9673026759
India’s #1 JEE Batch
SETS 1
Ones Today IITians Tomorrow
9673026759
LIVE
LIVE Poll
A B C D
What are SETS ?
9673026759
A set is a well-defined collection of distinct objects.
Example:
➔ Collection of first 5 prime natural numbers
➔ Collection of first 5 composite natural numbers
How to represent SETS ?
9673026759
Normal Person:
Bhaiya 1 plate Gol Gappe dena
Shashi Tharoor:
Kinsperson, would you grace my plate
with some spicy water - filled orbs?
Representation of Sets
9673026759
Description Roster Form Set-Builder Form
A = {x : x is letter of
Set of letters in English Alphabet A= {a,b,c,d,……,z}
English Alphabet}
A = {x : x is vowel of
Set of vowels in English Alphabet A= {a,e,i,o,u}
English Alphabet}
Set of natural numbers less than 10 A= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} A = {x : x∈ N; x<10}
Set of natural numbers less than or
A= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} A = {x : x∈ N; x<10}
equal to 10
9673026759
Important Symbols
Symbol Stands for Examples
: Such that A = {x : x ∈ N; x<10}
∈ Belongs to x∈N
C Complex numbers
R Real numbers
Q Rational numbers
Z or I Integers
W Whole numbers
N Natural numbers
Important SETS
9673026759
Important Sets
9673026759
Express set A = {x3 : x < 5, x is a whole number} in roster form
9673026759
Express set A = {x3 : x < 5, x is a whole number} in roster form
9673026759
The number of elements in the set A = { (a, b) : 2a2 + 3b2 =35 , a, b ∈ N },
where N is the set of Natural Numbers:
A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. None
+ =
a a2 b b2 2a2 + 3b2 =35 (a,b)
9673026759
The number of elements in the set A = { (a, b) : 2a2 + 3b2 =35 , a, b ∈ Z},
where Z is the set of Integers is:
A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. None
+ =
a a2 b b2 2a2 + 3b2 =35 (a,b)
9673026759
Types of SETS
Null Set / Empty Set
9673026759
Set having no element in it.
It is denoted by ф or {}.
Singleton Set
9673026759
Set containing of 1 element
Finite Set
9673026759
A set in which number of
elements can be counted.
9673026759
Infinite Set
A set with infinite elements.
Cardinal Number
9673026759
Cardinal Number
Number of elements in a finite set A
Denoted by O(A) or n(A)
Example:
A = {a, b, c, d} ⇒ n(A) = 4
Types of SETS
9673026759
Equivalent sets:
2 sets with same number of elements.
Types of SETS
9673026759
Equal sets:
2 sets with exact same elements.
Universal
Cardinal Set
Number
9673026759
A set consisting of all possible elements which occur in the
discussion is called a universal set and is denoted by U.
Example:
If A = {1, 2, 3} , B = {2, 4, 5, 6},
C = {1, 3, 5, 7} then
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} can be taken as the universal set.
Cardinal
Subset &Number
9673026759
Superset
Let A and B be two sets.
If every element of A is an element of B then
A is called a subset of B and B is called superset of A.
Representation: A ⊂ B or A ⊆ B
e.g: A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} ⇒ A⊂B
9673026759
UNIVERSAL SET = DADA JI
SUPERSET = PAPA JI
SUBSET = BACCHA JI
9673026759
Subset is
Kuch nahi
kuch-kuch
sab-kuch
9673026759
Write subsets of A = {a, b, c}.
9673026759
Power Set
The set of all subsets of A is called power set of A & is denoted by P(A).
#BACHA -
Find power set of set A = {1, 2}
PARTY
Cardinal
Proper &Number
9673026759
Improper Subset
If A is a subset of B
if A ≠ B, then A is a proper subset of B and we write A ⊂ B.
if A = B, then A is improper subset of B and we write A ⊂ B
9673026759
Properties
● Every set is a subset of itself
● Null set, ф, is a subset of every set
● If A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A ⇔ A = B
● If set has n elements, then it has 2n subsets, out of which,
1 is improper subset, and remaining 2n - 1 are proper subsets.
