CHAPTER 3

Meeting life challenges

Which of the following statement/s is/are a part of the stress process, as explained by
Lazarus’ Cognitive theory?
i. An individual’s response to a stressful situation largely depends upon the
perceived events and how they are interpreted.
ii. Regardless of the cause of the threat, the individual will respond with the same
physiological pattern of reactions.
iii. When we perceive an event as negative, we are likely to make a secondary
1 appraisal.
iv. Primary appraisal refers to the perception of a new or changing environment as
positive, neutral or negative in its consequences.
Choose the correct option:
a. ii, iii, iv b. ii, iii c. i, iii, iv d. ii

2 Supportive friends and family provide ____________ by reassuring the individual

that she/he is loved, valued, and cared for.
a. emotional support b. tangible support c. informational support d. financial
support

3 __________ are abilities for adaptive and positive behaviour that enable individuals
to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.
a)life skill b)assertiveness c)rational thinking d)positive health

4 Assertion (A): Many of us drive ourselves ruthlessly towards achieving unrealistic

and high standards in achieving our goals. This is a source of psychological stress.
Reason (R): Conflicts stem from beliefs based on expectations from inside us to
ourselves.

5 Many students face high levels of anxiety while preparing for the Board examination
which interferes with their preparation, concentration and performance. This could
be due to a) Eustress b) Pathogens c) Weakened immune system d) Evaluative
stress

6 (A): All life challenges are not necessarily stressful

( R):It depends on how a challenge is viewed.

7 The stresses which people experience vary in terms of intensity, duration,

complexity and __________.
a. personality b. predictability c. temperament d. intelligence
8 (A): An individual response to a stressful situation largely depends upon the
perceived events and how they are interpreted or appraised.
(R ): Lazarus has distinguished between two types of appraisals, primary and
secondary

9 (A)life skills are abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals
to eal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life.
( R): To meet the challenges of life a positive attitude, positive thinking, social
support etc are some factors that can be of help.
10 (A): If pressure due to stress continue, one may suffer from mental overload
(R ): This suffering from high levels of stress can rapidly cause individuals to lose
their ability to make sound decisions, it leads to poor concentration, and reduce short
term memory capacity.

11 The study that focuses on the link between the brain, mind and immune system is
called _______________.
a. Psychoneuroimmunology b. Psychoimmunology c. Psychoneurology [Link]
neurology

12 when vikram was caught in a traffic jam he felt angry,because he believed that the
traffic should move [Link] mange this stress,he needs to _____
i) cope with stress on the basis of rigid deep seated beliefs
Ii reassess the way he thinks and learn coping strategies
Iii allow himself to manage and regulate the emotional response to that problem
Iv handle this stressful situation by including only covert activities in the coping
strategies
a)i,ii and iii b)ii and iv c)ii and iii )i,ii and iii

13 The following is/are true about stress and the immune system:
i. Stress can cause illness by impairing the workings of the immune system.
ii. The immune system functions to guard the body against attackers, both from
within and outside.
iii. Increased levels of natural killer cell cytotoxicity have been found in people who
are highly stressed.
iv. Studies reveal that immune functioning is better in individuals who do not
receive social support.
Choose the correct option:
a. I b. ii, iii c. i, iii, iv d. i, ii

14 Heena loist her husband in a car [Link] life event is traumatic .Which of the
following is not true about the effects this stress can have on her?
I. Stress can affect her behaviour in the form of eating less nutritious food,disrupted
sleep pattern,increased absenteeism and reduced work performance
 ii)the cognitive effects will be both enhanced concebntration and increased short
term memory capacity.
iii) in her chase the stress can start a vicious circle of decreasing confidence,leading
to more serious emotional problems.
iv)the effects of this stress will mostly be physiological in nature.
a. i and ii b)ii and iv c)ii and iii d)i,ii and iv
b.
15 Dilip experiences mood swings, and erratic feelings due to the stress he is facing.
This refers to the _________ effect of stress.
a. physiological b. behavioural c. cognitive d. emotional

16 Frustration is one of the sources of psychological stress. (True/False)

17 (A): People with high levels of stress but low levels of illness share three
characteristics, which are referred to as the personality traits of hardiness.
(R): Hardiness consists of ‘the three Cs’, i.e., commitment, control, and challenge.

