Android Quick Start Gtug

Android: Quick Start
Dmitry Lukashev
What is the plan? History & Architecture overview Android building blocks Manifest, system services, NDK Activities & Fragments Layouts Debugging tools Publishing & money
Where to start
http://d.android.com/ developers portal

http://tools.android.com/ tools project http://s.android.com/ source page http://b.android.com/ bugz http://r.android.com/ source patches reviews http://a.android.com/ ADK
http://android-developers.blogspot.com/
Where to start (cont.)
Info
http://java.oracle.com
http://twitter.com/retomeier
http://commonsware.com/Android/
https://plus.google.com/108 967384991768947849
http://www.google.com/events/io/2011/
Training 2010
Java +Android
(basics) JVM, GC, Threads, SDK, NDK, Activity, Code style, etc.
Android UI
Layouts, ListView, Menu, Dialog, Widgets, Tips & tricks, etc.
Android in Action
Screen rotation, Memory analyze, AIDL, SAX, Debug, Wakelock, etc.
Part I
Part II
Part III
http://android.amberfog.com/?p=655
UI
http://developer.android.com/design/index.html
http://inspired-ui.com/ http://www.androidpatterns.com/ http://mobile-patterns.com/
http://www.androiduipatterns.com/
http://pttrns.com/ http://www.lovelyui.com/
Android
Architecture Overview & History Building Blocks Manifest System Services Saving Application State NDK Activities & Fragments Layouts UI thread Debugging tools Application publishing & Money
Android History
http://www.theverge.com/2011/12/7/2585779/android-history
Android History
Jul 2005 Google acquired Android Inc. (co-founded by Andy Rubin) Nov 2007 Google Android presentation and early look release
HTC Magic Sep 2008 Soft Keyboard Widgets Mar 2009 May 2009 Voice Search WVGA Sep 2009 Oct 2009 clair Dec 2009 Froyo
1.0
HTC G1
1.1
1.5
1.6
2.0
2.0.1
"Astro" and "Bender"
Accounts Multi-touch Live wallpapers
Jan 2010
May 2010
2.1
Nexus One
2.2
JIT, C2DM, Flash Tethering, V8
Cupcake
Donut
Android History (cont.)

Dec 2010
UI, NFC, SIP, VP8, gyroscope
2.3
Gingerbread Nexus S Feb 2011 May 2011 Comparability display mode May 2011 Ice Cream Sandwich Oct 2011
3.0
Tablets
3.1
ADT ported to 2.3.4 Resizable widgets
3.2
4.0
New UI virtual buttons Android Beam Phone + Tablet Roboto
Honeycomb
Jellybean?
Android Platform Fragmentation in the World
February 2012
Android Platform Fragmentation in Russia
Java Reflection
Originally used to inspect classes, interfaces, fields and methods at runtime, without knowing the names of them at compile time. It can be used for observing and/or modifying program execution at runtime Classes: Class, Method, Field, Constructor, etc.
// Without reflection Foo foo = new Foo(); foo.hello(); // With reflection Class cls = Class.forName("Foo"); Object foo = cls.newInstance(); Method method = cls.getMethod("hello", null); method.invoke(foo, null);
Android Architecture Overview

Applications
Home Contacts Phone Browser
Resource Manager Location Manager
Application Framework
NDK / JNI Activity Manager Package Manager Window Manager Content Providers View System
Telephony Manager
Notification Manager
Libraries
Surface Manager OpenGL | ES SGL Media Framework FreeType SSL SQLite WebKit libc
Android Runtime
Core Libraries Dalvik VM
Linux Kernel
Display Driver Camera Driver Flash Memory Driver Binder (IPC) Driver
Keypad Driver
WiFi Driver
Audio Drivers
Power Management
JVM
class files
Class loader subsystem
Thread
VM
The pc register (program counter) JVM Stack Native methods stacks Heap Method Area
lass
Runtime Constant Pool
Execution engine
Native method interface
native method libraries
Dalvik VM
Was written by Dan Bornstein Transform class files into DEX It is VM

integrated with Linux uses shared memory, mmap for OS without swap space while powered by a battery zygote
The Dalvik VM is register-based: fewer instructions, code units, instructions Verification & optimization at installation time
Give me your huddled bytecodes yearning to run free. And I lift the light beside the coders door
DEX file shared constant pool

