According to Ogatis,G.
(2024), This intends to pay serious attention to the possibility of
redirecting the political emotions of the youth into the formation of positive kinds through a careful
analysis of the potential role of liberal education. Our current approaches to civic education do not
yet account for the emotional basis of citizenship that will generate the formation of a positive
political culture. Eliminating negative emotions requires a sensible analysis of the factors that
contribute to its polarized direction. We live in a time where the generation of politics of fear is
rampant among civic leaders. Negative emotion in our political sphere needs to be addressed by
cultivating a culture of emotion characterized by compassion and care. Thus, this study sees it
imperative to inculcate positivity among the youths at present to better shape the future of our
country’s political culture.
APA STYLE (REFERENCE)
Ogatis, G. (2024). Overcoming the politics of fear and the role of liberal education in the Filipino
youth’s formation of political emotion. Education Review, 12(1), 21–36.
https://doi.org/10.70922/ysw54146
According to Hunzicker (2023) , Several studies document that political bias in today's
college classrooms causes students to avoid discussing potentially controversial
topics for fear of criticism and ridicule, lowered grades, and even physical harm.
Inquiry-based instruction can increase students' feelings of safety in sharing their
views, decrease student self-censorship, and allow students to practice engaging
in uncomfortable yet collegial conversations. This article describes how inquiry-
based instruction can be used to: (1) encourage students' consideration of a
balanced range of information drawn from a variety of sources (curriculum); (2)
facilitate active and student-centered thinking, discourse, and decision-making
(instruction); and (3) emphasize thoughtful and research-based logic, reasoning,
and rationale over simply expression of opinions and ideas (assessment). Such
an inquiry-based approach to curriculum, instruction, and assessment can
reduce political bias in today's college classrooms.
Hunzicker, J. (2023, October 2). Reasoning and Rationale versus Opinions and Ideas:
Using Inquiry-Based Instruction to Reduce Political Bias in Today’s College
Classrooms. https://eric.ed.gov/?
q=safety+colleges+perceived+amidst+political+issues&ff1=dtySince_2021&id=ED6310
02
According to Ladia and Panao (2023) The findings also nuance the impact of well-
known predictors such as political knowledge, interest, and efficacy on youth
civic engagement. In particular, internal political efficacy was found to be strongly
related to the three forms of political participation while external efficacy only
stimulates online political participation. The study points to the importance of
targeting political attitudes in order to shape political interest among the youth
and nurture a politically engaged citizenry.
Ladia, C. E. P., & Panao, R. a. L. (2023). Filipino Youth in Viral and Virulent Times:
Unpacking the predictors of youth political participation in the 2022 Philippine
elections. Child & Youth Services, 45(4), 560–
582. https://doi.org/10.1080/0145935x.2023.2261362
According to Bustos-Orosa and Symaco (2024), Philippine higher education is fraught
with challenges in access, relevance, and quality. Initiatives at addressing these issues
have often been adopted as government-mandated regulations. Academic program
offerings are likewise highly regulated. Private institutions make up most of the higher
education providers but differentiation in regulatory policies for private and public
institutions are often imbalanced and partial to the latter. Higher education institutions
are also tasked to contribute to the goals of achieving social equality and ensuring
employability, with the push for internationalization being linked to quality concerns..
Bustos-Orosa, M. A., & Symaco, L. P. (2024). Higher education in the Philippines:
Issues and challenges. In International perspectives on education and society (pp. 91–
102). https://doi.org/10.1108/s1479-367920240000049007
According to McClure (n.d.) Loss of tenure, reduced opportunities for collaboration,
decreased funding, isolation, and oftentimes physical threats are but a few strategies used
against academics who openly participate in activism. While many activist movements have
been birthed on college and university campuses, very few demonstrate a willingness to
embrace the causes or individuals involved in these activist movements. As institutions of higher
education try to strengthen both the policies and practices related to diversity, equity, and
inclusion it is imperative that they also examine the oppressive structures, antiquated hiring
practices, and exclusionary curriculum that inhibit the culture of activism from thriving.
McClure, C. L. (n.d.). Creating a culture of activism in the education
doctorate. https://eric.ed.gov/?
q=threats+colleges+perceived+amidst+political+issues+philippines&ff1=subPolitical+Atti
tudes&ff2=dtySince_2021&id=EJ1339367
According to Mangad, Jinky & Gaston, Rexon & Ulla, Mark. (2024), Understanding the
complexities of language utilization in political slogans and campaigns may reveal its
importance in molding public conversation and impacting electoral results. The present
study examined the meaning of the various election campaign posters in the
Philippines, employing rhetorical semantic analysis. The central questions that the study
seeks to answer are: How are meanings constructed from these election campaign
slogans? and What rhetorical devices were used to build these election campaign
slogans? Findings revealed that political slogans in the Philippines embodied a unique
linguistic structure. In other words, Philippine slogans possess a distinct linguistic style,
as they convey messages of commitment, authenticity, and service from the political
candidates. While our findings highlight the use of a more straightforward language in
political slogans, it could also be noted that such simplicity of the language is reinforced
by the use of the local language.
