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1. Resources

Time to Learn

B. 1. hydroelectricity./electricity (Accept any one of these.)

2. natural
3. exhaustible
4. knowledge, skills
C 1. The differences between natural and human-made resources are:
Natural resources Human-made resources
a. Resources which are provided to us by nature a. Natural resources which are converted
i
are natural resources. nto useful products by human beings
are known as human-made resources.
b. Land, air, water, soil, minerals, natural b. Buildings, roads, machinery and vehicles
vegetation and fossil fuels are examples of that have been developed by human
natural resources beings by using natural resources are
examples of human-made resources.

2. The differences between biotic and abiotic resources are:

Biotic resources Abiotic resources
ae Resources that we get from living things such ae Resources that we get from physical or non-
as plants and animals are biotic resources. living environment are abiotic resources.

b. They have the capacity to reproduce under b. As their process of formation is very slow they
favourable environmental conditions. can be exhausted by excessive use.

c Forests, agricultural crops, grasses, wild and c. Land, water, air, minerals and power resources
domestic animals, birds, fishes and rep61es are examples of abiotic
are examples of biotic resources.
(Accept these or any other relevant response.)
3. The differences between potential and developed resources are:

Potential resources Developed resources

a. Resources whose availability in terms of a. Resources whose total available
their total quantity is not known at quantity and quality are at present
present are potential resources. known are developed resources.
be These resources need detailed b. Surveys have already been conducted to
survey for the estimation of their find out their total available reserve.
quantity and quality.
 2. The differences between ubiquitous and localized resources are:

Ubiquitous resources Localised resources

a. Ubiquitous resources are those resources a. resources are those resources that are
found at certain places.

b. Air and sunlight are examples of b. Gold and silver are examples of localized
ubiquitous resources. resources.
(Accept these or any other relevant response.)
D. 1. Rocks, soils, minerals, natural vegetation and animals that are present in nature are
called gifts of nature. It is when human beings use technology to convert the gifts of
nature into articles to satisfy their needs that they become resources. Usually the gifts
of nature are converted into resources by value addition. This is possible by processing
the gifts of nature into finished products with the help of suitable technology.
2. The factors that determine the utility of any natural resource are:
• the form in which it occurs.
• the place where it occurs.
• the efforts needed to process it.
• the cost of processing it
3. Human beings are an important resource because they are capable of making the best use of
natural resources through their knowledge, skills and technology. They use their knowledge
and skills to develop technology in order to discover, exploit, develop and convert the
available or potential resources into useful products or wealth.
4. Conservation of resources—Careful utilization of natural resources without their wastage is
called conservation of resources.
Sustainable development—The proper use of natural resources to meet the present need and
also to conserve them for the future generations is known as sustainable development.
E. 1. With the passage of time humans developed various techniques to convert the gifts
of nature into useful articles to satisfy their needs. For example, waterfall is a gift of
nature. It has force, which can be used to drive a water wheel When humans
developed a technique to harness this force of falling water to generate
hydroelectricity, the waterfall became a valuable resource. Similarly, the mineral
deposits in USA were mere gifts of nature. They were not valuable to the natives, as
they did not know their use. However, when the Europeans migrated to USA, they
explored and developed these mineral deposits and they became valuable resources.
This is how gifts of nature become valuable with the passage of time.
2. The resources are classified into three types—natural, human-made and human resources.
a- The natural resources include natural endowments such as land, air, water, soil, minerals,
natural vegetation and fossil fuels. Natural resources can be further classified on the basis
of origin, development, renewability and distribution.
• On the basis of origin, resources are of two types -biotic and abiotic resources.
Biotic resources include resources available from living things such as plants and
animals like forests, agricultural crops, and wild and domestic animals,
 Abiotic resources include resources which are available from physical or non-living
environment such as land, water, air, minerals and power resources,
On the basis of development, resources are of two types namely potential and
actual or developed resources.

Potential resources include those resources which are not developed at present but
has the potential for future development The potential for the generation of
hydroelectricity in Africa in the future is an example of such resource.
Actual or developed resources include those resources which are developed from
potential resources. For example, windmills developed to harness the wind energy.
• On the basis of renewability, resources are of two types namely renewable and non-
renewable resources.
Renewable resources include plants, animals and water which can be renewed by
physical, mechanical or chemical processes.
Non-renewable resources include those resources which once exhausted cannot be
replaced such as minerals and fossil fuels.
• On the basis of distribution, natural resources are classified into ubiquitous and
localized resources.
Ubiquitous resources are those resources which are found everywhere such as air and
sunlight.
Localized resources are found at certain places and include gold and
silver.

b. The human-made resources are made by human beings and include buildings, roads,
machinery and vehicles.
c. The human resources include human beings.
3. The differences between renewable and non-renewable resources are:
Renewable resources Non-renewable resources
a. Renewable resources can be renewed a. Non-renewable resources are available
by reproduction and by physical, in fixed quantity and cannot be renewed.
mechanical or chemical processes.
b. Renewable resources are also called b. Non-renewable resources are also
inexhaustible resources. called exhaustible resources.
c. Their quantity is not affected by Their quantity is affected by human
human activities. activities.
d. Solar and wind energy are examples of Minerals and fossil fuels are examples
renewable resources. of non-renewable resources
(Accept these or any other relevant response.)
4. Our future as well as the future of our planet is dependent upon our ability to maintain and
preserve the life support system which nature has provided. Therefore, it is essential to conserve
 resources so that the resources are either not exhausted or their quality deteriorated in the near
future due to their irrational and over utilization by different human activities. The conservation
of resources also aim to maintain a balance between population growth and utilization of
resources.
5. A gift of nature can become a resource in the future if human needs force the human beings to
develop a suitable technology to convert the gift of nature into useful resources.
6. The use of resources should be sustainable so that the resources do not get exhausted
in the near future and that the future generations can also use them to meet their
needs. (Accept this or any other relevant response.)