.jar file
.class file
heterogeneous constant pool other data
.dex file
string_ids constant pool type_ids constant pool proto_ids constant pool field_ids constant pool method_ids constant pool Hello World Lcom/data/Data int String[ ] String fn() void fn(int) String.offset Integer.MAX_VALUE PrintStream.println() Collection.size()
.class file
.class file
other data
JIT (since Android 2.2)
Translates byte code to optimized native code at run time Part of the open source Trace JIT vs Method JIT Trace JIT
Minimizing memory usage critical for mobile devices (100K) Important to deliver performance boost quickly Trace request is built during interpretation Compiled traces chained together in translation cache Per process translation cache
Leave open the possibility of supplementing with methodbased JIT
Garbage collection
Android
Android Application Building Blocks
Activity
Presents UI Each Activity is independent screen Activity: setContentView(View)
Service
Used for background operations
BroadcastReceiver
Receive and process broadcast system or user events
ContentProvider
Share application data with others Data can be stored in FS, DB or even in memory Communicate via ContentResolver
Intent
Used to activate Activities, Services & BroadcastReceivers
Android Application
Controls global Application state Extend Application class (android.app.Application)

onCreate() onLowMemory() onTerminate() getApplicationContext() to use it in classes, where is no Context
Point custom Application class in AndroidManifest.xml
Android Context
Application Context
Non UI Context startActivity(Intent) start /stopService(Intent) sendBroadcast(Intent) register / unregisterReciever() Application FS, Preferences, Resources getSystemService
Activity Context
Same as for Application, but specific to current Activity startActivityForResult(Intent) / finish() bindService(Intent) UI: setContentView(View), findViewById() User events handling (Keys, Touches, Trackball)
Android
AndroidManifest.xml (1)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.my.example" android:versionName="1.0 beta" android:versionCode="2"> <application android:name=".MyApplication" android:label="..." android:icon="...">
<activity android:name=".MyActivity">
<intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity> <service ... /> <receiver ... /> <provider ... /> </application> </manifest>
<activity android:name=".MyActivity" android:launchMode="singleTask" android:theme="@style/Theme.MyDialog" /> <service android:name=".MyService" android:process="new"/> <receiver android:name=".MyReceiver" > <intent-filter> <action android:name= "android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED" />
<category android:name= "android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />

<data android:scheme= "package" /> </intent-filter> </receiver> <provider android:name=".MyProvider" android:authorities="com.my.provider" />
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="..." package="com.my.example" android:versionName="1.0 beta" android:versionCode="2"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> <uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="3"
android:targetSdkVersion="4"/> <supports-screens android:largeScreens="true" android:normalScreens="true"
android:smallScreens="true"
android:resizeable="true" android:anyDensity="true" /> <application ...> ... </application>
</manifest>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<manifest xmlns:android="..." package="com.my.example" android:versionName="1.0 beta" android:versionCode="2"> <uses-configuration android:reqHardKeyboard="true" android:reqTouchScreen="true" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.software.live_wallpaper" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.telephony" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.telephony.cdma" /> ...
</manifest>
Android
Android System Services

Object getApplicationContext().getSystemService(String serviceName)
serviceName value (contsants in Context)

WINDOW_SERVICE LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE POWER_SERVICE NOTIFICATION_SERVICE CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE WIFI_SERVICE TELEPHONY_SERVICE LOCATION_SERVICE SENSOR_SERVICE
Service Class name

WindowManager LayoutInflater PowerManager NotificationManager ConnectivityManager WifiManager TelephonyManager LocationManager SensorManager
Description
Controls on-screen windows and their parameters Inflates layout resources Controls power management Status bar notifications Handling network connections Handling Wi-Fi network status Handling phone calls states Controls location (GPS) updates Controls sensor
Android
Saving State of Android Application