Mangad, Jinky & Gaston, Rexon & Ulla, Mark. (2024). Examining the rhetorical
landscape of political campaign slogans in the Philippines: a rhetorical-semantic
analysis. Cogent Arts & Humanities. 11. 10.1080/23311983.2024.2417510.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385129523_Examining_the_rhetorical_landsc
ape_of_political_campaign_slogans_in_the_Philippines_a_rhetorical-semantic_analysis
According to Woessner, M& Woessner, K (2020) In considering the liberalizing effect of
college on students’ political values, we argue that political identities in the form of self-
identified ideology or partisanship are components of social identity and are resistant to
change. Using data from the Higher Education Research Institute’s student surveys, we
show that what movement in identity does occur is mostly a regression to the mean
effect. On several issue positions, however, students move in a more uniform leftward
direction. We find that liberal drift on issues is most common among students majoring
in the arts and humanities. Self-reported ideology does drift left at liberal arts colleges,
but this is explained by a peer effect: students at liberal arts colleges drift more to the
left because they have more liberal peers.
Woessner, Matthew & Kelly-Woessner, April. (2020). Why College Students Drift Left:
The Stability of Political Identity and Relative Malleability of Issue Positions among
College Students. PS: Political Science & Politics. 53. 1-8.
10.1017/S1049096520000396.
https://politicalsciencenow.com/why-college-students-drift-left-the-stability-of-political-
identity-and-relative-malleability-of-issue-positions-among-college-students/
According to Deinla et al. (2022), the relationship between political
polarization, measured as pro-administration and opposition support,
and vulnerability to online misinformation through a survey distributed
through snowball sampling among students in colleges and
universities. It also highlight possible trends, such as the link between
increased self-reported frequency of seeing fake news and decreased
likelihood of correctly identifying fake news, and the link between
increased trust in news in social media and decreased odds of correctly
identifying both real and fake news.
Deinla, I. B., Mendoza, G. a. S., Ballar, K. J., & Yap, J. K. (2022). The link between fake
news susceptibility and political polarization of the youth in the Philippines. Asian
Journal of Political Science, 30(2), 160–181.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2022.2117713
According to Bolaños (2023), The Intelligence of Emotions addresses the importance of
compassion in social and political practices, in the face of a rather emotionless
(and hence, fragmented and reductionistic) Western political mindset. But rather
than crude emotion driven by waywardness and directionless thinking, the
compassion she suggests is likened to a reasonable political psychology, which
is a sort of empowerment for individuals—it opens avenues for understanding the
vulnerabilities even of the most marginalized sectors of the society, therefore,
rather than hating them for being the way they are, we can be sympathetic about,
say, the external economic and institutional causes that deprive them and that
disallow them from achieving their potentials.
Bolaños, K. A. (2023). Nussbaum: The Importance of Storytelling and Engendering
Compassion for Today’s Political Life. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?
id=22400&fbclid=IwY2xjawI-
MjlleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHXRao5dIBFrP0rtcnqOIgO6XBZiMDNsI5nEMecxl9Ov0
knaS5ggZizlCEQ_aem_2jLxHVA-MSC8P_LhQ9Mbgw
According to Alvarez et al. (2024) Political ideologies have a significant impact on an individual's
social relationships especially during political discussions, wherein it can manifest either positive or
negative consequences. Previous research has revealed that individuals may refrain from engaging
in political discussions if they perceive political differences with their family or friends, as tight-knit
relationships often result in similar political affiliations, at the same time teachers and employees can
shape young people’s societal involvement by bringing their ideologies within institutions.
Alvarez, J. M. L., Guyod, E. N. R., & Balao, N. C. (2024). Impacts of differences in
political ideologies on students' social relationships.
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=25767&fbclid=IwY2xjawI-
M95leHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHYbSP9TS3mTGaSxJzShWYsGiJ-
j_iVBuaNcKVl_7XgpxUdDV9z60e4pGAA_aem_h66itN1Sgs59EWoF8H1L3Q
According to Al-Khaza’leh and Lahiani (2021), The findings of this study revealed that
there was a considerably high level of political awareness among the university
students. It was also found that there were differences in the level of political awareness
among students depending on the faculty, which favoured the students belonging to
faculties of humanities.
Al-Khaza’leh, M. S., & Lahiani, H. (2021). University and Political Awareness among Students:
A Study in the Role of University in Promoting Political Awareness. Journal of
Educational and Social Research, 11(2), 204. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-
0041
According to ERLC, (2024), Politics and ideology are forces that do not merely pertain to
governance but often cast a vision about the nature of reality, individuals, and society.
As such, political ideologies can have a religious power, shaping the people that adhere
to them.
ERLC. (2024, May 24). How does politics shape the way we see the world? - ERLC.
https://erlc.com/research/how-does-politics-shape-the-way-we-see-the world/?
fbclid=IwY2xjawI-
OV5leHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHfZkwht1ldTkNPhJDy1vfw7S19fXt9mNg570DIkztVRR
tMsOFgzu_B2RJw_aem_FWHrBHHHNgiT8Df4QyXraw
