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ISC MATHEMATICS PROJECT
TOPIC:Draw the graph of y = sin-1 x (or any
other inverse trigonometric function), using the
graph of y = sin x (or any other relevant
trigonometric function). Demonstrate the
concept of mirror line (about y = x) and find its
domain and range.
NAME:Isha Sovasaria
CLASS:XII
UID:
B
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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Topic Page No.
1 Introduction 3
2 Aim of the Project 4
3 Mathematical Presentation 5-12
4 Reflection 13
5 Conclusion 14
6 Bibliography 15
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INTRODUCTION
Mathematics is a branch of knowledge that deals with
numbers, quantities, and shapes, as well as their
relationships and operations. “It is the science that deals
with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement."It is all
around us, in everything we do. It is a methodical
application of matter and makes our life orderly and
prevents chaos.It is a field that is used in many different
areas, such as science, engineering, finance, and social
sciences.Mathematics involves using logical reasoning and
critical thinking skills to solve problems, make discoveries,
and prove theorems. It is divided into many different
subfields, including algebra, calculus, geometry, statistics,
and many others.
One of the most important fields in mathematics is
t r i g o n o m e t r y. Tr i g o n o m e t r i c f u n c t i o n s , i n v e r s e
trigonometric functions, and mirror lines are essential
concepts in mathematics with immense practical
applications in different fields.While inverse trigonometric
functions are used to find the angle measures of a right
triangle given the lengths of its sides, trigonometry is the
study of the relationships between side lengths and angles
of a triangle.These concepts are used in various fields such
as architecture, engineering, surveying, physics etc.
Therefore, a deep understanding of these topics and their
graphs is very essential. Hence, out of the available topics,I
chose to research on this topic.
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AIM OF THE PROJECT
->To understand the use of mathematics in analysing and
solving problems both in school and in real-life situations.
->To delve deeper into the field of trigonometry and inverse
trigonometry
->To acquire a better understanding of the importance of
trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions
->To draw the graph of y = sin-1 x using the graph of
y = sin x
-> To find the domain and range of the functions:y = sin-1 x
and y=sin x
->To demonstrate the concept of mirror line, about the line
y=x
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MATHEMATICAL PRESENTATION
Trigonometric Functions:Trigonometric functions are also
known as “Circular Functions”.They can be simply defined
as the functions of an angle of a triangle.These functions
are used in obtaining unknown angles and distances from
known or measured angles in geometric figures.
Example-cos(π/2)=0
Trigonometric
Domain Range
Functions
sin θ (-∞, ∞) [-1, 1]
cos θ (-∞, ∞) [-1, 1]
tan θ R - (2n + 1)π/2 (-∞, ∞)
cot θ R - nπ (-∞, ∞)
(-∞, -1] U [1,
sec θ R - (2n + 1)π/2
∞)
(-∞, -1] U [1,
cosec θ R - nπ
∞)
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Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
Inverse trigonometric functions are defined as the inverse
functions of the basic trigonometric functions, which are
sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant and cosecant
functions. They are also termed ‘arcus’ functions,
‘antitrigonometric’ functions or ‘cyclometric’ functions.
These inverse functions in trigonometry are used to get the
angle with any of the trigonometry ratios.
Example-sin(π/2)=1 thus, (1)=π/2
Inverse
Trigonometric Domain Range
Functions
sin-1x [-1, 1] [-π/2, π/2]
cos-1x [-1, 1] [0, π]
tan-1x (-∞, ∞) (-π/2, π/2)
cot-1x (-∞, ∞) (0, π)
(−∞,−1] U [0, π/2) U (π/2,
sec-1x
[1,∞) π]
(−∞,−1] U [-π/2, 0) U (0,
cosec-1x
[1,∞) π/2]
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Domain and Range
The domain of a function is the set of values that we are
allowed to plug into our function.This set is the x values in
a function such as f(x).
The range of a function is the set of values that the function
assumes. This set is the value that the function shoots out
after we plug an x value in. They are the y values.
