"Golden Questions Round"
"Poll & Prep Power Hour"
"Complete Crackdown"
"Quick Recall Round"
"Topper’s Touch Up"
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Match the column - 1 with column - 2 and choose the correct option :
Column - 1 Column - 2
(Resources) (Example)
(I) Biological 1. Coal
(II) Renewable 2. Wildlife
(III) Non-renewable 3. Solar Energy
a) I-1, II-3, III-2
b) I-1, II-2, III-3
c) I-2, II-3, III-1
d) I-2, II-1, III-3
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: c) I-2, II-3, III-1
💡 Explanation: (I) Biological → 2. Wildlife, Biological resources are derived from living things.
Wildlife includes animals and plants, so it's a biological resource.
(II) Renewable → 3. Solar, Renewable resources can be naturally replenished. Solar energy is
constantly available and doesn’t run out, making it a renewable resource.
(III) Non-renewable → 1. Coal, Non-renewable resources cannot be quickly replaced once
they’re used. Coal takes millions of years to form, so it is non-renewable.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
Resources can be classified in the following ways
(a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and
non-renewable
(c) On the basis of ownership – individual, community,
national and international
(d) On the basis of status of development potential,
developed stock and reserves.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Assertion (A): The Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit led to the adoption of Agenda 21, a global
framework for sustainable development.
Reason (R): The summit only focused on reducing poverty without considering environmental
impacts.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: C) A is true, but R is false.
💡 Explanation: The Reason claims that the summit focused only on poverty reduction, neglecting
environmental issues, which is false. In reality, the summit addressed both environmental
sustainability and poverty reduction, emphasizing the interconnection between the two.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
● In 1992, world leaders met at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for the first Earth Summit.
● They discussed environmental protection and global development.
● They signed agreements on climate change and biological diversity.
● The summit adopted Agenda 21, a plan for sustainable development.
● Agenda 21 aims to fight pollution, poverty, and disease through global cooperation.
● It encourages local governments to create their own local Agenda 21 plans.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Which of the following statements is/are correct about resource planning?
● It helps in tackling the problem of resource wastage.
● It promotes equitable distribution of resources.
● It discourages sustainable development.
(a) Only 1 and 2
(b) Only 2 and 3
c) Only 1 and 3
(d) Only 3
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: (a) Only 1 and 2
💡 Explanation: Resource planning helps reduce resource wastage and ensures equitable
distribution, making it essential for sustainable development. The correct answer is (a) because
statements 1 and 2 are true, while statement 3 is incorrect as resource planning supports, not
discourages, sustainability.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
The 3 stages of resource planning in India are
1. Identification and Inventory of resources across the regions of the country. like surveying,
mapping and measurement of the resources of the region where the resources are available.
2. Developing resource development plans and Making a proper planning structure with the use of
appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing the plan.
3. Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. What does the statement "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's
greed" suggest?
(a) Resources should be used without considering future generations.
(b) Resources are sufficient if used judiciously, but greed can lead to scarcity.
(c) Greedy usage of resources ensures economic growth.
(d) Natural resources are unlimited and can never be exhausted
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: (b) Resources are sufficient if used judiciously, but greed can lead to scarcity.
💡 Explanation: The statement suggests that the Earth has sufficient resources to meet the basic
needs of all people if used responsibly. However, excessive consumption driven by greed leads to the
depletion of these resources, causing scarcity and imbalance. It emphasizes the importance of
sustainable and judicious use of resources for the well-being of all.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
● Resources are essential for development, but overuse can cause environmental and social
problems.
● Gandhiji stressed the need for conservation, warning against greed and mass production.
● The Club of Rome first systematically promoted resource conservation in 1968.
● Schumacher’s book Small is Beautiful (1974) supported Gandhian ideas of small-scale production.
● The Brundtland Report (1987) and the Earth Summit (1992) emphasized sustainable development
for conserving resources globally.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Which of the following statements about land resources in India is/are correct?
1. Land in India supports vegetation, wildlife, economy, and transportation.
2. Plains account for 43% of India's land area, which is ideal for agriculture and industry.
3. Plateaus cover 27% of India’s area and source of rivers.
(a) Only 1 and 2
(b) Only 2 and 3
(c) Only 1 and 3
(d) All three statements
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: (a)
💡 Explanation:T
✅ Statement 1 is correct – Land supports vegetation, wildlife, and many human activities.
✅ Statement 2 is correct – 43% of India’s land is plains, ideal for agriculture and industry.
❌ Statement 3 is incorrect – Plateaus cover 27% of India’s area, not 30%, and are rich in
minerals, fossil fuels, and forests.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
● Land is crucial for various human activities, supporting
vegetation, wildlife, economy, and transport.
● India’s land has different relief features: 43% is plains, 30%
is mountains, and 27% is plateaus.
● Plains are ideal for agriculture and industry, mountains
support rivers and tourism, and plateaus are rich in
minerals, fossil fuels, and forests.
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Match the following land utilization categories with their descriptions:
Column A Column B
(i) Net Sown Area (A) Land not used for agriculture
(ii) Forest Land (B) Land left uncultivated for one or more agricultural years
(iii) Barren and Wasteland (C) Land covered with natural or planted trees
(iv) Fallow Land (D) Land that has been cultivated for at least one crop
(a) (i) - D, (ii) - C, (iii) - A, (iv) - B
(b) (i) - B, (ii) - D, (iii) - C, (iv) - A
(c) (i) - A, (ii) - B, (iii) - D, (iv) - C
(d) (i) - C, (ii) - A, (iii) - B, (iv) -D
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation POINTS TO REMEMBER
LAND UTILISATION
✅ Correct Answer: (a) (i) - D, (ii) - C, (iii) - A, (iv) - B 1. Forests
💡 Explanation: Land utilization in India involves 2. Land not available for cultivation
categorizing land based on its use. Net Sown Area is
(a) Barren and waste land
land cultivated for at least one crop. Forest Land
(b) Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads, factories, etc.
includes natural or planted tree cover. Barren and
3. Other uncultivated land (excluding fallow land)
Wasteland are areas unsuitable for agriculture.
