Unit 4: Make an Impact Vocabulary:

Visionary: Visionario Be aware of: Estar preocupado de/Ser consciente de Escapist: Escapista (Que vive pensando en un mundo lejano a la realidad, poco inters por lo que sucede) Generation: Generacion Activist: Activista Carry on a tradition: Continuar una tradicion Issues: Problemas Motivated: Motivado Tradition: Tradicion Circumstances: Circunstancias Apathetic: Apatico Grammar: Modals and Phrasal Modals Esta parte del grammar nos indica los verbos exactos que deben ser usados para dar a entender habilidad, dar un permiso, necesidad, ausencia de necesidad o un consejo. Habilidad: Present: -Can (I can speak English) -Am/is/are able to (I am able to speak English) Past: -Could (I could swim when I was ten years old) -Was/were able to (I was able to swim when I was ten years old) Permitir algo/ Dar un permiso: Present: -Can/May (You can smoke here-You cant smoke here/ You may smoke here-You may not smoke here) -Am/is/are permitted to (You are permitted to drink alcohol-You arent permitted to drink alcohol) -Am/is/are allowed to (You are allowed to copy in the exam-You arent allowed to copy in the exam) Past: -Could (You could drink alcohol in a park last year/ You couldnt drink alcohol in a park last year) -Was/were permitted to (You were permitted to drive without a driver license/You werent permitted to drive without a driver license) -Was/were allowed to (You were allowed to sleep with your parents when you was a kid/ You werent allowed to sleep with your parents when you was a kid) Necesidad: Present: -Must (I must study if I want to pass my exam) -Have to (I have to stop drinking to have a healthy life)

-Am/is/are required to (I am required to finish my homework to go out with my friends) Past: -Must no tiene expresion en pasado -Had to (I had to listen my teacher when I was in school) -Was/Were required to (I was required to teach my son when he was a child) Ausencia de Necesidad: Present: -Dont/doesnt have to (I dont have to do my homework because I did it in my school) Past: -Didnt (I didnt have to learn English when I was a I kid because it is my natural language) Dar un consejo: Present: -Should (You should take a vacation, you look so tired) -Shouldnt (You shouldnt go out tonight, it is raining) Past: -Should have (You should have listened to your mother yesterday, now is too late) -Shouldnt have (You shouldnt have traveled to Cuzco during winter, now you are suffering because of the rain)

Unit 5: Believe it or not: Vocabulary:

Sought: Buscado Devoted: Devoto Distress call: Llamada de auxilio Stranded: Varado/ Estancado Authorities: Autoridades Witness: Testigo Seemingly vanished: Desaparecer de repente Outcome: Desenlace/ Resultado Identified: Identificado Documents: Documentos Evidence: Evidencia Theory: Teoria Incident: Incidente Premises: Premisas Outskirts: alrededores/afueras Whereabouts: paradero/ubicacion Routinely: Habitualmente Trigger: Provocar/desencadenar Inexplicable: Inexplicable Speculated: Especulado Malfunction: Mal funcionamiento Previous: Previo Observed: Observado Intuition: Intuicion

Grammar: Modals of speculation about the past En esta parte utilizaremos algunos de los modals y phrasal modals aprendidos en la unidad anterior para hacer especulaciones acerca del pasado. Could have (I could/couldnt have died in a accident yesterday Pude/No pude haber muerto) May have (He may/may not have worked in the police department El pudo/no pudo haber trabajado) Might have (He might/might not have played with her feelings for money El podria/no podria haber jugado) Must have (She must/must not have read my book if she wanted to understand it Ella debio/no debio haber leido mi libro)

Unit 6: Todays workplace Vocabulary:

Cut back on: Recortar Laying off: Despidiendo Stick with: Seguir con Figure out: Aclarar/Descifrar/Averiguar/Comprender Passed over: Dejar de lado/ Hacer caso omiso Found out: Descubri Handed in: Algo es entregado Get ahead: Ir adelante/ sobresalir Give up: Rendirse Come up whit: Elaborar o proponer Go under: Hundirse Caught on: Haber Ganado popularidad/Haberse dado cuenta Set up: Montar/erigir/levanter/montar/convocar Took off: Tuvo exito Carry out: Llevar a cabo o realizar algo Hang on: Agarrarse a algo/ Esperar un momento Put off: Apagar/aplazar Think about: Pensar en Grammar: Phrasal Verbs Los phrasal verbs son verbos compuestos. Es decir que son verbos que tienen dos o ms componentes unidos. Normalmente es un verbo acompaado de una preposicin (up, with, on, etc). En la mayora de casos ambos componentes dejan de tener el significado que tendran por si solos. Por ejemplo, give = dar y up = arriba; juntos forman un phrasal verb, give up = rendirse. Otros ejemplos de prhasal verbs sonlos verbos que estn en el vocabulario. Se clasifican en transitives verbs y intransitive verbs.

Los transitive verbs son aquellos que toman algn objeto, por ejemplo: Lay off some staff: Despedir algunos miembros del personal Come up with ideas: Proponer ideas Los intransitive verbs son aquellos que no toman objetos: Going under: Im going under: Me estoy hundiendo Give up: I give up: Me rindo