Shared Preferences are stored in the application private data space and can be shared only inside this Application, but between launches and versions Instance of SharedPreferences class should be obtained:
Activity.getPreferences() PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(Context ctx) Context.getSharedPreferences(String name, int mode)
To read:
mPreferences.getType(String key, T defValue);
To write:
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mPreferences.edit(); editor.putType(String key, T value); editor.commit();
SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener
Backup Application Data (android.app.backup 2.2)

Perform backup arbitrary data to remote cloud storage Easily perform backup of SharedPreferences and files Restore the data saved to remote storage Controlled by Android Backup Manager
Extend class BackupAgent and override onBackup() & onRestore() OR Extend BackupAgentHelper to backup/restore SharedPreferences and files from internal storage Add your agent to AndroidManifest.xml
<application android:backupAgent=".MyBackupAgent" >
BackupManager.dataChanged()/requestRestore() New bmgr tool for testing http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/bmgr.html Full guide with examples: http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/data/backup.html
Android
Android NDK (Native Development Kit)
Provides ability and tools to embed components that make use of native code in Android applications Supports only restricted set of native libraries:
libc (C library) headers libm (math library) headers JNI interface headers libz (Zlib compression) headers liblog (Android logging) header OpenGL ES 1.1 (since 1.6) and OpenGL ES 2.0 (3D graphics libraries, since 2.0) headers libjnigraphics (Pixel buffer access) header (since 2.2) A Minimal set of headers for C++ support
NativeActivity (since 2.3)

For Windows Cygwin 1.7 (or higher) is needed
Android
Activities and Tasks (1)
An Activity is a molecule a discrete chunk of functionality A Task is a collection of Activities (own UI history stack, capable of spanning multiple processes) is what the user experiences as an "application" A Process is a standard Linux process (one VM per process)
Task
Activity
Activity
Task
Activity
Activity ContentProvider Service Process .apk package
ContentProvider
Process Service Process .apk package
Android Process
Android process == Linux process adb shell ps -t

USER app_21 app_21 app_21 app_21 app_21 app_21 PID 182 183 184 188 190 191 PPID 30 182 182 182 182 182 VSIZE 105984 105984 105984 105984 105984 105984 RSS 19188 19188 19188 19188 19188 19188 WCHAN ffffffff c005925c c0047438 c009a694 c019a810 c019a810 PC afe0da04 afe0da04 afe0d32c afe0cba4 afe0ca7c afe0ca7c S S S S S S NAME com.android.email HeapWorker Signal Catcher JDWP Binder Thread # Binder Thread #
By default: 1 process per APK, 1 thread per process Remains running until killed by the system The component elements <activity>, <service>, <receiver>, and <provider> each have a process attribute that can specify a process where that component should run Private process new thread, same VM
HOME
Activity 1 (2) Intent flags FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP <activity> attributes taskAffinity launchMode allowTaskReparenting clearTaskOnLaunch alwaysRetainTaskState finishOnTaskLaunch
BACK
GMap Activity
Activity 1 (1) Start Activity (e.g. LAUNCHER)
Task
New Task
HOME
HOME
BACK
Activity 2
NEW_TASK
BACK
Activity 3 affinity=com.gtug.task2
Activity 1
Task
Task
taskAffinity=com.gtug.task1
Intent intent = new Intent(TestUI.this, Activity1.class); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); startActivity(intent);
Task reparenting
android:allowTaskReparenting=["true" | "false"]
No Task with affinity=com.gtug.task2

Activity 2 allowTaskReparenting=true affinity=com.gtug.task2
Intent w/o NEW_TASK
Activity 1
Task
Activity 2 allowTaskReparenting=true affinity=com.gtug.task2 Activity 2
Intent w/o NEW_TASK
Activity 1
Task taskAffinity=com.gtug.task1
Task taskAffinity=com.gtug.task2
View Activity/Task/Process details
adb shell dumpsys >> dump.txt