18 sheetal was provided feedback about her current physiological [Link] was also
accompanied by relaxation [Link] procedure to monitor and reduce the
physiological aspects of stress is known as _______
a) Meditation b)relaxation c)biofeedback d)coping

19 Radhika is frustrated and crying, as she is not prepared well for her [Link]
coping strategy that she is using to deal with stress is
a)avoidance oriented b)task oriented c)problem focused d)emotion oriented

20 .(A) Primary appraisal refers to the assessment of one’s coping abilities,resources

and whether they will be sufficient to meet the harm,threat or challenge of the event
(R ): The resources can be mental,physical,personal or social

21 __________ stem from beliefs based upon expectations from inside us, such as, ‘I
must do everything perfectly’.
a. Conflicts b. Frustrations c. Social stresses d. Internal pressures

22 _______ stresses are demands that change the state of our [Link] example, we
feel strained when we overexert ourselves, lack of nutritious diet or suffer an injury
c. Environmental b)physical c)bodily d)health related
d.
23 Ramya is being provided with books and uniforms by the school. Identify the kind
of support that she is receiving.
a) Informational Support b) Tangible Support, c) Emotional Support d) Positive
Support
24 Physical, emotional and psychological fatigue states are known as:
a) Resistance b) Stress c) Burnout d) Action

25 .In the ______ stage,the parasympathetic nervous system calls for more cautious use
of body’s resources.
e. Alarm reaction b) resistance c)exhaustiond)adaptation

26 As per the General Adaptation Syndrome, the individual is ready for fight or flight
in the _____________ stage.
a. resistance b. burnout c. alarm reaction d. exhaustion

27 It is the ______ that are attacked by the HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
a)B cells b)T helper cells c)T cells d)Natural killer cells

28 Ayesha focuses on her priorities, plans her work and schedules her time effectively.
This is suggestive of the _________ coping strategy.
a. emotion focused b. avoidance oriented c. task oriented d. emotion oriented

29 ________ result from the blockage of needs and motives by something or someone
that hinders us from achieving the desired goals.
a. Conflict b)internal pressure c)social pressure d)frustration

30 ___________ is a stress management technique involving subjective experience

using imagery and imagination
a)creative visualisation b)relaxation c)meditation d) biofeedback

31 Tanisha works at night in a call center, travels amidst heavy traffic to reach her work
place and sleeps during the daytime. This is challenging and is a/an _____________.
a. hassle b. traumatic event c. life event d. environmental stress

32 .Latika overthinks and worries about achieving her goals. Thus, the stress that she
generates for herself in her mind is most likely to be _________.
a. environmental stress b. physical stress c. psychological stress d. social stress

33 (A): Overcoming unhelpful habits like procrastination is a life skill that enables
individuals to deal effectively with challenges of everyday life.
(R): Factors that act as stress buffers and facilitate positive health are diet, exercise,
positive attitude & positive thinking

34 __________ is the term used to describe the level of stress that is good for a person
as it enhances performance.
a. Distress b. Eustress c. Social Stress d. Strain
35 Who defined stress as “the nonspecific response of the body to any demand”?
a) Hans Selye b) Lazarus c) Holmes and Rahe d) None of the above

36 (A): To manage stress we often need to reassess the way we think and learn coping
strategies
(R ): People who cope poorly with stress have an impaired immune response and
diminished activity of natural killer cells

37 (A) :Psychological stress are caused when we overexert ourselves physically, lack a
nutritional diet, suffer an injury or fail to get enough sleep
( R): Environmental stresses are caused by air pollution, crowding, heat of the
summer or natural disasters.

38 _____________ is a behavior or skill that helps to communicate clearly and

confidently, our feelings, needs, wants and thoughts.
a. Positive attitude b. Perfectionism c. Assertiveness d. Rational thinking

39 Who is the father of modern stress research?

[Link] Selye [Link] [Link] [Link]

40 __________ is a dynamic situation-specific reaction to stress.

a. Appraisal b. Coping c. Situational support d. Assertiveness

1. c. i, iii, iv
2. a. emotional support
3. a. life skill
4. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason explains Assertion
5. d. Evaluative stress
6. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason explains Assertion
7. b. predictability
8. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason explains Assertion
9. Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason explains Assertion
[Link] Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason explains Assertion
11.a. Psychoneuroimmunology
12.c. ii and iii
13.d. i, ii
14.b. ii and iv
15.d. emotional
[Link]
[Link] Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason explains Assertion
18.c. biofeedback
19.d. emotion oriented
[Link] is False; Reason is True
21.a. Conflicts
22.b. physical
23.b. Tangible Support
24.c. Burnout
25.b. resistance
26.c. alarm reaction
27.b. T helper cells
28.c. task oriented
29.d. frustration
30.a. creative visualisation
31.d. environmental stress
32.c. psychological stress
[Link] Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason does NOT explain
Assertion
34.b. Eustress
35.a. Hans Selye
[Link] Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason explains Assertion
[Link] is False; Reason is True
38.c. Assertiveness
39.a. Hans Selye
40.b. Coping