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Thinking

Thinking is a cognitive activity that distinguishes humans from other species, encompassing reasoning, problem-solving, and creative thinking. It can be categorized into controlled thinking, which includes reasoning and problem-solving, and free thinking, which involves imagination and daydreaming. Key points highlight that thinking is a problem-solving process that utilizes ideas and symbols, and can occur independently of sensory input.

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85 views30 pages

Thinking

Thinking is a cognitive activity that distinguishes humans from other species, encompassing reasoning, problem-solving, and creative thinking. It can be categorized into controlled thinking, which includes reasoning and problem-solving, and free thinking, which involves imagination and daydreaming. Key points highlight that thinking is a problem-solving process that utilizes ideas and symbols, and can occur independently of sensory input.

Uploaded by

sbrata181
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THINKING

Introduction

●Cognitive abilities like thinking, reasoning


and problem-solving may be considered to
be some of the chief characteristics which
distinguish human beings from other
species including the higher animals.
Definition

●Thinking is a mental activity in its cognitive


aspect or mental activity with regard to
psychological aspects”.
●“Thinking is a behaviour which is often
implicit and hidden and in which symbols
are ordinarily employed”.
Types of Thinking
Two main types of Thinking

●Controlled Thinking
● Reasoning
● Problem Solving
● Creative Thinking
●Free Thinking
● Imagination
● Daydreaming
● Dreaming
Reasoning

●It is one of the best forms of controlled


thinking consciously towards the solution
of a problem.
●“Reasoning is a stepwise thinking with a
purpose or goal in mind” —Garrett.
Types of Reasoning:
Problem solving

●The term 'problem-solving' refers to the


mental process that people go through to
discover, analyze, and solve problems.
Creative Thinking

●Creative thinking is all about developing


innovative solutions to problems. Creative
thinkers brainstorm not only a large
number of ideas but also a variety and
range of them.
Free Thinking
●Thought process are allowed much greater
freedom of action. There is no restriction.
● Eg: Imagination
● day dreaming
● Dreaming
Imagination
Day Dreaming

●Daydreaming is a stream of consciousness


that detaches from current external tasks
when one's attention becomes focused on
a more personal and internal direction.
●It is a kind of imagination
Dreaming
●Dreams are the stories the brain tells
during the REM (rapid eye movement)
stage of sleep.
LEVELS OF THINKING
STAGES IN DEVELOPMENT OF THINKING
Stages
Errors in Thinking
Key Points

●Thinking is a problem solving process in


which we use ideas and symbols.
● It is conscious processes that can happen
independently of sensory stimulation.
●Memory and imagination are forms of
thought .

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