Activities in Current Activity Manager State: * TaskRecord{43ddd1e8 #10 A com.test.xxx} clearOnBackground=false numActivities=1 rootWasReset=false affinity=com.test.xxx intent={flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.test.TestUI/.Activity1} realActivity=com.test.TestUI/.Activity1 lastActiveTime=15088595 (inactive for 5s)
* Hist #4: HistoryRecord{43ddd000 com.test.TestUI/.Activity1}

packageName=com.test.TestUI processName=com.gtug.test123123 launchedFromUid=10025 app=ProcessRecord{43d5a1a8 Intent { flg=0x10000000 cmp=com.test.TestUI/.Activity1 } frontOfTask=true task=TaskRecord{43ddd1e8 #10 A com.test.xxx}
293:com.gtug.test123123/10025}
taskAffinity=com.test.xxx
realActivity=com.test.TestUI/.Activity1 base=/data/app/com.test.TestUI.apk/data/app/com.test.TestUI.apk data=/data/data/com.test.TestUI labelRes=0x7f040001 icon=0x7f020000 theme=0x0 stateNotNeeded=false componentSpecified=true isHomeActivity=false configuration={ scale=1.0 imsi=310/260 loc=en_US touch=3 keys=2/1/2 nav=3/1 orien=1 layout=18} launchFailed=false haveState=false icicle=null state=RESUMED stopped=false delayedResume=false finishing=false keysPaused=false inHistory=true persistent=false launchMode=0 fullscreen=true visible=true frozenBeforeDestroy=false thumbnailNeeded=false idle=true
Activity launch modes (1)

android:launchMode=["standard" | "singleTop" | "singleTask" | "singleInstance"]
standard singleTop
singleInstance singleTask
only one Activity in the Task
Multiple instances in one Task
Single instance in one Task

Activity 2
Activity 3
Activity 2 Activity 1 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1
Activity 3
Activity 2 Activity 1
standard
Task
Task
Task
Task
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1
Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1
run Activity1
onNewIntent()
singleTop
Task
Task Activity1 is singleTop
Task

run Activity1
Activity 3
Activity 2 Activity 1 Activity 1
singleTask
Task
Task
Activity1 is singleTask
no more Activities in this task

run Activity2
singleInstance
Activity 2
Activity 1
Task1
Task2
Activity1 is singleInstance
Activity Graph of Life

onRestart()
onPostCreate ()
Start
onCreate()
onStart() onResume()
onPostResume()
Running partly visible onPause() Kill process
foreground
foreground
no longer visible onStop()
onDestroy()
Stop
Fragments
Android
Android User Interface
UI is build using View and ViewGroup View is base for widgets ViewGroup is base for layouts setContentView() attach the view hierarchy tree to the screen for rendering Drawing is two pass process:
measuring pass layout pass
ViewGroup
ViewGroup
View
View
View
View
View
Layouts
Declare layouts in two ways:

Declare UI elements in XML Instantiate layout elements at runtime
Attributes ID
android:id="@+id/my_button android:id=@id/empty android:icon="@*android:drawable/ic_menu_clear_playlist
setContentView(R.layout.main_layout); findViewById(R.id.my_button);
Layout Parameters
layout_something layout parameter Every ViewGroup class implements a nested class that extends ViewGroup.LayoutParams layout_width and layout_height are LinearLayout required for all view groups
View v = findViewById(R.id.ImageView01); LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams)v.getLayoutParams(); lp.weight = 2f; v.setLayoutParams(lp); View
RelativeLayout. LayoutParams
RelativeLayout
LinearLayout. LayoutParams
View
View
View
View
Padding, Margins, wrap_content, fill_parent
20px
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:background="#FFFFFF" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <TextView android:id="@+id/TextView01" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="mytext" android:layout_marginLeft="20px" android:paddingTop="10px" android:textColor="#FF000000" /> </LinearLayout>
10px wrap_content
fill_parent
Common Layout Objects
FrameLayout LinearLayout TableLayout RelativeLayout GridLayout (API 14)
AbsoluteLayout deprecated (use Frame or Relative)
FrameLayout
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> <Button android:text="@+id/Button01" android:id="@+id/Button01" android:layout_width="200px" android:layout_height="200px" /> <Button android:text="@+id/Button02" android:id="@+id/Button02" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" /> </FrameLayout>
LinearLayout
Orientation: vertical, horizontal Weight attribute importance value of a view. Default weight is zero.
0 0 weight = 1
wrap_content for all views 0 1 1
wrap_content for all views