(a) Permanent pastures and grazing land,
Fallow Land is temporarily left uncultivated to
(b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves (not included in net
regain soil fertility
sown area),
(c) Culturable waste land (left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural
years).
4. Fallow lands
(a) Current fallow-(left without cultivation for one or less than one
agricultural year),
(b) Other than current fallow-(left uncultivated for the past 1 to 5
agricultural years).
5. Net sown area– the physical extent of land on which crops are sown
harvested is known as net sown area. Area sown more than once in an
agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Match the state with the cause of land degradation:
State Cause of Land Degradation
(I) Punjab, Haryana (A) Overgrazing
(II) Jharkhand, Odisha (B) Mining and deforestation
(III) Gujarat, Rajasthan (C) Overirrigation and water logging
(a) (I) - (C), (II) - (B), (III) - (A)
(b) (I) - (A), (II) - (C), (III) - (B)
(c) (I) - (C), (II) - (A), (III) - (B)
(d) (I) - (B), (II) - (C), (III) - (A)
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: (a) (I) - (C), (II) - (B), (III) - (A)
💡 Explanation:
● In Punjab and Haryana, overirrigation causes water logging, which leads to land degradation.
● In Jharkhand and Odisha, mining and deforestation are the main contributors to land
degradation.
● In Gujarat and Rajasthan, overgrazing is the key cause.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
● Land degradation is caused by human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, mining, and
over-irrigation.
● Mining leaves deep scars on the land, especially in areas like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.
● Overgrazing in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh leads to soil degradation.
● Over-irrigation in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh causes water logging, increasing soil salinity
and alkalinity.
● Conservation measures include afforestation, grazing management, and controlling industrial
pollution to prevent further degradation.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Read the following characteristics of a soil and identify the soil from the given options.
● It is widely spread and important soil.
● Northern plains are made of it.
● It consists of sand, silt and clay.
(a) Yellow soil
(b) Black soil
(c) Laterite soil
(d) Alluvial soil
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer:
● 💡 Explanation:Td
● The northern plains of India are largely made up of alluvial soil.
● Alluvial soils are composed of a mixture of sand, silt, and clay, which matches the
characteristics mentioned in the question.
● Alluvial soils are formed by the deposition of materials by river systems, including the
Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra. This aligns with the description provided.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Soil Basis Area / State Crop Contain X - Factor
Northern plains (Interplay of Paddy, wheat, sugar cane Silt, sand and clay
Alluvial Khadar and bangar
Indus, Ganga Brahmaputra) and other cereal Potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
Fine clayey material Self aeration (develops
Deccan trap (Gujarat, M.P and Calcium carbonate, magnesium cracks and sticky when
Black Cotton
Maharashtra) carbonate but poor in phosphoric dry and wet
content. respectively.)
Reddish due to diffusion
Odisha, chhattisgarh and
Develops on crystalline igneous rocks of iron and yellow when
Red and Yellow piedmont zone of the Western Plantation (coffee)
and contain iron particles. it occurs in hydrated
Ghats.
form.
Hilly areas of karnataka, Kerala, Cashew nuts, pineapple
Poor in humans, deep and acidic and Intense leaching due to
Laterite Meghalaya( Tropical Evergreen cultivation tea and
deficient in plant nutrients. heavy rain.
areas.) coffee.
Lacks humus and moisture, sandy in
Found in the Western parts of Rainfed crops, Jowar, After proper irrigation
Arid texture and saline in nature,Contain
Rajasthan Bajra, Maize become cultivable
calcium.
Hill and mountainous regions Mountain vegetations Loamy and silty in valley and coarse Fertile on valley and
Forest
(J&K,HP,UK, Sikkim and AP) and forests. grained in upper slopes terraces.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Which of the following pair is correctly matched?
(a) Alluvial Soil - Western Rajasthan
(b) Black Soil - Northern Plain
(c) Arid Soil - Deccan Plateau
(d) Laterite Soil - Western Ghats
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: d
💡 Explanation:The laterite soil develops
under tropical and subtropical climate with
alternate wet and dry season.and occur
mostly in southern states, Western Ghats
region of Maharashtra, Odisha, some parts of
West Bengal and North-east regions.
Class 10th | Geography
Class 10th
| Resource
- Economics
and Development
- Development
| Topper’s Touch Up
Que. Assertion (A): Soil erosion is a natural process, but human activities like deforestation,
overgrazing, and mining can accelerate it.
Reason (R): Human activities disturb the natural balance between soil formation and erosion,
leading to increased soil loss.
A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.
Class 10th | Geography | Resource and Development | Topper’s Touch Up
Explanation
✅ Correct Answer: A
💡 Explanation:T
Assertion (A) explains that soil erosion is a natural process but can be worsened by human
activities such as deforestation and overgrazing.
Reason (R) correctly highlights that human activities disrupt the natural balance of soil
formation and erosion, making soil more vulnerable to erosion.
POINTS TO REMEMBER
● Soil erosion happens when wind, water, or glaciers wear away the soil.
● Gully erosion forms deep channels in the soil, making it bad for farming.
● Sheet erosion washes away the topsoil, and wind erosion blows soil off the land.
● Bad farming practices can cause erosion, but contour ploughing and terrace farming can help stop it.
● Strip cropping and shelter belts (rows of trees) protect soil from wind and water damage.
