1 - 5 years
Tree is exhibiting severe chronic decline. Crown is likely to be less than 50% typical density.
Crown may be mostly epicormic growth. Dieback of large limbs is common (large dead-
wood may have been pruned out). Over-mature and senescing. Infrastructure conflicts with
heightened risk potential. Tree has outgrown site constraints.
Tree is exhibiting chronic decline. Crown density will be less than typical and epicormic
growth is likely to present. The crown may still be mostly entire, but some dieback is likely
6 - 10 years to be evident. Dieback may include large limbs.
Over-mature and senescing or early decline symptoms in short-lived species.
Early infrastructure conflicts with potential to increase regardless of management inputs.
Trees displaying normal growth characteristics. Tree may be growing in restricted environ-
10-25 years ment (e.g. streetscapes) or may be in late maturity.

Tree may be growing in restricted environment (e.g. streetscapes) or may be in late maturity.
Generally juvenile and semi-mature trees exhibiting normal growth characteristics in parks
25+ years or open space. Could also be maturing, long-lived trees. Tree well suited to the site with
negligible potential for infrastructure conflicts.

•
 GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE

Tree Risk Assessment

A primary goal of tree risk assessment is to provide information about the level of risk posed by a
tree over a specific time period. This is accomplished in qualitative tree risk assessment by first
determining the categories for likelihood and consequences of tree failure. These factors are de-
termined by:

1. Evaluating the structural conditions that may lead to failure; the potential loads on the tree;
and the trees' adaptations to weaknesses—to determine the likelihood of failure.
2. Evaluating the likelihood that a tree or branch could strike people or property or disrupt ac-
tivities.
3. Assessing the injury, damage or disruption—to estimate the consequences of failure.

A matrix-based, qualitative approach to tree risk assessment is used define the level of risk. The
factors collected during the tree assessment, particularly with regard to the trees structure are
used in this determination.

The risk category is then compared to the level of risk that is acceptable to the client, controlling
authority, or societal standards. If the risk category defined for the tree risk exceeds the level of
acceptable risk, mitigation is recommended.

Risk Assessment Matrix

Likelihood of Likelihood of Failure (Target/Consequence)

Failure
Unlikely Somewhat Likely Likely Very Likely

Imminent (Very Low Moderate High Extreme

Poor Structure)

Probable (Poor Low Moderate High High

Structure)

Possible (Fair- Low Low Moderate Moderate

Poor Structure)

Improbable (Fair Low Low Low Low

Structure)

Bibliography:

Coder, K D. (1996) Construction damage assessments: trees and sites, University of Georgia, USA

Hitchmough, J.D. (1994) Urban landscape management, Inkata Press, Australia

Gooding, R.F., Ingram, J.B., Urban, J.R., Bloch, L.B., Steigerwaldt, W.M, Harris, R.W. and Allen,
E.N. (2000) Guide for plant appraisal, 9th edition, International society of Arboriculture, USA

Standards Australia (2009) Australian Standard AS 4970-2009 Protection of trees on development

sites.
 GLENN WATERS I ARBORICULTURE
P.O. Box 94,
Oakleigh South, VIC. 3167.
Arboricultural Consultancy: Precedent disclaimer and copyright

Copyright notice: © Glenn Waters I Arboriculture 2020. All rights reserved, except as expressly provided
otherwise in this publication.
Disclaimer: Although Glenn Waters I Arboriculture uses all due care and skill in providing you the information
made available in this report, to the extent permitted by law Glenn Waters I Arboriculture otherwise excludes
all warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied.
To the extent permitted by law, you agree the Glenn Waters I Arboriculture is not liable to you or any other
person or entity for any loss or damage caused or alleged to have been caused (including loss or damage
resulting from negligence), either directly or indirectly, by your use of the information (including by way of
example, arboricultural advice) made available to you in this report. Without limiting this disclaimer, in no event
will Glenn Waters I Arboriculture be liable to you for any lost revenue or profits, or for special, indirect,
consequential or incidental damage (however caused and regardless of the theory of liability) arising out of or
related to your use of that information, even if Glenn Waters I Arboriculture has been advised of the possibility
of such loss or damage.
This disclaimer is governed by the law in force in the State of Victoria, Australia.

Report Assumptions:

• Any legal description provided to Glenn Waters I Arboriculture is assumed to be correct. Any titles and
ownerships to any property are assumed to be correct. No responsibility is assumed for matters outside
the consultant's control.
• Glenn Waters I Arboriculture assumes that any property or project is not in violation of any applicable
codes, ordinances, statutes or other local, state or federal government regulations.
• Glenn Waters I Arboriculture shall take care to obtain all information from reliable sources. All data shall
be verified insofar as possible; however Glenn Waters I Arboriculture can neither guarantee nor be
responsible for the accuracy of the information provided by others not directly under Glenn Waters I
Arboriculture's control.
• No Glenn Waters I Arboriculture employee shall be required to give testimony or to attend court by reason
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• Loss of the report or alteration of any part of the report not undertaken by Glenn Waters I Arboriculture
invalidates the entire report.
• Possession of the report or a copy thereof does not imply right of publication or use for any purpose by
anyone but the client or their directed representatives, without the prior consent of the Glenn Waters I
Arboriculture.
• The report and any values expressed therein represent the opinion of Glenn Waters I Arboriculture and
Glenn Waters I Arboriculture's fee is in no way conditional upon the reporting of a specified value, a
stipulated result, the occurrence of a subsequent event, nor upon any finding to be reported.
• Sketches, diagrams, graphs and photographs used in the report, being intended as visual aids, are not
necessarily to scale and should not be construed as engineering or architectural drawings, reports or
surveys.
• Unless expressed otherwise: i) Information contained in the report will cover those items that were
outlined in the project brief or that were examined during the assessment and reflect the condition of
those items at the time of inspection; and ii) The inspection is limited to visual examination of accessible
components without dissection, excavation or probing unless otherwise stipulated.
• There is no warranty or guarantee, expressed or implied by Glenn Waters I Arboriculture, that the
problems or deficiencies of the plants or site in question may not arise in the future.
• All instructions (verbal or written) that define the scope of the report have been included in the report and
all documents and other materials that Glenn Waters I Arboriculture has been instructed to consider or to
take into account in preparing the report have been included or listed within the report.

To the writer's knowledge all facts, matter and all assumptions upon which the report proceeds have been
stated within the body of the report and all opinion contained within the report will be fully researched and
referenced and any such opinion not duly researched is based upon the writers experience and observations.
 epe
Abbotsford Convent Car Park Upgrade Stage 2
Planning Application Report

Attachment 4

One Mile Grid, Traffic Engineers: 'Abbotsford Convent Car Park, Transport Impact
Assessment, 20 March 2020

57