Common Derivatives and

Integrals

Derivatives
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
d
cf  x  cf  x , c is any  f  x  g  f   x  g   x
constant. x   
dx
d n d
x  nxn1 , n is any number.  c   0 , c is any constant.
dx  dx
f g  

fg g  f – (Product Rule)  f  fg f – (Quotient Rule)

g
  2
 g g
d
f  g  x f   g  x   g  (Chain Rule)
 x
dx
d d g
e    g xe 
x ln g  x   
g x g
x
dx  dx g x

Common Derivatives
Polynomials
d d d d
c   x  cx  c d n n
 ncxn1
dx  cx
dx x  nxn1
dx
0 1
dx dx

Trig Functions
d
sin x  cos x d
cos x  sin x
d
tan x  sec2 x
dx
d dx dx
sec x  sec x tan
x dx
d
csc x   csc x cot x
d
cot x  csc2 x
dx dx

Inverse Trig Functions

d 1 d 1 d 1
sin1 x  cos1 x   1
x 
dx  1 x2 dx  1 x2 dx tan 1 x2
d 1 d 1 d
sec1 x  1
x  1
x  1
dx  xx2 1 dx csc xx2 1 dx cot 1 x2

Exponential/Logarithm Functions
d
ax  ax ln d x
a dx e  ex
dx 
d 1 1
1   
d
ln x  x  0 ln x   x  d
 x , x0
, , 0 log 

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 Common Derivatives and
Integrals

dx x dx x dx a
x ln a

Hyperbolic Trig Functions

d
sinh x  cosh x d
cosh x  sinh x
d
tanh x  sech2
dx
d dx x dx
sech x  sech x tanh x d
csch x  csch x coth x
d
coth x  csch2 x
dx
dx dx

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 Common Derivatives and
Integrals

Integrals
Basic Properties/Formulas/Rules
 cf  x dx  c f  x dx , c is a  f  x  g  x dx   f  x dx   g 
constant.
b b x dx
 a f  x  dx  F  x  a  F  b   F  a  F  x   f  x dx
b b b
where
b b

a  cf x  dx  c  f
a
 x  dx , c is a  a f  x   g  x  dx   a f  x  dx   a
constant. g  x  dx
a b a

ba f  x  dx c 0  a f  x  dx  f  x dx
b

b
b

 a f  x  dx   a f  x  dx  c f  a c dx  c  b  a 
 x  dx b
If f  x  0 on a  x  b then ba f  x  dx b 0
If f  x  g  x on a  x  b f  x  dx   a g  x  dx
then a
Common Integrals
Polynomials
1
 dx  x  c  k dx  k x xndx 
 n 1
xn1  c, n  1

c
1 1
dx  ln x  c  x1 dx  ln x  x n
dx  xn1  c, n  1
c
x n 1
p p pq
1 1
q
 1 dx 1 ln ax  b  c x c
 ax  b ac x q
dx p
1
x q
 pq
q


q

Trig Functions

 cos u du  sin u  c  sin u du  cos u  c  sec 2

u du  tan u  c
 sec u tan u du  sec  csc u cot udu  csc u  csc 2
u du  cot u  c
uc c
c
 tan u du  ln sec u  c
 sec u du  ln sec u  tan u  csc u du  ln csc u  cot u  c
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 Common Derivatives and
Integrals

 cot u du 1ln sin u  c ln sec u  tan u   c

2
sec u du  sec u tan u 
3
csc3 u du  1 csc u cot u  ln csc u  cot u   c
 2

Exponential/Logarithm Functions
u
e u
du  eu u a
 ln u du  u ln u   u  c
c 
c
a du 
ln a
au
eau u u

e sin bu  du  2 2 a sin bu   b cosbu   c  ue du  u 1e  c

a

eau cosbu  du a cosbu   b sin bu   c 

1 du  ln ln u  c
 2 e 2

a b  u ln u

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 Common Derivatives and
Integrals