0 1 1 wrap_content, 0dp, 0dp 0 1 2
wrap_content, 0dp, 0dp

0 1 2 wrap_content for all views
TableLayout
TableLayout positions its children into rows and columns stretchColumns zero-based index of the columns to stretch
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:stretchColumns="1"> <TableRow> <TextView android:text=gtug1" android:padding=5dp" /> <TextView android:text=gtug2" android:gravity="right" android:padding=5dp" /> </TableRow> <TableRow> </TableRow> </TableLayout>
RelativeLayout (1) RelativeLayout lets child views specify their position relative to the parent view or to each other (specified by ID)
<RelativeLayout ... > <ImageView android:id="@+id/icon android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/secondLine" . android:layout_toRightOf="@id/icon" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" /> <TextView android:layout_toRightOf="@id/icon" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_above="@id/secondLine" android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true' /> </RelativeLayout>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight" android:padding="6dp"> <ImageView /> <LinearLayout android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView /> <TextView /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
way 1
better way
RelativeLayout (2)
LinearLayout
RelativeLayout
GridLayout (API 14)
GridLayout (cont.)
<GridLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:alignmentMode="alignBounds" android:columnCount="4" android:columnOrderPreserved="false" android:useDefaultMargins="true" > <TextView android:layout_columnSpan="4" android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" android:text="Email setup" android:textSize="32dip" /> <TextView android:layout_columnSpan="4" android:layout_gravity="left" android:text="You can configure email in just a few steps:" android:textSize="16dip" /> <TextView android:layout_gravity="right" android:text="Email address:" /> <EditText android:ems="10" /> <TextView android:layout_column="0" android:layout_gravity="right" android:text="Password:" /> <EditText android:ems="8" /> <Space android:layout_column="0" android:layout_columnSpan="3" android:layout_gravity="fill" android:layout_row="4" /> <Button android:layout_column="3" android:layout_row="5" android:text="Next" /> </GridLayout>
Android
Dealing with UI-thread (1)
Main application thread Responsible for drawing and received UI callbacks Long operations on UI thread cause ANR State of UI elements should be changed only on UI thread
CalledFromWrongThreadException: Only the original thread that created a view hierarchy can touch its views
ListView adapters should be filled on UI thread

java.lang.IllegalStateException: The content of the adapter has changed but ListView did not receive a notification. Make sure the content of your adapter is not modified from a background thread, but only from the UI thread
Dealing with UI-thread (2)
Activity.runOnUiThread(Runnable) View.post(Runnable) View.postDelayed(Runnable, long) Handler AsyncTask UI: onPreExecute() WR: doInBackground() WR: publishProgress() UI: onProgressUpdate() UI: onPostExecute() android.app.IntentService
Devices and Displays
Supporting Multiple Screens
Screen size: small, normal, large, xlarge Screen density: low, medium, high, extra high Orientation: landscape, portrait Resolution Density-independent pixel (dp) px = dp * (dpi / 160)
xlarge screens are at least 960dp x 720dp large screens are at least 640dp x 480dp normal screens are at least 470dp x 320dp small screens are at least 426dp x 320dp
Qualifiers
Since 3.2
Screen configuration Qualifier values sw<N>dp smallestWidth Description You can use this qualifier to ensure that, regardless of the screen's current orientation, your application's has at least <N> dps of width available for it UI. Specifies a minimum available width in dp units at which the resources should be useddefined by the <N> value. Specifies a minimum screen height in dp units at which the resources should be useddefined by the <N> value.
sw600dp sw720dp
w<N>dp
Available screen width
w720dp w1024dp h<N>dp
Available screen height
h720dp h1024dp
Various screen configurations available from emulator
Android
Debugging tools
Android Debug Bridge (ADB) Dalvik Debug Monitor Server (DDMS) Traceview logcat ADT plug-in DevTools SpareParts AXMLPrinter2
ADB
Install/Uninstall apps, port forwarding, scripting, files management Shell