Mirror Line
Mirror Line is a line that cuts the figure into symmetrical
parts. If there exists at least one line that divides a figure
into two halves such that one-half is the mirror image of the
other half, it is known as reflection symmetry.”
When a point is reflected across the line y = x, the x-
coordinate and y-coordinate change places. Similarly, if a
point is reflected over the line y = -x, the x-coordinate and
y-coordinate change places and the signs also change.
The graph of an inverse function can be obtained from the
corresponding graph of original function as a mirror image
(i.e., reflection) along the line y = x.
The image of the graph y = sin-1x is the reflection of y =
sin x in the line y = x because when we interchange x and y
in y = sin x, we get x = sin y which is equal to y = sin-1x.
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Procedure
1.Two lines perpendicular to each other are drawn on the
graph paper and named as X’OX and Y’OY
2. The following scales are taken for making the graph:
x-axis = 3cm = π/6 rad
y-axis = 2cm = 0.5 units
3. The points (π/6, sinπ/6 ), (π/4, sinπ/4) and (π/2, sinπ/2)
are marked in the coordinate plane and named as N1, N2,
N3 and N4.
4. On the other side of the x-axis ,points (-π/6, sin-π/6), (-π/
4, sin-π/4) and (-π/2, sin-π/2) are marked and named as N1’,
N2’, N3’, N4’. The point of origin is marked as 0.
5. The points on both sides of the x-axis are joined to get
the graph of sin x from -π/2 to π/2.
6. The graph of the line y = x is drawn by plotting points
(1,1), (2,2), (3,3) and so on.
7.From the points N1, N2, N3, N4 ,a perpendicular is drawn
on the line y = x .These lines are produced such that the
length of perpendicular on both sides of the line y = x are
equal.These points are named as I1, I2, I3 and I4.
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8.The same process is repeated o the other side of the x-axis
and those points are named as I1’, I2’, I3’ and I 4’.
9. The points on both sides of the line y=x are joined to
show the graph of y= sin-1x.
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REFLECTION
This project has helped me understand the concept and
importance of graphical representations.It has developed a
mathematical curiosity in me and drastically improved my
deductive and inductive reasoning capabilities when
solving problems.
Through this project I learnt how to draw the graph of sin-1x
using the graph for sin x which made my concepts much
clearer. I did research from multiple sites to ensure factual
accuracy. Then I referred to the text book and took help
from parents and teachers. Based on my understanding I
drew the graphs of sin x and sin-1x by hand.I drew a
separate graph demonstrating how the graph of sin-1x can be
drawn using the graph of sin x.The graph of sin-1x was
found to be the mirror image of the graph of sin x.The same
method and implication is applicable to all other inverse
trigonometric functions and their corresponding
trigonometric functions.
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CONCLUSION
I would like to thank my teacher for giving me the
opportunity to work on this project. I found the topic quite
easy and interesting.Researching for this topic has
definitely increased my knowledge and understanding of
the topic. I have learnt about the applications of inverse
trigonometric functions.The graph of any inverse function
can be drawn from the corresponding graph of original
function by reflecting it along the line y = x.Through this
projects,I have realised how graphical representation makes
learning much easier.Graphs are a visual representation
which help organise and analyse information in well-
structured formats, making it easier to interpret the
data.This project has truly been an eye opener to the vast
range of benefits of mathematics and has inspired me to
pursue it as a subject for my higher studies.I am looking
forward to preparing more such projects in the future.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.)MALHOTRA O.P. , GUPTA S.K. , GANGAL ANUBHUTI -
ISC MATHEMATICS BOOK 2 FOR CLASS 12, S CHAND ,
AS PER 2022 SYLLABUS
2.)https://byjus.com/maths/inverse-trigonometric-functions/ -
21/6/23 , 6:38 p.m.
3.) https://www.vedantu.com/maths/inverse-trigonometric-
functions - 21/6/23 , 10:14 p.m.
4.)https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3384074/if-two-
functions-are-mirror-images-of-each-other-about-the-line-y-x-
are-they - 22/6/23 , 12:20 a.m.
5.)https://www.aplustopper.com - 23/6/23 , 9:35 p.m.