Inverse Trig Functions

 1 1 
u
 2 2
du  sin
 u
c
 sin u du  u sin1 u 1 u2  c
1

 a 1  u 1   1
du  tan1 c tan1u du  u tan1 u  ln 1 u2   c
 2  

a  u2
1 a 1  a u  2
 
du  sec1 c cos u du  u cos u  1 u2  c
1 1

 u u2  a2 a
 
 a 
Hyperbolic Trig Functions
 sinh u du  cosh u  c  sech u tanh u du  sech u  sech 2
u du  tanh u  c

 cosh u du  sinh u  c  c  csch 2

u du  coth u  c
 tanh u du  ln cosh u   csch u coth u du  csch u
c c

 sech u du  tan 1
sinh u  c

Miscellaneous
1 1 ua 1 1
du ln c du ln u  a  c
 u  a  ua
 a  u2
2
2a  u  a2
2
2a
2
u a ln u  a2  u2  c
a2  u2 a2  u2
du 
2 2
2

u2  a2 du u2 u2  a2 a ln u  u2  a2  c

2
2
a2  u2 u du
a2  u2  a sin 1  u   c
 2 2  
a2 1  a  u 
u  a2au  u2


2au  u2 du
2
 2 cos
 a
c
 

Standard Integration Techniques

Note that all but the first one of these tend to be taught in a Calculus II class.

u Substitution
Given b
then the substitution u  g  x will convert this into the
 f  g  x   g 
x dx
a
integral, b gb
a f  g  x g  x dx   f u  du .

Integration by Parts
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 Common Derivatives and
Integrals

The standard formulas for integration by parts are,

b b
 udv  uv    udv  uv b   vdu
vdu a
a a
Choose u and dv and then compute du by differentiating u and compute v by using the
fact that v   dv .

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 Common Derivatives and
Integrals

Trig Substitutions
If the integral contains the following root use the given substitution and formula.
a
a2  b2 x2  x  sin and cos2   1 sin2 
b
a
b2 x2  a2  x and tan2   sec2  1
sec
a2  b2 x2 b and sec2   1 tan2 
a
 x
Partial Fractions
tan
b

 P  x
If integrating where the degree (largest exponent) P is smaller than the
dx of x
Q x
  
degree of Q  x  then factor the denominator as completely as possible and find the partial
fraction decomposition of the rational expression. Integrate the partial fraction
decomposition (P.F.D.). For each factor in the denominator we get term(s) in the
decomposition according to the following table.

Factor in Q  x  Term in P.F.D Factor in Q  x  Term in P.F.D

ax  b A ax  b  ax  b k A1  A2 Ak
Ax  B ax2  bx  c  
ax  b ax  b2 ax  bk
A1 x  B1 Ak x  Bk
ax2  bx  c ax2  bx  c k ax2  bx  c  
ax 2
 bx  c
k

Products and (some) Quotients of Trig Functions

 sin n
x cosm x dx
1. If n is odd. Strip one sine out and convert the remaining sines to cosines using
sin2 x  1 cos2 x , then use the substitution u  cos x
2. If m is odd. Strip one cosine out and convert the remaining cosines to sines
using cos2 x  1 sin2 x , then use the substitution u  sin x
3. If n and m are both odd. Use either 1. or 2.
4. If n and m are both even. Use double angle formula for sine and/or half
angle formulas to reduce the integral into a form that can be integrated.

 tan n
x secm x dx
1. If n is odd. Strip one tangent and one secant out and convert the remaining
tangents to secants using tan2 x  sec2 x 1, then use the substitution u  sec x
2. If m is even. Strip two secants out and convert the remaining secants to tangents
using sec2 x  1 tan2 x , then use the substitution u  tan x
3. If n is odd and m is even. Use either 1. or 2.
4. If n is even and m is odd. Each integral will be dealt with differently.
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 Common Derivatives and
Integrals

Convert Example : cos6 x   cos 2 x   1 sin 2 x 

3 3

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