9673026759
If A = {x : x = 4n + 1, 2 ≤ n ≤ 5}, then number of subsets of A is -
A. 16
B. 15
C. 4
D. None of these
9673026759
Two finite sets have m and n elements. The number of subsets of the
first set is 112 more than that of the second set. The values of m and n
are respectively,
A. 4, 7 B. 7, 4 C. 4 , 4 D. 7, 7
9673026759
Number of subsets of power set of A = {1,2,3} is
A. 8 B. 64 C. 256 D. 32
9673026759
If A is a null set, then find number of elements in P(P(P(P(A))))
A. 0 B. 1 C. 4 D. 16
9673026759
A set S contains 3 elements, the number of subsets of which of the
following sets is 256
A. S B. P(S) C. P(P(S)) D. None of these
9673026759
Let A = {a, b , c, d} and B = {a, b, c}. Then the number of sets X
contained in A and not contained in B is
A. 8 B. 6 C. 16 D. 12
9673026759
9673026759
Venn Diagram
U = Rectangular box
A, B and every other set = Circle in the box
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {3, 4, 5}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {4, 5}
9673026759
Venn Diagram
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {2, 3}
#SHAADI
9673026759
Union of Sets
A ∪ B = {x: x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {2, 5}
#Common
9673026759
Intersection of Sets
A ∩ B = {x: x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {2, 5}
9673026759
Difference of Sets
9673026759
Difference of Sets
A - B = {x: x ∈ A and x ∉ B} B - A = {x: x ∈ B and x ∉ A}
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A = {1, 2, 3}, A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {2, 5} B = {2, 5}
9673026759
Symmetric Difference of Sets
A Δ B = (A - B) U (B - A)
A Δ B = (A U B) - (A ∩ B)
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {2, 5}
#IskeAlawa
9673026759
Complement of Set
Complement of a Set: A’ = {x: x ∉ A but x ∈ U}
Also, represented as AC
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
A = {1, 2, 3},
B = {2, 5}
9673026759
Properties
● A - B = A ∩ B’
● B - A = B ∩ A’
9673026759
Disjoint Sets
If 2 sets have nothing in common
A∩B=ø
e.g. A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {5, 6} then A ∩ B = ø
9673026759
If U = {x: x5 - 6x4 + 11x³ - 6x² = 0},
A = {x: x² - 4x + 3 = 0} and B = {x: x² - 2x = 0}
What is (A ∩ B)’ ?
A. {1, 3} B. {1, 2, 3}
C. {0, 1, 3} D. {0, 1, 2, 3}
9673026759
9673026759
9673026759
9673026759
Let X = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. The number of different ordered pairs (Y,
Z) that can be formed such that Y ⊆ X, Z ⊆ X and Y ∩ Z is
empty is
A. 5² B. 35 C. 25
D. 5³
Element Y Z
9673026759
Laws
Commutative Law:
A∪B=B∪A
A∩B=B∩A
Associative Law:
(A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C)
(A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
Distributive Law:
(A ∪ B) ∩ C = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
9673026759
Laws
Identity Law:
A∪Ø=A
A∪U=U
Complement Law:
A ∪ A’ = U
A ∩ A’ = Ø
(A’)’ = A
Idempotent Law:
A∩A=A
A∪A=A
9673026759
De Morgan’s Law
De Morgan’s Law:
(A ∪ B)’ = A’ ∩ B’
(A ∩ B)’ = A’ ∪ B’
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
n(A - B) = n(A) - n(A ∩ B)
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) A, B are disjoint non-void sets.
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
n(A Δ B) = No. of elements which belong to exactly one of A or B
= n((A - B) U (B - A))
= n(A - B) + n(B - A) [since,(A - B) and (B - A) are
disjoint]
= n(A) - n(A ∩ B) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
= n(A) + n(B) - 2n(A ∩ B)
= n(A) + n(B) - 2n(A ∩ B)
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
n(A’ U B’) = n((A ∩ B)’) = n(U) - n(A ∩ B)
n(A’ ∩ B’) = n((A U B)’) = n(U) - n(A U B)
9673026759
In a class of 30 students, 16 passed in Maths, 12 passed in
physics and 9 passed in both. Find the number of students
who failed in both.