$ adb -s emulator-5554 shell # sqlite3 /data/data/com.example.google.rss.rssexample/databases/rssitems.db SQLite version 3.3.12 Enter ".help" for instructions .... enter commands, then quit... sqlite> .exit
adb shell ls /system/bin adb kill-server
Monkey
Stress-test your application: generate pseudo-random streams of user events such as clicks, touches, or gestures, as well as a number of system-level events
$ adb shell monkey -p your.package.name -v 500
You can write your own script and execute thru telnet
press DPAD_CENTER sleep 4000 tap 290 40 sleep 1000 tap 290 40 sleep 500
You can even take screenshots thru command line

Monkey Demo
logcat
The priority is one of the following character values, ordered from lowest to highest priority: V Verbose (lowest priority) D Debug I Info W Warning E Error F Fatal S Silent (highest priority, on which nothing is ever printed)
adb logcat -b radio
DDMS
Threads info VM Heap info Allocation Tracker System info Emulator control Screen capture File Explorer
Demo
Performance Analysis: Traceview

In code:
Debug.startMethodTracing(path) // at /sdcard Debug.stopMethodTracing()
Using adb:
adb shell am profile com.gtug.project start /sdcard/filename adb shell am profile com.gtug.project stop
Impact performance!
<! AndroidManifest.xml //--> <application android:debuggable="true" ... />
Android
Publishing and $$$?
Idea Design https://market.android.com/ http://www.admob.com/
Contacts
Dmitry Lukashev
http://ru.linkedin.com/in/dmitrylukashev dmitry.lukashev@gmail.com
Blog - http://android.amberfog.com/
Thank You!
Questions?

Android Quick Start Gtug

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Android Quick Start Gtug

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Android: Quick Start

http://d.android.com/ developers portal

Where to start (cont.)

"Astro" and "Bender"

Accounts Multi-touch Live wallpapers

Android History (cont.)

Android Platform Fragmentation in the World

Android Platform Fragmentation in Russia

Android Architecture Overview

Resource Manager Location Manager

Class loader subsystem

Runtime Constant Pool

Native method interface

native method libraries

Was written by Dan Bornstein Transform class files into DEX It is VM

DEX file shared constant pool

JIT (since Android 2.2)

Leave open the possibility of supplementing with methodbased JIT

Android Application Building Blocks

Controls global Application state Extend Application class (android.app.Application)

Point custom Application class in AndroidManifest.xml

<category android:name= "android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

Android System Services

serviceName value (contsants in Context)

Service Class name

Saving State of Android Application

Backup Application Data (android.app.backup 2.2)

Android NDK (Native Development Kit)

NativeActivity (since 2.3)

Activities and Tasks (1)

Activities and Tasks (2)

Android process == Linux process adb shell ps -t

Activities and Tasks (3)

Activity 1 (1) Start Activity (e.g. LAUNCHER)

Intent intent = new Intent(TestUI.this, Activity1.class); intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); startActivity(intent);

No Task with affinity=com.gtug.task2

Intent w/o NEW_TASK

View Activity/Task/Process details

adb shell dumpsys >> dump.txt

* Hist #4: HistoryRecord{43ddd000 com.test.TestUI/.Activity1}

Activity launch modes (1)

only one Activity in the Task

Multiple instances in one Task

Single instance in one Task

Activity launch modes (2)

Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1

Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 1

Task Activity1 is singleTop

Activity launch modes (3)

no more Activities in this task

Activity Graph of Life

Running partly visible onPause() Kill process

no longer visible onStop()

Android User Interface

Declare layouts in two ways:

Padding, Margins, wrap_content, fill_parent

Common Layout Objects

FrameLayout LinearLayout TableLayout RelativeLayout GridLayout (API 14)

AbsoluteLayout deprecated (use Frame or Relative)

wrap_content for all views

wrap_content, 0dp, 0dp

GridLayout (API 14)