A. 17 B. 21
C. 19 D. 11
9673026759
In a group of 65 people, 40 like cricket, 10 like both cricket and tennis.
The number of persons liking tennis only and not cricket is
A. 35
B. 25
C. 15
D. None of these
9673026759
Let X be the universal set for sets A and B. If n(A) = 200, n(B) = 300 and
n(A ∩ B) = 100, n(A’ ∩ B’) = 300 then n(X) is equal to
A. 600
B. 700
C. 800
D. 900
9673026759
If A and B are two sets such that n(A - B) = 24, n(B - A) = 19 and
n(A ∩ B) = 11, then n(A U B) =
A. 43
B. 30
C. 54
D. 35
9673026759
9673026759
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
n(A U B U C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - n(A ∩ B) - n(B ∩ C) - n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
Number of elements in exactly two of the sets A, B, C
= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
Number of elements in at least two of the sets A, B, C
= n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(A ∩ C) - 2n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
9673026759
CARDINAL NUMBER
Number of elements in exactly one of the sets A, B, C
= n(A) + n(B) + n(C) - 2n(A ∩ B) - 2n(B ∩ C) - 2n(A ∩ C) + 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C)
9673026759
In a city, three daily newspapers A, B and C are published. 42% of the
people in that city read A, 51% read B and 68% read C. 30% read A and B;
28% read B and C; 36% read A and C; 8% do not read any of three
newspaper. The percentage of persons who read all the three newspapers
is
A. 25%
B. 18%
C. 20%
D. None of these
9673026759
In a survey of 25 students, it was found that 15 had taken mathematics,
12 had taken Physics and 11 had taken Chemistry, 5 had taken
mathematics and chemistry, 9 had taken mathematics and physics, 4 had
taken physics and chemistry and 3 had taken all the three subjects. Find
the number of students that had
(i) only chemistry
(ii) only mathematics
(iii) only physics.
(iv) physics and chemistry but not
mathematics
(v) mathematics and physics but not
chemistry
(vi) only one of the subjects.
(vii) at least one of the three subjects.
(viii) none of these
9673026759
From the Venn diagram, we have (i) Required number of students = g = 5
n(M) = a + b + d + e (ii) Required number of students = a = 4
n(P) = b + c + e + f (iii) Required number of students = c = 2
n(C) = d + e + f + g (iv) Required number of students = f = 1
n(M ∩ P) = b + e, n(P ∩ C) = e + f, n(M ∩ C) = d + e (v) Required number of students = b = 6
n(M ∩ P ∩ C) = e (vi) Required number of students
It is given that, n(M ∩ P ∩ C) = 3, e = 3 = a + c + g = 4 + 2 + 5 = 11
n(M ∩ P) = 9 ⇒ b + e = 9 ⇒ b + 3 = 9 ⇒ b = 6 (vii) Required number of students
n(P ∩ C) = 4 ⇒ e + f = 4 ⇒ 3 + f = 4 ⇒ f = 1 = a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 23
n(M ∩ C) = 5 ⇒ d + e = 5 ⇒ d + 3 = 5 ⇒ d = 2 (viii) Required number of students
n(M) = 15 ⇒ a + b + d + e = 15 = 25 - (a + b + c + d + e + f + g)
⇒ a + 6 + 2 + 3 = 15 = 25 - 23 = 2
⇒a=4
n(P) = 12 ⇒ b + c + e + f = 12
⇒ 6 + c + 3 + 1 = 12
⇒c=2
n(C) = 11 ⇒ d + e + f + g = 11
⇒ 2 + 3 + 1 + g = 11
⇒g=5
9673026759
FEEDBACK
https://tinyurl.com/jee1feedback
FORM
हाथ नह ीं छोड़ें गे
LIVE Poll
A B C D
साथ नह ीं छोड़ें गे
